Here's one way to do it:
sub card {
my %card_map;
@card_map{1..9} = qw(
one two three four five six seven eight nine
);
my($num) = @_;
if ($card_map{$num}) {
return $card_map{$num};
} else {
return $num;
}
}
# driver routine:
while (<>) {
chomp;
print "card of $_ is ", &card($_), "\n";
}
The &card
subroutine (so named because it returns a cardinal name for a given value) begins by initializing a constant hash called %card_map
. This array has values such that $card_map{6}
is six
, making it fairly easy to do the mapping.
The if
statement determines if the value is in range by looking the number up in the hash: if there's a corresponding hash element, the test is true, so that array element is returned. If there's no corresponding element (such as when $num
is 11
or -4
), the value returned from the hash lookup is undef
, so the else
-branch of the if
statement is executed, returning the original number. You can also replace that entire if
statement with the single expression:
$card_map{$num} || $num;
If the value on the left of the ||
is true, it's the value for the entire expression, which then gets returned. If it's false (such as when $num
is out of range), the right side of the ||
operator is evaluated, returning $num
as the return value.
The driver routine takes successive lines, chomping off their newlines, and hands them one at a time to the &card
routine, printing the result.
Here's one way to do it:
sub card { ...; } # from previous problem
print "Enter first number: ";
chomp($first = <STDIN>);
print "Enter second number: ";
chomp($second = <STDIN>);
$message = card($first) . " plus " .
card($second) . " equals " .
card($first+$second) . ".\n";
print "\u$message";
The first two print
statements prompt for two numbers, with the immediately following statements reading the values into $first
and $second
.
A string called $message
is then built up by calling &card
three times, once for each value and once for the sum.
Once the message is constructed, its first character is uppercased by the case-shifting backslash operator \u
. The message is then printed.
Here's one way to do it:
sub card {
my %card_map;
@card_map{0..9} = qw(
zero one two three four five six seven eight nine
);
my($num) = @_;
my($negative);
if ($num < 0) {
$negative = "negative ";
$num = - $num;
}
if ($card_map{$num}) {
return $negative . $card_map{$num};
} else {
return $negative . $num;
}
}
Here, we've given the %card_map
array a name for zero.
The first if
statement inverts the sign of $num
and sets $negative
to the word negative, if the number is found to be less than zero. After this if
statement, the value of $num
is always nonnegative, but we will have an appropriate prefix string in $negative
.
The second if
statement determines if the (now positive) $num
is within the hash. If so, the resulting hash value is appended to the prefix within $negative
and returned. If not, the value within $negative
is attached to the original number.
That last if
statement can be replaced with the expression:
$negative . ($card_map{$num} || $num);