ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА КОАПП |
Сборники Художественной, Технической, Справочной, Английской, Нормативной, Исторической, и др. литературы. |
8.3. Processing Every Word in a FileProblemYou need to do something to every word in a file, similar to the SolutionEither while (<>) { for $chunk (split) { # do something with $chunk } } Or use the while (<>) { while ( /(\w[\w'-]*)/g ) { # do something with $1 } } DiscussionDecide what you mean by "word." Sometimes you want anything but whitespace, sometimes you only want program identifiers, and sometimes you want English words. Your definition governs which regular expression to use. The preceding two approaches work differently. Patterns are used in the first approach to decide what is not a word. In the second, they're used to decide what is a word. With these techniques, it's easy to make a word frequency counter. Use a hash to store how many times each word has been seen: # Make a word frequency count %seen = (); while (<>) { while ( /(\w['\w-]*)/g ) { $seen{lc $1}++; } } # output hash in a descending numeric sort of its values foreach $word ( sort { $seen{$b} <=> $seen{$a} } keys %seen) { printf "%5d %s\n", $seen{$word}, $word; } To make the example program count line frequency instead of word frequency, omit the second # Line frequency count %seen = (); while (<>) { $seen{lc $_}++; } foreach $line ( sort { $seen{$b} <=> $seen{$a} } keys %seen ) { printf "%5d %s", $seen{$line}, $line; } Odd things that may need to be considered as words include "M.I.T.", "Micro$oft", "o'clock", "49ers", "street-wise", "and/or", "&", "c/o", "St.", "TschьЯ", and "Niсo". Bear this in mind when you choosing a pattern to match. The last two require you to place a See AlsoThe |