Medical and pharmaceutical encyclopaedia Pharm Assist v. 2.06-CDFIRST AID FOR HEAT BURNS 1. Due to a heavy loss of body fluids associated with severe burns it is important that you watch for shock, and treat if necessary. 2. For first degree burns and second degree burns with unopened blisters, flush with cool running water for a few minutes then apply a moist dressing and bandage loosely.|bFlush with cool running water.|dApply moist dressing and bandage loosely.|SECOND DEGREE BURNS The second degree burn involves damage below the outermost surface of the skin (epidermis), and extends down into the lower levels of the skin and involves partial damage to the dermis. The characteristic sign of a second degree burn is the formation of blisters. FIRST AID FOR HEAT BURNS 1. Due to a heavy loss of body fluids associated with severe burns it is important that you watch for, and treat, if necessary, for shock. 2. For first degree burns and second degree burns with unopened blisters, flush with cool running water for a few minutes then apply a moist dressing and bandage loosely. 3. For second degree burns with open blisters and third degree burns apply dry dressings and bandage loosely. DO NOT FLUSH WITH WATER! As it will increase the chances of shock.|cFlush with water ONLY if blisters are NOT opened.|dApply a dry dressing.|fBandage loosely.|THIRD DEGREE BURNS Third degree burns are the most damaging and most serious. The damage may extend well below both the epidermis and dermis and involve damage beyond subcutaneous layer (the fatty layer below the dermis) and on into muscle tissue. FIRST AID FOR HEAT BURNS 1. Due to a heavy loss of body fluids associated with severe burns it is important that you watch for, and treat, if necessary, for shock. 2. For third degree burns apply dry dressings and bandage loosely. DO NOT FLUSH WITH WATER! As it will increase the chances of shock.|eDO NOT FLUSH WITH WATER!|dApply a dry dressing|fBandage loosely|FIRST AID FOR ELECTRICAL BURNS Make sure the victim is free of any electrical contact before you touch them. Failure to do this may result in you becoming an electrical burn victim also. Look for signs of cardiac arrest and if necessary, begin CPR.|oRemove electrical source before touching the victim.|pLook for signs of cardiac arrest (no pulse, no breathing) and begin C.P.R. if necessary.|FIRST AID FOR CHEMICAL BURNS 1. Flush with running water for 15 to 30 minutes. 2. Remove any clothing etc. that may have chemicals on them. 3. Cover the burn with a dry, loose dressing. 4. Watch for signs and symptoms of shock and treat if necessary.|qRemove any clothing that may have chemicals on them and flush the area for 15 to 30 minutes with running water.|rCover burn with dry, loose dressing.|sWatch for signs of shock and treat if necessary.|A "Heart Attack" is a situation where one or more of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle become blocked. If the blockage is sufficient enough to preclude blood from nourishing the heart, heart cells begin to die. When the heart cells die, the heart may not be able to pump properly. In the worst of situations, the damage can be so extensive that the heart can no longer pump at all. When the heart stops pumping altogether, the victim is in "Cardiac Arrest" and needs Immediate first aid in the form of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (C.P.R.). Since any heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest, it is extremely important to be able to recognize the symptoms and signs before the heart stops completely - Cardiac Arrest. According to statistics, most people who die of cardiac arrest, die within 2 hours of a major heart attack. SYMPTOMS A. Chest discomfort or pain. May be described as an uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, aching, fullness or tightness, constricting, heavy or oppressive feeling in the center of the chest behind the breastbone. This pain or discomfort may even spread from the chest to the neck, jaw, back or both arms or shoulders. In addition to the chest pains, other symptoms include: B. Sweating C. Nausea D. Shortness of breath FIRST AID 1. Recognize the symptoms and take control of the situation. 2. Sit or lie the victim down, in a comfortable position. 3. Loosen restrictive clothing and do not allow the victim to move around. 4. Have someone call 911, or do it yourself if necessary. 5. Be prepared to administer C.P.R. if the victim goes into cardiac arrest.|wSit or lie the victim down in a comfortable position.|‚Loosen restrictive clothing. (Do not allow the victim to move around).|tContact medical help immediately.|јIf the victim goes into cardiac arrest administer CPR.|RISK FACTORS YOU CAN'T CHANGE The risk factors that you cannot change are: A. Age (the older you get, the greater the risk) B. Sex (Males are at greater risk than females) C. Heredity (Family history of Cardiovascular Disease) RISK FACTORS YOU CAN CHANGE The risk factors that you can change are: A. Stress B. Uncontrolled Diabetes C. Cigarette Smoking D. High Blood Pressure E. High Blood Cholesterol (diets high in saturated fats or cholesterol) HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE Blood pressure is the force the heart uses to push the blood through the arteries and is measured in terms of pressure exerted. During threatening situations, your blood pressure will rise naturally and is considered quite normal. This is the body's way of providing more energy for use during stress or emergency situations. However, when your blood pressure is frequently or consistently above "normal," (e.g. 120/80 is statistically normal for people between the ages of 18-45 years) it is identified as hypertension. Although there are no cures for hypertension, it can be controlled medically. MEASURE OF BLOOD PRESSURE The measurement, e.g.. 120/80, is the measurement of both the systolic (the upper number), and the diastolic (the lower number) pressure readings. Systolic pressure (eg.120) is measured when the heart contracts (pumps) and increases the pressure of the blood in your circulatory system. When the heart relaxes between beats, the pressure levels off and is called diastolic pressure.|xPain located under the breastbone, mid-chest, or entire upper chest.|yPain in mid-chest, neck, and jaw.|zPain in mid-chest, and inside arms. As an early warning sign, the pain is more frequent in the left arm and shoulder.|{Pain in upper abdomen. May be mistaken for indigestion.||Pain inside of arms, neck, jaw, and a larger area of the chest.|}Pain in the neck area, both sides, center, jaw (from ear to ear).|~Pain inside the right arm, from the armpit to just below the elbow. Inside left arm to the wrist. Left side pain is more frequent than right side and may include shoulder pain.|Pain between the shoulder blades.|Internal bleeding can either be somewhat insignificant, as in the case of a bruise, or serious enough to cause heart failure, lung failure and shock. Because internal bleeding is not as obvious as external bleeding it is very important to know both the signs and symptoms associated with internal bleeding. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS 1. Blood in vomit 2. Bruises on the chest 3. Signs of fractured ribs 4. Bruised, tender, swollen or rigid abdomen 5. Fractured pelvis 6. Bleeding from the rectum 7. Bleeding from the vagina 8. Penetration of the chest 9. Penetration of the abdomen 10. Cool, moist skin 11. Difficult breathing and abnormal pulse FIRST AID 1. Get medical help immediately 2. Keep the victim calm 3. Make sure the victim's airway stays clear and unobstructed 4. Make sure the victim's heart continues pumping (periodically check the pulse) 5. If the victim is wearing tight clothing, loosen it 6. If necessary, treat for shock 7. Control external bleeding|tContact emergency medical help immediately.|ЂKeep the victim calm.|ЃKeep the victims airway clear and unabstructed.|‚Loosen tight clothing.|sIf necessary, control external bleeding and treat for shock.|External bleeding can be the result of open wounds, where the skin has been opened up as from a cut. There are basically seven different types of open wounds that may result in external bleeding: ABRASIONS Damage to the skin resulting from a scrape or rubbing. This generally results in minimal bleeding. PUNCTURE Damage created by something poking through the skin. May result from a pin or bullet, etc.. In addition to external bleeding from this wound, there may also be internal bleeding. LACERATION Jagged or torn soft tissue caused by sharp irregular objects like broken glass, etc.. INCISIONS Sharp even cuts caused by knives, razor blades, etc.. This type of wound may result in heavy bleeding and possible damage to muscles, nerves and tendons. AVULSIONS Avulsions involve torn tissue possibly hanging off the body. This type of wound can involve heavy bleeding. CRUSHING INJURY This type injury may be the result of a car or industrial machinery accident. May include injuries to internal organs and bone fractures. Crushing injuries may involve both heavy internal and external bleeding. AMPUTATIONS This type of wound involves the complete separation of a body extremity (finger, hand, leg, etc). Bleeding from an amputation often involves less bleeding than one would suspect. DIRECT PRESSURE If at all possible, cover the wound with a clean dressing and hold it tightly to the wound. If you do not have a clean dressing available, you must use your hand. Remember, once you put a dressing on a wound, do not remove it. Removing it can start the bleeding all over again. If a dressing gets saturated, just apply the next one directly over the original one. ELEVATE THE WOUND If direct pressure fails to stop the bleeding and you do not feel that there is a fracture, elevate the wound above heart level and apply direct pressure. PRESSURE POINTS The third method to be tried in order to stop bleeding is used if both direct pressure and elevation do not work. The third method is accomplished by applying pressure (with your hand) to one of four points on the body. Those points are located on either side of the groin and on the inside of the inner arms over the biceps. If possible, this method should be used along with direct pressure and elevation. PRESSURE BANDAGE The last step that may be used to stop bleeding is a pressure bandage. This is accomplished by placing a clean dressing over the wound and securing it in place with an appropriate sized bandage. As you wrap the wound with the bandage apply pressure on the wound to help slow the bleeding. When you have completed the wrapping check to make sure the pressure bandage is not too tight. You can check the tightness by feeling for a pulse. If the pulse is weak or non-existent, the bandage is too tight and needs to be loosened. Additionally, if you notice the victims finger tips or toes turning a bluish color, the bandage is too tight. PREVENT INFECTION To reduce the possibility of infection, wash your hands, or better still, if available, wear latex gloves before you treat the wound. Use clean sterile dressings and take care not to contaminate the wound especially when you are administering first aid outside, e.g. camping, car accident, etc.. INFECTION WARNING SIGNS Infection may develop within a few hours or days of an injury. If the wound was somehow contaminated and an infection results, it will be evident by these signs and symptoms. 1. Pain and tenderness at the wound 2. Feeling of heat at the wound 3. Redness 4. Swelling 5. Pus in the wound or under the skin 6. Red streaks leading away from the wound 7. Swollen lymph glands closest to the wound|gApply direct pressure.|hElevate the wound.|iApply pressure to the nearest pressure point to the wound if the wound is on one of the extremities.|jApply a pressure bandage. Caution: do not wrap so tight as to stop the pulse below the wound.|Shock is the condition where the cardiovascular system is incapable of keeping an adequate blood supply to essential body organs, such as the brain, lungs and heart. TYPES OF VASCULAR SHOCK: There are six types of shock that are directly related to your vascular (blood vessel) system: 1. Hypovolemic shock (blood loss) 2. Metabolic shock (loss of body fluid) 3. Psychogenic shock (fainting) 4. Septic shock (severe generalized infection) 5. Neurogenic shock (loss of nervous control of the vascular system) 6. Cardiogenic shock (heart malfunctions) NON-VASCULAR SHOCK In addition to the six types of shock related to the vascular system there are two other types that are non-vascular in nature. 1. Respiratory shock (severe chest injury or obstruction of the airway) 2. Anaphylactic shock (a violent reaction to a substance, e.g. allergic reaction to a drug, bee sting, etc.) SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK 1. Confused behavior 2. Very fast or very slow pulse 3. Very fast of very slow breathing 4. Cool and moist skin 5. Pale or bluish skin, lips or fingernails 6. Trembling and weakness in the arms and legs 7. Enlarged pupils LAY VICTIM ON BACK If you do not suspect leg fractures, head or neck injuries, lay the victim flat on their back and elevate their feet approximately 8 to 12 inches. IF HEAD OR NECK INJURY If you suspect head or neck injuries, keep the victim lying flat on their back (do not elevate the feet). If there are any doubts in your mind whether or not the injury is to the head or neck, keep them lying flat. Do not move the victim of a head or neck injury unless their life is in immediate danger due to an approaching fire, possible explosion, etc. In that case, move the victim only as far as is obviously necessary to protect their life and do so without bending or twisting their body. IF VICTIM STARTS TO VOMIT If the shock victim starts to vomit, place the victim on his/her side so that the fluids will drain from the mouth and not block the airway. TROUBLE BREATHING If the shock victim has trouble breathing, the shock position should be a semi-reclining position. This can be accomplished using blankets, pillows, etc. to raise the victims head and back. MAINTAIN NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE It is important in caring for all shock victims that you try to maintain their normal body temperature. Keep them warm enough on a cold day and cool enough on a hot day to accomplish this.|sElevate the feet 8 to 12 inches if there are no head or neck injuries suspected. Otherwise, keep them laying flat.|tContact medical help immediately.|ГMonitor circulation and breathing.|wIf the victim has trouble breathing, place them in a semi laying or inclined sitting position.|uIf the victim vomits, place them on their side.|vMaintain normal body temperature. In cold weather, cover with a blanket, etc. In warm weather, remove or loosen clothing as necessary.|јIf breathing stops, begin rescue breathing. If the heart stops, begin C.P.R.|Nose bleeds can be the result of a number of different things to include: head, back or neck injuries; high blood pressure; heavy exercises; changes in altitude; etc. RELATED TO NECK/HEAD INJURY If the nose bleed appears to be the result of a neck, head or back injury, do not try to control the bleeding. Instead, stabilize head or neck and keep the victim from moving until medical help arrives.|ЃStabilize the head, or neck and do not try to control the bleeding.|tContact emergency medical help immediately.|Nose bleeds can be the result of a number of different things to include: head, back or neck injuries; high blood pressure; heavy exercises; changes in altitude; etc. NOT RELATED TO NECK/HEAD INJURY If the nose bleed does not appear to be the result of a head, neck or back injury, have the victim remain quiet (sit down) and pinch the nose shut while leaning a bit forward.|›Remain quiet, pinch nose shut, lean forward a bit until bleeding stops.|EYE INJURY SYMPTOMS 1. Something obviously visible, a foreign body, e.g. dirt, wood etc. 2. Redness 3. Burning sensation 4. Tears 5. Headache 6. Pain FIRST AID 1. Do not rub the eyes. 2. Wash your hands before you begin first aid. 3. If the foreign object is loosely floating on the surface of the eye, pull the upper eyelid down over the lower eyelid. 4. If the eyelid method does not work, tape a dressing loosely over both eyes and see your doctor.|kPull upper eyelid down over lower eyelid.|lIf eyelid method fails, loosely bandage both eyes and seek medical attention.|EYE INJURY SYMPTOMS 1. Something obviously visible, a foreign body, e.g. dirt, wood etc. 2. Redness 3. Burning sensation 4. Tears 5. Headache 6. Pain FIRST AID 1. Do not rub the eyes. 2. If a foreign body has penetrated the eyeball, do not remove it yourself. Place something like a paper cup over the injured eye (hollow end over the eye) and tape it into place. Also wrap the uninjured eye to reduce eye movement of the injured eye.|nDo not remove the penetrating object from the eye. Bandage so as not to disturb the penetrating object. Bandage uninjured eye loosely and seek medical attention.|EYE INJURY SYMPTOMS 1. Something obviously visible, a foreign body, e.g. dirt, wood etc. 2. Redness 3. Burning sensation 4. Tears 5. Headache 6. Pain FIRST AID 1. Do not rub the eyes. 2. Wash your hands before you begin first aid. 3. If the eye injury is the result of a chemical, wash the eye immediately with running water for at least 15 to 30 minutes. Tilt the victims head sideways (over a sink) and rinse from the side of the eye closest to the nose. Then wrap the eyes loosely and see your doctor.|mRinse with running water for 15 to 30 minutes.|lBandage both eyes loosely and seek medical attention.|SPRAINS Sprains are the result of damaged (torn or stretched) blood vessels, ligaments and tendons around body joints, e.g. elbows, ankles, etc.. The symptoms of a sprain include tenderness, discoloration, swelling and pain at the injured joint. STRAINS Strains are muscles that have been either torn or stretched (usually in the area of the back muscles). The symptoms of a strain can include swelling, sharp pain and stiffness. FRACTURES Fractures are broken bones and are classified as either being "open" or "closed". An "open" fracture (compound) is a broken bone that penetrates the surface of the skin. A "closed" fracture (simple) is a broken bone that does not penetrate through the skin. All fractures, either open or closed run the risk of having caused internal injury and may lead to shock. The symptoms of a fracture can include obvious deformities, pain, bruising, swelling, tenderness, grating sensation and inability to move the injured part. DISLOCATIONS Dislocations are injuries to the ligaments of a joint. The injured ligaments may result in displacing the bond ends so that the result is extremely painful. The symptoms of a dislocation include deformity, swelling, pain, restricted or loss of movement and tenderness. REASONS TO SPLINT INJURY A. Immobilize the injured area. B. Prevent further damage. C. Reduce pain. D. Reduce the chance of dangerous bleeding. E. Preclude a closed fracture from becoming an open fracture. SPLINTING PRECAUTIONS A. Do not try to straighten out a deformity or dislocation. Splint the injury in the position you find it. B. Splint only if you can without causing further pain or damage. C. Splint the injured area so as to immobilize the joints directly above and below the injury. D. Check to make sure the splint has not restricted circulation.|ѓDo not try to straighten out the deformity.|„Immobilize the injured limb.|…Make sure the splint does not stop the circulation.|†If the injury is not an open fracture, apply an ice pack to reduce swelling.|sIf necessary, treat for shock.|Because mouths of animals and people are full of bacteria, there is a very high risk of infection. Therefore, you need to check and make sure your tetanus immunizations are current. Some of the signs and symptoms of these types of bites may include: 1. Pain or tenderness 2. Heat 3. Redness 4. Swelling 5. Pus beneath the skin or on the wound 6. Red streaks leading from the wound 7. Swollen lymph glands FIRST AID 1. If the wound is not bleeding heavily, wash the wound with soap and water and apply a clean dressing and bandage. 2. If the wound is bleeding heavily, do not try to clean it. Control the bleeding and apply a clean dressing and bandage. 3. Seek medical assistance right away. *NOTE: If you live in an area where animals have been known to carry rabies and you believe that the victim was bitten by an infected animal, seek medical attention right away. Additionally, notify the animal control authorities so they can attempt to capture the animal for evaluation.|‡If not bleeding heavily, wash with soap and water.|€If bleeding heavily, do not wash, but control the bleeding (see external bleeding)|fApply a clean dressing and bandage.|tSeek medical attention right away.|TYPES OF POISONOUS SNAKES There are approximately 150 species of snakes in the United States out of which only four are poisonous: 1. Rattlesnake 2. Copperhead 3. Cottonmouth (water moccasin) 4. Coral Snake WHEN/WHERE SNAKE BITES OCCUR Most snake bites occur between April and October and are concentrated in only a few of the states with Texas leading in the number of bites. The other states that are considered high snake bite areas are: Mississippi, Louisiana, West Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, Oklahoma and Georgia. IDENTIFYING A SNAKE BITE The characteristics of a poisonous snake bite include two small puncture wounds (approximately 1/2 inch apart), discoloration, burning pain and swelling. NOTE: The Coral Snake will not have the two puncture wounds like the other poisonous snakes. Non-poisonous snakes can also cause bites and will usually look like horseshoe shaped tooth pattern. FIRST AID 1. Keep the victim in a supine position and keep them quiet. 2. Clean the bite area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic. 3. Wrap a soft rubber tube around the extremity just above and below the fang marks. Be careful not to make the constriction band so tight as to cut off circulation (in other words - do not make a tourniquet). 4. Immobilize the extremity with a splint. 5. Do not give anything by mouth, especially alcohol. 6. If the victim starts to vomit it may be the result of fear and anxiety rather from the toxin itself. 7. If the bite is on the victim's trunk, constriction bands and splinting will not be possible so keep the victim supine and quiet. 8. Watch for signs of shock. 9. Get medical attention immediately. *NOTE: If possible, kill the snake and take it with you for identification.|ЂKeep victim quiet and laying down.|‡Clean the bite with soap and water.|‰If possible, place a constriction band just above and below the bite. (not possible if the bite was on the body trunk)|ЉImmobilize the extremity.|•Do not give anything by mouth.|sIf necessary treat for shock.|tContact medical help immediately.|Beyond the fact that insect bites or stings are irritating and sometimes painful to someone who is allergic to them, they can be life threatening. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bite or sting may include: 1. Pain 2. Redness or discoloration 3. Hives 4. Itching 5. Throat swelling 6. Difficult or noisy breathing 7. Decreased consciousness 8. Possible shock FIRST AID 1. Remove the stinger with tweezers or by scraping it with something. Do not squeeze the stinger because that may inject more venom into the victim. 2. Wash well with soap and water. 3. Cover wound with an ice pack to help reduce swelling and pain. 4. If possible, position the bite/sting area below the level of the heart to help slow down the flow of venom. 5. Watch for signs of an allergic reaction and be prepared to treat or prevent shock.|ЊRemove stinger.|‡Wash injured area.|†Apply ice pack.|ЌIf possible, position the injured area below heart level.|ЋWatch for signs of an allergic reaction.|Insulin shock occurs when the blood stream contains excessive amounts of the hormone insulin causing a rapid reduction of the sugar available in the blood. Insulin shock can be triggered by taking too much medication, failing to eat, heavy exercise and emotional stress. SYMPTOMS OF INSULIN SHOCK The symptoms of insulin shock include fast pulse and breathing, dizziness, sweating, headache, vision problems, changes in the level of consciousness, hunger, weakness and numbness of the hands or feet. FIRST AID 1. In a diabetic emergency, if the victim is conscious, give them sugar. Either in the form of candy, juice, fruit, etc., there should be enough innate sugar to quickly get sugar into the blood stream for someone suffering from insulin shock. If the victim is suffering from diabetic coma, the extra sugar will not cause further harm. 2. If the victim is unconscious, monitor their breathing and pulse and be prepared to give CPR, if necessary. 3. Seek medical attention immediately.|ЏIf victim is conscious, give them sugar (candy, juice, fruit, etc.)|•If the victim is unconscious, do not try to give anything by mouth.|ГMonitor breathing and pulse. If necessary, begin C.P.R.|tSeek medical attention right away.|Diabetic coma occurs when there is an insufficient amount of insulin in the blood and cell malnutrition occurs. Diabetic coma can be triggered by consuming too much sugar, not taking prescribed medication, stress and infection. SYMPTOMS OF DIABETIC COMA The symptoms of diabetic coma include drowsiness, confusion, thirst, fever, deep fast breathing, dehydration, changes in the level of consciousness and a sweet or fruity-smelling breath. FIRST AID 1. In a diabetic emergency, if the victim is conscious, give them sugar. Either in the form of candy, juice, fruit, etc., there should be enough innate sugar to quickly get sugar into the blood stream for someone suffering from insulin shock. If the victim is suffering from diabetic coma, the extra sugar will not cause further harm. 2. If the victim is unconscious, monitor their breathing and pulse and be prepared to give CPR, if necessary. 3. Seek medical attention immediately.|ГMonitor breathing and pulse. If necessary, begin C.P.R.|tSeek immediate medical attention.|A stroke is, quite simply, a condition where the blood flow to the brain is interrupted long enough to cause serious damage to the brain. CAUSES OF STROKE 1. Compression of an artery in the brain, possibly due to a brain tumor. 2. Thrombus or embolism. The most common cause for these is a blood clot that is either formed in an artery in the brain or a blood clot that develops elsewhere in the body and is carried to the brain via the blood stream. 3. Ruptured artery in the brain that may have been caused by high blood pressure, head injury, aneurysm (weak spot on the wall of a blood vessel) or atherosclerosis (fat deposits on the inside lining of a blood vessel). SYMPTOMS 1. Weakness and numbness of the arm, leg or face (usually only on one side). 2. Dizziness 3. Confusion 4. Headache 5. Ringing ears 6. Unequal sized pupils 7. Difficulty speaking 8. Unconsciousness 9. Shallow, difficult breathing 10. Loss of bladder and bowel control FIRST AID 1. Keep the victim calm. 2. Let the victim find a comfortable breathing position. 3. Do not give anything by mouth. 4. If the victim vomits, lay on side so the fluids can drain. 5. Seek medical help immediately.|‚Keep victim calm.|wLet the victim find a comfortable breathing position.|•Do not give anything by mouth.|uIf victim vomits, lay them on their side to keep the airway clear.|tContact medical help immediately.|Seizures are essentially quite common and may be caused by a number of problems to include: insulin shock, high fever, drug reactions, head injury and viral infections of the brain. Seizures that have no underlying cause may be said to be epilepsy. SYMPTOMS 1. Involuntary movements 2. Brief blackouts 3. Confusion 4. Sudden falls 5. Convulsions 6. Rigidity 7. Loss of consciousness 8. Loss of bowel and bladder control 9. Occasionally breathing will stop temporarily. PRE-WARNING SIGNS Some people who experience seizures can experience an aura (sensation) before they actually have the seizure. The sensation can include: 1. Abdominal pain 2. Numbness 3. A strange taste in the mouth 4. Visual and sound hallucinations 5. An urgency to move to safety FIRST AID 1. Remove things from around victim that might cause them harm (chairs, lamps, equipment, etc.) 2. Do NOT put anything between the teeth. 3. Do NOT try to hold or restrain the victim. 4. Loosen clothing. 5. Roll the victim on his/her side if they vomit. 6. When seizure subsides, stay with victim and reassure.|ђRemove from around the victim things that may cause harm.|ЂLoosen restrictive clothing, but do not try to restrain the victim.|uIf the victim starts to vomit, roll them on to their side to keep the airway clear.|ЂWhen the seizure subsides, stay with the victim and offer reassurance until they recover.|Heat stroke can be fatal. Heat stroke is caused when the body's cooling system (sweating) shuts down. When this happens the body temperature can rise so high the result is brain damage and death. SYMPTOMS 1. Hot, red skin 2. Very small pupils 3. Very high body temperature (may be as high as 105 degrees) 4. Dry skin FIRST AID 1. Get the victim out of the heat. 2. Cool the victim by putting them in a cool bath or wrap wet towels around their body and fan them. 3. Watch for symptoms of shock. 4. Give nothing by mouth. 5. Seek medical aid immediately.|‘Get the victim out of the heat.|’Cool the victim down using a cool bath, wet towels, or fan them.|“Watch for symptoms of shock and treat if necessary.|•Give nothing by mouth.|tSeek immediate medical attention.|Heat cramps are generally the result of a loss of water and salt from the body from heavy sweating. The symptoms may include muscular pains and spasms usually located in the abdominal or leg muscles. FIRST AID 1. Get the victim out of the heat. 2. If appropriate, give the victim approximately one half glass of water every 15 minutes.|‘Get victim out of the heat.|”If appropriate, give water.|Heat exhaustion is less dangerous than heat stroke and is generally caused when working or exercising on a warm, humid day. Heat exhaustion occurs when body fluids are lost through profuse sweating. This results in a reduced blood flow to the body's vital organs and results in a form of shock. SYMPTOMS 1. Cool, pale, moist skin 2. Heavy sweating 3. Dilated pupils 4. Nausea 5. Dizziness 6. Headache 7. Vomiting *NOTE: The body temperature will remain nearly normal. FIRST AID 1. Get the victim out of the heat. 2. Put the victim in the shock position. (Lying on their back with their feet elevated.) 3. Remove or loosen clothing. 4. Cool the victim with wet, cool towels, etc., and fan them. 5. Watch for symptoms of shock. 6. Give the victim approximately one half glass of water every 15 minutes or so if they are not unconscious. 7. Improvement should result in about one half hour.|‘Get victim out of the heat.|sPut the victim in the shock position.|‚Remove or loosen clothing and cool with fan, wet towels, etc.|љWatch for symptoms of shock.|”If the victim IS CONSCIOUS, give water.|Frostbite occurs when parts of the body exposed to freezing temperatures begin to freeze. The freezing of the tissues, usually the ears, nose, cheeks, chin, toes and fingers, results in a decreased blood flow to the frozen areas. SYMPTOMS 1. In mild frostbite, the skin will appear to be white or grayish. 2. The skin will feel hard. 3. In moderate frostbite, blisters will form on the surface of the skin and possibly in the underlying tissues. 4. In severe frostbite, the freezing goes beyond the outer layers of skin and involves freezing of the underlying tissues. In cases of severe frostbite, the loss of blood to the injured area may result in gangrene. FIRST AID 1. Get the victim out of the cold. 2. Put the frostbitten part in warm water (100-150 degrees) but not in hot water. 3. For toes and fingers, after warming, put dry gauze between them. Do not rub or massage them. 4. Loosely bandage. 5. If the frozen part thaws then refreezes, warm the refrozen part at room temperature.|–Put frostbitten part in WARM water.|—Toes and fingers. Put dry gauze between them.|Bandage loosely. If the frozen part refreezes, warm the refrozen part at room temperature.|STAGES OF HYPOTHERMIA Hypothermia can be deadly and is the result of exposure to severe cold. Hypothermia progresses through stages that, if left unchecked, will ultimately result in death. The following is the sequence of stages a victim will go through in hypothermia: 1. Shivering 2. Apathy 3. Loss of consciousness 4. Decreasing pulse rate 5. Decreased breathing rate 6. Death *NOTE: As the victim progresses through the stages of hypothermia they may look as if they might be somewhat inebriated. Moving clumsily and a general loss of coordination may eventually lead to stop in shivering. FIRST AID 1. Get the victim out of the cold and into warm, dry clothing. 2. Warm the body slowly. 3. Give the victim nothing to eat or drink unless they are fully conscious.|vGet victim out of the cold and into warm, dry clothing. Warm body slowly.|•Give nothing to eat or drink unless the victim is fully conscious.|Note: CPR should only be performed by those trained in the proper procedures. CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is the combination of rescue breathing and external chest compression. External chest compression is the rhythmical compression of the heart and is designed to provide artificial circulation in order to restore the heartbeat and keep the blood flowing the brain and other organs of the body until the heart begins to beat normally again. The heart is located between the breastbone and the spine. In CPR pressure on the breastbone pushes the heart against the spine, thus forcing the blood out of the heart and into the arteries. Release of pressure allows the heart to refill with blood. The rescue breathing between the sets of compressions in CPR provide the victim with the oxygen they need in order to survive, while the compressions actually move the oxygen throughout the body via the circulating blood. Note: Once you begin CPR never interrupt the procedure for more than 7 seconds. For the purpose of emergency first aid there are three types of CPR: Adult, child, and infant. While the principals are basically the same, the techniques vary based on the victims size and the underlying causes of the emergency. In terms of the basic principals of CPR, a victim is generally considered an infant if they are less than one year of age; considered a child if they are between one year and eight years of age; and over eight years of age an adult.|ДLay person on back. Tilt head back, and listen and feel for breathing.|БGive two slow, deep breaths (1.5 seconds each).|ГCheck for pulse on side of neck.|јPush down on chest 1.5-2 inches 15 times every 9 to 11 seconds (at a rate of 80-100 times per minute). After 15 compressions continue to alternate 2 breaths and 15 compressions until medical help arrives.|The first thing to do is remove the victim from the water in any way possible. If the victim is conscious, use something other than your hands to pull the victim from the water. Panicked victims may grab the rescuer and pull them down. The best way is to use a rope, piece of clothing, etc. and tow them to safety. If the victim is unconscious, it is extremely important that you begin rescue breathing right away and if necessary, even before the victim is removed from the water. Note: If you suspect a head, back, or neck injury, be careful not to move the victim in such a manner as to cause additional injury. Keep the head, neck and back aligned. Rescue breathing for someone suspect of this type of injury should be done with the victim laying flat and without moving their head forward, backward, or side-to-side. Because most drowning victims do not aspirate much water, it is unnecessary to try and remove water from the victims lungs before you begin rescue breathing. If during the rescue breathing, as you frequently check the victims pulse, the heart stops, begin CPR immediately. Remember, while rescue breathing can be successfully accomplished while the victim is still in the water, CPR requires a firm flat surface for the chest compressions. EVERY drowning victim, even those that recover spontaneously or require minimal resuscitation, need to be transported to the nearest medical facility immediately--death has occurred even after such recoveries. Note: In situations where the victim has been submerged in very cold water successful resuscitations have been accomplished in some cases to those that have been under water 30 minutes or more.|™Remove the victim from the water.|ДOpen airway.|БGive two slow breaths.|ВIf you cannot get air into victims lungs, give abdominal thrusts (6-10 thrusts)|БOpen airway and give two more breaths. Repeat step 4 if lungs do not fill with air.|ГMonitor the victims pulse (do so for a full 10 seconds). If the pulse stops, begin C.P.R.|tEven if the victim recovers, seek medical attention immediately.|Choking, an airway obstruction that blocks breathing, can be caused by a number of situations that can include: food or some other solid object blocking the airway; the victims own tongue blocking the airway; or possibly even fluids as in the case of ones own vomit blocking the airway. There are basically two classifications of airway obstruction: partial and complete obstruction. Partial obstruction can be characterized by wheezing between breaths and the ability to forcefully cough the obstruction from the airway, or an inability to forcefully cough the obstruction away. In the case of the latter, where the victim is incapable of forceful coughing, you may hear a high pitched noise as the victim attempts to breathe. In this case, treat this partial obstruction as a complete obstruction. (Note: If the victim is able to vigorously cough, do not attempt to intervene with the Heimlich maneuver. However, if it becomes obvious that their coughing ability is becoming progressively weaker be prepared to intervene.) Complete obstruction is characterized by the victims inability to cough, speak, or breathe. If this occurs the victim may grab their throat with one or both hands, (also regarded as the universal distress sig nal for choking), and may quickly begin to lose consciousness. Begin first aid immediately.|ЅRecognize choking signs. Do nothing if person is coughing, talking or breathing.|ѕHug person from rear around the waist. Make a fist and place the thumb side against the stomach just above the naval.|їPull fist upward into victim's stomach with a quick upward thrust. Repeat until obstruction is cleared or victim becomes unconscious.|АIf victim becomes unconscious, lay on back and check airway with index finger.|БGive two slow, deep breaths (1.5 seconds each).|ВGive 6-10 upward stomach thrusts.|ГCheck for pulse on side of neck.|јIf no pulse, begin CPR.|The application of medication by means of a skin patch is referred to as "transdermal" administration. These patches are constructed so that the medication (contained within the upper layers of the patch) seep through a specially designed membrane on the surface of the skin. From here, the medication continues to seep, this time through the layers of the skin, into the capillary bed where it enters the blood stream. Skin patches are adhesive backed and are applied by firmly pressing them to your skin. (Note: specific body locations are recommended by the manufacturer or prescribed by your doctor). Generally, sites can be rotated to minimize skin irritation caused by the adhesive backing but should be placed on areas of the skin where hair growth is minimal.|Nasal drops are administered topically. (The term "topical" refers to a medication that is applied to a particular part of the body by local application.) The most common use of nasal drops are for the treatment of nasal congestion, often caused by infections or allergy. Nasal decongestants work by constricting the small blood vessels in the delicate mucous membrane that make up the lining of the nose, that when inflamed, cause the familiar swelling and excess mucus production. Application of nasal drops is most effective when excess mucus is first gently blown from the nostrils. Then, ideally, laying on your back with your chin pointing directly up toward the ceiling, insert the dropper inside the nostril (never more than 1/3 of an inch) and release the prescribed amount into each nostril. The most effective application will result if the medication comes in contact with the tissue at the back of the nose known as the nasopharynx.|Eye Drops are administered topically. (The term topically refers to medication that is applied to a particular part of the body by local application.) Medications that are administered in the form of eye drops are used to treat such conditions as infection, glaucoma, and conjunctivitis (also known as pinkeye). To successfully administer eye drops, the eye should first be cleaned, removing as much discharge as possible. Then, with the head tilted back, gently pull down on the area just below the eye so as to open the eye wider, (this action opens an area of the eye known as the conjuctival sac) and apply the medication. Once the medication has been administered, tearing can be prevented if you apply a small amount of pressure (with a clean finger) to the inside corner of the eye.|The advantage of medications administered in the form of anal suppositories is their usefulness in treating small children or patients who are unconscious or vomiting. Generally, bullet shaped for ease of insertion, suppositories are designed to release medication as they are warmed by the body's internal heat. The draw back of this form of administration is that the absorption of the drug into the body is basically unreliable due to factors that include the content of the rectum and the ability of the suppository to stay in place long enough to completely dissolve. To successfully administer a suppository, the tapered end of the suppository should be positioned at the entrance of the anus. Insertion is accomplished by pushing the suppository one finger length into the rectum, (for enough to pass through the anal sphincter). Once inserted, the suppository should remain in the rectum for at least 30 minutes .|Vaginal suppositories are designed for ease of insertion. Generally bullet-shaped, they are made of a material that easily dissolves in the warm environment of the inner body. To successfully administer a vaginal suppository, the tapered end of the suppository should be positioned at the entrance of the vaginal orifice. Insertion with a finger (or applicator) at least two inches into the vagina.|There area basically four prevalent types of injections (1) intradermal; (2) subcutaneous; (3) intravenous; and (4) intramuscular. The advantages of this type of administration are the speed at which the drug is absorbed into the body and the ability to bypass certain barriers. These barriers might include a drug inability to pass through the walls of the intestinal tract into the blood stream or its deactivation in the stomach by stomach acid.|Ear drops are administered topically. (The term topically refers to medication that is applied to a particular part of the body by local application.) Medications that are administered in the form of ear drops are used to treat such conditions as fungal and bacterial infections. An example of this is a condition known as otitis media, a middle ear infection common in young children, that can produce severe pain and possible hearing loss when untreated. To successfully administer ear drops, it is best to enlist the help of another. Laying on your side, affected ear up, gently pull upward, and slightly to the rear, on the upper portion of the outer ear (pinna). At this point, insert the top of the dropper into the entrance of the ear canal (external auditory canal (meatus) and release the medication. A gentle massage of the ear just outside the ear (near the cheek bone) for about 30 seconds will help move the medication down the ear canal to the ear drum (tympanic membrane). Note: Warming of the medication to body temperature before administration can prevent dizziness.|Before using an ointment or a cream, particularly if its been in the medicine chest for some time, check the container to see if the medication is hardened, discolored, or has separated. If the medication comes in a tube and the tube has been around for a while, check to make sure that the tube is not cracked or leaking. In either case, the medication should be disposed of and your doctor notified so that a new prescription can be authorized. Topical medications should be applied sparingly in thin layers unless otherwise specified. When applying creams and ointments, it is best to use a sterile (disposable) glove to remove the medication from the container to avoid contamination. Some creams and ointments should not be applied to broken or infected skin. Consult with your doctor if you are unsure.|Atropine and Phenobarbital Commissioner Department of Mental Health & Mental Retardation 200 Interstate Park Drive P.O. Box 3710 Montgomery, Alabama 36193 (205) 271-9209|Coordinator City Bureau of Alcohol Counseling Department of Health and Social Services Pouch H-05F Juneau, Alaska 99811-0607 (907) 586-1470|Manager Drug Abuse Section Department of Health Services Division of Behavioral Health Services 2122 East Highland Phoenix, Arizona 85008 (602) 381-8995|Director Office on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention 400 Donaghey Plaza North P.O. Box 1437 Little Rock, AR 72201 (501) 682-6656|Director Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs 1700 K Street Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 445-0834|Director Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division Department of Health 4300 Cherry Creek South Drive Denver, CO 80222 (303) 692-2930|Executive Director Dept. of Public Health and Addiction Services 999 Asylum Avenue Third Floor Hartford, CT 06105 (203) 566-4145|Chief Bureau of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse 1901 North DuPont Highway Newcastle, DE 19720 (302) 577-4460|Chief Health Planning and Development 1875 Connecticut Avenue N.W. Suite 823 Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 673-7481|Director Drug Abuse Program 1317 Winewood Blvd. Building 6, Room 156 Tallahassee, FL 32301 (904) 488-0900|Director Alcohol and Drug Section Division of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse Department of Human Resources 47 Trinity Ave. Atlanta, GA 30309 (404) 657-6407|Branch Chief Alcohol and Drug Abuse Branch Department of Health 1270 Queen Emma Street Room 706 Honolulu, HI 96801 (808) 586-4007|Director Bureau of Substance Abuse Department of Health and Welfare 450 West State Street Boise, ID 83720 (208) 334-5935|Director Department of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Suite 5-600 100 West Randolph Street Chicago, IL 60610 (312) 814-3840|Director Department of Mental Health 117 East Washington Street Indianapolis, IN 46204 (317) 232-7816|Director Iowa Division of Substance Abuse and Health Promotion 320 East 12th Street Des Moines, Iowa (515)281-3641|Commissioner Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services 2700 West Sixth Street Biddle Building Topeka, KS 66606 (913) 296-3925|Manager Substance Abuse Division Health Building-1E 275 East Main Street Frankfort, KY 40621 (502) 564-2880|Director Department of Health and Hospitals Office of Prevention and Recovery from Alcohol and Drug Abuse 1201 Capital Access Road Baton Rouge, LA 70806 (504) 342-9500|Director Office of Alcohol and Drug Education Augusta, ME 04333 (207) 624-6500|Director Alcohol and Drug Abuse Administration 201 West Preston Street Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 225-6910|Director Division of Alcoholism and Drug Rehabilitation 150 Tremont Street 6th Floor Boston, MA 02111 (617) 727-8617|Director Office of Substance Abuse Services Department of Public Health P.O. Box 30195 Lansing, MI 48909 (517) 335-8810|Director Chemical Dependency Program Division Department of Human Services 444 Layfayette Road St. Paul, MN 51555 (612) 296-4610|Director Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Department of Mental Health Robert E. Lee Bldg. Jackson, MS 39201 (601) 359-1288|Director Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Department of Mental Health 1915 Southridge Drive P.O. Box 687 Jefferson City, MO 65102 (314) 751-4942|Administrator Alcohol and Drug Abuse Division Department of Institutions 1539- 11th Avenue Helena, MT 59620 (406) 444-4423|Director Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Department of Public Institutions P.O. Box 94728 Lincoln, NE 68509 (402) 471-2851|Chief Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Department of Human Resources 505 East King Street Carson City, NV 89710 (702) 687-4790|Director Office of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Health and Welfare Building 6 Hazen Drive Concord, NH 03301-6525 (603) 271-6100|Director Division of Narcotic and Drug Abuse Control Department of Health CN 362 Trenton, NJ 08625 (609) 292-5760|Chief Substance Abuse Bureau Behavioral Health Services Division Santa Fe, NM 87504-0968 (505) 827-2601|Assistant Director Division of Substance Abuse Services Executive Park South Box 8200 Albany, NY 12203 (518) 457-7629|Deputy Director Alcohol and Dug Abuse Services Division of Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Substance Abuse Services 325 North Salisbury Street Raleigh, NC 27611 (919) 733-4670|Director Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Department of Human Services State Capitol, Judicial Wing Bismarck, ND 58501 (701) 224-2769|Chief Bureau of Dug Abuse 170 North High Street 3rd Floor Columbus, OH 43215 (614) 466-7893|Director Alcohol and Drug Programs Department of Mental Health 1200 North East 13th Oklahoma City, Ok 73152 (405) 271-8653|Associate Administrator State Alcohol and Drug Programs Office 1178 Chemeketa, NE Salem Salem, OR 97301 (503) 378-2163|Deputy Secretary Drug and Alcohol Programs Department of Health P.O. Box 90 Harrisburg, PA 17108 (717) 783-8200|Assistant Director Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Hospitals Division of Substance Abuse Substance Abuse Administration Bldg. Cranston, RI 02920 (401) 464-2091|Director South Carolina Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Suite 300 3700 Forest Drive Columbia, SC 29204 (803) 734-9520|Director Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Joe Foss Building Room 125 523 East Capitol Street Pierre, SD 57501-3182 (605) 773-3123|Assistant Commissioner Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation Doctor's Building 4th Floor 706 Church Street Nashville, TN 37219-5393 (615) 741-1921|Director Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention Department 710 Brazos Austin, TX 78701 (512) 867-8700|Director Division of Alcoholism and Drugs 120 North 200 West, 4th Floor P.O. Box 4550 Salt Lake City, Utah 84145-0500 (801) 538-3939|Director Office of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs 103 South Main Street Waterbury, VT 05676 (802) 241-2170|Assistant Commissioner Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Substance Abuse 109 Governor Street Richmond, VA 23219 (804) 786-3906|Director Bureau of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Department of Social and Health Services Mail Stop OB44W Olympia, WA 98504 (206) 438-8200|Director Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse State Capitol 1800 Washington Street East Charleston, WV 25305 (304) 348-2276|Director Bureau of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 1 West Wilson Street P.O. Box 7851 Madison, WI 53707 (608) 266-2717|Director Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs 350 Hathaway Building Cheyenne, WY 82002-0710 (307) 777-7116|Phoenix Field Division One North First Street, Suite 201 Phoenix, AZ 85004 (602) 261-4866|Los Angeles Field Division Suite 800 350 Los Angeles, CA 90071 (213) 894-2650|San Diego Field Division 402 West 35th Street National City, CA 92050 (619) 585-4200|San Francisco Field Division Room 12215 450 Golden Gate Avenue P.O. Box 36035 San Francisco, CA 94102 (415) 556-6771|Denver Field Division 721-19th Street, Room 316 Denver, CO (303) 844-3951|Washington Field Division Room 2558 400-6th Street S.W. Washington, D.C. 20024 (202) 724-7834|Miami Field Division 8400 N.W. 53rd Street Miami, FL 33166 (305) 591-4870|Atlanta Field Division Richard B. Russell Federal Building 75 Spring Street S.W. Room 740 Atlanta, GA 30303 (404) 331-4401|Chicago Field Division 500 Dirksen Federal Building 219 South Dearborn Street Chicago, IL 60604 (312) 353-7875|New Orleans Division 1661 Canal Street Suite 2200 New Orleans, LA 70112 (504) 589-3894|Boston Field Division Room G-64 JFK Federal Building Boston,MA 02203 (617) 565-2800|Detroit Field Division 357 Federal Building 231 West Lafayette Detroit, MI 48223 (313) 226-7290|St. Louis Field Division 7911 Forsythe Blvd. Suite 500 United Missouri Bank Bldg. St. Louis, MO 63105 (314) 425-3241|Newark Field Division 970 Broad Street 806 Federal Office Building Newark, NJ 07102 (201) 645-6060|New York Field Division 555 West 57th Street, Suite 1900 New York, NY 10019 (212) 399-5151|Philadelphia Field Division 10224 William J. Green Federal Bldg. 600 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 (215) 597-9530|Dallas Field Division 1880 Regal Row Dallas, TX 75235 (214) 767-7151|Houston Field Division 333 West Loop North Suite 300 Houston, TX 77024 (713) 681-1771|Seattle Field Division Suite 301 220 West Mercer Seattle, WA 98119 (206) 442-5443|Changing patterns of performance, appearance, and behavior may signal use of drugs. The items in the first category listed below provide direct evidence of drug use; the items in the other categories offer signs that may indicate drug use; the items in the other categories offer signs that may indicate drug use. Adults should watch for extreme changes in children's behavior, changes that together form a pattern associated with drug use.|* Possession of drug-related paraphernalia such as pipes, rolling papers, small decongestant bottles & film containers, eye drops, or small butane torches. * Possession of drugs or evidence of drugs, such as pills, white powder, small glass vials, or hypodermic needles; peculiar plants or butts, seeds, or leaves in ashtrays or in clothing pockets. * Odor of drugs, smell of incense or other "cover-up" scents.|* Drug-related magazines, slogans on clothing. * Conversation and jokes that are preoccupied with drugs. * Hostility in discussing drugs. * Collection of beer cans.|* Memory lapses, short attention span, difficulty in concentration. * Poor physical coordination, slurred or incoherent speech. * Unhealthy appearance, indifference to hygiene and grooming * Bloodshot eyes, dilated pupils.|* Marked downturn in student's grades--not just from C's to F's but from A's to B's and C's; assignments not completed. * Increased absenteeism or tardiness.|* Chronic dishonesty (lying, stealing, cheating); trouble with the police. * Changes in friends, evasiveness in talking about new ones. * Possession of large amounts of money. * Increasing and inappropriate anger, hostility, irritability, secretiveness. * Reduced motivation, energy, self-discipline, self-esteem. * Diminished interest in extracurricular activities and hobbies.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serio us injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years, not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years, not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not more than 20 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, not more than life. Fine $1 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not more than 30 years. If death or serious injury, life. Fine $2 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not more than 5 years. Fine not more than $250,000, $1 million other than individual.|Not more than 10 years. Fine $500,000 individual, $2 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than indiv idual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Not less than 5 years. Not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $2 million individual, $5 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 10 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years. Not more than life. Fine of not more than $4 million individual, $10 million other than individual.|Not less than 20 years. Not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine of not more than $8 million individual, $20 million other than individual.|Alcohol (Depressant/Sedative)|YThere are a number of types of alcohol that fall into the same class of organic compounds. For example, methyl alcohol, is not fit for human consumption, is similar to the physical properties of ethyl alcohol (the type used in alcoholic beverages) but can result in blindness and death even in relatively small doses. Ethyl alcohol, also known as "grain alcohol" or "ethanol" is the product of fermentation. [Fermentation is the process whereby sugars and starches in plant material, e.g. barley or other grains, are converted to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide by the fungus known as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The ethanol and carbon dioxide produced by the yeasts are in fact the waste products of this process. (Note: the carbon dioxide produced by the yeast is what makes bread rise during the making of bread.)] Ethanol is classified as an anxiolytic drug and has anti-anxiety and sedative effects, both of which are outweighed by its toxic potential. Because ethanol is a central nervous system depressant, it produces sedation and ultimately a hypnotic effect with increased dosage. [Hypnotics are drugs that are sleep inducing agents.] As a depressant, alcohol can produce severe central nervous system depression (that can frequently be fatal) when used with other depressants such as antihistamines and barbiturates. It is important to note that ethyl alcohol is always a central nervous system depressant despite the apparent stimulation that can be observed when low doses are consumed. In small quantities alcohol produces a sense of tranquillity, suppressed anxiety, and euphoria. [Euphoria is a feeling of well-being, vigor, and elevated spirits.] In higher doses, however, the euphoric effect is often reversed and depression (mood) follows. Other behavioral changes, due to the effect alcohol has on the inhibitory centers of the brain, may result in a loss of inhibitions and increased aggressiveness followed by impaired motor and intellectual performance. At concentrations above 460 mg (milligrams) of alcohol per 100 ml (milliliters) of blood, coma and death, due to respiratory depression, can occur. Because ethyl alcohol is a drug that alters behavior it is one that can produce dependence and addiction when used regularly or excessively. Becoming dependent on alcohol usually progresses through 4 stages: (1) tolerance, (being able to consume greater amounts before experiencing the effects); (2) memory lapses, (not being able to fully remember things that happened during the actual drinking episode; (3) loss of control, (not able to contain the need for drinking, and will drink when and where possible); and (4) extended binges of drinking to the point of complete and prolonged intoxication. Additionally, because alcohol is rapidly absorbed into the blood stream (from the stomach and small intestines) it can begin to affect the body (especially the brain because it is extremely sensitive to the effects of alcohol, even low doses) in as little as 30 minutes. (Note: because the liver can only break down (metabolize) about one ounce of alcohol every 60 minutes, one or two drinks can produce inebriation.)|Tobacco (Stimulant)|ZCigarette smoke contains as many as 4,000 chemicals, several of which are known carcinogens (cancer causing). Smoke from tobacco plant (known as Nicotine tobacum) includes such toxic substances as tar, carbon monoxide, and nicotine. Tar, comprised of several thousand various chemicals, includes cancer causing carcinogens such as nitrogen oxide and hydrogen cyanide. Carbon monoxide (the same toxic gas emitted from your car engine) combines with the hemoglobin in the blood stream to form carboxyhemoglobin, a substance that interferes with the body's ability to obtain and utilize oxygen. Nicotine (which has not therapeutic uses) is believed to be the most dangerous substance in tobacco. Nicotine is highly addictive and damaging to many organs of they body. Greater than 90 percent of the nicotine inhaled during smoking is absorbed in the lungs and rapidly enters the cardiovascular system. Additional nicotine absorption occurs through the skin, oral mucosa, and gastrointestinal mucosa. (Note: The acute lethal dose of nicotine is approximately 60 mg, whereas the average cigarette contains 6 to 8 mg. However, nicotine is rapidly metabolized and has a plasma half-life of about 40 minutes. Additionally, tolerance to the toxic effects develops rapidly but damage to the body is cumulative.) Nicotine is a highly lipid-soluble (fat-soluble) substance that easily penetrates cell membranes where it first stimulates, then depresses, the vital medullary and respiratory centers of the brain. [The medullary rhythmicity is the portion of the respiratory center in the medulla that controls the basic rhythm of respiration.] Low doses of nicotine cause ganglionic stimulation, [ Autonomic ganglion make up part of the autonomic nervous system and are readily stimulat ed by nicotine. The autonomic nervous system is that part of the body's overall nervous system that is responsible for control of involuntary bodily functions such as the function of the smooth muscle tissue, glands and the heart.] and, increase mental activity (alertness) because of its influence on the reticular activating system (RAS). [ The RAS is located in the brain stem and controls the level of mental alertness.] Additional effects of low dose nicotine include a feeling of relaxation and to some degree, a sense of euphoria. [ Euphoria is a feeling of well being, vigor and elevated spirits.] High doses, however, cause an initial stimulation followed by ganglionic blockage (because nicotine occupies the chemical receptors on autonomic ganglion normally reserved for and stimulated by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine) and results in lowered blood pressure and a cessation of activity in both the gastrointestinal tract and muscles of the bladder. SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER (Bronchogenic Carcinoma) Many pollutants, especially tobacco smoke, have an irritating effect on the bronchial tubes and the lungs. The effects of this irritation on the bronchial tubes is important to understand because "bronchogenic carcinoma" (a common lung cancer) has its beginning in the walls of the bronchi. The walls that make up the structure of the bronchial tubes are made up of three kinds of cells and a basement membrane, (all three cells are in contact with the basement membrane). The first type of cells are the "columnar" cells. Refered to as "simple columnar (ciliated)", these cells move mucus by ciliary action. The cilia extend upward from the basement membrane and reach the surface of the interior of the bronchial tube (note: the basement membrane is the thin extra cellular layer made up of basal lamina (50 to 80 nm in thickness) and reticular lamina ( a layer of reticular fibers that reinforce the basal lamina). Scattered at intervals between the columnar cells are the second type of cells found in the bronchi. The se cells, known as "goblet" cells and are mucus-secreting. The mucus secreted by these goblet cells (called goblet cells because the upper half of the cell bulges out due to the accumulation of mucus) produces a thin film over the surfaces of the respiratory tract. When foreign particles are inhaled in the mucus traps, the particles and the cilia (from the columnar cells) move the mucus, along with the foreign particles, toward the throat where it is expelled. The third type of cell, "basal" cells, replace worn out columnar cells. Continuous irritation brought on by frequent smoking causes the goblet cells to enlarge and secrete excessive amounts of mucus. In response to this, the basal cells begin to divide very rapidly, pushing into the area normally occupied by the columnar and goblet cells. NOTE: It is believed by some researchers that if the irritation (smoke) is discontinued at this point, the cellular balance in the walls of the bronchi can return to normal. If the irritation is continued after this point, however, the mucus secretion becomes so excessive that the ciliary action of the columnar cells becomes less effective. As a result of this, much of the mucus remains trapped in the bronchial tubes and the smoker develops "smokers cough". As the smoking continues, the alveoli are destroyed and are replaced by thick inelastic connective tissue. [ Alveoli are the site of gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lung. Bronchioles branch into progressively smaller tubes until they become alveolar ducts. Alveolar ducts terminate into clusters of tiny air sacs known as alveoli]. Mucus that has become trapped in the alveoli causes them to rupture, reducing the ability of the lungs to adequately exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. At this point, the smoker now has emphysema. If smoking is discontinued at this point, there is little chance for improvement but further destruction of the lung can be avoided. If smoking is continued after this point, the emphysema gets exceedingly worse, bas al cells continue their rapid division and break through the basement membrane, setting the stage for lung cancer. As columnar and goblet cells disappear there becomes a chance they will be replaced by cancer cells that can spread throughout the lung, blocking bronchial tubes. When this occurs, surgical removal of the diseased lung tissue is often a likely treatment. However, if the cancer metastasizes (spreads) it is often fatal.|Designer Drugs (Analogs)|[Designer drugs that have been designed (illegally) to mimic the effects of drugs that have been banned because of their inherent dangers and propensity for abuse. Disreputable chemists have tried to circumvent the legal restrictions associated with illegal drugs by modifying their molecular structure. There resultant drugs, that are designed to copy the original drugs, are known as "analogs". [The term analog comes from the Latin word analogus, meaning similar or comparable in certain respects, or, similar in function but not in origin and structure.] An outstanding danger with drug analogs (designer drugs) is that they can be several hundred times stronger than the drugs they are designed to imitate and consequently much more dangerous. In addition to analogs of both narcotics and phencyclidine (PCP), analogs of amphetamines and methamphetamines are especially common, e.g. MDMA (ecstasy) and MDEA (eve). Amphetamines, for example, belong to a class of drugs known as psychomotor central nervous system stimulants. Amphetamines promote the release of stored neurotransmitters [Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another, in effect allowing them to transmit information (messages) throughout the body.] such as serotinin, norepinephrine, and dopamine from presynaptic neurons in the central nervous system. It is believed that it is the release of these stored neurotransmitters, especially excessive amounts of dopamine, that may be responsible for altering behavior. Because amphetamines, and their analogs, are stimulants they stimulate various parts of the central nervous system to include; the brain stem, medulla, cortex, and cerebrospinal axis. The effect of this stimulation, and a major reason for its popularity is a marked decrease of fatigue, diminished appetite, insomnia, and increased alertness. However, chronic use of amphetamines results in a condition known as "amphetamine psychosis" and is similar to acute schizophrenic attacks.|Inhalants (Vasodilators & Anesthetics)|\Inhalants, also known as "poppers", "snappers", etc. in street slang, are chemicals that decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Of the various inhalants typically abused, Amyl Nitrite and Butyl Nitrite seem to be the most popular, causing a feeling of disorientation, dizziness, and a sense of weightlessness. In addition to these chemicals, there are a large number of heterogeneous volatile solvents that are commonly used as propellants in aerosol cans, e.g. spray paint, whipped cream containers. These chemicals are pharmacologically similar to ether, chloroform, and alcohol and produce an inebriated condition similar to that induced by alcohol consumption. While physical dependence on nitrites is uncommon, psychological dependence is likely due to the stimulant effect of the drug. Amyl Nitrite was originally used in the treatment of Angina, a condition where the oxygen supply to the heart is insufficient, but has been replaced by safer, longer acting medications. Nitrites belong to a class of drugs known as vasodilators. Vasodilators work by relaxing the muscles that surround the blood vessels, increasing their diameter, thus increasing blood flow and lowering blood pressure. The apparent attraction to those who abuse these drugs (typically children between 7 and 17 years of age) is the rapid feeling of well being and increased energy that it initially provides. However, deeply inhaling the vapors, or using large amounts over a short time, may result in disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousnes s, permanent brain damage, or death due to suffocation. Inhalants displace the oxygen in the lungs or depresses the central nervous system to the point that breathing stops. In addition to inhalants that fall into the vasodilator class there is a chemical known as nitrous oxide, (AKA laughing gas, etc.), that belongs to a class of drugs known as general anesthetics. Therapeutically, this drug, as with other general anesthetics, is used to produce a state of unconsciousness with an absence of the sensation of pain throughout the entire body. In contrast to other central nervous system depressants, such as opiates and hypnotics that affect the release or binding of neurotransmitters [ Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another, in effect, allowing them to transmit information (messages) throughout the body.] in the central nervous system, anesthetics appear to change the physical state of the neural membrane, interfering with its normal function.|Depressants (Anxiolytic & Hypnotic)|]Depressants, also known generically as "downers" in street slang, have been marketed in the United States as far back as 1912. Primarily used in the treatment of insomnia, relief of anxiety, and acute convulsive episodes, these drugs have been highly abused, and account for several thousand accidental and intentional deaths per year. Depressants can be divided into six major categories: Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Methaqualone, Ethchlorynol, Chloral Hydrate, and Meprobamate. Barbiturates, a good illustration, belong to a class of drugs known as "Anxiolytic and Hypnotic drugs. It is believed that the mode of action of barbiturates interferes with sodium and potassium transport across cell membranes. The result of this action is an inhibition of the reticular activating system (RAS) in the brain. The RAS is located in the brain stem and controls the level of mental activity. (Note: Stimulation of the RAS produces wakefulness while inhibition of the RAS produces a sleepful state- Barbiturates inhibit the RAS). Barbiturates cause depression of the central nervous system and can produce effects ranging from mild sedation (a relaxed feeling) to deep coma, and death due to respiratory depression. Basically, barbiturates work by enhancing the actions of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter. (Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another, in effect allowing them to transmit information (messages) throughout the body.) It is believed that GABA promotes inhibition of the central nervous system by hyperpolorizing (making more negative) the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. When barbiturates are taken, the chemical bonds to specific receptors that are located adjacent to GABA receptors. These GABA receptors are juxtaposed (having a common border) with chloride channels. Because barbiturates (as well as benzodiazepines) enhance the action of GABA, GABA retention at the GABA receptor sites cause the chloride channels to open, allowing an increased flow of chloride into the postsynaptic neuron. The result of this action induces sedation, euphoria, mood changes, sleep, and respiratory depression. (Note: High doses can result in cardiovascular depression or death.) Due to the inherent dangers associated with the use of barbiturates (as well as with the drug meprobamate) they have been largely replaced by benzodiazepines.|Narcotics (Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists)|^Narcotics also known as opiates, are potent painkillers that are also used in the treatment of sleeping and intestinal disorders. The term opiates is used to distinguish drugs that are derivatives of opium, e.g. heroin, morphine, codeine, etc. Opium is derived from the opium poppy (Papaver Somniferum) and contains a number of natural alkaloids that are used in many of today's powerful analgesics (painkillers). The term "opioid" is used to refer to those natural or synthetic compounds that produce morphine-like effects. [ Mor phine is extracted from the unripe seed pod of the opium poppy.] Opioids act by binding to specific opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Upioid receptors are a specialized protein receptor found on the surface membrane of specific cells in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. When opiods bind to these receptors they relieve pain and induce a feeling of euphoria. [ Euphoria is a feeling of well-being, vigor, or high spirits]. The highest concentration of opioid receptors are found in the brainstem, medial thalamus, spinal cord, hypothalamus, and limbic system. [The limbic system is the portion of the brain that is involved with various aspects of emotion and behavior. In experimental studies, stimulation of certain areas of the limbic system have produced feelings of intense punishment, while stimulation of other areas of the limbic system have produced feelings of extreme pleasure.] Opioid drugs mimic the actions of three natural chemical messengers produced by the body. These messenger chemicals are known as neuropeptides. While some neuropeptides function as true neurotransmitters, [neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another, in effect allowing them to transmit information throughout the body] most act to temper the response of (or to) a neurotransmitter. The neuropeptides mimicked by the opioids include; enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. Enkephalins (en-kef-a-lins) are the body's natural painkillers and are most abundant in the spinal cord, thalamus, and parts of the limbic system. (The thalamus is the part of the brain where all sensory stimuli (except the sense of smell (olfactory) are received) Enkephalins work by inhibiting nerve impulses in the pain pathway (the neural route a pain stimulus travels to the brain) by binding to the same receptors in the brain as does the drug morphine. Endorphins (en-dor-fins) are a product of the pituitary gland and like enkephalins, have morphine-like properties th at repress pain. A specific endorphin, known as beta-endorphin, is believed to work in conjunction with a neuropeptide known as "substance P". Substance P is found in the spinal cord pathways, sensory nerves, and parts of the brain that have to do with the perception of pain. When this substance is released by nerve cells, it conducts pain impulses from peripheral pain receptors into the central nervous system. It is believed that these specific endorphins produce their painkilling effect by repressing the release of "substance P". Dynophins (from the word dynamis meaning "power") are neuropeptides whose action is 200 times more powerful than beta-endorphins. While the specific functions of this neuropeptide are still unknown, it is believed that it might be a significant factor in repressing pain and registering emotions. To illustrate the action of narcotics (opiods) in relation to their analgesic action, and the propensity of becoming dependent on these drugs, we will look at the drug morphine. When pain receptors are activated (an example would be touching something hot) it generates a nerve impulse that travels from the site of the burn, along sensory pain fibers to the spinal cord, up the lateral spinothalmic tract, along the reticular activating system, and into the thalamus and cerebral cortex. The thalamus generates a crude awareness of pain while the cortex gives us a sharper, more definitive, perception of the pain sensation. When the pain stimulus reaches the cerebral cortex, and activates the pain receptors (also known as opiate receptors), they trigger another set of impulses that send the message "Pain". Soon after this, the pain receptors in the brain are temporarily blocked by the analgesic influence of the body's neuropeptides, e.g. endorphins. Because the analgesic effect of the body's natural painkillers is short lived, it is sometimes medically necessary to prolong the analgesic effect for the good of the patient. When this becomes necessary, the doctor may elect to use the drug morphine. Morphine, being chemically similar to the body's natural painkillers, binds easily to the same pain receptors as do the endorphins and block, for a longer period of time, the pain signals being sent to the brain. The draw back however, it that morphine suppresses the body's production of its own natural painkillers, making the body dependent on the drug for continued relief. Once this dependency for the drug has been established, and is subsequently discontinued, the pain signals are allowed to flow freely without the natural inhibiting effect of the endorphins. This painful transition back to normality is known as drug withdrawal and in the case of morphine includes; painful cramps, runny nose, nausea, listlessness, vomiting, goose flesh, and diarrhea.|Hallucinogenics (psycotomimetic Stimulants) *Includes Cannabis|_Central nervous system stimulants can be grouped into three major categories; Psychomotor stimulants, e.g. cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine, methamphetamines, dextroamphetamines, methylphenidate, etc.; convulsants and respiratory stimulants, e.g. doxapram and nikethamide; and finally psycotomimetic (hallucinogenic) stimulants, e.g. tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP). Hallucinogens, quite simply, are drugs that cause hallucinations. Also known as psychedelic drugs, psycotomimetics have in common the ability to alter sensory perception and normal thought processes. Psycotomimetics produce a mind state similar to psychosis [ Psychosis is a major mental disorder in which the personality is very seriously disorganized and contact with reality is usually impaired] and can evoke wide mood swings, time distortions, and a phenomenon known as "syesthesia", where the senses are distorted to the extent that colors, for example, are perceived to be "tasted" and sounds "seen". An appropriate illustration of the mechanism of action of psycotomimetic is that of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). While the exact mechanism that produces the psychic effects of LSD is unknown at this time, it is believed that its effect centers around its influence at the serotonin receptor sites in the central nervous system. [ Serotonin is a neurotransmitter (chemical messenger between nerve cells) that is thought to be involved in sensory perception, sleep inducement, regulation of body temperature, and mood control]. Many areas of the brain that are heavily influenced by these serotonin producing neurons are associated with the body[s visual and limbic systems. (The limb system is the portion of the brain that is involved with various aspects of emotion and behavior. In experimental studies, stimulation of certain areas of the limbic system have produced feelings of intense punishment, while stimulation of other areas of the limbic system have produced feelings of extreme pleasure] When nerve cells (specific to this action) are activated by a nerve impulse, they normally release the neurotransmitter serotonin (neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses (messages) from one cell to another, in effect allowing them to transmit information throughout the body] From their presynaptic nerve endings. Once released, the neurotransmitters cross a gap (known as a synapse) between the adjacent cells and bind with serotonin receptors on the post synaptic neuron (on the other side of synaptic gap). Because serotonin is an "inhibiting" neurotransmitter [ neurotransmitters can either facilitate, excite, or inhibit postsynaptic neurons.] it decreases the impulse activity of the post synaptic neuron, making it less likely to "fire" when stimulated by other neurotransmitters that work to "excite" the postsynaptic neuron. It is believed that LSD inhibits the presynaptic receptors of the serotonin producing neurons causing a decrease in the ability of serotonin to inhibit the post synaptic neuron. Consequently, the effect of the LSD is that it allows "excitatory" neurotransmitters (normally subdued by the presence of serotonin) to influence the po stsynaptic neuron and increase its propensity for uninhibited "firing". In theory, it is believed that it is this unmodulated influence that may account for the behavioral changes produced by this psychotomimetic drug. Additionally, it is believed that it is the resultant effect of excessive sensory input reaching the cerebral cortex that accounts for the associated visual hallucinations produced by this drug.|Stimulants (psychomotor)|`Central nervous system stimulants can be grouped into three major categories: psychomotor stimulants, e.g. cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine, methamphetamines, dextroamphetamines, methylphenidate, etc.; convulsants and respiratory stimulants, e.g. doxapram and nikethamide; and psycotomimetic stimulants, e.g. tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and phencyclidine (PCP). Psychomotor stimulants are often abused because they produce feelings of euphoria, mental alertness, excitement, and decreased feelings of fatigue and tiredness. In general, stimulants are drugs that temporarily increase the functional activity of specific parts of the body and include; intestinal, cardiac, motor, secretory, respiratory, and nervous system stimulants to name a few. Stimulants that affect the nervous system work by promoting the release of specific chemicals in the brain known as neurotransmitters. [ neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another, in effect allowing them to transmit information (messages) throughout the body] Nervous system stimulants, such as amphetamines, stimulate a portion of the brain known as the reticular activating system (RAS). The RAS is located in the brain stem and controls our state of alertness or consciousness. (Note: Stimulation of the RAS produces wakefulness while inactivation of the RAS produces a sleepful state-Psychomotor stimulants activate the RAS). The RAS can be divided into two primary parts or functions. One part, the "mesencephalic" portion, when stimulated, i nitiates impulses that travel upward through the thalamus and are dispersed to areas throughout the cerebral cortex, resulting in a generalized increase of cortical activity. It is this increased cortical activity that is responsible for maintaining a state of wakefulness. The second part (or function) of the RAS is known as the "thalamic" portion and is responsible for triggering an arousal response that is the physical basis of waking up from a deep sleep. The mechanism of action of amphetamines is a result of its influence on synaptic nerve fibers. Amphetamines promote the release of stored neurotransmitters, of which dopamine is believed to be responsible for altering behavior when released in excessive amounts. Because amphetamines stimulate the brain stem, medulla, cortex, and cerebrospinal axis, the effect is a marked decrease of fatigue, diminished appetite, insomnia, and increased alertness (or wakefulness). Chronic use of amphetamines results in a condition known as "amphetamine psychosis" and is similar to acute schizophrenic attacks. In the case of cocaine, it blocks the absorption, (re-uptake) of some of the neurotransmitters that have been released into the gap (synapse) between pre and post synaptic neurons, back into the presynaptic neuron. The resultant increased concentration in the synapse of these neuralchemicals (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) increases their effect on the central nervous system. Especially significant is the increased effect of dopamine on the body's limbic (or pleasure) system, causing intense euphoria. Continued use however, results in a depletion of dopamine, leaving the user extremely depressed and craving cocaine. The adverse effects associated with prolonged use include acute anxiety, depression, and perforation of the nasal septum.|LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE|_LSD is an abbreviation of the German expression for lysergic acid diethylamide. It is produced from lysergic acid, a substance derived from the ergot fungus which grows on rye or from lyser gic acid amide, a chemical found in morning glory seeds. Both of these precursor chemicals are in Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). LSD was first synthesized in 1938. It's psychotomimetic effects were discovered in 1943 when a chemist accidentally took some LSD. As he began to experience the effects now known as a "trip," he was aware of vertigo and an intensification of light. Closing his eyes, he saw a stream of fantastic images of extraordinary vividness accompanied by a kaleidoscopic play of colors. This condition lasted for about two hours. Because of the extremely high potency of LSD, its structural relationship to a chemical which is present in the brain, and its similarity in effects to certain aspects of psychosis, LSD was used as a tool of research to study the mechanism of mental illness. Although there was a marked decline from its initial popularity in illicit channels during the 1960's, there are indications that its illicit use once again may be increasing to some extent. LSD is usually sold in the form of tablets, thin squares of gelatin ("window panes"), or impregnated paper ("blotter acid"). The average effective oral dose is from 30 to 50 micrograms, but the amount per dosage unit varies greatly. The effects of higher doses persist 10 to 12 hours. Tolerance develops rapidly.|pParaphernalia for this drug include small vials of clear liquid, small plastic bags, small bottles, and eye-droppers.|ЃLysergic Acid Diethylamide A Acid Beast, the Blotter (or Blotter Acid) Blue Chairs Blue Cheers Blue Mist Brown Dots California Triple Dip Cube Dot Flat Blues Gelatin Green Wedge Hawk LSD Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds Microdot Mighty Quinn Mind Detergent Owsley Acid Owsley Blue Dot Pink Wedge Pink Owsley Purple Owsley Sandoz's Strawberries Sugar Cube Sunshine Uncle (or Uncle Sid) Vacation Wedding Bells Window Panes|Many forms, can include solid, liquid, and powder form. Usually taken orally|Symptoms may include altered vision, changes in perception, perceived sensory crossover (i.e. hearing colors), illusions, hallucinations, dilated pupils, panic feelings, anxiety, and depression that may lead to suicidal feelings. May also cause organic brain damage and periodic flashbacks as long as months after taking the drug. Overdose may cause agitation, convulsions, hallucinations, and possible death from overdose.|MESCALINE|_The primary active ingredient of the peyote cactus is the hallucinogen mescaline. It is derived from the fleshy parts or buttons of this plant, which has been employed by Indians in northern Mexico from the earliest recorded time as part of the traditional religious rites. The Native American Church, which uses peyote in religious ceremonies, has been exempted from certain provisions of the CSA. Peyote, or mescal buttons, and mescaline should not be confused with mescal, the colorless Mexican liquor distilled from the leaves of maguey plants. Usually ground into a powder, peyote is taken orally. Mescaline can also be produced synthetically. A dose of 350 to 500 mg of mescaline produces illusions and hallucinations lasting from 5 to 12 hours.|pParaphernalia for this drug include small plastic bags and small bottles.|ЃAnhalonium Buttons Cactus Cactus Button Chief Dry Whiskey Hikori Hikuli Huatari Little Green Pills Mesc Mescal (or Mescal Beans) Mescaline Mexc Peyote Seni Wokawi|Cactus buttons usually ground into a powder, or in the form of small green tablets (straight Mescaline) Usually taken orally|Symptoms may include hallucinations and illusions. Overdose may lead to psychosis and possible death.|PSILOCYBIN|_Like the peyote cactus, Psilocybe mushrooms have been used for centuries in traditional Indian rites. When they are eaten, these "sacred" or "magic" mushrooms affect mood and perception in a manner similar to mescaline and LSD. Their active ingredients, psilocybin and psilocyn, are chemically related to LSD. They can now be made synthetically, but much of what is sold under these names on the illicit market consists of other chemical compounds.|pParaphernalia for this drug include small plastic bags and small bottles.|ЃCow Shit Heaven Fungi Fungus Magic Mushrooms Mushrooms Psilocybin Shrooms Silly Putty Spores|Capsule, and natural mushroom forms Taken orally or smoked|Symptoms may include altered vision, changes in perception, illusions, hallucinations, dilated pupils, panic feelings, anxiety, and depression that may lead to suicidal feelings. May also cause organic brain damage and periodic flashbacks as long as months after taking the drug. Overdose may cause agitation, convulsions, hallucinations, and possible death from overdose.|HEROIN|^First synthesized from morphine in 1874, heroin was not extensively used in medicine until the beginning of this century. The Bayer Company in Germany first started commercial production of the new pain remedy in 1898. While it received widespread acceptance, the medical profession for years remained unaware of its potential for addiction. The first comprehensive control of heroin in the United States was established with the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914. Pure heroin is a white powder with a bitter taste. Illicit heroin may vary in both form and color. Most illicit heroin is a powder which may vary in color from white to dark brown because of impurities left from the manufacturing process or the presence of additives, such as food coloring, cocoa, or brown sugar. Pure heroin is rarely sold on the street. A "bag"--slang for a single dosage unit of heroin--may weigh about 100 mg. usually containing about five percent heroin. To increase the bulk of the material sold to the addict, dilutents are mixed with the heroin in ratios ranging from 9 to 1 to as much as 99 to 1. Sugars, starch, powdered milk, and quinine are among the dilutents used. Another form of heroin known as "black tar" heroin has also become increasingly available in recent years, especially in the western United States. Black tar heroin is a crudely processed form of heroin illicitly manufactured in Mexico. It may be sticky like roofing tar or hard like coal, and it is dark brown to black in color. Black tar heroin is often sold on the street in its tar-like state, sometimes at purities ranging as high as 40-80 percent. Black tar heroin is sometimes diluted, however, by adding materials of similar consistency (such as burnt cornstarch), or by converting the tar heroin into powder and adding conventional dilutents, such as mannitol or quinine. It is most commonly used through injection.|~Paraphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, straight edge razors, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, small plastic bags, glassine envelopes, aluminum-foil packets, rolled up dollar bills, straws, pipes, matches, and butane lighters.|ЂBig H Black Tar Boy Brown Sugar Crown Crap Doogie (or Dugee) Doojie (or Duji) George Smack H Hairy Harry Hazel Henry Him Heroin Horse Horse Radish Joy Powder Junk Mud Muzzle Scag Schmeck Shit Smack Smeck Syrup Tar (black) Tecata White Lady|Powder (white to dark brown) or a tar-like substance Injected, inhaled through nasal passages, or smoked NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Produces feelings of euphoria generally followed by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Additional symptoms may include itching, watery eyes, and constricted pupils. Overdose symptoms may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.|METHADONE|^German scientists synthesized methadone during World War II because of a shortage of morphine. although chemically unlike morphine or heroin, it produces many of the same effects. Introduced into the United States in 1947 as an analgesic and distributed under such names as Amidone, Dolophine, and Methadone, it became widely used in the 1960's in the treatment of narcotic addicts. The effects of methadone differ from morphine-based drugs in that they have a longer duration of action, lasting up to 24 hours, thereby permitting administration only once a day in heroin detoxification and maintenance programs. Moreover, methadone is almost as effective when administered orally as it is by injection. But tolerance and dependence may develop, and withdrawal symptoms, though they develop more slowly and are less severe, are more prolonged. Ironically, methadone, designed to control narcotic addiction, has emerged in some metropolitan areas as a major cause of overdose deaths. Closely related chemically to methadone is the synthetic compound levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), which has an even longer duration of action (from 48 to 72 hours), permitting a further reduction in clinic visits and the elimination of take-home medications. Its potential in the treatment of narcotic addicts is under investigation. Another close relative of methadone is propoxyphene, first marketed in 1957 under the trade name Darvon for the relief of mild to moderate pain. Less dependence-producing than the other opiates., it is less effective as an analgesic.|~Paraphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, straight edge razors, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, small plastic bags, glassine envelopes, aluminum-foil packets, rolled up dollar bills, straws, pipes, matches, and butane lighters.|ЂDolly Dolophine Meth (Methadone) Methadone Methadose Amidone|Liquid Taken orally or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Produces feelings of euphoria generally followed by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Additional symptoms may include itching, watery eyes, and constricted pupils. Overdose symptoms may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.|CODEINE|^This alkaloid is found in raw opium in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2.5 percent. It was first isolated in 1832 as an impurity in a batch of morphine. Although it occurs naturally, most codeine is produced from morphine. As compared with morphine, codeine produces less analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression. It is widely distributed in products of two general types. Codeine for the relief of moderate pain may consists of codeine tablets or be combined with other products, such a aspirin or acetaminophen (Tylenol). Some examples of liquid codeine preparations for the relief of coughs (antitussives) are Robitussin AC, Cheracol, and elixir of terpin hydrate with codeine. Codeine is also manufactured to a lesser extent in injectable form for the relief of pain. It is by far the most widely used naturally occurring narcotic in medical treatment.|uParaphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, skewers, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, matches, butane lighters, small plastic bags, and small bottles.|ЂCodeine Empirin Compound w/Codeine Fours Tylenol w/Codeine Cough Medicine w/Codeine|Liquids with varying thicknesses Capsules Tablets Taken orally or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Produces feelings of euphoria generally followed by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Additional symptoms may include itching, watery eyes, and constricted pupils. Overdose symptoms may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.|MORPHINE|^The principal constituent of opium, ranging in concentration from 4 to 21 percent, morphine is one of the most effective drugs known for the relief of pain. It is marketed in the form of white crystals, hypodermic tablets, and injectable preparations. Its licit use is restricted primarily to hospitals. Morphine is odorless, tastes bitter, and darkens with age. It may be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intravenously, the latter method being the one most frequently resorted to by addicts. Tolerance and dependence develop rapidly in the user. Only a small part of the morphine obtained from opium is used medically. Most of it is converted to codeine and, secondarily, to hydromorphone.|vParaphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, skewers, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, matches, butane lighters, small plastic bags, and small bottles.|ЂBig "M" Cecile Emma Emsel Gunk Happy Medicine Hard Stuff Hocus M Mecel Miss Emma Miss Morph Morphine Morpho Morshtop Pectoral syrup Red Cross "M" Sweet Jesus Unkie White Angel White Cross (Morphine) White Nurse|White crystals Hypodermic tablets Injectable solutions Injected, taken orally, or smoked NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Produces feelings of euphoria generally followed by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Additional symptoms may include itching, watery eyes, and constricted pupils. Overdose symptoms may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.|MEPERIDINE|^The first synthetic narcotic, meperidine, is chemically dissimilar to morphine but resembles it in its analgesic effect. It is probably the most widely used drug for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Available in pure from as well as in products containing other medicinal ingredients, it is administered either orally or by injection, the latter method being the most widely abused. Tolerance and dependence develop with chronic use, and large doses can result in convulsions or death.|~Paraphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, skewers, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, matches, butane lighters, small plastic bags, and small bottles.|ЂPethidine Demerol Meperidine Mepergan|White powder Liquid Tablets Taken orally or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Produces feelings of euphoria generally followed by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Additional symptoms may include itching, watery eyes, and constricted pupils. Overdose symptoms may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.|OPIUM|^There were no legal restrictions on the importation or use of opium until the early 1900's. In those days, patent medicines often contained opium without any warning label. Today, there are state, federal, and international laws governing the production and distribution of narcotics substances, and there is little abuse of opium in the United States. At least 25 alkaloids can be extracted from opium. These fall into two general categories, each producing markedly different effects. The first, known as the phenanthrene alkaloids, represented by morphine and codeine, are used as analgesics and cough suppressants; the second, the isoquinoline alkaloids, represented by papaverine (an intestinal relaxant) and noscapine (a cough suppressant), have no significant influence on the central nervous system and are not regulated under the CSA. Although a small amount of opium is used to make antidiarrheal preparations, such as paregoric, virtually all the opium imported into this country is broken down into its alkaloid constituents, principally morphine and codeine.|~Paraphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, straight edge razors, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, small plastic bags, glassine envelopes, aluminum-foil packets, rolled up dollar bills, straws, pipes, matches, and butane lighters.|ЂBlack Shit Black Stuff Dover's Powder Ghow Grease Gun Powder Hop O.P. Opium Paregoric Parepectolin Poppy Pen Yan Scours Tar|Dark brown clumps or powder Taken orally or smoked|Produces feelings of euphoria generally followed by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Additional symptoms may include itching, watery eyes, and constricted pupils. Overdose symptoms may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.|NARCOTICS (MISC.)|^There were no legal restrictions on the importation or use of opium until the early 1900's. In those days, patent medicines often contained opium without any warning label. Today, there are state, federal, and international laws governing the production and distribution of narcotics substances, and there is little abuse of opium in the United States. At least 25 alkaloids can be extracted from opium. These fall into two general categories, each producing markedly different effects. The first, known as the phenanthrene alkaloids, represented by morphine and codeine, are used as analgesics and cough suppressants; the second, the isoquinoline alkaloids, represented by papaverine (an intestinal relaxant) and noscapine (a cough suppressant), have no significant influence on the central nervous system and are not regulated under the CSA. Although a small amount of opium is used to make antidiarrheal preparations, such as paregoric, virtually all the opium imported into this country is broken down into its alkaloid constituents, principally morphine and codeine.|wParaphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, straight edge razors, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, small plastic bags, glassine envelopes, aluminum-foil packets, rolled up dollar bills, straws, pipes, matches, and butane lighters.|ЂPercocet Percodan Tussionex Darvon Talwin Lomotil|Tablets Capsules Liquid Taken orally or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Produces feelings of euphoria generally followed by nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness. Additional symptoms may include itching, watery eyes, and constricted pupils. Overdose symptoms may include clammy skin, slow and shallow breathing, convulsions, coma, and possibly death.|COCAINE|`The most potent stimulant of natural origin, cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylon coca), which has been grown in the Andean highlands of South American since prehistoric times. The leaves of the plant are chewed in the region for refreshment and relief from fatigue. Pure cocaine, the principal psychoactive ingredient, was first isolated in the 1880's. It was used as an anesthetic in eye surgery for which no previously known drug had been suitable. It became particularly useful in surgery of the nose and throat because of its ability to anesthetize tissue while simultaneously constricting blood vessels and limiting bleeding. Many of its therapeutic applications are now obsolete because of the development of safer drugs as local anesthetics. Illicit cocaine is usually distributed as a white crystalline powder, often diluted by a variety of other ingredients, the most common of which are sugars, such as lactose, inositol, mannitol, and local anesthetics such as lidocaine. The frequent adulteration is to increase volume and thus to multiply profits. The drug is most commonly administered by being "snorted" through the nasal passages. Symptoms of repeated use in this manner may resemble the congested nose of a common cold. The intensity of the psychological effects of cocaine, as with many psychoactive drugs, depends on the rate of entry into the blood. Intravenous injection or smoking produces an almost immediate intense experience. Cocaine hydrochloride, the usual form in which cocaine is sold, while soluble in water and sometimes injected, is fairly insensitive to heat. Conversion of cocaine hydrochloride to cocaine base yields a substance that will become volatile when heated. "Crack", or cocaine base in the form of chips, chunks, or "rocks", is usually vaporized in a pipe or smoked with plant material in a cigarette or a "joint". Inhalation of the cocaine fumes produces effects that are very fast in onset, very intense, and are quickly over. These intense effects are often followed within minutes by a dysphoric "crash", leading to frequently repeated doses and rapid addiction. Because of the intensity of its pleasurable effects, cocaine has the potential for extraordinary psychic dependency. Recurrent users may resort to larger doses at shorter intervals until their lives are largely committed to their drug addiction. Anxiety, restlessness, and extreme irritability may indicate the onset of toxic psychosis similar to paranoid schizophrenia, tactile hallucinations so afflict some chronic users that they injure themselves in attempting to remove imaginary insects from under the skin. Others feel persecuted and fear that they are being watched and followed. Excessive doses of cocaine may cause seizures and death from, for example, respiratory failure, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, or heart failure. There is no specific treatment for cocaine overdose. Nor does tolerance develop to the toxic effects of cocaine. In fact, there are studies which indicate that repeated use lowers the dose at which toxicity occurs. There is no "safe" dose of cocaine.|oParaphernalia for this drug include straight edge razors, scales, small hand mirror, rolled up dollar bills, straws, small spoons, ceramic mortar & pestle set, syringes, glass vials, small plastic bags, small bottles, chemicals (Ether, Potassium, Carbonate; Sodium Hydroxide) matches, and butane lighters.|cBernies Big Bloke Big "C" Billie Hoke Blow Burese C Charley Cholly Cocaine Cocoa Puffs Coke Cola Corine Flake Girl Gold Dust Happy Dust Heaven Dust Her Ice Jam Cecil Mosquitoes Nose Candy Nose Stuff Peruvian Marching Powder Powdered Diamond School Boy Snow Snow Caine Snow Flakes Stardust White Mosquitoes Wire|Usually a white, crystal-like powder Inhaled Injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Symptoms can include feelings of euphoria, feelings of increased sensory awareness, may trigger psychosis in users prone to mental instability, paranoia, hallucinations, anxiety, confusion, and irrational behavior. Death is possible due to seizures that lead to respiratory arrest, coma, or cardiac arrest.|CRACK|`The most potent stimulant of natural origin, cocaine is extracted from the leaves of the coca plant (Erythroxylon coca), which has been grown in the Andean highlands of South American since prehistoric times. The leaves of the plant are chewed in the region for refreshment and relief from fatigue. Pure cocaine, the principal psychoactive ingredient, was first isolated in the 1880's. It was used as an anesthetic in eye surgery for which no previously known drug had been suitable. It became particularly useful in surgery of the nose and throat because of its ability to anesthetize tissue while simultaneously constricting blood vessels and limiting bleeding. Many of its therapeutic applications are now obsolete because of the development of safer drugs as local anesthetics. Illicit cocaine is usually distributed as a white crystalline powder, often diluted by a variety of other ingredients, the most common of which are sugars, such as lactose, inositol, mannitol, and local anesthetics such as lidocaine. The frequent adulteration is to increase volume and thus to multiply profits. The drug is most commonly administered by being "snorted" through the nasal passages. Symptoms of repeated use in this manner may resemble the congested nose of a common cold. The intensity of the psychological effects of cocaine, as with many psychoactive drugs, depends on the rate of entry into the blood. Intravenous injection or smoking produces an almost immediate intense experience. Cocaine hydrochloride, the usual form in which cocaine is sold, while soluble in water and sometimes injected, is fairly insensitive to heat. Conversion of cocaine hydrochloride to cocaine base yields a substance that will become volatile when heated. "Crack", or cocaine base in the form of chips, chunks, or "rocks", is usually vaporized in a pipe or smoked with plant material in a cigarette or a "joint". Inhalation of the cocaine fumes produces effects that are very fast in onset, very intense, and are quickly over. these intense effects are often followed within minutes by a dysphoric "crash", leading to frequently repeated doses and rapid addiction. Because of the intensity of its pleasurable effects, cocaine has the potential for extraordinary psychic dependency. Recurrent users may resort to larger doses at shorter intervals until their lives are largely committed to their drug addiction. Anxiety, restlessness, and extreme irritability may indicate the onset of toxic psychosis similar to paranoid schizophrenia, tactile hallucinations so afflict some chronic users that they injure themselves in attempting to remove imaginary insects from under the skin. Others feel persecuted and fear that they are being watched and followed. Excessive doses of cocaine may cause seizures and death from, for example, respiratory failure, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, or heart failure. There is no specific treatment for cocaine overdose. Nor does tolerance develop to the toxic effects of cocaine. In fact, there are studies which indicate that repeated use lowers the dose at which toxicity occurs. There is no "safe" dose of cocaine.|oParaphernalia for this drug inlcude glass vials, foil pouches, water pipes, and pipes.|cBase Baseball Boulders Cookies Crack Freebase Rock|Usually in large pieces called "rocks" Smoked or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Symptoms can include feelings of euphoria, feelings of increased sensory awareness, may trigger psychosis in users prone to mental instability, paranoia, hallucinations, anxiety, confusion, and irrational behavior. Death is possible due to seizures that lead to respiratory arrest, coma, or cardiac arrest.|BARBITURATES (MISC.)|]Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants and are similar, in many ways, to the depressant effects of alcohol. To date, there are approximately 2,500 derivatives of barbituric acid of which only 15 are used medically. The first barbiturate was synthesized from barbituric acid (malonylurea) in 1864, manufactured for medical use in 1882, and released in 1903 under the brand name Veronal. The original use of barbiturates were to replace drugs such as opiates, bromides, and alcohol to induce sleep. Barbiturates are broken down chemically within the liver and eliminated via the kidneys at different rates according to their types: Slow-or long acting; intermediate, and ultra-fast--those producing unconsciousness in just a few minutes. With regular use, the body develops a tolerance to barbiturates that translates into a need for larger and more frequent doses to attain the desired affect. However, while the tolerance increases in terms of realizing a desired effect, tolerance to the lethal level does not. Increases, thus bringing the frequent user closer and closer to the "lethal limit" as they continue to up their doses. Barbiturate abuse can result in two kinds of dependence (addiction), Psychological dependence--that can develop very quickly and involves a commanding need or desire for the hypnotic or relaxing effects of the drug, and physical dependence--that takes longer to develop but is considerable more dangerous because the body reacts violently if the drug is stopped or the dose is sharply reduced.|xParaphernalia for these drugs include small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, spo ons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЃBarb Barbiturates (Misc.) Busters Butisol Courage Pill Fiorinal G.B.'s Goof Balls Green Dragons King Kong Pills Lotusate Peanuts Phenobarbital|Tablet and capsule Taken orally|Symptoms may include a sense of excitement before sedation starts to take effect. Symptoms also include slurred speech, lack of coordination, clammy skin, rapid pulse, coma, and possible death. NOTE: Chances of death from overdose is significantly increased when taken in combination with alcohol.|ALCOHOL|YThe term "Alcohol" has been synonymous with "spirituous" liquids for the past 300 years while the history of alcohol consumption, along with codes limiting its consumption, go back to 1700 B.C. There are basically four types of alcohol, all having one primary chemical feature in common, a chemical structure that involves an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom bonded together to form a molecule known as a "hydroxyl group". Hydroxyl groups are classified by the number of hydrocarbon units that occur in them. Of the four alcohol types "Methyl Alcohol" has one carbon unit; "Ethyl Alcohol" has two carbon units (Note: Ethyl alcohol is the type used in the production of alcoholic beverages): "Propyl Alcohol" has three carbon units; and "Butyl Alcohol" has four carbon units. Alcohol, a central nervous system depressant, and its consumption can cause a number of marked changes in behavior. Even low doses significantly impair judgment and coordination. In small amounts, it can induce feelings of relaxation and tranquillity, suppress anxiety, and in some, inspire feelings of confidence. However, as the dose is increased, normally beyond 6 ounces, the pleasant euphoric feelings begin to give way to feelings of depression. Intoxication occurs because the liver is unable to metabolize (break down) more than one ounce of alcohol every hour. Therefore, when a person consumes more alcohol than the body can metabolize, intoxication occurs -- Intoxication can generally last anywhere from one to 12 hours. Repeated use of alcohol can lead to increased tolerance to the drug that in turn leads to greater and greater amounts required to achieve its desired effect. Once the body develops a dependence to alcohol, a sudden cessation of its intake is likely to produce withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms can be life-threatening and include severe anxiety, tremors, hallucinations, and convulsions. Additionally, while long-term consumption of large quantities of alcohol can lead to permanent damage to vital organs such as the brain and liver, mothers who drink alcohol during pregnancy may give birth to infants with fetal alcohol syndrome that can include irreversible physical and mental damage to the baby.|lParaphernalia for this drug include bottles, cans, wine bottles, false identification cards.|…Alcohol Booze Brandy Brew Gin Juice Sauce Schnapps Tequila Vodka Whiskey Wine|Liquid (in various colors) Taken orally|Short term effects include euphoria, relaxation, suppressed inhibitions, and impaired motor skills. Large amounts can cause stupor, nausea, unconsciousness, and death. Chronic alcoholism leads to permanent liver damage. Taken during pregnancy may lead to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.|NICOTINE|ZSmoking tobacco has been a common practice for centuries in many civilizations and have included, for example, the native Americans. The practice of smoking tobacco leaves on this continent was first encountered by the early European explorers of the 16th century in their travels to the "New World." Nicotine, the active ingredient in tobacco that acts as a stimulant on the heart and nervous system, was named in honor of Jean Nicot who claimed it possessed great medicinal potential. Nicotine itself is an oily alkaloid found in concentrations of approximately 2-5% in tobacco plants. In its pure form nicotine is colorless and has a potent odor and strong acid taste, and is highly poisonous. Note: Pure Nicotine is highly poisonous, and only one drop approximately 50 mg can kill a person within minutes. The addictive nature of this drug as been recognized over the centuries and includes a 1662 observation that quotes, "the common people are so given up to the use that they imagine they cannot live without several pipes of tobacco a day--thus squandering in these necessitous times the pennies they require for their daily sustenance." Additionally, as early as the 17th century, smoking was prohibited by the Roman catholic church, and as early as 1663 smokers were put to death by the Sultan of Constantinople. In 1964 a comprehensive report on the dangers of smoking was issued by the Surgeon General of the United States. In January of 1966, President Johnson signed into law a requirement that all cigarette packages would carry the warning. "Caution: Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health." In 1971 cigarette advertising was banned from both television and radio advertising. In 1977 however, the U.S. department of Agriculture reported that cigarette companies focused $779 million (in that year alone) on printed advertising and promotions to sell their products. In addition to nicotine, cigarette smoke contains some 4,000 other chemicals, several of which are known to be cancer causing. Other toxins and irritants found in smoke can produce eye, nose, and throat irritations. Carbon monoxide, another component of cigarette smoke, combines with hemoglobin, a substance that interferes with the body's ability to obtain and use oxygen.|tParaphernalia for this drug include matches, butane lighters, and rolling papers.|„Cigarettes Cigars Chew Chewing Tobacco Nicotine Snuff Tobacco|In many forms such as cigarettes, chewing tobacco, and finely ground powder (called snuff) Smoked Inhaled Taken orally|Steady users feel a relaxed mood. Large amounts can cause appetite loss, nausea, and headache. Long term effects increase the chances of lung cancer, lung disease (emphysema, asthma, bronchiectasis, and lung abscesses). Long term effects also include heart and blood vessel disease that may result in myocardial infarction (heart attack), coronary heart disease, and generalize hardening of the arteries.|MARIJUANA|_The term marijuana is used in this country to refer to the cannabis plant and to any part or extract of it that produces somatic or psychic change in humans. A tobacco-like substance produced by drying the leaves and flowering types of the plant, marijuana varies significantly in its potency, depending on the source and selectivity of plant materials used. Most wild U.S. cannabis is considered inferior because of a low concentration of THC, usually less than 0.5 percent. Jamaican, Colombian, and Mexican varieties range between 0.5 and 7 percent. The most selective produce is reputed to be sinsemilla (Spanish, sin semilla; without seed), prepared from the unpollinated female cannabis plant, samples of which have been found to contain up to 20 percent THC. Southeast Asian "Thai Sticks", consisting of marijuana buds bound on short sections of bamboo, are encountered infrequently on the U.S. illicit market.|nParaphernalia for marijuana includes matches, rolling papers (i.e. Zig Zag papers), pipes, matches, lighters, plastic baggies, hand vises and clips (as well as other "roach clips"). Other related paraphernalia include hiding containers (sometimes posing as cola cans, etc.), small medicine bottles, and eye drops.|bAcapulco Gold Aunt Mary Bambalachacha Bhang Bo-Bo Bush Boo Broccoli Bud Canadian Black Chicago Green Colombia Red Ding Donjem Dope Dubie Fu Gange Ganja Gates GOM (Good Old Marijuana) Grass Greefo (or Griefo) Griffas Guage Gunga Gunja (or Gunjah) Hay Hemp Herb Indian Hay Indian Hemp Jay Smoke Joy Smoke Ktutchu String Kif Laughing Grass Light Green Loco Weed Love Weed Maggie Marijuana Mary Jane (or Mari Jane) Mary Worner Mary Weaver Megg Mexican Brown Mez (or Mezz) Moahsky Mocoha Moocha Mooster Mota Mu Mutah Pod Pot Reef Reefer Sinsemilia Smoke Snop Splim Tea Texas Tea Thai Sticks Viper Weed Wake & Bake Weed Weed Tea Yesca|Dried parsley-like appearance that may include stems or seeds Taken orally or smoked|Initial effects can include feelings of euphoria and well-being, relaxed inhibitions, a sense of humor about most things, and a feeling of being hungry. Symptoms may include a significant increase in heart rate, dry throat and mouth, bloodshot eyes, impair short term memory, comprehension, and coordination. Can also produce paranoia as well as psychosis. During pregnancy may have a toxic effect on embryos and fetuses. In some cases may cause an "acute panic anxiety reaction."|TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL|_The term marijuana is used in this country to refer to the cannabis plant and to any part or extract of it that produces somatic or psychic change in humans. A tobacco-like substance produced by drying the leaves and flowering types of the plant, marijuana varies significantly in its potency, depending on the source and selectivity of plant materials used. Most wild U.S. cannabis is considered inferior because of a low concentration of THC, usually less than 0.5 percent. Jamaican, Colombian, and Mexican varieties range between 0.5 and 7 percent. The most selective produce is reputed to be sinsemilla (Spanish, sin semilla; without seed), prepared from the unpollinated female cannabis plant, samples of which have been found to contain up to 20 percent THC. Southeast Asian "Thai Sticks", consisting of marijuana buds bound on short sections of bamboo, are encountered infrequently on the U.S. illicit market.|nParaphernalia for this drug includes matches, rolling papers (i.e. Zig Zag papers), pipes, matches, lighters, plastic baggies, hand vises and clips (as well as other "roach clips"). Other related paraphernalia include hiding containers (sometimes posing as cola cans, etc.), small medicine bottles, and eye drops.|bTetrahydrocannabinol THC|Soft gelatin capsules Taken orally or smoked|Symptoms may include a significant increase in heart rate, dry throat and mouth, bloodshot eyes, impair short term memory, comprehension, and coordination. Can also produce paranoia as well as psychosis. During pregnancy may have a toxic effect on embryos and fetuses. In some cases may cause an "acute panic anxiety reaction.|HASHISH|_The middle East is the main source of hashish. It consists of the drug-rich resinous secretions of the cannabis plant, which are collected, dried, and then compressed into a variety of forms, such as balls, cakes, or cookie-like sheets. The THC content of hashish in the United States averages 3 percent.|nParaphernalia for this drug includes matches, rolling papers (i.e. Zig Zag papers), pipes, matches, lighters, plastic baggies, hand vises and clips (as well as other "roach clips"). Other related paraphernalia include hiding containers (sometimes posing as cola cans, etc.), small medicine bottles, and eye drops.|bAsphalt Black Russian Blue Cheese Bo-Bo Hash Hash Oil Hashish Hashish Oil Shishi|Brown or black cakes or balls, or a syrupy liquid (colors ranging from clear to black) Taken orally or smoked|Symptoms may include a significant increase in heart rate, dry throat and mouth, bloodshot eyes, impair short term memory, comprehension, and coordination. Can also produce paranoia as well as psychosis. During pregnancy may have a toxic effect on embryos and fetuses. In some cases may cause an "acute panic anxiety reaction.|CAFFEINE|`The two most prevalent stimulants are nicotine in tobacco products and caffeine, the active ingredient of coffee, tea, and some bottled beverages that are sold in every supermarket. When used in moderation, these stimulants tend to relieve fatigue and increase alertness. They are an accepted part of our culture. There are however, more potent stimulants that because of their dependence-producing potential are under the regulatory control of the CSA. These controlled stimulants are available by prescription for medical purposes; they are also clandestinely manufactured for distribution on the illicit market. Users tend to rely on stimulants to feel stronger, more decisive, and self-possessed. Because of the cumulative effects of the drugs, chronic users often follow a pattern of taking "uppers" in the morning and "downers" such as alcohol or sleeping pills, at night. Such chemical manipulation interferes with normal body processes and can lead to mental and physical illness. Individuals who resort to stimulants for their euphoric effects consume large doses sporadically, over weekends or at night, often going on to experiment with other drugs of abuse. The consumption of stimulants may result in a temporary sense of exhilaration, superabundant energy, hyperactivity, extended wakefulness, and a loss of appetite. It may also induce irritability, anxiety, and apprehension. These effects are greatly intensified with administration by intravenous injection, which may produce a sudden sensation known as a "flash" or "rush". The protracted use of stimulants is followed, however, by a period of depression known as "crashing" that is invariably described as unpleasant. Since the depression can be easily counteracted by a further injection of stimulant, this abuse pattern becomes increasingly difficult to break. Heavy users may inject themselves every few hours, a process sometimes continued to the point of delirium, psychosis, or physical exhaustion.|mParaphernalia for this drug may include soda cans, coffee cups, small pill bottles, etc.. Note: Caffeine is found in several food and beverage products.|mCaffeine Coffee Cola Diet Pills w/Caffeine No Doz Vivarin|Contained in many brand name foods and beverages, as well as many prescription and non-prescription drugs. Taken orally|May cause a feeling of alertness and extra energy. Large doses may cause nervousness, insomnia, and increased urination. Overdose symptoms may include rapid heartbeat, convulsions, hallucinations, nausea, and coma.|MDMA|[MDA and other such designer drugs, that include MDMA, MMDA (Ecstasy), MDEA (Eve), DOM and DOB are generally chemical variations of Amphetamines and Methampheteamines. To circumvent the legal restrictions imposed on illegal drugs, these so-called "designer drugs" are chemical modifications that alter the original chemical structure of an illegal drug, thus creating a new drug that falls outside (at least initially) of the legal restrictions. However, while not being "illegal" per se, these new drugs can be extremely dangerous in that they can be several hundred times stronger than the drugs they are designed to imitate. An example of how these drugs attempt to stay ahead of the legal restrictions is illustrated by the fact that when the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration declared MMDA (Ecstasy) to be a controlled substance in 1985, MDEA (Eve) showed up on the streets soon after to take its place. While these drugs are basically grouped together as "designer drugs" they differ from one another in their potency, speed of onset, duration of its effects, and capacity to modify moods with or without producing hallucinations.|}Paraphernalia for these drugs include syringes, tourniquets, rolled up dollar bills, straws, small plastic bags, and small bottles. |ЃAdam Cheese Disco Biscuits Ecstasy Essence MDM MDMA MMDA PMA TMA X XTC|Powder, tablet, or capsule Taken orally, smoked or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Initial effects include feelings of warmth and confidence, an exhilarating rush, and a sense of enhanced thinking. Other effects may include chills and sweating, nausea, faintness and blurred vision. Psychological effects may include paranoia, anxiety, and depression. One dose is generally sufficient quantity to cause brain damage and possible death.|MDCA|[MDA and other such designer drugs, that include MDMA, MMDA (Ecstasy), MDEA (Eve), DOM and DOB are generally chemical variations of Amphetamines and Methampheteamines. To circumvent the legal restrictions imposed on illegal drugs, these so-called "designer drugs" are chemical modifications that alter the original chemical structure of an illegal drug, thus creating a new drug that falls outside (at least initially) of the legal restrictions. However, while not being "illegal" per se, these new drugs can be extremely dangerous in that they can be several hundred times stronger than the drugs they are designed to imitate. An example of how these drugs attempt to stay ahead of the legal restrictions is illustrated by the fact that when the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration declared MMDA (Ecstasy) to be a controlled substance in 1985, MDEA (Eve) showed up on the streets soon after to take its place. While these drugs are basically grouped together as "designer drugs" they differ from one another in their potency, speed of onset, duration of its effects, and capacity to modify moods with or without producing hallucinations.|}Paraphernalia for these drugs include syringes, tourniquets, rolled up dollar bills, straws, small plastic bags, and small bottles.|ЃHeaven MDCA|Tablet or capsule Taken orally or smoked|Initial effects include feelings of warmth and confidence, an exhilarating rush, and a sense of enhanced thinking. Other effects may include chills and sweating, nausea, faintness and blurred vision. Psychological effects may include paranoia, anxiety, and depression. One dose is generally sufficient quantity to cause brain damage and possible death.|MDEA|[MDA and other such designer drugs, that include MDMA, MMDA (Ecstasy), MDEA (Eve), DOM and DOB are generally chemical variations of Amphetamines and Methampheteamines. To circumvent the legal restrictions imposed on illegal drugs, these so-called "designer drugs" are chemical modifications that alter the original chemical structure of an illegal drug, thus creating a new drug that falls outside (at least initially) of the legal restrictions. However, while not being "illegal" per se, these new drugs can be extremely dangerous in that they can be several hundred times stronger than the drugs they are designed to imitate. An example of how these drugs attempt to stay ahead of the legal restrictions is illustrated by the fact that when the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration declared MMDA (Ecstasy) to be a controlled substance in 1985, MDEA (Eve) showed up on the streets soon after to take its place. While these drugs are basically grouped together as "designer drugs" they differ from one another in their potency, speed of onset, duration of its effects, and capacity to modify moods with or without producing hallucinations.|}Paraphernalia for these drugs include syringes, tourniquets, rolled up dollar bills, straws, small plastic bags, and small bottles.|ЃEve MDEA|Tablet or capsule Taken orally or smoked|Initial effects include feelings of warmth and confidence, an exhilarating rush, and a sense of enhanced thinking. Other effects may include chills and sweating, nausea, faintness and blurred vision. Psychological effects may include paranoia, anxiety, and depression. One dose is generally sufficient quantity to cause brain damage and possible death.|AMPHETAMINES (MISC.)|`The two most prevalent stimulants are nicotine in tobacco products and caffeine, the active ingredient of coffee, tea, and some bottled beverages that are sold in every supermarket. When used in moderation, these stimulants tend to relieve fatigue and increase alertness. They are an accepted part of our culture. There are however, more potent stimulants that because of their dependence-producing potential are under the regulatory control of the CSA. These controlled stimulants are available by prescription for medical purposes; they are also clandestinely manufactured for distribution on the illicit market. Users tend to rely on stimulants to feel stronger, more decisive, and self-possessed. Because of the cumulative effects of the drugs, chronic users often follow a pattern of taking "uppers" in the morning and "downers" such as alcohol or sleeping pills, at night. Such chemical manipulation interferes with normal body processes and can lead to mental and physical illness. Individuals who resort to stimulants for their euphoric effects consume large doses sporadically, over weekends or at night, often going on to experiment with other drugs of abuse. The consumption of stimulants may result in a temporary sense of exhilaration, superabundant energy, hyperactivity, extended wakefulness, and a loss of appetite. It may also induce irritability, anxiety, and apprehension. These effects are greatly intensified with administration by intravenous injection, which may produce a sudden sensation known as a "flash" or "rush". The protracted use of stimulants is followed, however, by a period of depression known as "cra shing" that is invariably described as unpleasant. Since the depression can be easily counteracted by a further injection of stimulant, this abuse pattern becomes increasingly difficult to break. Heavy users may inject themselves every few hours, a process sometimes continued to the point of delirium, psychosis, or physical exhaustion.|yParaphernalia for these drugs include vials, small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, rolled up dollar bills, straws, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЂAmphetamines Bams Black Beauties Blackbird Cross Roads Cross Tops Crosses Eye Opener Jolly Beans Lid Poppers Poppers Speed Stimulants Thrusters Uppers Uppies Whites|Powder, tablets, or capsules Taken orally, smoked, inhaled, or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Symptoms may include a feeling of increased energy and excitement, insomnia, dilated pupils, and trembling. Long term effects can include paranoia, and violent behavior. Overdose may result in death. NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|BENZEDRINE|`The two most prevalent stimulants are nicotine in tobacco products and caffeine, the active ingredient of coffee, tea, and some bottled beverages that are sold in every supermarket. When used in moderation, these stimulants tend to relieve fatigue and increase alertness. They are an accepted part of our culture. There are however, more potent stimulants that because of their dependence-producing potential are under the regulatory control of the CSA. These controlled stimulants are available by prescription for medical purposes; they are also clandestinely manufactured for distribution on the illicit market. Users tend to rely on stimulants to feel stronger, more decisive, and self-possessed. Because of the cumulative effects of the drugs, chronic users often follow a pattern of taking "uppers" in the morning and "downers" such as alcohol or sleeping pills, at night. Such chemical manipulation interferes with normal body processes and can lead to mental and physical illness. Individuals who resort to stimulants for their euphoric effects consume large doses sporadically, over weekends or at night, often going on to experiment with other drugs of abuse. The consumption of stimulants may result in a temporary sense of exhilaration, superabundant energy, hyperactivity, extended wakefulness, and a loss of appetite. It may also induce irritability, anxiety, and apprehension. These effects are greatly intensified with administration by intravenous injection, which may produce a sudden sensation known as a "flash" or "rush". The protracted use of stimulants is followed, however, by a period of depression known as "crashing" that is invariably described as unpleasant. Since the depression can be easily counteracted by a further injection of stimulant, this abuse pattern becomes increasingly difficult to break. Heavy users may inject themselves every few hours, a process sometimes continued to the point of delirium, psychosis, or physical exhaustion.|yParaphernalia for this drug include vials, small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, rolled up dollar bills, straws, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЂBennies Benz Benzedrine Benzies Cartwheels Purple Hearts Peaches Roses|Usually in tablet form Taken orally, smoked, or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Symptoms may include a feeling of increased energy and excitement, insomnia, dilated pupils, and trembling. Long term effects can include paranoia, and violent behavior. Overdose may result in death. NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|NEMBUTAL|]Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants and are similar, in many ways, to the depressant effects of alcohol. To date, there are approximately 2,500 derivatives of barbituric acid of which only 15 are used medically. The first barbiturate was synthesized from barbituric acid (malonylurea) in 1864, manufactured for medical use in 1882, and released in 1903 under the brand name Veronal. The original use of barbiturates were to replace drugs such as opiates, bromides, and alcohol to induce sleep. Barbiturates are broken down chemically within the liver and eliminated via the kidneys at different rates according to their types: Slow-or long acting; intermediate, and ultra-fast--those producing unconsciousness in just a few minutes. With regular use, the body develops a tolerance to barbiturates that translates into a need for larger and more frequent doses to attain the desired affect. However, while the tolerance increases in terms of realizing a desired effect, tolerance to the lethal level does not. Increases, thus bringing the frequent user closer and closer to the "lethal limit" as they continue to up their doses. Barbiturate abuse can result in two kinds of dependence (addiction), Psychological dependence--that can develop very quickly and involves a commanding need or desire for the hypnotic or relaxing effects of the drug, and physical dependence--that takes longer to develop but is considerable more dangerous because the body reacts violently if the drug is stopped or the dose is sharply reduced.|zParaphernalia for this drug include small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЃCanary Nembutal Nemmies Nimbie (or Nimby) Yellowjacket Yellows|Tablet form Taken Orally|Symptoms may include a sense of excitement before sedation starts to take effect. Symptoms also include slurred speech, lack of coordination, clammy skin, rapid pulse, coma, and possible death. NOTE: Chances of death from overdose is significantly increased when taken in combination with alcohol.|SECONAL|]Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants and are similar, in many ways, to the depressant effects of alcohol. To date, there are approximately 2,500 derivatives of barbituric acid of which only 15 are used medically. The first barbiturate was synthesized from barbituric acid (malonylurea) in 1864, manufactured for medical use in 1882, and released in 1903 under the brand name Veronal. The original use of barbiturates were to replace drugs such as opiates, bromides, and alcohol to induce sleep. Barbiturates are broken down chemically within the liver and eliminated via the kidneys at different rates according to their types: Slow-or long acting; intermediate, and ultra-fast--those producing unconsciousness in just a few minutes. With regular use, the body develops a tolerance to barbiturates that translates into a need for larger and more frequent doses to attain the desired affect. However, while the tolerance increases in terms of realizing a desired effect, tolerance to the lethal level does not. Increases, thus bringing the frequent user closer and closer to the "lethal limit" as they continue to up their doses. Barbiturate abuse can result in two kinds of dependence (addiction), Psychological dependence--that can develop very quickly and involves a commanding need or desire for the hypnotic or relaxing effects of the drug, and physical dependence--that takes longer to develop but is considerable more dangerous because the body reacts violently if the drug is stopped or the dose is sharply reduced.|zParaphernalia for this drug include small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЃPinks Red Birds Red Devils Reds Seccy Secs|Tablet form Taken Orally|Symptoms may include a sense of excitement before sedation starts to take effect. Symptoms also include slurred speech, lack of coordination, clammy skin, rapid pulse, coma, and possible death. NOTE: Chances of death from overdose is significantly increased when taken in combination with alcohol.|AMYL NITRATE|\Discovered in 1857 Amyl Nitrite was first used in the treatment of angina pectoris, (angina pectoris is a condition marked by recurrent pain in the chest and left arm, caused by sudden decrease of blood supply to the heart muscle.), but has largely been replaced by longer acting, safer drugs--with the exception of its current use as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. Amyl Nitrite, like other nitrites, has a pungent, fruity odor that when inhaled gives the user a sense of weightlessness and rapid rush of energy. Additionally, some users purport sexual stimulation and intensified orgasm when using this drug. The down side to Amyl Nitrite is that it causes rapid pulse, headache, involuntary passing of urine and feces, disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness and death due to suffocation or respiratory arrest. Physical dependence is not likely with this drug but psychological dependence is common due to its stimulant effect.|sParaphernalia for this drug include handkerchiefs, paper bags (smelling of inhalants), aerosol cans,and buzz bombs (small metal cylinder attached to a pipe or balloon.)|‚Amyl Nitrate Poppers (Amyl Nitrate) Snap Snappers|Clear to yellowish liquid in ampules Vapors inhaled|Initial effects may include feelings of exhilaration, inebriation, disorientation, euphoria, and weightlessness. Additionally symptoms may include rapid pulse, headache, coughing, sneezing, nosebleeds, loss of appetite, visual impairment, and involuntary passing of urine and feces. Using large amounts, or deeply breathing in the vapors/fumes can cause violent behavior, unconsciousness, brain damage, and death due to suffocation.|METHAMPHETAMINE|`The two most prevalent stimulants are nicotine in tobacco products and caffeine, the active ingredient of coffee, tea, and some bottled beverages that are sold in every supermarket. When used in moderation, these stimulants tend to relieve fatigue and increase alertness. They are an accepted part of our culture. There are however, more potent stimulants that because of their dependence-producing potential are under the regulatory control of the CSA. These controlled stimulants are available by prescription for medical purposes; they are also clandestinely manufactured for distribution on the illicit market. Users tend to rely on stimulants to feel stronger, more decisive, and self-possessed. Because of the cumulative effects of the drugs, chronic users often follow a pattern of taking "uppers" in the morning and "downers" such as alcohol or sleeping pills, at night. Such chemical manipulation interferes with normal body processes and can lead to mental and physical illness. Individuals who resort to stimulants for their euphoric effects consume large doses sporadically, over weekends or at night, often going on to experiment with other drugs of abuse. The consumption of stimulants may result in a temporary sense of exhilaration, superabundant energy, hyperactivity, extended wakefulness, and a loss of appetite. It may also induce irritability, anxiety, and apprehension. These effects are greatly intensified with administration by intravenous injection, which may produce a sudden sensation known as a "flash" or "rush". The protracted use of stimu lants is followed, however, by a period of depression known as "crashing" that is invariably described as unpleasant. Since the depression can be easily counteracted by a further injection of stimulant, this abuse pattern becomes increasingly difficult to break. Heavy users may inject themselves every few hours, a process sometimes continued to the point of delirium, psychosis, or physical exhaustion.|Paraphernalia for this drug include vials, small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, rolled up dollar bills, straws, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ѓBombitas Businessman's Trip Crank Crystal (or Crystal Meth) Meth (Methamphetamine) Methamphetamine Methedrine Speed (Methamphetamine) Splash|Fine crystal-like powder, tablet, or capsule form Inhaled, taken orally, smoked, or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Symptoms may include a feeling of increased energy and excitement, insomnia, dilated pupils, and trembling. Long term effects can include paranoia, and violent behavior. Overdose may result in death. NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|DEXEDRINE|`The two most prevalent stimulants are nicotine in tobacco products and caffeine, the active ingredient of coffee, tea, and some bottled beverages that are sold in every supermarket. When used in moderation, these stimulants tend to relieve fatigue and increase alertness. They are an accepted part of our culture. There are however, more potent stimulants that because of their dependence-producing potential are under the regulatory control of the CSA. These controlled stimulants are available by prescription for medical purposes; they are also clandestinely manufactured for distribution on the illicit market. Users tend to rely on stimulants to feel stronger, more decisive, and self-possessed. Because of the cumulative effects of the drugs, chronic users often follow a pattern of taking "uppers" in the morning and "downers" such as alcohol or sleeping pills, at night. Such chemical manipulation interferes with normal body processes and can lead to mental and physical illness. Individuals who resort to stimulants for their euphoric effects consume large doses sporadically, over weekends or at night, often going on to experiment with other drugs of abuse. The consumption of stimulants may result in a temporary sense of exhilaration, superabundant energy, hyperactivity, extended wakefulness, and a loss of appetite. It may also induce irritability, anxiety, and apprehension. These effects are greatly intensified with administration by intravenous injection, which may produce a sudden sensation known as a "flash" or "rush". The protracted use of stimulants is followed, however, by a period of depression known as "crashing" that is invariably described as unpleasant. Since the depression can be easily counteracted by a further injection of stimulant, this abuse pattern becomes increasingly difficult to break. Heavy users may inject themselves every few hours, a process sometimes continued to the point of delirium, psychosis, or physical exhaustion.|{Paraphernalia for this drug include vials, small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, rolled up dollar bills, straws, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЂDexedrine Dexies Footballs Hearts Oranges|Powder, tablets, or capsules Taken orally, smoked, inhaled, or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Symptoms may include a feeling of increased energy and excitement, insomnia, dilated pupils, and trembling. Long term effects can include paranoia, and violent behavior. Overdose may result in death. NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|PCP|_PCP (Phencyclidine Hydrochloride) was first developed in 1959 as an anesthetic to be used during surgical procedures but, because of the adverse side effects that included delirium and confusion, it was no longer used on humans. In the 1960's the drug reemerged as a veterinary drug under the brand name Sernylan but was discontinued by its manufacturer in 1978. In that same year, under Title II (known as the Controlled Substance Act), of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (1970), PCP and its related drugs were reclassified from a Schedule III classification to a schedule II classification. The reclassification to schedule II under the Controlled Substance Act means that according to federal law, PCP (etc.) is (1.) regarded as a drug with a high potential for abuse, (2.) currently accepted in medical use with severe restrictions, and (3.) when abused may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Note: The "Schedule" classification is the legal premise of the Government's attempt to battle drug abuse. Assigning a drug or substance to one of the five "Schedules" is based on the drugs medical use, potential for abuse, and safety or dependence liability. Drugs, for example, that have the highest potential for abuse would be classified as Schedule I, while drugs with the least potential would be classified as Schedule V. PCP emerged in the 1960's as a street drug and soon became noted for its bizarre and volatile effects, making it a drug that most users elected to stay away from because the "bad reactions" were not worth the associated risks. However, despite its unpleasant and often harmful effects, the demand for the drug has continued to grow throughout the 1970's, 80's and 90's. The reason for this increase in use is attributed to the feelings of heightened sensitivity to outside stimuli, sense of strength and invulnerability, mood elevation, dissociation, inebriation, and relaxation, and to some, a feeling of euphoria. Note: While some people continue to use PCP and its related drugs, others stay away from it because the adverse effects include feelings of agitation, paranoia, suicidal impulses, physical violence and aggression, feelings of slurred speech, psychosis, and death due to respiratory failure. The immediate effects of PCP can begin anywhere from two to fifteen minutes after it is taken into the body, depending on how the drug is ingested (e.g. swallowed, smoked, etc.), and may last from four to six hours. However, the drug induced psychosis may set in anywhere from 3 to 4 days after taking the drug. (Note: Psychosis is a major mental disorder in which the personality is very seriously disorganized and contact with reality is usually impaired.)|}Paraphernalia for this drug include syringes, small plastic bags, small bottles, and foil-wrapped cigarettes.|ЂAngel Dust Crystal (PCP) Elephant Embalming Fluid Hog Killer Weed PCE PCP Phencyclidine (Analog) Rocket Fuel TCP|White powder Liquid Tablets Rock Crystals Taken orally, injected, smoked NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Symptoms may include a feeling of euphoria or numbness, muscle rigidity, loss of memory, feeling of isolation, convulsions, extremely violent and bizarre behavior that may lead to serious injury or death, and a temporary schizophrenic-like psychosis. Death from respiratory failure is often possible.|MEPERIDINE (ANALOG)|^Meperidine, a narcotic analgesic, is an Opioid, (synthetic Opiate), and is widely known by the brand name Demerol. Introduced into the medical profession in 1939 by Eislab & Schaumann it was used to reduce smooth muscle spasms in the small intestine and stomach. Also known as Penthidine, it was later used as an analgesic and was initially thought not to be addictive as was the drug (Morphine) it mimicked. However, as the drug gained in popularity it was later discovered that this supposition was false. The effects of this drug include pain suppression and a euphoric effect, though not as intense as the euphoric effect produced by Morphine. Because this drug is a respiratory depressant it has sometimes proved fatal when used by people suffering from asthma. In therapeutic doses the side effects from his drug are similar to those produced by narcotic drugs, such as sweating, nausea, and dizziness. Larger doses can result in muscle twitches, tremors, and seizures. Tolerance to Meperidine develops quickly and its short duration necessitates repeated administration to maintain the euphoric "high", resulting in Meperidine dependence. Symptoms of addiction include cold clammy skin, extreme drowsiness, and respiratory depression, while abusive doses can include complete respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and death.|}Paraphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, skewers, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, matches, butane lighters, small plastic bags, and small bottles.|ЂMeperidine (Analog) MPTP MPPP New Heroin (Meperidine) Synthetic Heroin (Meperidine) PEPAP|White Powder Inhaled or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Initial effects include a feeling of euphoria and well being. Symptoms may include drooling, impaired speech, uncontrollable tremors, paralysis, irreversible brain damage, and possible death.|FENTANYL (ANALOG)|^Fentanyl is an Opium and Narcotic Analgesic derivative that is approximately one hundred times more potent than Morphine. Generally used to induce brief anesthesia or for post-operative pain, its abuse is centered around its ability to produce sedation and sleep, with compulsive use becoming a possibility as the body develops dependence. The street drug, based on the chemical structure of Fentanyl, is a designer drug known as Methylfentanyl with street names that include "China White" and "Synthetic Heroin". Due to the increased potency of designer drugs, sometimes several hundred times stronger than the drugs they are designed to imitate, overdose with this drug is extremely possible. Narcotic analogs such as Methylfentanyl can cause symptoms such as those seen in Parkinson's disease: uncontrollable tremors, drooling, impaired speech, paralysis, and irreversible brain damage.|}Paraphernalia for this drug include syringes, burnt spoons, bottle caps, skewers, cotton balls, tourniquets, eye-droppers, matches, butane lighters, small plastic bags, and small bottles.|ЂChina White Fentanyl (Analog) New Heroin (Fentanyl) Synthetic Heroin (Fentanyl)|White Powder Inhaled or injected NOTE: Use of contaminated syringes may result in AIDS, Endocarditis, and Hepatitis.|Initial effects include a feeling of euphoria and well being. Symptoms may include drooling, impaired speech, uncontrollable tremors, paralysis, irreversible brain damage, and possible death.|TUINAL|]Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants and are similar, in many ways, to the depressant effects of alcohol. To date, there are approximately 2,500 derivatives of barbituric acid of which only 15 are used medically. The first barbiturate was synthesized from barbituric acid (malonylurea) in 1864, manufactured for medical use in 1882, and released in 1903 under the brand name Veronal. The original use of barbiturates were to replace drugs such as opiates, bromides, and alcohol to induce sleep. Barbiturates are broken down chemically within the liver and eliminated via the kidneys at different rates according to their types: Slow-or long acting; intermediate, and ultra-fast--those producing unconsciousness in just a few minutes. With regular use, the body develops a tolerance to barbiturates that translates into a need for larger and more frequent doses to attain the desired affect. However, while the tolerance increases in terms of realizing a desired effect, tolerance to the lethal level does not. Increases, thus bringing the frequent user closer and closer to the "lethal limit" as they continue to up their doses. Barbiturate abuse can result in two kinds of dependence (addiction), Psychological dependence--that can develop very quickly and involves a commanding need or desire for the hypnotic or relaxing effects of the drug, and physical dependence--that takes longer to develop but is considerable more dangerous because the body reacts violently if the drug is stopped or the dose is sharply reduced.|zParaphernalia for this drug include small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЃDouble Trouble Rainbow Tooles Tuinal|Tablet form Taken Orally|Symptoms may include a sense of excitement before sedation starts to take effect. Symptoms also include slurred speech, lack of coordination, clammy skin, rapid pulse, coma, and possible death. NOTE: Chances of death from overdose is significantly increased when taken in combination with alcohol.|AMYTAL|]Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants and are similar, in many ways, to the depressant effects of alcohol. To date, there are approximately 2,500 derivatives of barbituric acid of which only 15 are used medically. The first barbiturate was synthesized from barbituric acid (malonylurea) in 1864, manufactured for medical use in 1882, and released in 1903 under the brand name Veronal. The original use of barbiturates were to replace drugs such as opiates, bromides, and alcohol to induce sleep. Barbiturates are broken down chemically within the liver and eliminated via the kidneys at different rates according to their types: Slow-or long acting; intermediate, and ultra-fast--those producing unconsciousness in just a few minutes. With regular use, the body develops a tolerance to barbiturates that translates into a need for larger and more frequent doses to attain the desired affect. However, while the tolerance increases in terms of realizing a desired effect, tolerance to the lethal level does not. Increases, thus bringing the frequent user closer and closer to the "lethal limit" as they continue to up their doses. Barbiturate abuse can result in two kinds of dependence (addiction), Psychological dependence--that can develop very quickly and involves a commanding need or desire for the hypnotic or relaxing effects of the drug, and physical dependence--that takes longer to develop but is considerable more dangerous because the body reacts violently if the drug is stopped or the dose is sharply reduced.||Paraphernalia for this drug include small plastic bags, small bottles, syringes, spoons, bottle caps, cotton balls, matches, and butane lighters.|ЃAmytal Blue Angels Blue Birds Blue Devils Blue Heavens Blue Velvet Blues|Tablet form Taken Orally|Symptoms may include a sense of excitement before sedation starts to take effect. Symptoms also include slurred speech, lack of coordination, clammy skin, rapid pulse, coma, and possible death. NOTE: Chances of death from overdose is significantly increased when taken in combination with alcohol.|NITROUS OXIDE|\Nitrous Oxide, sometimes referred to as "laughing gas", is commonly used in conjunction with other more potent anesthetics because, by itself, it does not produce surgical anesthesia. The primary danger associated with this drug is that it can produce hypoxia, (Hypoxia is an abnormal condition resulting from a decrease in the oxygen supplied to or utilized by body tissue.), and therefore is never used medically in concentrations above 80%. Nitrous Oxide has the lowest solubility in blood or any other anesthetic agent and therefore produces the fastest induction and recovery. Nitrous Oxide is probably the safest anesthetic used provided it is used in conjunction with oxygen. If not administered properly, as in the case of uneducated use or abuse, Nitrous Oxide use may result in death by asphyxiation.|rParaphernalia for this drug include handkerchiefs, paper bags (smelling of inhalants), aerosol cans,and buzz bombs (small metal cylinder attached to a pipe or balloon.)|‚Buzz Bombs Laughing Gas Nitrous Oxide Whippets|Gas Inhaled|Initial effects may include feelings of exhilaration, inebriation, dizziness, euphoria, disorientation, and weightlessness. Additional symptoms may include numbness of the face, severe headache, hallucinations, nosebleeds, sneezing, nausea, loss of appetite, and visual impairment. Using large amounts, or deeply breathing in the vapors/fumes can cause violent behavior, unconsciousness, brain damage, and death due to suffocation.|BUTYL NITRITE|\Butyl Nitrite is an inhalant drug that first appeared in 1969. Butyl Nitrite is similar to Amyl Nitrite in that they both belong to the drug class "Vasodilators". Unlike Amyl Nitrite, Butyl Nitrite and Isobutyl Nitrite are not used medically. Abuse of this drug centers around the feeling of weightlessness and a rapid high that seems to give the user a powerful sense of energy. While the use of this drug may not result in physical dependence, prolonged use may result in producing psychological dependence centered around its stimulant effect. Butyl Nitrite also causes rapid pulse, headaches, and the involuntary passing of urine and feces. Deeply inhaling the vapors, or using large amounts over a short period f time, may result in disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness, or death due to suffocation or respiratory arrest.|sParaphernalia for this drug include handkerchiefs, paper bags (smelling of inhalants), aerosol cans,and buzz bombs (small metal cylinder attached to a pipe or balloon.)|‚Bolt Bullet Butyl Nitrite Climax Locker Room Rush|Liquid, normally sold in small bottles Vapors are inhaled|Initial effects may include feelings of exhilaration, inebriation, disorientation, euphoria, and weightlessness. Additionally symptoms may include rapid pulse, headache, coughing, sneezing, nosebleeds, loss of appetite, visual impairment, and involuntary passing of urine and feces. Using large amounts, or deeply breathing in the vapors/fumes can cause violent behavior, unconsciousness, brain damage, and death due to suffocation.|CHLOROHYDROCARBONS|\Chlorohydrocarbons is a chlorine derivative of hydrocarbons. (Note: Hydrocarbons are any compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms). Of all the industrial uses of chorine and hydrochloric acid, 80% is in the production of chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds (known as chlorohydrocarbons) that are used in the production of solvents and cleaning agents in many of today's household products. Chlorohydrocarbons are also used as the propellant in many aerosol sprays, making them at one point easily obtainable to the 13 to 15 year olds who frequently use them. Like other inhalants, Chlorohydrocarbons give the user a feeling of vigor and a sense of weightlessness that some adolescents see as a viable substitute to consuming alcohol--alcohol that is generally much more difficult for them to obtain. The down side of inhaling aerosol sprays and solvents is that the immediate negative effects can include nausea, sneezing, coughing, nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, and loss of appetite. While the initial immediate effects can be unpleasant, they are often overlooked by those who, for whatever reasons, feel the "high" is worth the discomfort. However, to those who continue to use the drug they soon discover it requires increasingly higher doses and/or more frequent use to attain the "high" they are looking for. As this continues, the dangers increase. Deeply inhaling Chlorohydrocarbons, or using large amounts over a short period of time, (as the user would be inclined to do when lower doses just don't work), may result in disorientat ion, violent behavior, unconsciousness, or death due to suffocation or respiratory failure.|qParaphernalia for this drug include handkerchiefs, paper bags (smelling of inhalants), aerosol cans,and buzz bombs (small metal cylinder attached to a pipe or balloon.)|‚Aerosol Sprays Chlorohydrocarbons Cleaning Fluids Spray Paint|Cleaning fluids, and aerosol paint cans Vapors are inhaled|Initial effects may include feelings of exhilaration, inebriation, dizziness, euphoria, disorientation, and weightlessness. Additional symptoms may include numbness of the face, severe headache, hallucinations, nosebleeds, sneezing, nausea, decrease in heart & respiratory rates, loss of appetite, and visual impairment. Using large amounts, or deeply breathing in the vapors/fumes can cause violent behavior, unconsciousness, brain damage, and death due to suffocation.|HYDROCARBONS|\Volatile hydrocarbons are any compound, such as commercially available solvents and aerosols that include items such as glues, gasoline, cleaning solutions, varnish, paint thinners, nail polish remover, lighter fluid, and others, that are distilled from petroleum and natural gas. As the hydrocarbons are inhaled into the lungs and absorbed, the vapors quickly enter the bloodstream and are distributed to the brain and liver. Because most of these hydrocarbon solvents are fat soluble they almost immediately enter the central nervous system and consequently depress vital body functions such as the heart and lungs. Abuse of hydrocarbon inhalants centers around a feeling of weightlessness and increased vigor that often accompany its initial effects on the body. However, like other abused inhalants, deeply inhaling the vapors, or using large amounts over a short period of time, can result in disorientation, violent behavior, unconsciousness, death due to suffocation or respiratory failure. While the risk of physical and psychological dependence is relatively low when using these "drugs", tolerance usually develops and the user will require larger doses to achieve the same effect, thereby significantly increasing the risks associated with hydrocarbon abuse.|qParaphernalia for this drug include handkerchiefs, paper bags (smelling of inhalants), aerosol cans,and buzz bombs (small metal cylinder attached to a pipe or balloon.)|‚Gasoline Glue Hydrocarbons Paint Thinner Solvents|Contained in various products including gasoline, glue, paint thinner, solvents, and aerosol can propellants Vapors are inhaled|Initial effects may include feelings of exhilaration, inebriation, dizziness, euphoria, disorientation, and weightlessness. Additional symptoms may include numbness of the face, severe headache, hallucinations, nosebleeds, sneezing, nausea, decrease in heart & respiratory rates, loss of appetite, and visual impairment. Using large amounts, or deeply breathing in the vapors/fumes can cause violent behavior, unconsciousness, brain damage, and death due to suffocation.|–ZA blood clot formation inside a blood vessel is called a thrombus and is the result of a failure of the mechanism in the blood to keep it fluid. This condition, thrombosis, is particularly dangerous when the clots are carried, as fragments called emboli, to vital organs of the body. A very serious example of this is a stroke where a blood vessel in the brain is blocked by an embolism, e.g. emboli, cutting off the blood supply to that portion of the brain. Arterial (white) thrombus are formed when platelets (thrombocytes) adhere to vessel walls. [platelets are any of certain round or oval, nonucleated disks, smaller than a red blood cell and containing no hemoglobin, found in the blood and are associated with the process of blood clotting]. Arterial thrombus grow as the platelets continue to build up. Venous (red) thrombi form rapidly and lack the organization of arterial thrombus. Venous thrombi are responsible for the floating debri (emboli) that may move on to cause pulmonary embolisms.|Anticoagulants inhibit blood coagulation, antithrombotics prevent platelet buildup, and thrombolytic agents reduce clots that have already formed. Coagulation is a complex process requiring many factors. Basically coagulation occurs in three stages. Stage 1, thromboplastin forms. In stage 2, thromboplastin combines with prothrombin, a plasma protein to form thrombin, an enzyme. In stage 3, thrombin catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen, another plasma protein, into fibrin. Anticoagulants work in basically one of two ways. The drug Heparin, for example, prevents coagulation by preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. The anticoagulant drug Warfarin interferes with the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors. Other drugs inhibit platelet aggregation.|Heparin Warfarin Dicumarol Aspirin Dipyridamole Ticlopidine Ibuprofen PGI2 Streptokinase Urokinase Anistreplase TPA|`]The primary symptom of depression is mood change. The two extremes (depression and mania) are characterized by opposite behaviors. Where depression involves intense feelings of despair, sadness, and hopelessness, mania involves absolute self-confidence, rapid speech, and impaired judgement. Some people may also cycle between the two extremes (depression and mania) and are diagnosed as having Bipolar Affective Disorder. Note: While taking MAO inhibitors, avoid all Tyramine foods completely. Examples of tyramine rich foods are; cheese, fish, baked potato, yogurt, beer, wine, liver, and onions. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a complete list.|Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) is an enzyme [Note: An enzyme is a protein-like substance that acts as an organic catalyst in initiating or speeding up specific chemical reactions] found in nerve cells and other body tissues such as the liver. MAO inhibitors inactivate the enzyme monoamine oxidase allowing an increase build up of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the synaptic space [the synapse is the space, or junction, between two nerve cells] causing the activation of the serotonin and norepinephrine receptors and an antidepressant effect.|Eutonyl Isocarboxazid Marplan Nardil Pargyline Parnate Phenelzine Selegiline Tranylcypromine|\ZAntimicrobial drugs, such as lincomycins, are classified into one of two categories, Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic. Lincomycins are a member of the Bacteriostatic class. Bacteriostatic drugs, e.g. Lincomycins, interfere with the growth and replication of bacteria by allowing the body's own defense system (immune system) to attack and eliminate the bacteria. The other classification, Bactericidal, e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins, actually kill the bacteria by selectively interfering with the synthesis or repair of the bacterial cell wall.|Lincomycins inhibit protein synthesis of specific organisms by binding to an area on the cell's ribosomes. [Ribosomes are minute spherical particles composed of proteins and RNA that manufacture proteins for a living cell. Ribosome are located throughout the cytoplasm of the cell]. Lincomycin is affective against most aerobic gram-positive cocci including staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and other streptococci. [Note: The Gram method is a means of classifying bacteria. Bacteria are stained with a dye, (gentian violet, an iodine solution) and then treated with alcohol. When the alcohol is applied to the stained bacteria, the stain is either lost or retained. If the stain is lost, the bacteria is classified as being Gram-positive].|Lincomycin|mZHypertension is defined as persistently elevated pressure within arteries. This persistent pressure on the artery walls may lead to arterial damage, kidney failure, stroke, and heart attack. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is referred to as "primary" or "essential" hypertension when no underlying causes are apparent, and referred to as "secondary" hypertension when it is associated with other diseases, e.g. kidney disease, heart disease, etc.. [Note: normal adult blood pressure is around 120/80. The top number, (e.g. 120), is the systolic pressure and essentially is a measurement of blood pressure during the contraction of the heart muscle. The lower number, (e.g. 80), is the diastolic pressur e and represents the blood pressure as the heart is filling (or resting, so the speak) between beats. When blood pressure exceeds 145/90 it is referred to as hypertension or high blood pressure].|Presynaptic adrenergic release inhibitors are divided into two categories, "central" and "peripheral". Central antiadrenergic antihypertensives act on the central nervous system to slow heart rate and relax bood vessels. Some of these drugs, e.g. methyldopa, reduce the passage of impulses along specific nerve pathways and result in an overall relaxing of blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and less work for the heart. Peripheral antiadrenergic antihypertensives prevent norepinephrine release from peripheral nerve terminals (like those that terminate on the heart muscles). Some of these drugs, e.g. reserpine, work by inhibiting nerves that constrict blood vessels, relaxing them and allowing blood to flow more easily.|Clonidine Methyldopa Guanabenz Reserpine Guanethiding Guanadrel Pargyline|uZHypertension is defined as persistently elevated pressure within arteries. This persistent pressure on the artery walls may lead to arterial damage, kidney failure, stroke, and heart attack. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is referred to as "primary" or "essential" hypertension when no underlying causes are apparent, and referred to as "secondary" hypertension when it is associated with other diseases, e.g. kidney disease, heart disease,etc.. [Note: normal adult blood pressure is around 120/80. The top number (e.g. 120), is the sysolic pressure and estentially is a measurement of blood pressure during the contraction of the heart muscle. The lower number, (e.g. 80) is the diastolic pressure and represents the blood pressure as the heart is filling, (or resting, so to speak) between beats. When blood pressure exceeds 145/90 it is referred to as hypertension or high blood pressure.]|Both Angiotensin Coverting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers are vasodilators. Calcium Channel Blockers (also used to treat angina pectoris) work by inhibiting the passage of calcium into muscle cells. Muscle cells need calcium to contract, so by decreasing the amount of calcium that can enter a muscle cell, both heart and blood vessel muscles can relax, thereby increasing the amount of blood and oxygen to the heart. ACE inhibitors work by reducing peripheral vascular resistance (hypertension results from increased peripheral vascular smooth muscle tone). ACE inhibitors disrupt a series of biochemical events that lead to tightening of the blood vessels. Some ACE inhibitors, e.g. catopril and enalapril, are also used to treat congestive heart failure.|Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril Quinapril Ramipril Bepridil Diltiazem Felodipine Isradipine Nicardipine Nifedipine Verapamil|n\Hypertension is defined as persistently elevated pressure within the arteries. This persistent pressure on the artery walls may lead to arterial damage, kidney failure, stroke, and heart attack. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is referred to as "primary" or "essential" hypertension when no underlying causes are apparent, and referred to as "secondary" hypertension when it is associated with another dieases, e.g. kidney disease, heart disease, etc.. [Note: normal adult blood pressure is around 120/80. The number at the top (e.g. 120), is the systolic pressure and essentially is a measurement of blood pressure during the contraction of the heart muscle. The lower number, (e.g. 80) is the diastolic pressure and represents the blood pressure as the heart is filling between beats. When blood pressure exceeds 145/90 it is referred to as hypertension or high blood pressure].|There are basically four types of diuretics used today to treat hypertension: Thiazide, Loop, Potassium-Sparing, and Osmotic. Thiazide diuretics work by increasing the amount of salt and water eliminated by the body through increased urination, and by relaxing the walls of smaller arteries allowing them to expand. Therefore because water reduction decreases the volume of blood, and artery walls are dilated, blood pressure decreases. Loop diuretics work by acting on a part of the kidney known as the loop of Henle. Loop diuretics inhibit chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending loop of the Henle. The result of this action (elimination of excess salts and water through urination) decreases the volume of blood flowing through the blood vessles and lowers blood pressure. Potassium-Sparing diuretics work like other diuretics (e.g. Thiazide and Loop) in that they too increases the elimination of salts and water from the body by urination. This type of diuretic maintains the body's potassium level and effects the "distal convoluted tabule" portion of the kidney. Osmotic diuretics (e.g. Mannitol) osmotically (osmosis is the p rocess of a solvent passing through the wall of a living cell, e.g. the diffusion of fluids through a membrane or porous partition) inhibibit the reabsorbtion of water and salts throughout the nephron. [a nephron is the functional unit of the kidney containing the various parts of the loop of Henle].|Hydochlorothiazide Furosemide Ethacrynic Acid Bumetanide Amiloride Spironolactone Triamterine Mannitol|™ZAngina Pectoris essentially means pain in the chest. Usually the result of narrowing of the coronary arteries due to cholesterol deposits (atherosclerosis) but can also be the result of spasms in an artery. Angina is not a heart attack (myocardial infarction) but should be interpreted as a strong warning. Generally, during periods of emotional stress or physical exertion, when the oxygen needs of the heart muscle are greater, one can feel a dull suffocating pain in the center of the chest that indicates a sufficient lack of oxygen to the heart muscle. The pain of angina is usually very brief, lasting from three to four minutes. During this attack period the pain in the center of the chest may radiate to the neck and down the left arm. Occasionally, the pain may move from the chest to the right arm, stomach, or back. There are basically three types of Angina. 1) Stable Angina, a temporary condition that does not lead to detectable damage to the heart muscle. In this type of Angina, the chest pain is the result of stress or exertion and ceases with rest. 2) Unstable Angina, more severe than stable Angina and can act up even during rest. This type of angina can lead to permanent heart damage. 3) Varient (Prinzmetal's) Angina, is caused by spasms in the arteries, as opposed to the narrowing of the arteries due to cholesterol deposits, and can occur while the body is at rest but often occurs about the same time each day.|There are basically three types of drugs used to treat Angina. Nitrates, Beta-Blockers, and Calcium Blockers. Nitrates, such as Nitroglycerin, Amyl Nitrate, and Isosorbide Dinitrate, induce vasodilation (dialation of blood vessels) within minutes, and work by relaxing the smooth muscle cells within the walls of the coronary arteries to increase the blood supply to the heart, allowing it to pump more easily. Beta-Blockers are used to reduce the frequency and severity of attacks and work by slowing the heart rate and reducing blood pressure, thus allowing the heart to pump muc h more efficiently. Calcium Blockers work by inhibiting the entrance of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of the arteries and heart muscle. All calcium channel blockers are vasodilators and work by decreasing smooth muscle tone and vascular resistance. The effect, lowering of blood pressure and widening of the coronary arteries, allows the heart to pump more easily.|Nitroglycerin Amyl Nitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate Verapamil Nifedipine Diltiazem Propranolol Betaxolol Oxprenolol Timolol Maleate|q]The underlying cause for seizures is a result of hypersynchronicity (hyperactivity) of the neurons (nerve cells) in the brain. In the case of epilepsy, seizures are classified into 4 major categories. Focal seizures (consciousness is not lost); Absence seizures Petit mal (characterized by a sudden cessation of activity and blank stares); Generalized Tonic-Clonic seizures Grand mal (total-body lurching and arrested breathing that results in cyanosis); and Status Epilepticus (a series of continuous seizures without regaining consciousness.) In addition to Epilepsy, seizures can be attributed to meningitis, head trauma, drug reactions, eclampsia, alcohol withdrawal, hypoglycemia, encephalitis, and hypomagnesemia.|The primary action of anticonvulsants is to elevate the seizure threshold of the central nervous systems motor cortex to electrical or chemical stimulation at the molecular level. Stabilization of the cell membrane is not yet completely understood at this time.|Acetazolamide Benzodiazepine Bromides Carbamazepine Clonazepam Diazepam Ethosuximide Ethotoin Magnesium Sulfate Mephenytoin Mephobarbital Metharbital Methsuximide Paraldehyde Paramethadione Phenacemide Phenobarbital Phensuximide Phenytoin Primidone Trimethadione Valporic Acid|[ZAntimicrobial drugs, such as erythromycins, are classified into one of two categories, Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic. Erythromycins are a member of the Bacteriostatic class. Bacteriostatic drugs e.g. Erythromycins, interfere with the growth and replication of bacteria by allowing the body's own defense system (immune system) to attack and eliminate the bacteria. The other classification, Bactericidal, e.g. Penicillins, and Cephalosporins, actually kill the bacteria by selectively interfering with the synthesis or repair of the bacterial cell wall.|Erythromycins inhibit protein synthesis of specific organisms by binding to an area on the cell's ribosomes. [Ribosomes are minute spherical particles composed of proteins and RNA that manufacture proteins for a living cell. Ribosomes are located throughout the cytoplasm of the cell]. Erythromycins are effective against the same organisms as the bactericidal drug penicillin G and is used in people who are allergic to penicillin.|Erythromycin|ZZAntimicrobal drugs such as tetracyclines are classified into one of two categories, bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Tetracyclines are a member of the bacteriostatic class. Bacteriostatic drugs, e.g. Tetracyclines, interfere with the growth and replication of bacteria by allowing the body's own defense system (immune system) to attack and eliminate the bacteria. The other classification, bactericidal, e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins, actually kill the bacteria by selectively interfering with the synthesis or repair of the bacterial cell wall. Clinical uses of tetracyclines are limited due to the widespread resistance by many bacteria. It is also known that any organism resistant to one tetracycline is resistant to all.|Tetracyclines are protein synthesis inhibitors and may alter the cytoplasmic membrane [cytoplasm is the protoplasm of a cell outside the nucleus] of the organism and result in leakage of nucleotides from the cell. While affective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria , tetracyclines are ineffective against fungi and viruses. [Note: The Gram method is a means of classifying bacteria. Bacteria are stained with a dye, gentian violet, and iodine solution, and then treated with alcohol. When the alcohol is applied to the stained bacteria, the stain is either lost or retained. If the stain is lost, the bacteria is classified as Gram-negative. If the stain is retained, the bacteria is classified Gram-positive].|Tetracycline Doxycycline Minocycline Demeclocyline|_ZAntibacterial drugs, such as sulfonamides, are classified into one of two categories, bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Sulfonamides are a member of the bacteriostatic class. Bacteriostatic drugs, e.g. Sulfonamides, interfere with the growth and replication of bacteria by allowing the body's own defense system (immune system) to attack and eliminate the bacteria. The other classification, bactericidal, e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins, actually kill the bacteria by selectively interfering with the synthesis or repair of the bacterial cell wall.|All Sulfonamides are related structurally to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (a member of the vitamin B complex). Sulfonamides rival PABA in the bacterial cell and prevent it from being incorporated into folate. Because bacteria cannot absorb folic acid (folate) and rely on their ability to synthesis it from pteridine and PABA, the action of sulfonamides prevents the synthesis of bacterial folic acid and results in their destruction.|Sulfadiazine Sulfamethoxazole Sulfasalazine Sulfisoxazole Sulfacetamide Mafenide Trimethoprim Co-trimoxazole|•ZAntimicrobal drugs, such as Cephalosporin, are classified into one of two categories, Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic. Cephalosporin is a member of the bactericidal class. While bacteriostatic drugs interfere with the growth and replication of bacteria, allowing the body's own defense system (immune system) to attack and eliminate the bacteria, bactericidal drugs (e.g. Cephalosporin) actually kill the bacteria by selectively interfering with the synthesis or repair of the bacterial cell wall. Cephalosporins have the same manner of action and mechanism of resistance as that of penicillin.|Based on bacterial susceptibility patterns and resistance to lactamases, cephalosporins are classified as first, second, or third generation. First generation cephalosporins are affective against Staphylococcal penicillinase, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Second generation cephalosporins are affective against Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter coli, and Neisseria species. Third generation cephalosporins are much less affective than first generation cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci but are particularly affective against gram-negative bacilli. [Note: The Gram method is a means of classifying bacteria. Bacteria are stained with gentian violet, and iodine solution, and then treated with alcohol. When the alcohol is applied to the stained bacteria, the stain is either lost or retained. If the stain is lost, the bacteria is classified as Gram-Negative. If the stain is retained, the bacteria is classified as Gram-Positive]. Due to poor oral absorption, all cephalosporins, with the exception of cefadroxil, cephalexin, cephradine (all three are first generation), cefaclor (second generation) and cefixime (third generation), must be administered intravenously.|1st Generation: Cefazolin Cefadroxil Cephalexin Cephalothin Cephapirin Cephradine 2nd Generation: Cefaclor Cefamandole Cefonicid Ceforanide Cefotetan Cefoxitin Cefuroxime 3rd Generation Cefixime Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime Ceftizoxime Ceftriaxone Moxalactam|jZHypertension is defined as persistently elevated pressure within arteries. This persistent pressure on the artery walls may lead to arterial damage, kidney failure, stroke, and heart attack. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is referred to as "primary" or "essential" hypertension when no underlying causes are apparent, and referred to as "secondary" hypertension when it is associated with another disease, e.g.kidney disease, heart disease, etc.. [Note: normal adult blood pressure is around 120/80. The top number, (e.g. 120) is the systolic pressure and esentially is a measurement of blood pressure during the contraction of the heart muscle. The lower number, (e.g. 80) is the diastolic pressure and represents the blood pressure as the heart is filling (or resting, so to speak) between beats. When blood pressure exceeds 145/90 it is referred to as hypertension or high blood pressure].|Beta-Adrenergic blocking drugs are used to treat high blood pressure as well as treatment for heart arrhythmias, angina, and migraine headaches. Beta-blockers work by blocking adrenergic stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors within heart muscles and the smooth muscle cells of the vascular system. By blocking certain nerve impulses, beta-blockers reduce the workload of the heart by reducing cardiac output. Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart (approximately 6 quarts per minute).|Acebutolol Atenolol Betaxolol Hydrochloride Carteolol Hydrochloride Labetalol Hydrochloride Metoprolol Tartrate Nabolol Penbutolol Pindolol Propranolol Hydrochloride Timolol Meleate|]ZInflammation is a normal response to injury of body tissues. Inflammation is characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain. The heat and redness are caused by an influx of blood to the affected area. The pain and swelling are due in part to the increase of blood into the injured area but more so due to an influx of lymph into the area that distends the tissue, compresses nerve endings, and results in pain. [Lymph is a clear, yellowish fluid resembling blood plasma, found in intercellular spaces and in the lymphatic vessels. Lymph is the clear liquid given off from inflamed body tissue]. Because inflammation is the body's attempt at killing invading organisms (e.g. bacteria), or to remove irritants and prepare the injured area for repair, it is an important part of the healing process. Despite this protective reaction to injury, inflammation can be inappropriately triggered, e.g. by pollens or autoimmune responses. Because injured tissues release prostaglandins, a hormone-like substance, that can irritate nerve endings and cause pain, anti-inflammatories such as (NSAIDs) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs act by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins. Unlike (NSAIDs), non-narcotic analgesics have very little anti-inflammatory activity but they do inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system.|Aspirin is said to be the prototype of (NSAIDs) in terms of its ability to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. The blocking of prostaglandin synthesis prevents the sensation of pain. The three major actions of (NSAIDs) and aspirin are to reduce inflammation, reduce pain associated to inflammation, and diminish fever (antipyretic action). The anti-inflammatory action inhibits cyclooxygenase (an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins) thus leading to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The analgesic action of (NSAIDs) is accomplished by its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. This is possibly due to the fact that prostaglandin sensit izes the nerve endings to the actions of certain chemicals released by the inflammation process. The anti-fever (antipyretic) effect of (NSAIDs) is accomplished by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandin and its release by the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. The thermoregulatory response is triggered by the fever producing agent (pyrogen) that is released by white cells that are inflamed, infected, or activated by hypersensitivity (as in the case of allergies).|Aspirin Phenylbutazone Indomethacin Sulindac Tolmetin Ibuprofen Piroxicam Fenamates Acetaminophen Phenacetin|њZThe adult human heart is about the size of closed fist. The heart beats an average of 70 times per minute for a total in excess of 2.5 billion times during a 70 year life span. The human heart beat initiates in a small portion of the heart near the entrance of the superior vena cava (the vein that funnels blood from the chest, head, neck, and arms, back into the heart). Inside this portion of the heart are a specialized set of cells (tissue) known as the Sinoatrial node (S.A.) that acts as pace maker of the heart. The S.A. regulates the contractions of the heart by initiating electrical impulses that travel through the muscle fibers that make up the venetricles and atria. Rhythm disorders (dysrhythmias) can be classified into two main categories. If the heart is beating too slowly (less than 60 beats per minute) it is known as "Bradycardias". If the heart is beating too rapidly (greater than 100 beats per minute) it is known as "Tachycardias". Arrhythmias can occur when one or more sections of the heart beat too slowly (bradycardia); beat too rapidly (tachycardia); beats without the electrical impulses provided by the S.A. node: or when electrical impulses are mischanneled and inadvertantly depolarize portions of the heart out of sequence (known as A-V reentry).|There are basically four classes of antiarrhythmic drugs used today. Class 1 drugs work by blocking sodium channels that are voltage-sensitive thereby stabilizing the electrical activity within the muscle cells of the heart. This class of drug is known as Sodium Channel Blockers. This class of anti-arrhythmics is further broken down into class 1b and class 1c. Class 1b drugs are generally used in treating ventricular arrhythmias when heart cells are firing rapidly. Class 1c drugs bind slowly with the sodium channels and result in a significant slowing of conduction [conduction is the transmission of nerve impulses as in the transmission of electricity by the passage of energy from nerve cell to nerve cell]. Class 2 drugs are kn own as Beta-Adrenergic Blockers and work by blocking the effect of Adrenaline on the heart muscles. While this class is generally used for less serious types of arrhythmias, they work well to prevent the development of rapid heart rhythms associated with the atria [there are two sections of the heart known as the atrium. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava. (Superior and inferior vena cava return deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body respectively) The left atrium is the portion of the heart that receives fully oxygenated blood from the lungs]. Class 3 drugs are known as Potassium Channel Blockers and work by repolarizing the heart cells by blocking potassium channels (diminishing the outward potassium current). Class 3 drugs tend to prolong repolorization and are used for arryhthmias associated with the atria or ventricles, [there are two sections of the heart known as the ventricles. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary artery to the lungs (the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen). The left ventricle pumps fully oxygenated blood to the Aorta where it is carried throughout the body.] Class 4 drugs are known as Calcium Channel Blockers and work by decreasing the inward current carried by Calcium. Calcium blockers suppress the excitability of the heart muscle and transmission of electrical impulses. Other antiarrhythmics include drugs such Digoxin that slows conduction velocity throughout the heart.|Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide Lidocaiine Mexiletine Tocainide Phenytoin Flecainide Encainide Propafenone Propranolol Metoprolol Esmolol Bretylium Amiodarone|aZWhile protozoal infections are common to under developed countries worldwide, the occurance in this country is due primarily to the ease of world travel. Diseases such as malaria, giardiasis, amebiasis, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, and trypanosomiasis should be a concern to all world travelers. It is also important to note that many drugs used in the treatment of protozoal infections are not commercially available in the United States but can be obtained from the Center For Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. Protozoal infections are result of a number of various organisms that can manifest themselves and reproduce in many parts of the human body. Amebiasis (also known as amebic dysentary) is the result of protozoa that invade and thrive in the human intestinal tract, feeding on the normal intestinal flora that live there. Leishmaniasis is the result of bites inflicted by infected sandflies. The protozoa transmitted by the sandfly enters the human cells, changes some of this physical characteristics, then multiplies and eventually kills the host cell. Trypanosomiasis (also known as African and American sleeping sickness) are chronic and eventually fatal diseases caused by the protozoa trypanosome. With this disease, the organism initially live and reproduce in the human cells and later move on to infect the central nervous system. Toxoplasmosis is a very common infection caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii. This organism is transmitted to humans who eat raw (or inadequately cooked) meat that has been infected with the protozoa. Malaria is caused by the protozoal genus plasmodium and invades the human body through the bite of the female anopheles mosquito. When the organism enters the human blood steam, the parasites devour the red pigment and iron-containing portion of the blood cell. With time the red blood cell ruptures and the cycle is continued as the parasites invade and destroy additional blood cells.|Antiprotozoal drugs work in a number of different ways depending on the spe cific organism and the mechanism of the drug being used. An example of this would be the therapeutic strategy employed to combat Amebiasis (Amebic dysentery). Because this organism, Entamoeba histolytica, invades the human intestinal tract where it feeds on the natural flora that grows there, one way of disrupting its life cycle is to use a drug, e.g. tetracycine, that will eliminate the intestinal flora in the human intestine that the protozoa feed from. Another example, in the case of malaria, the drug chloroquine appears to bind to the nucleoproteins within the organism and interferes with the protein synthesis necessary for its survival.|Metronidazole Diloxanide Furoate Paromomycin Chloraquine Emetine Dehydroemetine Sodium Stibogluconate Melarsoprol Pentamidine Nifurtimox Suramin Pyrimethamine Primaquine Chloroquine Quinine Mefloquine Pyrimethamine Chloroguanide| YHistamine is a chemical that is produced in many of the bodies of tissues with the highest concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and skin. Within these body tissues are most cells and Basophils that actually release histamine in response to a number of various antigens. [Antigens are enzymes, toxins, or other substance, usually of high molecular weight, to which a body reacts by producing antibodies. An antibody is a protein produced in the body in response to contact of the body with an antigen, and having the specific capacity of neutralizing, hence creating immunity to the antigen.] When histamines are released, they bind to either H1 or H2 histamine receptors resulting in a number of effects. H1 receptors influence the lungs, veins, capillaries, adrenal medulla, and gastrointestinal muscles. H2 receptors influence the stomach and the heart. When both H1 and H2 receptors are stimulated they can influence the heart, capillaries, and arterioles.|The term antihistamine more often than not refers to the specific drugs that block H1 receptors in that they are the ones that are particularly effective in treating allergies. H2 antihistamines are used to inhibit pepsin and acid secretion in the gastrointestinal tract and are often used to treat peptic ulcer disease. Both H1 and H2 antihistamines compete with the released histamines in order to block its effect.|Diphenhydramine Dimenhydrinate Cyclizine Meclizine Cimetidine Ranitidine Famotidine Nizatidine|YViruses are unique in that they do not have a cell wall, a cell membrane, nor do they carry out metabolic processes. [metabolism is the physical and chemical processes continuously going on in living organisms and cells, comprising those by which assimilated food is built up (anabolism) into protoplasm, and those by which protoplasm is used and broken down (catabolism) into simpler substances or waste matter, with the release of energy for all vital processes]. It is important to note that viral reproduction uses many of the host's metabolic processes and that many drugs can not forestall viral reproduction without also damaging the host cell. There are basically three categories of antiviral drugs used today. Drugs to treat respiratory viruses, drugs to treat herpes viruses, and drugs to treat human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). Drugs used to treat respiratory viruses, e.g. Amantadine, Rimantadine, Ribavirin, and Interferon are effective against influenza type "A" and RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus). Drugs used to treat herpes viruses, e.g. Acyclovir, Vidarabine, Idoxuridine, and Ganciclovir are effective against diseases that include viral encephalitis, cold sores, and genital viral infections (especially dangerous to newborns). Drugs used to treat human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are currently being used in the treatment of Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease (AIDS). Additionally, patients who have transplants are particularly susceptible to a virus that causes Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and require intravenous therapy of Gancyclovir under strict hospital conditions.|The exact mechanism of antiviral activity for some drugs has not yet been fully established. In some cases antivirals may prevent penetration of a virus into a host cell by inhibiting the uncoating of the virus thereby reducing the possibility of viral reproduction. Some antivirals are belived to interfere with DNA synthesis and therefore inhibit viral reproduction. Others, like Ribavirin, are believed to interfere with RN A and DNA synthesis and subsequently inhibit protein synthesis and viral reproduction.|Acyclovir Vidarabine Idoxuridine Ganciclovir Amantadine Rimantadine Ribavirin Interferon Zidovudine (AZT)|ќ]The primary symptom of depression is mood change. The two extremes (depression and mania) are characterized by opposite behaviors. Where depression involves intense feelings of despair, sadness, and hopelessness, mania involves absolute self-confidence, rapid speech, and judgement that is basically impaired. Some people may also cycle between the two extremes (depression and mania) and are diagnosed as having Bipolar Affective Disorder.|The Biogenic Amine theory purports that depression is the result of a deficiency of the monoamines (neurotransmitters) norepinephrine and serotonin at specific locations in the brain. Contrawise, mania would be the result of an excess of these same neurotransmitters. [note: A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance, e.g. norepinephrine and serotonin, that transmits nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another at a synapse. The synapse being the junction between the two nerve cells]. One possible action of both tricyclic and polycyclic antidepressants is the blocking of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine re-uptake (back into the presynaptic end bulb) at the synapse between the two nerve cells, thus leading to a greater concentration of these neurotransmitters in the synapse and an antidepressant effect.|Amitriptyline Amoxapine Clomipramine Desipramine Doxepin Imipramine Maprotiline Nortriptyline Protriptyline Lithium Salts|џZThe primary purpose of sympathomimetics is to improve cardiac output and blood pressure, relieve bronchoconstriction, treat anaphylaxis, some types of arrhythmias, heart block, cardiac arrest, and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Sympathomimetics are designed to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, that part of the body's nervous system that regulates most of the involuntary organs of the body (glands, heart, involuntary muscles, and blood vesels).|The action of sympathomimetics is to increase or stimulate the effect of norepinephrine and epinephrine (both hormones released by the adrenal medulla) on the alpha and beta adrenergic receptors within the sympathetic nervous system. The net effect of this hormonal influence on the system is an increase of heart rate and blood pressure and is reponsible for the "fight or flight" response the body feels during an emergency. There are three types of sympathomimetic drugs: direct; indirect, and mixed. Direct drugs mimic norepinephrine and attach to adrenergic receptors without affecting the presynaptic neuron. Indirect drugs influence the presynaptic neuron and force the release of epinephrine into the synaptic space and do not bind to the adrenergic receptors themselves as do the "direct" sympathomimetrics. Mixed sympathomimetics have a combined effect or both "direct" and "indirect" sympathomimetics.|Dobutamine Hydrochloride Dopamine Hydrochloride Ephedrine Sulfate Epinephrine Epinephrine Bitartrate Epinephrine Hydrochloride Ethylnorepinephrine Hydrochloride Isoproterenol Hydrochloride Isoproterenol Sulfate Levarterenol Bitartrate Mephentermine Sulfate Metaproterenol Sulfate Metaraminol Bitartrate Methoxamine Hydrochloride Methoxyphenamine Hydrochloride Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Prtokylol Hydrochloride Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Terbutaline Sulfate|Y[Fungi are found in two forms, yeast and molds. Disease caused by fungi are called "mycoses" and are usually chronic in nature. (Chronic is distinguished from "acute" in that a disease is considered chronic if it lasts a long time or is frequently recurring). While bacteria are resistant to antifungal drugs, fungi are resistant to antibacteria drugs thereby making their treatment specialized. Fungi have a unique rigid cell wall that serves as the target of opportunity for their destruction because of its permeability to certain drugs. A great number of fungi infections are classified as superficial and only involve the skin. However, when superficial infections invade the skin barrier they are classified as subcutaneous (beneath the skin) infections and become more serious and difficult to treat.|Antifungal drugs are divided into two categories of drug, drugs used to treat superficial mycoses, and drugs used to treat subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. Superficial infections (called dermatophytes) have been successfully treated with Clotrimazole, Griseofulvin, Econazole, Miconazole, and Nystatin. In the case of Griseofulvin, the drug enters the fungi cell wall and ultimately disrupts the mitotic spindle and inhibits mitosis. [mitosis is the process of a cell reproduction/division where the chromatids within the cell nucleus split in half, forming two exact sets, then move apart to form two carbon copy nuclei and eventually two indentical cells]. Drugs used to treat subcutaneous and systemic mycotic infections include Amphotercin-B, Flucytosine, Ketoconazole, and Fluconazole. In the case of Amphotercin-B (a polyene antibiotic) the polyene molecules bind to portions of the cell membrane and eventually form pores (or channels) that allow essential electrolytes (especially potassium) to flow out of the cell and result in its death. A common fungus infection is that of Candida and often infects the vagina or the mouth (thrush). In the case of thrush, the usual treatment is with the drug Nystatin. For vaginal fungus infections, a common treatment is with the drug Miconazole.|Amphotercin-B Clotrimazol Co-Trimoxazole Econazole Fluconazole Flucytosine Griseofulvin Itraconazole Ketoconazole Miconazole Natamycin Nystatin Pentamidine|\ZAntibacterial (antimicrobial) drugs are classified into one of two categories, Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic. Bacteriostatics are used to limit the spread of specific micro-organisms and arrest infection while the body's own defense system (immune system) attacks and eliminates the pathogens [a pathogen is any virus or microorganism that can cause disease] from the body. The second class of antibacterials, Bactericidal, actually attack and destroy the invading pathogen by interfering with its growth or reproduction and do so without the aid of the body's immune system, unlike Bacteriostatic drugs. Microorganisms can often by identified by knowing the site of infection and the gram-stain characteristics of the pathogen. The Gram method of identification is a process where a bacteria is stained with gentian violet dye, an iodine solution, and then treated with alcohol. When the alcohol is applied to the stained baceria, the stain is either lost or retained (depending on particular characteristics of the bacterial cell wall). If the stain is lost, the bacteria is classified as Gram-negative. If the stain is retained, the bacteria is Gram-positive. Gram-positive Cocci live on the skin of most people and can poduce infections when introduced to open wounds (includes surgery sites) and catheters (indwelling). Gram-negative pathogens are divided into four subgroups: Pseudomonas; Haemophilus influenzae; Neisseria; and Enterics (Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Proteus, and others that ordinarily live in the gastrointestinal tract) and are responsible for urinary and bladder infections, sinus infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. Another type of pathogen, Anaerobes, [anaerobes are microorganisms that live and proliferate where there is no free oxygen (as in some body tissues) and get their oxygen by the decomposition of compounds containing it], are both gram-positive and negative. Anaerobic baceria are usually encapsuled in an abcess wall and produce a foul-smelling gas at the site of the infection. Anaerobes are primarily responsible for botulism and tetanus and are normally found on the skin, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract of most people.|Antibacterials work in a number of ways. Some Bactericidal antibacterials kill bacteria by preventing repair or synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It is interesting to note that human cells lack cell walls and are usally unaffected by the action of this type of antibacterial, explaining why this type of antibacterial, e.g. Penicillins and Cephalosporins, have few adverse side effects (with the exception of hypersensitivity/ anaphylaxis) in some people. Other Bactericidals, e.g. Aminoglycosides, are protein synthesis inhibitors and destroy susceptible bacteria by binding to a particular area on the bacteria cells ribosomes [ribosomes are minute spherical particles composed of proteins and RNA that manufacture proteins for a living cell. Ribosomes are located throughout the cytoplasm of a cell.] and prevent protein synthesis. Another type of protein synthesis inhibitor drugs are Bacteriostatic and inhibit protein synthesis by binding (like some Bactericidals) to the bacteria's ribosomes. These drugs, e.g. Erythromycin, Tetracycline, etc., are different from Bactericidals in that they do not directly destroy the bacteria. Some Bacteriostatics, e.g. Sulfonamides, and Trimethoprim, inhibit RNA, DNA, and protein production by blocking the cells ability to synthesis Folate (Folic Acid) from Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA). Some antibacterials, used primarily for urinary tract infections, are used because they are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms common to the urinary tract. These drugs, e.g. Quinolones, Norfloxacin, etc., inhibit DNA gyrase (an enzyme that is vital for bacterial reduplication). It is important to note that this action (DNA inhibiting) is also a common mechanism of action for both anticancer and antiviral drugs.|Bactericidal cell wall inhibitors: Penicillins Cephalosporins Vancomycin Bacitracin Imipenem/Cilastatin Aztreonam (Azactam) D-Cycloserine (Seromycin) Bactericidal cell wall Inhibitors (B-Lactam drugs): Penicillin-G Procaine Pen G Benzathine Pen G Penicillin V Methicillin Oxacillin Nafcillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Carbenicillin Ticarcillin Indanyl-Carbenicillin Piperacillin Mezlocillin Bactericidal Cell Wall Inhibitors (Cephalosporins): Cephalexin Cephazolin Cephalothin Cephradine Cephadroxil Cephaprin Cefaclor Cefuroxime Cephamandole Cefoxitin Cefotetan Cefonicid Ceforanide Cefmetazole Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone Cefixime Ceftizoxime Cephoperazone Moxalactam Ceftazidime Bactericidal Protein Synthesis Inhibitors (Aminoglycosides): Amikacin Tobramycin Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Streptomycin Paromomycin Bacteriostatic Protein synthesis Inhibitors: Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Erythromycin/Sulfisoxazole Lincomycin Clindamycin Tetracycline Doxycycline Demeclocycline Minocin Spectinomycin Bacteriostatic Folate (Folic Acid) Inhibitors: Sulfadiazine Sulfisoxazole Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) Sulfasalazine Sulfapyridine Trimethoprim|•ZAntimicrobial drugs, such as penicillin are classified into one of two categories, Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic. Penicillin is a member of the Bactericidal class. While Bacteriostatic drugs interfere with the growth and replication of bacteria, allowing the body's own defense system (immune system) to attack and eliminate the bacteria, Bactericidal drugs (e.g. Penicillin) actually kill the bacteria by selectively interfering with the synthesis or repair of the bacterial cell wall. Penicillins are the most widely effective and least toxic antibiotics.|Penicillins are used to disrupt the last step in the synthesis (building) of the bacterial cell walls by binding with the proteins on the bacterial cell membrane. The proteins on the bacterial cell wall that bind with the penicillin are the enzymes that are responsible for the maintenance of the basic structural feature of the bacteria. When exposed to penicillin antibiotics, the cell then undergoes lysis (the process of cell destruction) through the action of the lysin penicillin. [ A Lysis is any antibody capable of dissolving bacteria].|Penicillin G Penicillin V Methicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Cloxacillin Dicloxacillin Ampicillin Amoxicillin Carbenicillin Ticarcillin Piperacillin Mezlocillin Azlocillin Other Bacterial Drugs Include: Aminoglycosides Bacitracin Carbapenems Cephalosporins Colistin Methenamine Monobactams Polymyxin B Quinolones Vancomycin|ibAdrenal Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex is that part of the adrenal gland [adrenal glands are located attached to, and on top of, the kidneys. The outer portion of the adrenal gland is referred to as the adrenal cortex, while the inner portion is referred to as the adrenal medulla] that secretes corticosteroid hormones (important for the body's metabolism). The adrenal cortex is divided into three sections (zones). The inner most zone (Zona Reticularis) produces adrenal adrogens (e.g. testosterone); the middle zone (Zona Fasciculata) produce glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) that affect the body's resistance to stress as well as normal metabolism; the outer most zone (Zona Glomerulosa) produces mineralocorticoids (e.g. aldosterone) that regulate water and salt metabolism. Corticosteroids (e.g. cortisone, triamcinolone, prednisone, etc) are used to treat conditions such as adrenocortical insufficiency, inflammation, Addison's disease, Cushing's disease, bronchial asthma, allergic reactions, etc.|Corticosteroids are the hormones that are actually secreted by the body's (adrenal cortex) or are synthetic analogs of those natural hormones. Corticosteroids are produced in response to stimulation by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland. ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete a greater than normal amount of all hormones normally produced.|Betamethasone Beclomethasone Cortisone Desoxycorticosterone Dexamethasone Fludrocortisone Hydocortisone Methylprednisolone Paramethasone Prednisolone Prednisone Triamcinolone|hYAsthma is a respiratory disorder that causes airflow obstruction due to inflammation of the bronchial wall, bronchiolar contraction, and excessive mucous secretion. Asthma attacks can last from minutes to days and can occur at any time (even during sleep). Attacks can be triggered by a number of different substances to include pollen, smoke, dust, mold spores, etc. When not allergy related, attacks can be set off by emotional stress, infections, strenuous exercise, or even breathing cold air. Antiasthmatic drugs are designed to affect the central nervous systems influence on respiration, act directly on the bronchial airways by relaxing the bronchial smooth muscle, or by reducing bronchial mucous secretion.|There are a number of different drugs used in the treatment of asthma. Adrenergic agonists such as epinephrine or isoproterenol can be used to treat acute attacks and are generally administered by injection or aerosol. These drugs enlarge the bronchioles but can also overstimulate the heart and should not be used for extended periods. Drugs like metaproterenol and terbutaline are similar to epinephrine and isoproterenol but have much less of an affect on the heart and can be taken orally. However, drug tolerance can develop with these drugs making them less effective for future attacks if they are used for extended periods. Theophylline can be used for extended periods but requires close medical supervision because the rate of absorption varies greatly from person to person, causing nausea and vomiting in those who build up toxic levels of this drug in their body. Corticosteroids have been used to control asthma but may result in developing drug dependence in some people. Additionally, adverse side effects of this drug can include elevated blood pressure, ulcers, and stunted growth in children. Cromolyn is a drug that can prevent asthma attacks by inhibiting the release of histamines and is affective against both exercise and allergy induced bronchoconstriction.|Albuterol Metaproterenol Terbutaline Isoetharine Pirbuterol Bitolterol Epinephrine Isoproterenol Ipratropium Atropine Aminophylline Dyphylline Theophylline Beclomethasone Dexamethasone Flunisolide Triamcinolone Cromolyn Nedocromil|gbThe thyroid gland is located just below the larynx and is composed of spherical sacs called thyroid follicles. The wall of each follicle consists of two types of cells: follicular cells, and parafollicular cells (called "C" cells). Follicular cells produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Both T4 and T3 are referred to as the thyroid hormones. The parafollicular cells manufacture the hormone calcitonin. Thyroid hormones effect the body in three ways: (1) control of metabolism, (2) governs body growth and development, and (3) regulates the activity of the nervous system. Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) is the result of excessive amounts of thyroid hormones being produced. The two most common forms of thyrotoxicosis are toxic multinodular goiter and Graves' disease.|Drugs such as methimazole and propylthiouracil inhibit the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 but have short half-lives and require several doses per day to control the situation. Pharmacological doses of iodide decrease the supply of stored thyroglobulin. [Thyroglobulin is a large glycoprotein molecule secreted by follicle cells in the thyroid gland in which iodine is combined with tyrosine to form thyroid hormones. Tyrosine is an amino acid.] Additionally, when necessary, hyperthyroidism can be treated by surgically removing all or part of the thyroid gland or with the use of radioactive iodine.|Methimazole Propylthiouracil Iodine/Iodide|f]Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system and generally affects people in the 60 year old range. The disease is characterized primarily by uncontrollable tremors in the limbs and generalized muscle rigidity. The cause of the disease is unknown. However, the disease is a manifestation of a chemical imbalance in the brain. The chemical imbalance is a result of insufficient dopamine, a chemical neurotransmitter in the brain responsible for sending impulses across the junctions between nerve cells. Because the neurotransmitter dopamine cannot be directly absorbed into the brain, certain chemicals are used to bridge that gap (the blood-brain barrier) and help the brain produce more of its own dopamine. Probably the most effective drug used today to treat Parkinson's disease is levodopa, or levodopa used with other drugs such as carbidopa to increase the availability of levodopa to the central nervous system.|Dopamine is a chemical that cannot be taken into the body (orally etc) and sent on directly into the brain. Therefore, because dopamine is unable to pass from your blood into your brain, certain drugs are used (e.g. levodopa) to bridge the gap so to speak. Levodopa, a precursor of dopamine, can readily be absorbed into the central nervous system and converted to dopamine in the brain. Once converted it augments the low concentrations of this neurotransmitter in the corpus striatum and substantia nigra (parts of the basal ganglia in the brain). [ Note: Basal ganglia regulate the subconscious contractions of skeletal muscles.] Another group of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease are antidyskinetics. Like antiparkinson drugs, antidyskinetics help improve muscle control and reduce stiffness by helping to balance the chemical reactions necessary to send nerve impulses within the brain.|Amantadine Bromocriptine Carbidopa Levodopa Pergolide Selegiline Benztropine Biperiden Ethopropazine Procyclidine Trihexyphenidyl|e_Diarrhea is normally self-limiting and requires little or no drug therapy. However, if cases involve diarrhea in infants, small children, or cholera, immediate diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent excessive loss of electrolytes and dehydration. [electrolytes are compounds that separate into ions (positive or negative charged atoms) when dissolved in water and are able to conduct electrical currents. Electrolytes serve three functions in the body. (1) many are essential minerals, (2) they control osmosis of water between body compartments, and (3) electrolytes assist in maintaining the acid-base balance required for normal cellular activities]. Diarrhea can be either "acute" or "chronic". Acute diarrhea can be the result of many factors to include: infectious microorganisms (bacterial or viral); the influence of drugs, to include antibiotics that interfere with the normal intestinal flora living within the intestine, as well as high blood pressure treatments such as methyldopa, reserpine, and guanethidine; the result of toxins in your system such as botulism, ergotism, aflatoxin, and other food poisonings; and may even be precipitated by the ingestion of fatty, spicy, or high roughage foods. Chronic diarrhea is more difficult to diagnose and may be the result of laxative abuse, emotional disorders, endocrine disorders, lactose intolerance, or may even be a symptom of cancer of the rectum or colon. The bottom line, is that diarrhea, either actue or chronic, is a symptom of a disorder and should be diagnosed for its underlying cause.|The oldest known treatment of diarrhea (not its underlying cause or causes) are the opiates. Morphine (a major component in opium) increases the time it takes to move chyme, [chyme is the thick, semifluid mass resulting from gastric digestion of food; it passes from the stomach into the small intestine], through the intestine and colon and increases the tone of the intestinal muscles. Diphenoxylate, chemically similar to Demerol, is an effective ant idiarrheal and has a low abuse potential, making it a favored drug in the management of chronic diarrhea. Anticholinergic agents, although not recommended for children because of the drugs narrow margin of safety, are used in the treatment of diarrhea because of their ability to reduce motility of the intestinal tract. [motility is the spontaneous motion of the intestinal tract. ] This mechanical process is divided into two type types: segmentation and peristalsis. Segmentation is the mechanical process of mixing chyme with the digestive juices. Peristalsis is the movement of the chyme on through the intestinal tract. Absorbents, most frequently used in non-prescription antidiarrheals, basically consume or assimilate the toxic materials (e.g. bacteria, etc.) that are causing the diarrhea. However, the absorbing capabilities are nonselective and these antidiarrheal agents also absorb some of the necessary digestive enzymes and assorted nutrients. Commonly used absorbents include kaolin, bismuth salts and pectin.|Diphenoxylate and Atropine Loperamide Opium Tincture Paragoric Codeine Bismuth Subsalicylate Kaolin/Pectin Cholesyramine|d]The definition of analgesia is the state of not feeling pain although fully conscious. There are basically two classes of analgesics: narcotic analgesics e.g. codeine, methadone, morphine, etc., and non-narcotic analgesics, e.g. aspirin, acetaminophen, etc.. When body tissue is damaged by inflammation, infection, injury, etc., the body produces a hormone-like substance known as prostaglandin. Prostaglandins combine with specific sites (known as opiate receptors) on the surface of cells in the spinal cord and brain. Once the prostaglandin has attached itself to these cells, it creates a passage way, in effect, for nerve impulses to travel to the brain where the impulses are interpreted as pain.|Narcotic analgesics (referred to as opiates) are used in the treatment of severe pain, as opposed to non-narcotic analgesics (e.g. acetominophen) that are effective only against mild to moderate pain. Opiates interact with specific receptors on specific cells in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The greatest concentration of these receptors are located in five prevalent areas of the brain. These areas are the Brainstem (where the receptors mediate nausea, coughing, respiration, vomiting, stomach secretions, blood pressure, and pupillary diameter), Medial Thalams, Spinal Cord, Hypothalamus, and Limbic System. A comparative analysis of the analgesic properties of Aspirin and Morphine reveals that: Aspirin is non-narcotic while Morphine is a narcotic; Aspirin is effective against mild to moderate pain while Morphine is effective against severe pain; Aspirin is a fever reducer while Morphine is not; Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory while Morphine is not; Aspirin is most effective against muscle and bone pain while Morphine is effective against pain in all areas of the body; Aspirin is not a cough suppressant while Morphine works well as a cough suppressant; Aspirin is an effective anticoagulant while Morphine is not; the drug action site of Aspirin is the Peripheral Nervous System w hile the drug action site of Morphine is the Central Nervous System; Aspirin does not cause physical dependence while morphine does; Aspirin can produce mild to no psychological dependence while Morphine will; Aspirin is not effective against diarrhea while Morphine is; Aspirin has really no abuse potential while Morphine has a very high potential for abuse, and; the chances of developing drug tolerance to Morphine is high while with Aspirin is not. To illustrate the comparative pharmacological properties of both narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics note the differences between aspirin (a non-narcotic) and morphine (a narcotic). [Note: Narcotic agents can be grouped into four major categories: (1) Natural Alkaloids of Opium (includes codeine and morphine); (2) Synthetic derivatives of morphine; (3) Opiods (Synthetic narcotics similar to morphine); and (4) Narcotic Antagonists (drugs used to combat overdose of narcotic analgesics.]|Codeine Fentanyl Heroin Methadone Meperidine Morphine Propoxyphene Naloxone Naltrexone|^bDiabetes centers around the function of the pancreas (located behind the stomach just in front on the backbone) and contains a group of cells called Islands of Langerhans. While the Islands of Langerhans produce insulin, other glands within the body influence the secretion of insulin from these cells. These glands include the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, and the liver. The lack of insulin [Insulin is a protein hormone that helps the body use sugar and other carbohydrates] can result in basically two types of diabetes. Type 1, Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and Type 2 noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitis. Type 1 diabetes is the result of damage to the Langerhan cells (beta-cells) and can result in kidney failure, hyperglycemia, weight loss, retinal damage, ketoacidosis and atherosclerosis. Type 2 diabetes is the result of a diminished number of insulin receptors that leads to a decreased release of insulin or a decreased response of tissue to insulin. The effect of type 2 can result in hyperglycemia.|Humulin (human insulin) is produced by recombiant DNA technology or is blended from porcine insulin, [porcine insulin differs from human insulin by one amino-acid. Amino-acids are a group of nitrogenous organic compounds that serve as units of structure for the proteins and are essential to human metabolism]. The objective of administering insulin to Type 1 diabetics is to maintain blood glucose concentrations to a normal level without wide swings in the blood glucose level. The objective with Type 2 diabetics is to maintain blood glucose concentrations to within normal parameters.|Zinc Insulin Semilente Insulin Isophane Insulin Suspension Insulin Zinc Suspension Protamine Zinc Insulin Ultralante Insulin Tobutamide* Acetohexamide* Tolazamide* Chlorpropamide* Glipizide* Glyburide* *Note: Oral hypoglycemics stimulate insulin release from the pancreas, reduce serum glucagon levels, and promote binding of insulin to specific tissues and receptors.|c]Local anesthetics are designed to block both the generation and conduction of impulses through all nerve fibers, particularly small unmyelinated nerve fibers that transmit temperature, pain, and autonomic activity. [Autonomic: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the central nervous system that controls the motor functions of the heart, intestines, lungs, lymph vessels, blood vessels, glands, smooth muscles, and other internal organs]. Local anesthetics are used for local nerve blocks, epidural nerve blocks, infiltration anesthesia, and spinal nerve blocks. It is interesting to note that the first local anesthetic used in medicine was cocaine but has largely been replaced by synthetic agents.|It is believed that local anesthetics block the conduction of nerve impulses by diminishing the permeability of the nerve cell membrane to sodium, thereby increasing the threshold for electrical excitability within the cell.|Benzocaine Butacaine Sulfate Chloroprocain Cocaine Cyclomethycaine Hexylcaine Procaine Proparacaine Propoxycaine Tetracaine Bupivacaine Dibucaine Etidocaine Lidocaine Mepivacaine Privlocaine|b_Antacids are inorganic salts, [inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and are usually derived from mineral sources e.g. magnesium, aluminum etc.] that dissolve in gastric secretions in order to partially neutralize stomach acid (gastric hydrocholoric acid). Antacids have been classified as being either absorbable (systemic) or nonabsorbable (nonsystemic). Systemic antacids, e.g. sodium bicarbonate, are very effective but can alter electrlyte balance or change the pH of extracellular fluid if taken in sufficiently high doses. Nonsystemic antacids, e.g. aluminum, calcium, and magnesium salts, buffer the PH in the stomach and result in decreased pepsin activity. [Pepsin is an enzyme secreted in the stomach that aids in the digestion of proteins. This is accomplished by splitting the proteins into less complex proteoses and peptones]. Another type of antacid are the "mucosal protective agents" e.g. sucralfate and colloidal bismuth. These antacids form a protective covering over the gastric surface to stimulate the secretion or mucus. Sucralfate is particularly effective in the treatment of duodenal ulcers|Antacids are used for the relief and healing of peptic ulcers. [Ulcers are an open sore or erosion on the surface of an organ or tissue. The digestive tract is the most common site for the development of ulcers and are referred to as peptic ulcers. Ulcers in the digestive tract can develop in the stomach, esophagus, and first segment of the small intestine, known as the duodenum]. The value (clinically of an antacid is its ability to raise the pH of gastric secretions. [pH is a measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a solution and is measured against a "PH scale". The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14 with 1 being the high end of acidity, 14 being the high end of alkalinity, and 7 representing a neutral. [Note: water is a 7 on the pH scale because it contains an equal number of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions. An atom becomes charged if it gains or loses an electron]. In terms of their ability to neutralize a given amount of acid, in decending order, are Calcium Cabonate, Sodium, Bicarbonate, Magnesium Salts, and Aluminum Salts. Note: Antacids have the potential to interact with other drugs being taken and can significantly alter their effectiveness.|Sodium Bicarbonate Calcium Cabonate Aluminum Hydroxide Magnesium Hydroxide Sodium Carbonate Magnesium Trisilicate Magnesium Carbonate Aluminum Phosphate Magnesium Oxide Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate Aluminum Carbonate Dihydroxyaluminum sodium Carbonate Magaldrate|—]The term emetic means "to vomit". Vomiting can be provoked by many situations to include: intestinal flu, irritants in the stomach, morning sickness due to pregnancy, and motion sickness, just to name a few. The vomiting reflex originates in the brain stem [the brainstem is that portion of the brain that is located just above the spinal cord and is made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain] and sends a nerve message toward the abdomen where it causes the diaphragm to push down and contract the abdominal muscles. When this happens, it causes the esophageal sphincter to open. [the esophageal sphincter is the ring of muscle between the stomach and esophagus]. As the sphincter relaxes (and opens) the contents of the stomach are propelled upward to the mouth where it is expelled. As the contents of the stomach are exiting, the epiglottis closes over the larynx to prevent the vomit from entering the lungs via the trachea.|Stimulation of the D2 receptors in the receptor trigger zone (CZT) of the brainstem with the neurotransmitter dopamine, can result in nausea and vomiting. Drugs such as prochlorperazine and metoclopramide block the receptors that are stimulated by the dopamine and prevent the first step in the vomiting reflex, the message to the abdomen. These drugs are useful in situations of cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy where nausea and vomiting are a continued problem. Additionally, when situations like motion sickness are responsible for triggering the vomiting reflex some anticholinergics and antihistamines can be effective.|Benzquinamide Bucklizine Cyclizine Dimenhydrinate Diphenidol Meclizine Metoclopramide Prochlorperazine Promethazine Scopolamine Ondansetron Thiethylperazine Trimethobenzamide|t\The most important natural progestin is progesterone and is produced by both males and females. While this hormone is produced by both sexes in the adrenal cortex, it is secreted in the corpus luteum, (corpus luteum is a glandular body that develops from a vescular ovarian follicle after ovulation and secretes the hormones progesterone, relaxin, and estrogens), in the female primarily during the second half of the menstrual cycle. In males this hormone is produced by the testes. During the second half of the menstrual cycle, (the luteal phase), progesterone changes the uterine mucosa to become a more favorable environment for the fertilized ovum. Due to the high level of progesterone during this phase, the production of the hormone gonadotropin drops off and prevents further ovulation. If conception is not attained however, the production of progesterone ceases and menstruation begins. [Note: during pregnancy the placenta secretes approximately 10 times the normal monthly amount of progesterone in order to maintain the pregnancy.]|The primary use of progestin therapy is in combination with estrogens in contraception. Other uses include treatment of endometriosis (the growth of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations, as on the ovaries or within the peritoneal cavity), and dysfunctional uterine bleeding.|Progesterone Dydrogesterone Hydroxyprogesterone Medroxyprogesterone Norethindrone Norethindrone Acetate Norgestrel Ethisterone|p\Estrogens, (naturally secreted by the ovaries), and synthetic derivatives of estrogens, (used when the natural level of estrogens are inadequate or need to be augmented), are responsible for many of the physiological characteristics of the female body. There are three major estrogens produced by women; estradiol, estrone, an estriol. The ovary is the principle source of estradiol with the liver responsible for converting estradiol to estriol and estrone. Additionally, it is the adrenal gland that changes testosterone and androstenedione into estrogen in men and postmenopausal women. Estradiol is the most important hormone (estrogen) produced by the ovaries and is essential for the development of the female reproductive organs as well as for the development of the female secondary sex characteristics, e.g. body fat distribution, breast development, skin texture, feminine voice, etc.|A major therapeutic use of estrogens is in the treatment of menopause symptoms that generally occurs in women between the ages of 45 and 55. During this age, there is a gradual cessation in the ability of the ovaries to produce estrogen. At the onset of this "change of life" the symptoms associated with menopause can include anxiety, hot flashes, irritability, fatigue and involutional melancholia (a psychotic condition) and are best treated with natural or synthetic estrogen-like compounds. (Note: there is an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterus) in post menopausal women who use estrogen therapy for extended periods.) Estrogens also have a limited anabolic effect and can cause the retention of sodium and associated edema and fluid retention. Additionally, it is interesting to note that during pregnancy, the placenta becomes the main source of estrogens.|Chlorotrianisene Dienestrol Diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol Diphosphate Esterified Estrogens Estradiol Estradiol Benzoate Estradiol Cypionate Estradiol Valerate Estrogenic Substances (Conjugated) Estrone Ethinyl Estradiol|s\Oral contraceptive drugs are generally a combination of both estrogen and progestin ingredients and are believed to prevent conception by one or more of the following mechanisms: (1) preventing ovulation by preventing the release of certain hormones from the anterior pituitary; (2) inducing unfavorable changes in the cervical mucus that inhibit implantation of the fertilized egg; and/or (3), by making the cervical mucus impenetrable to the passage of sperm.|There are basically four major types of oral contraceptives: (1) Progestin implants (e.g. Norplant); (2) Progestin only pills, referred to as the "mini-pill"; (3) Combination pills, containing both estrogen and progestin; and (4) Postcoital contraception, often refereed to as the "morning after" pill because it is used within 72 hours of intercourse. Implants are six small capsules that are placed under the skin in the upper arm. This method releases progestin into the body for approximately 5 years and is totally reversible when surgically removed. Mini-pills deliver a continuous low dose of progestin when taken daily but may produce irregular menstrual cycles, often causing anxiety to the user thinking it may be a sign of pregnancy. Combination pills are the most common type of oral contraceptive and employ the use of progestin and estrogen. While the estrogen suppresses ovulation, the progestin produces a uterine environment unsuitable for the implantation of a fertilized egg and also makes the cervical mucus impenetrable to the sperm. Postcoital contraception involves a high-dose of estrogen taken within 72 hours of intercourse and continued for 5 consecutive days (usually taken every 12 hours).|Ethynodiol Diacetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Ethynodiol Diacetate and Mestranol Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Norethindrone and Ethinyl Estradiol Norethindrone and Mestranol Norethindrone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Norgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Northyodrel and Mestranol|r]The definition of analgesia is the state of not feeling pain although fully conscious. There are basically two classes of analgesics. Narcotic analgesics and non-narcotic analgesics. When body tissue is damaged by inflammation, infection, injury, etc., the body produce a hormone-like substance known as prostaglandin. Prostaglandins combine with specific sites (known as opiate receptors) on the spinal cord and brain. Once the prostaglandin has attached itself to these cells, it creates a passage in effect for nerve impulses to travel to the brain where the impulses are interpreted as pain.|Drugs such as aspirin work as non-narcotic analgesics in that they block the production of prostaglandin in damaged tissue (e.g. cells) that go on to trigger the pain signals that are sent to the brain. Drugs like acetaminophen work by blocking the impulses responsible for pain in the brain itself. To illustrate the comparative pharmacological properties of both narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics note the differences between aspirin ( a non-narcotic) and morphine (a narcotic). A comparative analysis of the analgesic properties of Aspirin and Morphine reveals that: Aspirin is non-narcotic while Morphine is a narcotic; Aspirin is effective against mild to moderate pain while Morphine is effective against severe pain; Aspirin is a fever reducer while Morphine is not; Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory while Morphine is not; Aspirin is most effective against muscle and bone pain while Morphine is effective against pain in all areas of the body; Aspirin is not a cough suppressant while Morphine works well as a cough suppressant; Aspirin is an effective anticoagulant while Morphine is not; the drug action site of Aspirin is the Peripheral Nervous System while the drug action site of Morphine is the Central Nervous System; Aspirin does not cause physical dependence while morphine does; Aspirin can produce mild to no psychological dependence while Morphine will; Aspirin is not effective against diarr hea while Morphine is; Aspirin has really no abuse potential while Morphine has a very high potential for abuse, and; the chances of developing drug tolerance to Morphine is high while with Aspirin is not. |Aspirin (can also be classified as Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory) Acetaminophen Salicylamide Sodium Thiosalicylate Phenacetin|o_Constipation can be the result of many diverse causes and include: disease, e.g. hypothyroidism, paraplegia, etc.). dehydration, insufficient bulk in your diet; old age, limited physical activity and the use of some drugs, (e.g. anticholinergics, opiates, anti psychotics (phenothiazine type), antidepressants (tricyclic); and others. Laxatives are used to increase the movement of chyme through the gastrointestinal tract. [Chyme is the thick, semifluid mass resulting from gastric digestion of food as it passes from the stomach into the small intestine] Peristaltic contractions of the muscles that form the small and large intestines move feces (in a fluid state) through your intestinal tract. During this action, the fluid is normally absorbed. If the motion decreases, more fluid than normal is absorbed and the feces becomes more solid.|The exact mechanisms of action of laxatives are not yet known. However, they are commonly classified based on their surmised mechanism of action and include: Stimulant, Saline, Bulk-Forming, Emollient (lubricants), Fecal softeners, and Anthraquinone. Laxatives in the stimulant category increase the propulsive action of the peristaltic contractions by direct stimulation of the intestinal smooth muscle. Saline laxatives, through osmosis, cause the volume of water in the intestinal lumen to increase. The increased pressure inside the intestine activates stretch receptors that trigger an increase of peristaltic contractions. Bulk-forming laxatives are basically non-digestible ingredients that are taken into the gastrointestinal tract where they absorb large volumes of water. The resultant increase of bulk in the intestine stimulates the peristaltic contractions that in turn move the stool through the system. Emollient laxatives, also known as lubricants, may act by lubricating both the lining of the intestine and the stool to effect a smooth passage through the system. Fecal softeners soften fecal material by lowering surface tension and allowing water and lip ids (fats) to penetrate the hardened fecal material. Anthraquinone laxatives are a group of stimulant laxatives that get their laxative action from hydroxymethylanthraquinone derivatives that occur naturally in some plants, (e.g., aloe, senna, cascara, and others). The synthetic compound of this drug is Danthron.|Castor Oil Glycerin Suppositories Bisacodyl Phenolphthalein (yellow) Magnesium Carbonate Magnesium Citrate Magnesium Sulfate Milk of Magnesia Potassium sodium Tartrate Sodium Phosphate Sodium sulfate Methylcellulose Karaya Malt Soup Extract Psyllium Preparations Aloe Aloe and Cascara Cascara Fluid Extract Casanthranol Senna Ennosides A & B Danthron Mineral Oil Dioctyl Calcium Sulfosuccinate Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate Poloxamer 188 Docusate Salts|Ї[Minerals are inorganic substances. [Inorganic is the term given to substances (matter) that are not animal or vegetable. Most inorganic compounds do not contain carbon and are derived from mineral sources]. Minerals are essential constituents of all cells and are excreted daily from the body, thereby requiring their replacement through food intake or in the form of supplements. Because most people receive enough of these essential minerals from their daily diets, the taking of minerals supplements should only be used when a definite deficiency has been diagnosed, as excessive amounts may be harmful. The most common mineral supplement used is iron. Iron supplements, that include drugs such as ferrous gluconate and iron polysacharide, are used in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia or to augment the need for iron in women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.|Minerals make up about 4 percent of the total body weight of a person and are found most heavily in the bones. Minerals that are essential to life include: chromium, manganese, calcium, sodium, zinc, copper phosphorous, cobalt, and selenium. Chromium is used in the utilization of some sugars and carbohydrates by optimizing the production of the hormone insulin. Manganese is needed for the production of hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying portion of a blood cell), growth, urea formation, and the actions of various enzymes. Calcium is needed for muscle and nerve activity, blood clotting, production and release of neurotransmitters, bone and teeth formation, and the metabolism of glycogen. Sodium affects the distribution of water throughout the body through osmosis , and plays in important part of nerve impulse conduction. Zinc is important in the metabolism of carbon dioxide, wound healing, normal growth, sperm count in males, proper functioning of the prostate gland, and is involved (as a peptidases component) in the digestion of proteins. Copper is necessary, along with iron, in the synthesis of hemoglobin, and the formation of me lanin pigment. [Melanin is the pigment that gives color to the hair, skin , and choroid of the eye.] Phosphorus is needed for muscle contraction, nerve activity, bone and teeth formation, is an important component of many enzymes, DNA, and RNA. Cobalt, as part of the vitamin B-12 is necessary in the process of developing new red blood cells. Selenium prevents chromosome breakage and may prevent certain birth defects. Iron, along with copper, is an important component of hemoglobin and is involved in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that is essential to the life of a cell. ATP is responsible for storing energy for the various cellular activities.|Ferrous Fumarate Ferrous Gluconate Ferrous Sulfate Iron Polysaccharide Potassium Sodium Fluoride|›ZRadio-Pharmaceuticals are radioactive substances that are used in the diagnosis of many medical conditions, e.g. cancer, heart disease, bone marrow disease, thyroid disease, etc. Because the radioactive substances can be traced, the physician can chart the course of the substance through the body noting how much of the substance concentrates and where, giving him/her valuable diagnostic information.|Atoms of an element may be different from one another in their nuclear mass, (due to one or more additional neutrons), but at the same time be chemically alike. Each chemically identical atom of an element with a particular nuclear mass is an isotope of that element. Many isotopes are radioactive and emit particles or "rays" which can be detected by special instruments. For this reason they are referred to as "tracers". The diagnostic procedure of recording the chemical activity of various tissues within the body is known as radioisotopic scanning. The branch of medicine that specializes in the use of radioisotopes in the diagnosis and treatment of disease is known as nuclear medicine. A sophisticated version of radioisotopic scanning is known as positron emission tomography (PET). PET scanning traces short-lived isotopes through the body. As it travels through the body, it emits positively charged electron like particles called positrons. These particles collide with negatively charged electrons in the body and release gamma rays that are detected and charted by PET receptors.|Cyanocobalamin Co 57 Cyanocobalamin Co 60 Ferrous Citrate Fe 59 Gallium Citrate Ga 67 Sodium Iodide I 123 Sodium Iodide I 131|xeAntihypercalcemics are used primarily in the treatment of bone disease such as Paget's disease, post menopausal osteoporosis, and as an aid to healing spinal cord injuries and hip replacement surgery. Hypercalcemia is defined as having an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. The hormone calcitonin (produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland) is responsible for maintaining the correct blood calcium level in the body. Calcitonin reduces the amount of calcium and phosphate in the blood by inhibiting the breakdown of bone tissue and accelerating the absorption of calcium by the bones. It is believed that this hormone lowers calcium and phosphate in the blood by inhibiting osteoclastic action [osteoclasts are large, multinuclear cells that destroy or resorbed bone tissue] and parathyroid hormone (PTH). [PTH controls the level of calcium and phosphate ions in the blood].|Etidronate is an antihypercalcemic used in the the treatment of Paget's disease. This disease, known as osteitis deformans, is a condition where the normal breakdown and regeneration of bone tissue is greatly accelerated. When this normal balance is somehow disturbed, the affected bones (usually the long leg bones, skull, pelvis, vertebrae, ribs, and collarbone), begin to breakdown and replace itself with dense fibrous tissue and blood vessels. The action of Etidronate is to absorb to hydroxyapatite crystals and prevent or retard the development of heterotypic bone tissue during the active stage of the disease. [heterotypic; the displacement of an organ or part (e.g. the original bone tissue) in the body]. Additionally, this drug significantly reduces the number of osteoclasts in the body.|Etidronate (generic) Didronel EHDP|ћZHemorreologic drugs are used in the treatment of intermittent claudication. Claudication, intermittent, is an extreme pain in the calf muscles that occurs during exercise, e.g. walking, that usually subsides with rest. Claudication results from inadequate blood supply to the muscles of the legs and may be the result of an occlusion, arterial spasm, arteriosclerosis, or atherosclerosis.|The drug Pentoxifylline (brand name Trental) works by making red blood cells more elastic (or supple), allowing for better circulation especially in the smaller blood vessels in the extremities.|Pentoxifylline|e_Flatulence (the expulsion of intestinal gas), gastric bloating, and postoperative gas pains are most often treated with the drug Simethicone. Intestinal gas (or Flatus) is a normal part of the digestion process and in the large intestine is the product of the fermentation of food wastes by the bacteria that live in the colon. Under ordinary conditions, a great deal of the flatus is absorbed through the intestinal wall while the balance is generally expelled through the rectum. The reasons for excess gas can include the eating of certain foods that contain specific sugars (like those found in the bean family) that cannot be digested by the body but are easily processed by the bacteria living there. Another reason can include a rapid peristaltic action of the large intestine that results in movement of food wastes through the intestine to quickly for gas absorption to take place. [Peristalsis, peristalic action, is the contraction of muscles through the digestive tract (esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine) that move its contents through the body, from the mouth eventually through the rectum]|Antiflatulents, such as Simethicone, are effective in that they are anti-foam agents designed to prevent (or dispel) mucous-surrounded gas pockets in the gastrointestinal tract. These drugs spread over the surface of the foam bubbles in the gastrointestinal tract, to form a film of lowered surface tension. Th erefore, as a result of the low surface tension on the gas bubbles, they collapse.|Simethicone-includes: Di-Gel Extra Strength Gas-X Gas-X Gelusil Mygel Mylanta Mylicon Mylicon-80 Mylicon-125 Ovol Ovol-40 Ovol-80 Phazyme Phazyme 95 Phazyme 125 Riopan Plus Silain|zcOphthalmic (having to do with the eyes) uses of Corticosteroids are not curative and should include a medical diagnosis to determine the cause of the inflammation and the best treatment for its elimination. Applied topically these drugs reduce the inflammation response in damaged cells and can prevent scarring and resultant vision problems that are the result of thermal, chemical, and radiation burns or penetration of the eyeball with a foreign object.|The exact mechanism of action in the topical application of these drugs is unknown. However, Corticosteroids used optically can result in an increase of intraocular pressure and induce or exasperate open-angle glaucoma. As an anti-inflammatory agent, these drugs can inhibit edema and other facets of the "inflammatory response". Corticosteroids are designed to prevent the release of specific chemicals that initiate the symptoms of inflammation, e.g. redness, heat, pain, and swelling.|Betamethasone Dexamethasone Fluorometholone Hydrocortisone Medrysone Prednisolone|zdOtic (having to do with the ear), uses of Corticosteroids (applied topically) can provide symptomatic relief to the otitis externa (the canal that runs from the outer ear into the middle ear) due to inflammation caused by allergic dermatitis, psoriasis, seborrhea, and other such inflammatory dermatoses.|The exact mechanism of action in the topical application of these drugs is unknown. However, as an anti-inflammatory agent, these drugs are effective in reducing or preventing the release of specific chemicals that initiate the symptoms of inflammation, e.g. redness, heat, pain, and swelling. Because corticosteroids are not curative, a medical diagnosis of the underlying cause of the inflammation is necessary to eliminate the problem.|Betamethasone Decamethasone Hydrocortisone|yZLipids (fats) are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Lipids consists of two basic units: glycerol and fatty acids. A molecule of fat is produced when a molecule of glycerol combines with three molecules of fatty acids to make a triglyceride. Cholesterol is produced by the liver when saturated fats are broken down in the body. [Note: saturated fats can increase your blood cholesterol level as much as 25 percent. Natural sources of saturated fats include: beef, pork, butter, cheese, whole milk, eggs, palm oil, coconut oil, and cocoa butter]. Cholesterol is vitally important for the production of steroid hormone; bile salts [bile salts emulsify fats before they are digested and absorbed. Bile salts are needed in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E, K]; and plasma membranes [plasma membrane is the outer covering of a cell, separating its internal parts from its outside environment]. Because cholesterol and triglycerides (fat molecules) cannot travel through the blood stream in their unaltered form, they combine with proteins that are produced by the intestine and liver. Once combined, this new form is called a "lipoprotein". There are basically two classes of lipoproteins: low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (these are the ones that can lead to coronary artery disease) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). LDL transports cholesterol to the various cells within the body and attaches itself to LDL receptors on the cell membrane. Once attached, LDL is taken into the cell where it is broken down and the cholesterol is freed to become part of the cell and facilitate its needs. Additionally, it is the LDL in the blood stream that, under abnormal conditions, attaches to the smooth muscle cells in the arteries and leads to coronary artery disease. HDL on the other hand is believed to pick-up excess cholesterol from the body and deliver it to the liver where it is eventually eliminated from the body. Another type of lipoprotein that is believed to contribute to atherosclerot ic plaque and the development of coronary artery disease is very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). [Note: When the total cholesterol in the blood (HDL, LDL, VLDL) increases above 150 mg per one tenth liter of blood, the risk of coronary artery disease can begin to increase. Above 200 mg per one tenth liter, the risk increases rapidly.]|Drugs used to treat hyperlipidemias (elevated levels of lipids in the blood) are designed to (1) increase the removal of cholesterol from the body: (2) decrease the production of lipoproteins; and (3) to increase the breakdown of lipoproteins in the plasma. (Plasma is the extra cellular fluid found in blood vessels; blood minus the formed elements). Hyperlipidemia is divided into two categories: Primary Hyperlipidemia, where the individual is genetically predisposed to coronary artery disease and Secondary Hyperlipidemia, where metabolic problems such as Hypothyroidism, Diabetes Mellitus, and excessive alcohol consumption lead to abnormally high levels of blood lipids.|Cholestyramine Clofibrate Colestipol Gemfibrozil Lovastatin Mevastatin Niacin Probucol|‹\Gonad stimulants are used to treat infertility; low sperm count in males and ovulatory failure in women. The testes in males and ovaries in females are also called Gonads. The Gonads make up part of the Endocrine system and produce specific hormones, (Testosterone in males and Estrogen and Progesterone in females), and are controlled by the pituitary gland which is in turn influenced by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus in the brain. The hormones secreted by the pituitary gland are known as tropic (or stimulating) and in effect tell the gonads when to produce, or cease to produce, their respective hormones. The release of these tropic hormones by the pituitary gland are either stimulated or inhibited by chemical secretions from the hypothalamus known as "regulating factors". When the pituitary receives stimulation from the hypothalamus it in turn transmits its message, to the gonads in this case, with hormones that regulate their function. The hormones that regulate the function of the gonads are known as gonadotropic hormones and include: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), that stimulate the production of eggs and sperm in the ovaries and testes, respectively, and; Luteinizing hormone (LH), that stimulate ovulation and progesterone secretion in females and testosterone secretion in males. |Infertility in males and females that are the result of a hormonal imbalance can sometimes be effectively treated with gonad stimulants such as Clomiphene. When the infertility involves a failure to ovulate or inadequate sperm production, drugs such as Clomiphene and Clomid are used to stimulate the release of pituitary gonadotropins. These gonadotropins, (FSH) and (LH), result in maturation of the ovarian follicle, ovulation, development of the corpus luteum (the corpus luteaum is a glandular body that develops after ovulation that produces the hormones estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin), and increased sperm production. In females, when ovulation failure is the result of suppression of the pituit ary secretion of (FSH) by circulating estrogen, Clomiphene blocks the estrogen receptor sites in the brain, and stimulates the release of (FSH).|Clomiphene Clomid Milophene Serophene|Џ]Non barbiturate sedatives belong to a group of drugs known as "Anxiolytic and Hypnotic" drugs. Non barbiturate sedatives, like the Benzodiazepine drugs, are used to treat anxiety. Anti-anxiety drugs, also known as minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics, are effective in treating the symptoms associated with anxiety that include: sweating, trembling, rapid heartbeat, and palpitations. Because anti-anxiety drugs result in some sedation, they are also referred to as hypnotics (sleep inducers). The advantage of non-barbiturate sedatives over barbiturates as sleep inducers is the reduced risk of addiction. Barbiturate addiction often leads to abuse that may easily result in overdose. Barbiturate overdose can cause death due to respiratory failure because of its potent depressant effect on the central nervous system. However, extended use of any sedative may result in physical and psychological dependence and should be used as a very short-term treatment for insomnia. |The difference between a tranquilizer and a sedative is that tranquilizers reduce anxiety without inducing sleep. Sedatives, on the other hand, are used primarily in the treatment of insomnia as well as to induce pre-operative sedation and relief of anxiety. Non barbiturate sedatives like Chloral Hydrate have a depressant affect on the central nervous system similar to that of barbiturates, however, its mechanism of action is not completely understood. In doses used to induce sleep, this drug produces mild cerebral depression and deep sleep. Chloral hydrate is used most often for the sedation of children. Additionally, some antihistamines such as Pyrilamine, Doxylamine, and Diphenhydramine (available in many over-the-counter sedatives) are also used to treat some types of insomnia. However, due to the number of undesirable side effects, they are considered less useful than Benzodiazepine drugs, e.g. Clorazepate, Diazepam, Flurazepam, Temazepam, Triazolam, and others. Note: Nonbarbiturate sedatives are not used as much since the int roduction of Benzodiazepines.|Chloral Hydrate Glutethimide Meprobamate Antihistamine|“ZVasodilator drugs are designed to dilate blood vessels. The contractility of a blood vessel or artery comes from the smooth muscle cells that make up part of their structure. These smooth cells are innervated by sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. When sympathetic stimulation occurs, the smooth muscles contract, squeezing the wall around the lumen, ( a lumen is the passage within a tubular organ, e.g. the interior of a blood vessel), thereby narrowing the vessel and is referred to as "vasoconstriction". However, when sympathetic stimulation is discontinued, the smooth muscle cells around the blood vessels relax and the diameter of the lumen is increased. The increase in lumen diameter is referred to as "Vasodilation" and the drugs that produce this action are known as Vasodilators. Vasodilators are used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), angina pectoris, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease (insufficient blood supply to the extremities).|There are basically four types of drugs used as Vasodilators: (1) Sympatholitics, (2) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, (3) Nitrates and, (4) Calcium Channel Blockers. Sympatholitics work by blocking nerve stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system to the muscles in the walls of the blood vessels. These drugs are designed to bind with receptors on the muscle cells and prevent their stimulation by released neurotransmitters. (Neurotransmitters are specialized chemicals that are released from nerve fiber endings. These chemicals transfer the message from the nerve cell, across a gap known as a synaptic cleft, to the surface of the organ or tissue being affected). ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting an enzyme in the blood that converts a chemical known as Angiotensin 1 into a chemical known as Angiotensin 2 (a powerful vasoconstrictor). The absence of this (natural) powerful vasoconstrictor allows the blood vessels to expand, resulting in vasodilation. Calcium Channel Blockers work by b locking the passage of Calcium into the muscle fibers around the blood vessels, allowing the vessels to relax and dilate. This drug, as opposed to ACE inhibitors and Sympatholytics that block or interfere with nerve impulses, acts directly on the muscle cell. Nitrates work much the same way as calcium channel blockers in that they too act directly on the muscle fiber. While the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, nitrates relax vascular smooth muscle tissue and results in vasodilation.|Captopril Analapril Guanethidine Hydralazine Prazosin Nifedipine Verapamil Isosorbide Dinitrate Nitroglycerin|vZVasoconstrictors are drugs that are designed to induce blood vessel constriction. Probably the most commonly used Vasoconstrictors used today are those used to treat congestion (particularly nasal congestion). These Vasoconstrictors, usually members of the sympathomimetic drug group, shrink the small blood vessels in the nasal passages and consequently reduce congestion. Sympathomimetic (adrenergic) drugs work by selectively stimulating either the alpha or beta adrenergic receptors in the muscle cells. Stimulation of the alpha receptors causes constriction (vasoconstriction) of the small blood vessels while stimulation of the beta receptors results in dilating (vasodilation) of the blood vessels in the skeletal muscles.|The contractility of a blood vessel or artery comes from the smooth muscle cell that make up part of their structure. These smooth muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. When sympathetic stimulation occurs, the smooth muscles contract, squeezing the wall around the lumen, [a lumen is the passage within a tubular organ e.g. the interior of a blood vessel, thereby narrowing the vessel.] The decrease in lumen diameter is referred to as vasoconstriction. |Ergotamine Methysergide Epinephrine Hydrochloride Naphazoline Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Propylhexedrine Tetrahydrozoline Xylometazoline|’]There are basically two types of tranquilizers: major and minor. Major tranquilizers are used to treat Psychotic illnesses while minor tranquilizers are used to treat emotional tension and anxiety. [Psychosis is a major mental disorder in which the personality is seriously disorganized and contact with reality is usually impaired. There are essentially two types of Psychoses: (1) Functional; characterized by an apparent lack of organic cause, basically of the manic depressive or schizophrenic type, and (2) Organic; characterized by a pathological organic condition such as brain damage or disease]. Major tranquilizers, also called Anti-psychotics or Neuroleptics, are used primarily to treat Schizophrenia but are also effective against manic states and delirium. Major tranquilizers are not curative and will not eliminate the fundamental cause of the disorder. Minor tranquilizers, also known as anti-anxiety agents, are used to treat anxiety and includes drugs such as Meprobamate and Benzodiazepines.|Psychotic illnesses are thought to be the result of overactive brain cell activity brought on by the neurotransmitter Dopamine. [Neurotransmitters are chemical substances, such as Dopamine and Acetylcholine, that transmits nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another]. All neuroleptic drugs block the Dopamine receptors in the brain, diminish the excitability of the neurons (nerve cells) and consequently produce an anti psychotic effect. Because anti psychotic drugs block all D2 Dopamine receptors, the patient may experience some undesirable neurologic effects that can include: Akathisia (motor restlessness, acute dystonia (spasms in the face and neck); Parkinsonism (limb rigidity, slow heartbeat, and "pill-rolling" with the fingers); malignant syndrome (rare, however, sometimes fatal. Characterized by stupor, catatonia, rigidity, fever, rapidly changing blood pressure, and dysarthria), and tardive dyskinesia (characterized by involuntary movements of the face, extremities, and trunk). Minor tranquilizers (anti-anxiety drugs) such as Benzodiazepines work by depressing activity in that portion of the brain that controls emotion. These drugs increase the action of the neurotransmitter Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). GABA hyper polarizes the neuron, making it more difficult to fire when stimulated by other neurotransmitters, thereby alleviating the feelings of nervousness and anxiety.|Chlorpromazine Fluphenazine Perphenazine Prochlorperazine Thioridazine Haloperidol Lithium Aprazolam Chlordiazepoxide Clonazepam Diazepam Lorazepam Oxazepam|‘bThyroid hormone is used in the treatment of thyroid hormone deficiency. The thyroid gland is located just below the larynx with the right and left lateral lobes situated on either side of the trachea. The right and left lobes are connected by an area of the thyroid gland known as the Isthmus that lies in front of the trachea. The hormones produced by the thyroid gland have three principle effects on the body: regulation of nervous system activity, regulation of metabolism, and regulation of normal growth and development. The two main thyroid hormones are T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). While not essential for life, inadequate thyroid hormone (known as Hypothyroidism) can result in poor resistance to cold temperatures, slowed heartbeat, hair loss, and physical and mental slowing. Hypothyroidism in children can result in dwarfism and mental retardation.|Drug therapy for hypothyroidism is generally accomplished with synthetic thyroid drugs such as Liothyronine and Levothyroxine. These drugs simply provide the body with a substance (thyroid) that it can't produce itself. Because of the effect that a sudden increase of thyroid can have on the body, caution is exercised when giving these drugs to the elderly and those with high blood pressure and heart disease.|Levothyroxine (T-4) Liothyronine Thyroglobulin Thyroid|ђ\Sulfa drugs were first used in the early 20th century (circa 1930's) as antibacterials. The largest group of antibacterials today are the Sulfonamides, (descendants of the original sulfa drugs), and are frequently used in the treatment of many urinary tract infections because of their propensity to reach high concentrations in the urine. Additionally, sulfonamides are used to treat several disorders of the skin, ears, and eyes. However, because of the availability of Penicillin and the emergence of resistant bacteria, the use of sulfa drugs has somewhat diminished.|Because bacteria cannot absorb Folic Acid through their outer membrane, they must make their own from Para-aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) and Pteridine. [Note: Folic Acid is essential to the normal functioning and reproduction of bacteria]. Sulfonamides, because of their structural similarity to PABA, attaches itself to the enzyme (Dihydropteroate Synthetase) and blocks the attachment of PABA to that enzyme. As a result of this blocking action set up by the sulfonamides, PABA cannot join up with the enzyme to produce its life supporting Folic Acid causing the bacterial cell to die.|Sulfadiazine Sulfamethoxazole sulfasalazine sulfisoxazole sulfacetamide Mafenide|ЋcMydriatics are drugs used to dilate the pupils of the eyes. Drugs that are used to constrict the pupil are known as Miotics. Mydriatics are used in the treatment of the Uveitis, an inflammatory disease of the iris. [The iris is the round, pigmented membrane surrounding the pupil of the eye, having muscles that adjust the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye.] Mydriatics are also used by physicians to view the inside of the eye.|Opening and closing of the pupil is controlled by muscles in the iris. The iris consists of radial and circular smooth muscle fibers arranged to form a doughnut-shaped structure. The black hole directly in the center of the iris is the pupil, the point at which light enters the eyeball. Mydriatics dilate the pupils by either stimulating the radial muscle to contract, (using Sympathomimetics), or by preventing the circular muscle from closing, (using Anticholinergics).|Epinephrine Phenylephrine Atropine Cyclopentolate Tropicamide|Ќ`Muscle relaxants are used to treat muscle spasticity and muscle spasms and are often used in conjunction with painkillers (Analgesics). Muscle relaxants work by slowing down or partially blocking nerve impulses from the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) that stimulate various muscles to contract. Other muscle relaxants, e.g. Dantrolene, work by directly inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction by inhibiting the chemical activity within the muscle responsible for its contraction.|There are basically two types of skeletal muscle relaxants: neuromuscular blockers and centrally acting drugs. Neuromuscular blockers should be used only under direct medical supervision with emergency resuscitation support immediately available. Neuromuscular blockers are generally used during surgery to facilitate complete muscle relaxation without having to induce deep anesthesia to the patient. Centrally acting agents interfere with the passage of nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the skeletal muscles, reducing stimulation and unnecessary muscle contractions.|Baclofen Carisoprodol Chlorphenesin Carbamate Chlorzoxazone Cyclobenzaprine Dantrolene Metaxalone Methocarbamol Orphenadrine|ЉeGold Compounds (gold salts) are used primarily in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis when the condition fails to respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory treatment. The cause of Rheumatoid Arthritis (or Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis when it afflicts children) is unknown, however, both environmental and inherited factors are suspected. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammation of the joints that may even spread to affect organs such as the lungs and heart. Because permanent deformity and persistent pain are characteristic of this disease, the treatment objectives are to relieve pain and prevent or minimize deformity.|The drug Auranofin is the most recent gold preparation and is administered orally, as opposed to Aurothioglucose and Gold Sodium Thiomalate that are administered intramuscularly. While the exact mechanisms of action (pharmacologically) of gold compounds has not been clearly determined in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis, it is believed they act via the body's immune system and by decreasing the release of lysosomal enzyme. Additionally, Auranofin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity in people with the disease.|Auranofin Aurothioglucose Sodium Aurothiomalate|‰YExpectorants are agents used to facilitate the removal of secretions from the bronchopulmonary mucous membrane by promoting the coughing up of phlegm. Coughing can be classified into basically two categories: productive or dry. A productive cough is basically phlegm producing, [phlegm is a thick mucus, especially from the respiratory passages] while dry coughs do not. Expectorants are designed to change the stickiness (or viscosity) of the phlegm, loosen it, and allow it to be easily coughed up. [ Note: coughs that produce green-yellow phlegm, accompanied with difficult breathing and fever, may be a sign of a lung infection and should be reported to your doctor.] Additionally, persistent coughing with increased phlegm, fever, fatigue, abnormal weight loss, and excessive sweating at night may also be the sign of a lung infection or inflammation and should be reported to your doctor as soon as possible.|Expectorants are seldom used alone but are found in combination with Mycolytics, [Mycolytics are used to make the mucus in the chest less viscous and easier to cough up] or Bronchodilators, (Bronchodilators work by dilating congested airways in the lungs, making mucus easier to cough up.). Expectorants like Guaifenesin increase respiratory tract fluid, making it less viscous, and consequently easier to expel by coughing.|Guaifenesin Hydriodic Acid Iodinated Glycerol Potassium Iodid Terpin Hydrate Acetylcysteine Albuterol Ephedrine Isoproterenol Terbutaline Theophylline|€aThe fungus "Claviceps purpurea", known as Ergot, grows on rye and contains a number of alkaloids, [alkaloids are colorless, crystalline substances found in plants and some animals], that are used for medicinal purposes. The two primary drugs produced from Ergot are Ergotamine and Ergonovine. The fundamental therapeutic uses of these drugs (Ergot Alkaloids) are in the treatment and prevention of migraine headaches and to control bleeding after child birth delivery.|Ergotamine is the Ergot preparation most frequently used in the prevention and treatment of migraine headaches. Ergotamine is effective because of its ability to constrict enlarged blood vessels in the scalp during a migraine. This drug is most effective when taken during the early stages of the migraine attack. The drug Ergonovine is used to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage. This drug increases the motor activity of the uterus by direct stimulation. When the uterine muscles contract, the blood vessels are compressed and bleeding subsides. Another Ergot preparation, Ergoloid Mesylates, are used in the treatment of various mental disorders in the elderly to include poor memory, depression, diminished alertness, and confusion. Ergoloid Mesylates work by stimulating brain cell metabolism to increase the use of oxygen and nutrients.|Ergoloid Mesylates Ergonovine Ergotamine|‡cOphthalmic, having to do with the eyes, decongestants are generally used to treat irritations of the eyes caused by conjunctivitis, allergy symptoms, and cosmetics. On occasion, the use of these vasoconstrictor agents [vasoconstrictors cause constriction of blood vessels, narrowing their caliber and thus restricting blood flow], may cause sensitivity to light and blurred vision. Antihistamines are also used to abate allergic symptoms in the eyes that can include watery discharge, irritation, and swelling.|Vasoconstrictors used as ophthalmic decongestants work by constricting the small vessels (arterioles) in the eye. When drugs such as Naphazoline are applied topically to the conjuctiva, [conjunctiva is the delicate membrane that covers the eyeball and the lining of the eyes], the small arterioles become constricted and conjunctival congestion is temporarily relieved. Antihistamines work by blocking the effect of histamine on affected tissues, e.g. the conjunctiva portion of the eye, and prevent the dilation of the arterioles, the cause of the redness and swelling.|Chlorpheniramine Dihenhydramine Promethazine Terfenadine Naphazoline Tetrahydroziline|љZDigitalis also known as cardiac glycosides or digitalis glycosides, are used in the treatment of various heart disorders from atrial fibrillation to congestive heart failure. Digitalis itself is a derivative of the plant "Digitalis purpurea" (aka Foxglove) and because of its inherent dangerous potential is only available by a doctor's prescription. Its use as a medicinal plant was first brought to the attention of the medical profession in 1775 by Dr. William Withering when he learned from medical herbalists it was affective in the treatment of heart failure. Digitalis drugs are used primarily to improve the heart's pumping action but are also used as an anti arrhythmic to help control irregular heart beat.|Digitalis preparations such as Digoxin (probably the most widely used) increase the efficiency of the heart by increasing the contraction force of the cardiac muscle. The drug also allows the main chambers of the heart (the ventricles) to completely fill and empty with each heart muscle contraction. This is accomplished by slowing the abnormally rapid electrical (nerve) impulses between the upper chambers of the heart (the atria) and the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles).|Digitalis Digitoxin Digoxin|…]The nervous system is made up of two major division: Central and Peripheral. Control of the entire nervous system is the function of the central nervous system (CNS) and is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord. The Peripheral system is that portion of the entire nervous system that connects the CNS to the body's muscles, receptors and glands. The breakdown of the entire system continues as the Peripheral system is divided into the Afferent system (made up of the nerve cells called neurons, that transmit information TO the CNS), and the Efferent system, (made up of nerve cells that transmit FROM the CNS). Additionally, the Efferent system is subdivided into the Autonomic and Somatic nervous systems. The Autonomic system is responsible for the involuntary, or automatic, nerve impulses (instructions) that are unconsciously sent from the CNS to the various muscles and glands of the body. The somatic system on the other hand controls the conscious signals sent from the CNS to the body's skeletal muscles where, for example, an instruction might be to raise your hand above your head. The nerve impulses, or signals that are transmitted from one nerve cell to another, are the result of certain chemicals produced by the neurons themselves known collectively as "Neurotransmitters." After a neurotransmitter is produced by a neuron it is transported (within the nerve cell) to an area of the neuron known as the Synaptic End Bulb where it is stored for eventual use in small membrane enclosed sacs called "Synaptic Vesicles" until they are released as a result of nerve stimulation. When these stored neurotransmitters are eventually released they are released into an open space between the adjacent nerve cells known as the "Synaptic (synapse) Cleft" where they cross over the gap and bind to receptors on the neighboring neuron, causing it to become stimulated and thus continuing the process. Neurotransmitter disease are generally caused by too little or too much neurotransmission within the brain. Too mu ch neurotransmission can result in seizure disorders, caused by hyperexcitable neurons firing without appropriate stimuli, to psychosis where too many neurotransmitter chemicals cross the synaptic cleft and bind to the receptors on the post synaptic neurons. Too little neurotransmitter chemicals crossing the synaptic cleft and binding to the receptors of the post synaptic neurons, results in conditions like Parkinson's disease and depression.|CNS stimulants are drugs that stimulate the central nervous system and are divided into three major groups: Psychomotor stimulants; Convulsant and Respiratory stimulants; and Psychotomimetic drugs. Psychomotor stimulants such as nicotine, caffeine, cocaine, amphetamines, and others, create feelings of excitement and euphoria, diminish feelings of tiredness and fatigue, and increase motor activity. Some amphetamine-like drugs such as Pemoline and Methylphenidate are used in the treatment of "attention deficit disorder" (ADD) in children. ADD is characterized by restlessness, impulsivity, short attention spans, distractibility, and hyperactivity. Convulsants and Respiratory stimulants such as Doxapram and Nikethamide are both used to stimulate respiration after an overdose of CNS depressants, such as in Barbiturate abuse. Finally, Psychotomimetic CNS stimulants, also known as "Hallucinogens", include Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC is the primary alkaloid found in marijuana and produces feelings of euphoria followed by sleepiness. THC also diminishes motor activity, short-term memory, and muscle strength, and may cause delusions, visual hallucinations, increased appetite and acute sensory activity. Another familiar hallucinogen is lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). LSD induces hallucinations with vivid, almost brilliant, colors and produces altered (dream-like) perceptual states. High doses of LSD may produce psychotic changes in some people that may be long-lasting. One of the most dangerous and abused hallucinogens is Phencyclidine (PCP), also known as "angle dus t". PCP inhibits the re-uptake of several neurotransmitters to include Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Serotonin. PCP is an analog of the drug Ketamine, a short-acting non barbiturate anesthetic used primarily for children undergoing short medical procedures. Individuals under the influence of this drug can become violent or completely withdrawn. The physical effects of this drug are almost impossible to predict but can include lack of body control, eye tearing, cramps, sweating, slurred speech, suicidal impulses, paranoia, convulsions, nausea, vomiting, delusions of great strength and invulnerability to pain, coma, and death from respiratory failure.|Amphetamine Caffeine Cocaine Methylphenidate Nicotine Theobromine Theophylline Doxapram Nikethamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Phencyclidine (PCP) Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)|„cCarbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (diuretic), [Note: Diuretics are drugs designed to increase the secretion and flow of urine by inhibiting the reabsorption of water back into the body], are used primarily to treat hypertension, excess fluid retention (edema), and to reduce intracranial and intraocular (glaucoma) pressure. Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors inhibit the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, a normal ingredient of plasma, resulting in increased excretion of bicarbonate, water, potassium, and sodium in the kidneys.|In the treatment of glaucoma, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors block the action of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme involved in the production of aqueus humor, a fluid produced in the anterior cavity of the eye. The drug Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor who's action is not diuretic, is sometimes prescribed as an anti-conulvsant, as is the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor methazolamide.|Acetazolamide Dichlorphenamide Methazolamide|ѓYBronchodilators are drugs that widen the airways in the lungs. As air enters the lungs, via the trachea, bronchi, and ultimately the bronchioles, the tubes become increasingly smaller and smaller with the trachea being the largest and the bronchioles being the smallest. As in asthma, when the victim feels breathlessness, the bronchioles have become smaller (in diameter) due to the muscle contraction around the bronchioles or because the bronchioles have become congested with mucus. Either way, the result is less oxygen into the lungs and consequently less oxygen into the blood where it is ultimately carried to every living cell in the body.|Bronchodilators can be divided into three primary groups: Xanthine, Sympathomimetics, and Anticholinergics. Xanthine bronchodilators relax the muscles surrounding the bronchioles by influencing the muscle fibers directly. Anticholinergic and Sympathomimetic bronchodilator drugs relax the bronchiole muscles by interrupting nerve impulses directed to them through the Autonomic nervous system. [the Autonomic nervous system is that portion of the central nervous system that is not consciously controlled.] The autonomic system transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissue like those that make-up part of the structure of the bronchioles.|Aminophylline Theophylline Atropine Albuterol Ephedrine Epinephrine Isoproterenol Metaproterenol Terbutaline|‚]Appetite suppressants are a group of drugs used primarily in the treatment of Exogenous Obesity. [note: Exogenous: of or relating to the external factors, as food, that have an effect upon an organism]. Drugs that suppress the appetite, like central nervous system stimulants, are believed to work because of their effect on the Hypothalamus part of the brain. These nervous system stimulants, such as Amphetamines, stimulate the cerebral cortex and may also effect the reticular-activating system in the brain. [The reticular-activating system (RAS) is the "alerting system" of the brain, responsible for initiating and maintaining wakefulness and alertness. RAS is the physical basis of consciousness].|Historically, amphetamines are the primary agents used as appetite suppressants (anorexiants). Amphetamines stimulate the major portions of the central nervous system; cortex, medulla and brain stem. The result of this stimulation can decrease fatigue, increase alertness, and diminish appetite. However, continued use, or high doses, can be extremely dangerous and precipitate psychological dependence and lethal overdose. While amphetamines decrease appetite (anorexigenic action) by blocking the appetite center in the lateral hypothalmus, the effect is generally short lived, as a tolerance develops in one to two weeks causing the suppression of appetite to disappear. (Caution: While the euphoric effect of amphetamines can last as much as eight times longer than cocaine, both drugs can produce tolerance (requiring higher doses) that can lead to addiction, dependence, and death).|Amphetamine Benzphetamine Caffeine Chlorphentermine Clortermine Dextroamphetamine Diethylpropion Mazindol Pemoline Phenylpropanolamine|Ѓ\Antiurolithics are drugs that are used to prevent the formation of kidney stones. Kidney stones, also known as "renal calculus", are the abnormal concentration of calcium phosphate crystals, calcium oxalate, and uric acid that can develop in any portion of the urinary tract. When these salt crystals normally found in the urine, solidify into insoluble stones they can begin to move through the kidney and become quite painful and/or obstructive. If a stone becomes lodged in the uterer (the uterer is the connecting duct that directs the urine from the kidney to the bladder) it can produce extreme pain in the back, reproductive organs, and abdomen. If the kidney stone is of sufficient size so as to block the uterer, urine may back up into the kidney and injure the urinary tract. Regardless of their size however, even small kidney stones can cause damage to various portions of the urinary tract and the condition should be managed by a physician.|Antiurolithics are used to prevent the formation of new stones but do not dissolve existing ones. Common antiurolithics include drugs such as Tiopronin, and work by removing high levels of cystine from the urine. Cycstine is a crystalline amino acid produced in the digestion of proteins. Other antiurolithics include Acetohydroxamic Acid that work by decreasing urine alkalinity by prohibiting certain enzyme actions. Finally a third type includes Cellulose Sodium Phosphate. Cellulose Sodium Phosphate prevents the formation of kidney stones by combining with calcium in food, preventing absorption into the blood. As an alternative to the conventional surgical removal of stones that will not pass, a procedure known as "extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy" uses ultrasound waves to shatter the stones, facilitating their easy passing through the urinary tract.|Acetohydroxamic Acid Cellulose Sodium Phosphate Citrates Tiopronin|Ђ_Ulcers are an open sore or erosion on the surface of tissue or organ. The most common ulcers are those associated with the gastrointestinal system and can be found in the stomach, esophagus, and duodenum, [the duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine]. When the protective layer of mucus that protects the lining of these parts becomes damaged, the acid in the digestive tract (stomach acid) begins to corrode the underlying tissue, a condition known as peptic ulcer. Symptoms of this disorder can include vomiting, appetite loss, and abdominal pain. Antiulcer drugs are designed to protect the ulcerated area from its highly acid environment and allow the damaged tissue to heal.|Peptic ulcers can be treated by a variety of antiulcer drugs to include: Histamine H2 antagonists; antacids; mucosal strengtheners; and anticholinergics. H2 histamines antagonists work by specifically blocking the stimulation of H2 receptors. Such H2 histamine stimulation is responsible for the production of stomach acid, while blocking this action results in less stomach acid and its adverse effects on the unprotected tissues. Antacids are effective in that they can substantially reduce the acidity of the stomach acid. This neutralizing effect reduces the affect the acid has on the unprotected tissue and aids in the healing process. Mucosal strengtheners can work in two ways: (1) Physically attaching to the damaged tissue (the ulcer) and forming a protective barrier against the acid environment of the digestive system; and (2) by increasing the production of the natural mucus barrier that normally protects the lining of the digestive system. Anticholinergics work in much the same way as H-2 histamine antagonists in that they too block the action of the chemical neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, responsible for initiating nerve impulses that trigger an increase in the production of stomach acids.|Aluminum Hydroxide Magnesium Trisilicate Magnesium Carbonate Calcium Carbonate Mixtures Cimetridine Ranitidine Carbenoxolone Sucralfate Pirenzipine|¬]Anticholinergics are designed to block the effect of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a chemical that is released from nerve endings that belong to the parasympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system. The effect of the acetylcholine stimulus on nerve cells is a slowing of the heart beat, muscle contractions, and an increase of both mouth (saliva) and lung secretions. [Note: The central nervous system controls the entire nervous system of the body and consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body. The peripheral system is divided into afferent and efferent systems. The afferent system is made up of nerve cells that transmit information (e.g. hot, cold, pain, etc.) to the central nervous system. The efferent system is made up of nerve cells that transmit information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body, (e.g. the vomiting reflex is a signal from the brain to the muscles in the abdomen, telling them to contract, causing the esophageal sphincter to open and the contents of the stomach to escape through the mouth). The efferent nervous system is subdivided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic system consists of efferent neurons (nerve cells) that transmit information from the central nervous system to the body's skeletal muscles. These signals from the central nervous system are consciously controlled (e.g. your brain says, lift up your right foot, and your skeletal muscles comply] The autonomic nervous system (the portion of the nervous system that anticholinergics influence) is made up of efferent neurons that unconsciously, or involuntarily, transmit information from the central nervous system to the body's glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscle (e.g. increased secretion in the mouth and/or lungs).|Anticholinergics work by blocking the action of acetylcholine receptors, resulting in decr eased stimulation and a relaxation of muscles in the intestine, bronchi, and bladder, as well as drying up both mouth and lung secretions. It is for this reason that anticholinergics are often used in the treatment of asthma.|Atropine Belladonna Belladonna Alkaloids and Barbiturates Chlordiazepoxide and Clidinium Clidinium Dicyclomine Glycopyrolate Hydroxyzine Isopropamide Orphenadrine|_Antispasmodics are designed to reduce the pain associated with unusually strong muscle contractions in the airways, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract. Antispasmodics are generally prescribed for a condition known as irritable bowel syndrome. Irritable bowel syndrome is broken down into two types: (1) spastic colon, and (2) painless diarrhea. Spastic colon is characterized by a dull aching pain in the lower abdominal area or cramping, both of which generally abates after a bowel movement. Painless diarrhea is characterized by an urgent need for a bowel movement, particularly while eating, or just after, or when you just wake up. Additionally loss of voluntary bowel control is also a problem associated with this type of irritable bowel syndrome.|It is believed that antispasmodics work by blocking the action of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Acetylcholine stimulates muscle contractions (like those associated with irritable bowel syndrome). When the normal muscle tone and motility (spontaneous movement) of the smooth muscles in the bronchioles and gastrointestinal tract has been reduced, the effect is said to be antispasmodic.|Belladonna Dicyclomine|~[There are basically three major forms of skin inflammation: contact dermatitis; photo dermatitis; and seborrheic dermatitis. Topical antiseborrheics are normally prescribed in the treatment of dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Seborrhea is characterized by inflammation and scaling of the scalp but may also appear on the face and other parts of the body. [Note: in infants, this condition is known as cradle cap]. Seborrhea is the result of an excessive discharge from the sebaceous glands and excessive turnover of other cells that form the outer layer of the scalp. (Sebaceous glands are found connected to hair follicles with the secreting portion of the gland in the dermis.) Sebaceous glands not associated with hair follicles are located on the lips, eyelids, labia minor, and glans penis. Sebaceous glands produce and secrete an oily substance known as sebum ( a mixture of proteins, fats, inorganic salts, and cholesterol). Sebum keeps hair from becoming dry and brittle, keeps the skin soft and pliable, and prevents or inhibits the growth of specific bacteria.|Many of the drugs used as antiseborrheics are also local anti-infectives, e.g. selenium. Selenium sulfide is an anti-infective agent with both anti-fungal and antibacterial activity. Selenium is particularly affective against a yeast-like fungus known as Pityrosporum ovale that is a normal inhabitant of the scalp. It is believed that this fungus feeds on the sebum trapped under the seborrheic scales (dandruff). Selenium also has an anti mitotic action and results in slowing rapid cell growth of the skin, known as hyperkeratinzation. [mitosis, mitotic action, is the process of cell division , or in other words, cell reproduction].|Chloroxine Pyrithione Salicyclic Acid, Sulfur, and coal Tar|]Anti psychotic drugs, also known as neuroleptics, anti schizophrenics, or major tranquilizers, are used to treat a number of disorders to include manic depression, schizophrenia, and paranoia. Additionally, temporary psychosis, the result of mind-alter drugs and alcohol withdrawal, can also be treated. The exact cause of these disorders is basically unknown, but it is believed that the neurotransmitter Dopamine may be the key to the problems. Because it is believed that some forms of mental illness are the result of excessive Dopamine stimulation, anti psychotics are designed to compete with the Dopamine for the Dopamine receptor sites on the surface of adjacent brain cells. The effect of the Dopamine blocking drugs is to substantially reduce the hyper-excitability of the brain cells, thought to be a factor in producing abnormal behavior and thought processes, and in effect inhibit the communication between cells in the brain.|The primary use of anti psychotic drugs is in the treatment of schizophrenia. The drugs are designed to alter or modify psychotic behavior, but do not cure the underlying cause of the disorder. In schizophrenia, as in other psychotic disorders, the cells in the brain (theory) release too much Dopamine and result in over stimulation. Schizophrenia is characterized by speech and thinking impairments, delusions, and hallucinations (generally in the form of hearing voices that are not there). Drugs to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are divided into five chemical classes: Phenothiazines, Thiothixenes, Butyrophenones, Dibenzoxazepines, and Dihydroindoles. Because anti psychotics have a significant potential of producing adverse side effects (because they also affect the normal balance of another neurotransmitter in the brain, acetylcholine) they are used only in major psychiatric illnesses.|Acetophanazine Butaperazine Carphenazine Chlorpromazine Chlorprothixene Droperidol Fluphenazine Haloperidol Loxapine succinate Mesoridazine Besylate Molindone Perphenazine Piperacetazine Prochlorperazine Promazine Thioridazine Thiothixene Trifluoperazine Triflupromazine|wcGlaucoma is the condition where the pressure on the inside of the eyeball increases to an unusually high level. The most common type of glaucoma is open-angle, where the pressure on the internal eye increases gradually due to a diminished ability to drain fluid from the eye. Closed-angle glaucoma is the rapid build up of pressure caused by the iris completely closing off the drainage angle between itself and the cornea. Both open and closed angle glaucoma can cause permanent eye damage. Open-angle (chronic) glaucoma generally requires lifelong treatment to prevent further damage to the optic nerve and additional deterioration of eyesight. Closed-angle (acute) glaucoma requires immediate medical attention due to the speed at which the pressure increases and the nerve damage that can result in permanent loss of vision. Acute glaucoma is generally treated by drugs designed to reduce blood pressure within the eye and surgery to preclude a recurrence of the fluid blockage. [Note: eye pressure, called "intraocular pressure", is produced primarily by the aqueous humor].|There are a number of anti glaucoma drugs used to relieve the pressure caused by a build up of aqueous humor (the watery fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye) within the eye. These drugs include: Miotics, Beta Blockers, and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Miotics, when used to treat closed-angle Glaucoma, work by reducing the size of the pupil and result in pulling the iris away from the cornea, thereby allowing a normal flow of aqueous humor and a reduction of pressure in the anterior cavity of the eye. (Note: the larger cavity of the eyeball, located between the lens and the retina, contains a jelly-like substance known as vitreous humor and along with the aqueous humor, maintains the shape of the eyeball.) Beta blocking drugs act on the cells within the eyes that actually produce the aqueous humor fluid. Because these fluid producing cells (known as the "ciliary process" of the ciliary body) are stimulated by nerve impulses triggered by beta receptors on their surface, beta blocking drugs can bind to the beta receptors and block their influence on the cell, and prevent the release of additional fluid. A third type of anti glaucoma drug are the carbonic anhydrasae inhibitors. These drugs are designed to block the production of additional aqueous humor fluid in the ciliary body by blocking the enzyme carbonic anhydrase and its influence in fluid production.|Betaxolol Demecarium Echothiophate Isoflurophate Carbachol Dipivefrin Epinephrine Physostigmine|{ZCancer is the uncontrollable growth of new cells and is referred to as a tumor or neoplasm. Neoplastic cells (cancer cells) are classified as being either malignant or benign. Benign growths are generally less serious than malignant growths but can be dangerous if their size and/or location in the body make them interfere with healthy bodily functions or organs. Malignant tumors (generally referred to as "cancer") are especially dangerous in that they actively invade and penetrate other cells in the body. When these malignant cells travel throughout the body (via the blood stream) they are capable of invading, and subsequently setting up secondary growths in other parts of the body, and become especially difficult to treat. When this transfer of dangerous cells from one location to another occurs, it is referred to as "metastases". In chemotherapy today, there are a number of anti cancer drug types. These include: Anti- metabolites; Antibiotics such as Dactinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, and others); Alkylating agents; Mitotic spindle poisons; and hormones (such as estrogens, tamoxifen, and others).|Anti metabolites are classified as cytotoxic. (Cytotoxic anti cancer drugs destroy cancer cells by preventing their growth and replication). Anti-metabolites. e.g. methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, 5-fluorouracil, and cytarabine, prevent cancer cells from metabolizing nutrients that are essential to their ability to replicate. Anti-metabolites chemically resemble the internal compounds that are used by the cell in the production of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. [nucleic acids are large molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.] The basic unit of nucleic acids are "nucleotides" and are sugar, phosphate, an nitrogen bases. Nucleic acids are divided into two primary types: DNA and RNA. DNA is made up of repeating nucleotide units paired together to produce a double stranded structure. The portion of the DNA structure that contains hereditary in formation is called a gene. Therefore, a gene is simply a segment of the DNA molecule within the cell. The two primary functions of DNA are to control the activities of the body's cells (to include reproduction) and to transmit hereditary instructions to future generations of cells. RNA on the other hand is a single strand of nucleotides and works with DNA to help regulate protein synthesis within the cell.|Methotrexate Mercaptopurin (6-MP) Thioguanine 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) Floxuridine Cytarabine (ARA-c) Fludarabine|”_Vitamins are organic molecules, necessary in trace amounts, that act as catalysts in the normal metabolic processes in the body. Unlike the nutrients: proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, vitamins do not provide energy nor do they serve as body building materials. Most vitamins cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed in the daily diet or supplemented by pills, etc. Vitamins like vitamin "K" are produced in the gastrointestinal tract by bacteria that normally live there. Some vitamins, like vitamin "A", can be produced by the body if certain ingredients, known as provitamins, are provided. the provitamin of "A" is a chemical known as carotene, available in carrots, milk, liver, and spinach. Vitamin deficiency in a diet is referred to as avitaminosis while excess vitamin in a diet is referred to as hypervitaminosis. Vitamins are divided into two classes based on their solubility: fat-soluble and water-soluble. Fat-soluble vitamins have to be absorbed along with ingested dietary fats. Fat-soluble vitamins include A,D,E, and K and are absorbed by the small intestine into the body. Water-soluble vitamins, e.g. vitamins B and C, are absorbed along with water in the gastrointestinal tract. [Note: Even though vitamins and minerals have a wide margin of safety, excessive amounts, particularly the fat-soluble vitamins that can accumulate in the body to toxic levels, can be dangerous].|Vitamins are basically regulatory substances that are essential in the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates and are involved in every biochemical action in the body. Vitamins, along with minerals and amino acids, control cell respiration and are essential to maintaining life. The functions of fat-soluble vitamins include: syntheses of glycogen; synthesis of specific hormones; synthesis of RNA; cartilage formation; protein metabolism in the liver; repair growth of cell membranes; maintenance of the reproductive system; and acting as coenzymes in the retina, bones, skin, liver, and adrenal glan ds. The function of water-soluble vitamins include: tissue repair and growth; maintenance of muscle; nerve, heart, and digestive tissues; synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine; acting as an essential coenzyme in all cells (important in the process of releasing energy from carbohydrates); and acting as a coenzyme in the function of the liver.|Niacin (B-3) Cyanocobalamin (B-12) Ascorbic Acid (C) Folic Acid (B-9) Pantothenic Acid (B-5) Pyridoxine (B-6) Riboflavin (B-2) Thiamin )B-1) Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K|}[Psoriasis is a skin disease that affects approximately one to two percent of the population and generally first appears in people from the mid teens to 30 years of age. Caused by an exceedingly rapid replacement of new skin cells, psoriasis appears as silvery scales over thick, red, skin eruptions. [Note: normal skin cells live about one month before they die and flake off] Psoriasis is generally a chronic condition, [chronic is the term denoting a condition that lasts a long time or is frequently recurring] with no permanent cure. However, despite the lack of a permanent cure, outbreaks of the disease can be controlled with a variety of antipsoriatic drugs to include Coal tar, Salicyclic Acid, Corticosteroids, Methotrexate, and a combination of drug and ultraviolet light therapy known as PUVA.|Most of the drugs used as Antipsoriatics are designed to slow down the reproduction of new skin cells. Other drugs e.g. salicyclic Acid, are used to loosen and remove the scaly build up of dead skin cells (referred to as "plaques") . Factors that can trigger the outbreak of the disease can include emotional stress, hormonal changes, trauma, infections, and seasonal changes (the winter months being the most difficult).|coal Tar Preparations (topical) Corticosterioids Methotrexate Anthralin Salicyclic Acid Etretinate|†YDecongestants, (nasal), are drugs designed to treat inflammation of the nasal passages. Generally the result of an infection (more often than not the common cold) or an allergy related condition, e.g. hay fever, the inflammation involves swelling of the mucus membrane that lines the nasal passages and results in inordinate mucus production. Additionally, the inflammation may also invade the sinuses and produce a condition known as sinusitis. As part of the inflammation response the small blood vessels within the nasal and/or sinus membranes become engorged, causing swelling and the production of additional mucus, making normal breathing sometimes difficult.|Many of the drugs used to treat nasal congestion are also used in over-the-counter cold remedies and can be dangerous to people who have heart disease. The primary class of nasal decongestants are vasoconstrictor agents [vasoconstrictors cause constriction of the blood vessels, narrowing their caliber and thus restricting blood flow] such as sympathomimetic amines. When these drugs are used they stimulate specific receptors on the smooth muscles of the small vessels in the nasal and/or sinus membranes. The resultant shrinking reduces the swelling of the membranes and encourages drainage of the excess mucus, thereby making breathing easier.|Sprays, drops, mists: Ephedrine Naphazoline Oxymetazoline Phenylephrine Xylometazoline Capsules, tablets, syrups: Ephedrine Phenylephrine Phenylpropanolamine Pseudoephedrine Inhalers: Levodesoxyephedrine Propylhexedrine|ЊZImmunosuppressants act to suppress the body's natural immune response to antigens. (An antigen is a substance that triggers the formation of antibodies. Antigens can either be introduced into the body or produced by it. Antibodies are the substance produced by specific cells in the presence of antigens. Antibodies combine with the antigens to inhibit, neutralize, or destroy them). Immunosuppresant agents, like Busulfan, Chlorambucil, and Cyclosporine, suppress the immune response in people who have had organ transplants. Additionally, drugs like Cyclosporine are used to treat the rejection as well as prevent it. [Note: tissue rejection , as a result of transplantation, occurs because the body recognizes that the proteins in the transplanted tissue or organ are foreign to itself and therefore produces antibodies against them.] This phenomenon of tissue rejection can be partially reduced by matching the surface proteins, known as Human Leucocyte Associated (HLA) Antigens of the donor organ to that of the recipient. The closer the match between the HLA Antigens of the donor to the recipient, the less likely tissue rejection may occur. HLA antigens are unique to each and every individual with the exception of identical twins.|Immunosuppressive drugs lessen the overall effectiveness of the immune system by inhibiting the production of white blood cells (lymphocyctes) by modifying their performance. The importance of being able to override the body's immune response system is evident. When the natural immune mechanism breaks down, a condition known as Autoimmune disease occurs, making it difficult for the body to distinguish between its own antigens and foreign antigens. When this self recognition mechanism known as "immunologic tolerance" breaks down, Autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatic Fever, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Pernicious Anemia, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Addison's disease can occur. Anti cancer immunosuppressants work to slow the production of blood cells within the bone marrow. [Bone marrow is the soft, sponge like material in the cavities of the bones that is responsible for producing new blood cells]. Cyclosporine immunosuppressants inhibit the action of "T" Lymphocytes without inhibiting the action of "B" Lymphocytes. "T" cells are responsible for cellular immunity while "B" cells develop into plasma cells that produce antibodies and provide humoral immunity. Humoral antibodies are the circulating antibodies in the blood that attack invading antigens, e.g. bacterial and viral organisms. Corticosteroid Immunosuppressants work by reducing action of both "T" and "B" Lymphocytes.|Azathioprine Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine Lymphocyte Immune, Antithymocyteglobulin Methotrexate RhoD Immune Globulin Interferon||ZCancer is the uncontrollable growth of new cells and is referred to as a tumor or neoplasm. Neoplastic cells (cancer cells) are classified as being either malignant or benign. Benign growths are generally less serious than malignant growths but can be dangerous if their size and/or location in the body make them interfere with healthy bodily functions or organs. Malignant tumors (generally referred to as "cancer") are especially dangerous in that they actively invade and penetrate other cells in the body. When these malignant cells travel throughout the body (via the blood stream) they are capable of invading, and subsequently setting up secondary growths in other parts of the body, and become especially difficult to treat. When this transfer of dangerous cells from one location to another occurs, it is referred to as "metastases". In chemotherapy today, there are a number of anti cancer drug types. These include: Anti metabolites; Antibiotics such as Dactinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, and others); Alkylating agents; Mitotic spindle poisons; and hormones (such as estrogens, tamoxifen, and others).|Most anti cancer drugs work by preventing the proliferation of the radical cancer cells. As such, there are basically four ways in which this is accomplished. (1) drugs that prevent the separation of the double stranded DNA molecules; (2) drugs that pair up alkyl groups to the DNA bases to interfere with the repair of DNA molecules; (3) drugs that physically come between the base pairs of DNA molecule and subsequently impair and destroy the DNA molecule in the cancer cell; and (4) drugs that are chemically similar to the natural DNA bases are used by the cancer cell in making additional DNA or RNA that will be destructive to the cell. (Note: Nucleic acids are large molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The basic unit of nucleic acids are "nucleotides" and are sugar phosphate and nitrogen bases. Nucleic acids are divided into two primary types: DNA and RNA. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is made up of repeating nucleotide units paired together to produce a double stranded structure. That portion of the DNA structure that contains hereditary information is called a gene. Therefore, a gene is simply a segment of the DNA molecule within the cell. The two primary functions of DNA are to control the activities of the body's cells and to transmit hereditary instructions to future generations of cells. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) on the other hand is a single strand of nucleotides and works with DNA to help regulate protein synthesis with the cell).|Methotrexate 6-Mercaptopurine 6-Thioguanine 5-Fluorduracil Cytarabine Dactinomycin Doxorubicin Daunorubicin Bleomycin Plicamycin Mitomycin Carmustin and Iomustine Cyclophosphamide Mechlorethamine Vinblastine Vincristine Estrogens Leuprolide Prednisone Tamoxifen Asparaginase Cisplatin Etoposide Interferons Procarbazine|‹bAndrogens comprise the male hormone testosterone and its derivatives and are responsible for the development and maintenance of the male secondary sex characteristics that include voice deepening, muscle development, and growth of facial and body hair. Androgens also have anabolic properties that stimulate repair and building of body tissues. In males, testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells in the testes. In females (to a much lesser extent) testosterone is produced in the ovaries by cells that respond to another hormone, luteinizing hormone, that is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. [luteinizing hormone is also responsible for stimulating ovulation]. One type of testosterone derivative, anabolic steroids, have been developed to treat some types of anemia, severe infections, cancer, osteoporosis, and speed up recovery from surgery. Anabolic steroids have minimal virilization effect (unlike other androgens) yet retain their anabolic effect, increasing the synthesis of anabolic proteins. Anabolic steroids stimulate the repair and building of body tissues through the retention of phosphorus, potassium, and nitrogen. While used by some individuals to accelerate the development of body mass, abuse in males can lead to liver and bone damage, shrinking of the testicles, edema, decreased sex drive, and result in a masculinizing effect on females that can include shrinking of the breasts, deepening voice, acne, and development of body and facial hair.|Androgens stimulate the production of cellular protein, establish a positive nitrogen balance, and restores hormone in androgen deficiency conditions. Androgens bind to specific cytoplasmic receptors in certain cells where it enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA where it activates the production of specific mRNA's. mRNA (messenger RNA) is responsible for taking the information provided by the cells' DNA genetic code to the ribosomes where specific proteins are manufactured.|Testosterone Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate Testosterone Propionate Fluoxymesterone Methyltestosterone Danazol Ethylestrenol Methandrostenolone Nandrolone Decanoate Nandrolone Phenpropionate Oxymetholone Stanozolol|‘bThe thyroid gland is located just below the larynx and is composed of spherical sacs called thyroid follicles. The wall of each follicle consists of two types of cells: follicular cells, and parafollicular cells (called "c" cells). Follicular cells produce thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Both T4 and T3 are referred to as the thyroid hormones. The parafollicular cells manufacture the hormone calcitonin. [Calcitonin is responsible for accelerating calcium absorption by bones]. Thyroid hormones effect the body in three ways: (1) control of metabolism, (2) governs body growth and development, and (3) regulate the activity of the nervous system. Hypothyroidism is the result of an underactive thyroid gland producing too little thyroid hormone. This disorder during the growth years results in cretinism with symptoms that include dwarfism and mental retardation. Hypothyroidism during the adult years results in myxedema (mix-e-De-ma). Characteristics of this disorder can include slow heart rate (causing the heart to work harder and enlarge), weight gain, menstrual disorders, dry skin and hair, swelling of the facial tissues, weakness, cold intolerance, and anemia.|Treatment of hypothyroidism is generally thyroid hormone supplementation. Drugs such as levothyroxine (T4) can replace normal serum levels of T4 and T3, but life long treatment can be necessary and requires periodic follow-up to monitor treatment.|Levothyroxine (T4) Liothyroxine (T3) Liotrix (T4 & T3)|Ў[Acne, a skin condition known medically as acne vulgaris, has no known preventions or cure but can be treated in a number of ways. Thought to be the result of hormonal changes in the body during the puberty years, the production of hormones, particularly the male hormone testosterone, stimulate the sebaceous glands in the skin. The sebaceous glands produce an oily substance known as sebum that normally exits the skin through the hair follicles. If the exit passage (hair follicle) becomes blocked by hardened sebum or the accumulation of skin material, the sebum backs up within the follicle. Eventually the backed up sebum becomes invaded by bacteria and causes inflammation to the surrounding tissues. In severe cases, the trapped pockets of sebum become enclosed within scar tissue and form a condition known as cystic acne. Note: Acne can also be caused by other factors that include oily cosmetics and environmental factors.|Anti Acne medications are divided into two primary groups: (1) medications applied directly to the skin (topically), and (2) medications that are taken orally. When the acne is persistent but not necessarily severe, your doctor may prescribe topically administered drugs that can include salicylic acid, sulfur, or benzoyle peroxide. These drugs produce a keratolytic effect that loosen the outer layers of the skin and allow their shedding. If this treatment fails to produce adequate results, vitamin A drugs (also administered topically) like Isotretinoin and Tretinoin can be employed. If the condition fails to respond to topically applied treatments the physician may elect to prescribe oral antibiotics such as tetracycline or erythromycin [*Note refer to Drug Class: sections on antibacterials, antibiotics/erythromycin, and antibiotic/tetracycline for additional information].|Benzoyl Peroxide (topical) Erythromycin (antibiotic) Isotretinoin (vitamin A) Oxytetracycline (antibiotic) Salicylic Acid (topical) Sulfur (topical) Tetracycline (antibiotic) Tretinoin (vitamin A)|®\Spermicides are drugs that are designed to destroy viable sperm cells in order to prevent conception. Spermatozoa (sperm cells) are produced at a rate of approximately 300 million per day and have a life expectancy of about 48 hours once they are introduced into the female reproductive tract.|Spermicides are usually used in conjunction with a device designed to serve as a barrier. These can include diaphragms, sponges, or condoms. Probably the most widely used spermicide today is a drug known as Nonoxynol-9, the active ingredient in many contraceptive foams, gels, and vaginal suppositories. When applied over the cervix in the form of a barrier, these devices block the entrance to the uterus, trap and absorb seminal fluid, and release the chemical spermicide that disrupts the cell membrane of the sperm thus immobilizing it.|Nonoxynol-9|ў]The primary symptom of depression is mood change. The two extremes (depression and mania) are characterized by opposite behaviors. Where depression involves intense feelings of despair, sadness, and hopelessness, mania involves absolute self-confidence rapid speech, and judgment that is basically impaired. Some people may also cycle between the two extremes (depression and mania) and are diagnosed as having Bipolar Affective Disorder". Physiologically, depression is associated with reduced levels of specific neurotransmitters in the brain. These neurotransmitters, serotonin and norepinephrine, are being constantly released and reabsorbed by the brain cells. The actions of antidepressants work to either increase the levels of neurotransmitters or to prevent their inactivation within the brain thereby allowing greater brain cell stimulation.|The exact mechanism of action of antidepressants is unknown. It is believed that tricyclic antidepressants work by blocking the re-uptake (absorption) of certain neurotransmitters, including serotonin and norepinephrine, back into the nerve cell ending (presynaptic neuron), thus allowing for a greater concentratio n of the neurotransmitters in the space (synapse) between the pre and post synaptic neurons. The increased neurotransmitter build up in the synapse leads to increased stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron and increased brain stimulation. Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibiting antidepressants increase the availability of the neurotransmitters necessary to increase brain stimulation by blocking the enzyme monoamine oxidase that normally metabolizes them. Additionally, antidepressants that do not fall into the MAO inhibitor or Tricyclic category, such as Fluoxetine (Prozac) and Trazodone (Desyrel) work by blocking the re-uptake of serotonin.|Amitriptyline Amoxapie Clomipramine Desipramin Doxepin Imipramine Isocarboxazid Maprotiline Nortriptyline Phenelzine Protriptyline Tranylcypromine Trazodone Trimipramine|Ј[The most common parasitic infestation of humans in developed countries are the sarcoptes scabiei (scabies), phthirus pubis (crab louse), Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), and Pediculus humanus carporis (body louse). Scabies, or skin mites, are a common skin parasite that live their entire life in the skin of their host, burrowing into the skin to lay their eggs and causing intense itching and the development of localized infection. After a brief incubation period, the scabies larvae make their way to the skin surface of their host where they mature in approximately one to two weeks and begin the reproduction process once again. Lice are unique in that there are three types, (mentioned above), each making its home on a particular part of the body. Head lice live only for a few weeks but lay eggs daily, attaching them to the base of hair shafts, particularly around the ears of the host. The incubation period is brief, taking about a week to produce a living larvae. Body lice live and lay their eggs on the clothing of their host and visit the body only to feed; (Note: lice and scabies live off the blood of their host). Crab lice, usually passed from one host to another during sexual contact, lay their eggs (called nits) on the hair shaft of their host where they incubate for approximately one week before they hatch.|Though the exact mechanism of action is unknown, insecticides make their way into the insect in one of three ways: Ingestion; surface contact; and inhalation. Ingested poisons, also known as systemic or stomach poisons, are eaten by the insect, digested, and absorbed into the bloodstream where it effects the insects nervous system causing its death. Contact poisons pass through the outer surface of the insect (cuticle or exoskeleton) and enter the bloodstream where its toxic effect is spread throughout the insects body. Other contact poisons work by causing suffocation. Inhalants, also known as fumigants, enter the respiratory system of the insect through breathing pores and exert their toxic effect killing the parasite.|Crotamiton Lindane Pryrethrins Benzyl Benzoate Copper Oleate Gamma Benzene Hexachloride Sulfa in Petrolatum|¤\Gout is a hereditary condition associated with an inordinate amount of uric acid in the blood that eventually crystallizes and deposits in the joints and kidneys. When the uric acid accumulates in the body it tends to solidify into crystals that, when deposited in the joints, becomes known as gouty arthritis, or when deposited in the kidneys, produces kidney stones. Additionally, crystallized uric acid may show up as deposits under the skin on the feet, hands, outer ears, and elbows and appear as white lumps under the surface of the skin. Even though gout is hereditary, it is important to note that excessive use of diuretics, starvation, or dehydration can significantly aggravate the condition.|Drugs used in the treatment of gout can be divided into basically two categories: drugs to prevent attacks and drugs to treat attacks. In the former category drugs like Probenecid, Allpurinol, and Sulfinpyrazone, work by lowering the level of uric acid in the blood. [Uric acid is a crystalline acid occurring as an end product of purine metabolism. Purine is the end product of nucleoprotein digestion.] [Note: Purine is the name given to that part of the DNA molecule made up of nitrogen bases Adenine and Guanine.] In the latter category, drugs like Corticosteroids, Colchicine, and Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIS's) work by controlling the production and release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones. NSAID's block the production of prostaglandins (chemicals released by injured cells) and thus reduce pain and inflammation associated with gout.|Colchicine Allopurinol Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone Corticosteroids *Non-Steroidal Inflammatory drugs: Aspirin Aspirin, Alumnia, and Magnesia Buffered Aspirin Diflunisal Fenoprofen Ibuprofen Indomethacin Ketoprofen Meclofenamate Naproxen Piroxicam Salsalate Sulindac Tolmetin|Ґ[The primary function of hair is protection. Hair protects the scalp from injury and the effects of the ultraviolet rays of the sun. Eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from foreign particles, and hair in the external ear canal and nostrils protect against dust and foreign particles. Hair consists of a shaft and a root. The shaft, most of which extends above the surface of the skin, consists of three principle parts: inner medulla, middle cortex, and the cuticle (the outermost layer). The hair root, made up of the same three principle parts as the shaft, is the portion that penetrates into the dermis and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer below the skin. The root is surrounded by the hair follicle. The hair follicle is made up of an external root sheath and an internal root sheath. At the base of each follicle the follicle flares into an onion-shaped structure called the bulb. The bulb is indented at the bottom (known as the papilla of the hair) and contains the blood vessels that provide nourishment and life support for the growing hair.|Male pattern baldness is determined by heredity and male hormones called androgens. [Androgens are produced in the male testes and in the adrenal glands of both sexes. The most dynamic androgen is testosterone. Testosterone accelerates growth in tissues upon which it acts and stimulates blood flow. Testosterone is also responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics]. In recent years, common baldness (male pattern baldness) has been treated with a topical application of a drug normally used to treat high blood pressure. The drug known generically as Minoxidil, or by the brand names of Loniten and Rogaine, work by directly relaxing the arterioles (not veins) in the scalp and increases blood flow to the papilla of the hair bulb.|Minoxidil (topical)|k]Depressants, also known generically as "downers" in street slang, have been marketed in the United States as far back as 1912. Primarily used in the treatment of insomnia , relief of anxiety, and acute convulsive episodes, these drugs have been highly abused, and account for several thousand accidental and intentional deaths per year. Depressants can be divided into six major categories: Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Methaqualone, Ethchlorynol, Chloral Hydrate, and Meprobamate. Barbiturates, a a good illustration, belong to a class of drugs known as "Anxiolytic and Hypnotic drugs. It is believed that the mode of action of barbiturates interferes with sodium and potassium transport across cell membranes. The result of this action is an inhibition of the reticular activating system (RAS) in the brain. The RAS is located in the brain stem and controls the level of mental activity. (Note: Stimulation of the RAS produces wakefulness while inhibition of the RAS produces a sleepful state- Barbiturates inhibit the RAS). Barbiturates cause depression of the central nervous system and can produce effects ranging from mild sedation (a relaxed feeling) to deep coma, and death due to respiratory depression. Basically, barbiturates work by enhancing the actions of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter. (Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another, in effect allowing them to transmit information (messages) throughout the body.) It is believed that GABA promotes inhibition of the central nervous system by hyperpolorizing (making more negative) the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. When barbiturates are taken, the chemical bonds to specific receptors that are located adjacent to GABA receptors. These GABA receptors are juxtaposed (having a common border) with chloride channels. Because barbiturates (as well as benzodiazepines) enhance the action of GABA, GABA retention at the GABA receptor sites cause the chloride channels to open, allowing an increased flow of chloride into the postsynaptic neuron. The result of this action induces sedation, euphoria, mood changes, sleep, and respiratory depress ion. (Note: High doses can result in cardiovascular depression or death.) Due to the inherent dangers associated with the use of barbiturates (as well as with the drug meprobamate) they have been largely replaced by benzodiazepines.|Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants and are similar, in many ways, to the depressant effects of alcohol. To date, there are approximately 2,500 derivatives of barbituric acid of which only 15 are used medically. The first barbiturate was synthesized from barbituric acid (malonylurea) in 1864, manufactured for medical use in 1882, and released in 1903 under the brand name Veronal. The original use of barbiturates were to replace drugs such as opiates, bromides, and alcohol to induce sleep. Barbiturates are broken down chemically within the liver and eliminated via the kidneys at different rates according to their types: Slow-or long acting; intermediate, and ultra-fast--those producing unconsciousness in just a few minutes. With regular use, the body develops a tolerance to barbiturates that translates into a need for larger and more frequent doses to attain the desired affect. However, while the tolerance increases in terms of realizing a desired effect, tolerance to the lethal level does not. Increases, thus bringing the frequent user closer and closer to the "lethal limit" as they continue to up their doses. Barbiturate abuse can result in two kinds of dependence (addiction), Psychological dependence--that can develop very quickly and involves a commanding need or desire for the hypnotic or relaxing effects of the drug, and physical dependence--that takes longer to develop but is considerable more dangerous because the body reacts violently if the drug is stopped or the dose is sharply reduced.|Amobarbital Aprobarbital Butabarbital Hexobarbital Mephobarbital Metharbital Pentobarbital Phenobarbital Secobarbital|¦_Emitics are used to prevent extensive absorption of poisonous substances that have been ingested. Emitics are designed to induce vomiting but SHOULD NOT BE USED WHEN: 1. When the victim is unconscious. 2. When a caustic substance (e.g. bleach, acid, drain cleaner, lye..) has been ingested. 3. When petroleum products or any product made from petroleum distillates has been ingested (including gasoline, kerosene, or insecticides). 4. When the victim is pregnant. 5. If the victim is drowsy or sleepy.|Oral ingestion of dangerous chemicals can result in damage to the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract or may cause systemic toxicity after absorption. Drugs such as Ipecac syrup induce vomiting by acting locally on the gastric mucosa or centrally on the chemoreceptor trigger zone. [Note: Chemoreceptors are receptors in the body that are sensitive to chemicals in the blood. Chemoreceptors detect smell in the nose, taste in the mouth, and chemicals in body fluids, such as glucose, water, oxygen and carbon dioxide.] The stimulation of the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla, the area of the brain sensitive to pharmacological and chemical stimuli, induces vomiting.|Ipecac Syrup Apomorphine Hydrochloride|§]Cholinergics, also known as parasympathomimetics, stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system along with the sympathetic nervous system make up the autonomic, or involuntary, nervous system. Both components of the autonomic system, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, transmit nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands of the body. The nerve cells that make up these respective systems depend on specific neurotransmitters for their stimulation, stimulation that is responsible for transmitting signals from one cell to another. The parasympathetic system relies on the neurotransmitter acetylcholine while the sympathetic system depends on epinephrine and norepinephrine. Drugs that oppose the action of the parasympathetic system are called anticholinergics, as opposed to drugs that stimulate it, known as cholinergics. Agonist drugs, particularly cholinergic agonist drugs in this case, are drugs that are designed to evoke the same response as that of the body's natural chemicals. This is especially important if the missing body chemical happens to be a critical part of the parasympathetic nervous system, such as the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.|Direct acting cholinergic agonists drugs include Acetylcholine, Bethanechol, Carbachol, and Pilocarpine. While there are no therapeutic uses for the drug acetylcholine, its actions on the body include decreased heart rate and cardiac output, decreased blood pressure, and increased motility (spontaneous motion) of the smooth muscle in the genitourinary tract. The therapeutic uses of the cholinergic agonist bethanechol on the other hand includes stimulation of atonic bladder, particularly in postpartum or postoperative urinary retention. The action includes increased intestinal motility and tone and stimulates muscles in the bladder, causing the expulsion of urine.|Acetylcholine Bethanechol Carbachol Edrophonium Isoflurophate Neostigmine Pilocarpine Physostigmine|Ё]Adrenergic drugs affect nerve cells that are stimulated by norepinephrine and epinephrine. Adrenergic neurons (nerve cells) release norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter. These nerve cells make up part of the central nervous system and are also an important component of the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system, along with the parasympathetic nervous system, make up the autonomic, or involuntary, nervous system. Both components of the autonomic system transmit nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands of the body. The nerve cells that make up these respective systems depend on these specific neurotransmitters for their stimulation, stimulation that is responsible for transmitting signals from once cell to another. Drugs that are designed to stimulate the sympathetic system are called adrenergics (or sympathomimetics) and are used to encourage the release of norepinephrine or epinephrine or mimic their effect. Drugs that oppose the action of the sympathetic system are called sympatholytics, as opposed to those that stimulated it, called adrenergics. Agonist drugs, particularly adrenergic agonist drugs in this case, are drugs that are designed to evoke the same response as that of the body's natural chemicals. This is especially important if the missing body chemical happens to be a critical part of the sympathetic nervous system such as the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.|Direct acting adrenergic agonists drugs include drugs such as Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Phenylephrine, Isoproterenol, Terbutaline, Albutaline, Albuterol, and others. An example of this drug class is Isoproterenol, a direct acting synthetic form of epinephrine and norepinephrine (derived from the amino acid tyrosine) that is used therapeutically to produce intense stimulation of the heart. Because this adrenergic agonist drug is as active as epinephrine in its action, it is particularly useful in the treatment of cardiac arrest.|Epinephrine Norepinephrine Isoproterenol Dopamine Dobutamine Clonidine Terbutaline Methoxamine Phenylephrine Albuterol Ritodrine Tyramine Amphetamine|l[Information Not Available.|Information Not Available.|Information Not Available.|©]The action of an antagonist drug, such as a narcotic antagonist, is to prevent the stimulation of specific cells by blocking the influence of certain drugs. Narcotic antagonists such as Naloxone, (considered a pure narcotic antagonist), are chemically very similar to narcotics but are devoid of their morphine-like activities, that can include adverse behavioral effects, respiratory depression, and sedation. Because narcotic antagonists are as much as 10 to 100 times more potent than narcotics, they bind more readily to the specialized protein receptors on the surface membrane of certain cells, thereby blocking the effect of the narcotic and reversing its negative effects, such as respirator depression and adverse behavior. Additionally, because Naloxone is a pure narcotic antagonist it is the drug of choice in the treatment of narcotic poisoning.|Narcotic antagonists are primarily used as antidotes for narcotic overdoses. While the precise mechanism of narcotic antagonism is unknown, narcotic antagonists compete with narcotics for receptor sites, known as opioid receptors, located on the surface membrane of certain cells. Opioid receptors are found in greatest concentration in five areas of the brain: (1) the brainstem, (where they intervene in bodily functions that include stomach secretions, nausea, vomiting, control of blood pressure, and respiration); (2) the medial thalamus, (the thalamus is the principle relay station for sensory impulses that reach the cerebral cortex); (3) the limbic system, also known as the visceral brain, where the opioid receptors mediate various aspects of emotion and behavior; (4) the spinal cord, (where receptors are involved in transmission of pain stimuli) and; (5) the hypothalamus, where opioid receptors affect neuroendocrine secretion. [ When the hypothalamus detects various changes in the body it releases chemicals known as regulating factors that serve to inhibit or stimulat e the anterior pituitary gland. This in turn releases or holds back hormones that regulate a number of body's physiological processes.]|Levallophan Tartrate Naloxone Naltrexone|Є[Enzyme inhibitors affect a group of proteins that are known as enzymes. Enzymes are extremely efficient Biochemical catalysts, capable of promoting, regulating, or increasing the rate of two substances reacting. Sometimes by a factor of as much as 10 billion times the reaction rate without them. In body cells, enzymes serve as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions that would normally take too long to sustain the life of the cell. Enzymes interact with specific molecules that are called substrates, and each enzyme is extremely selective about what kind of substrate it interacts with. Enzymes are normally capable of metabolizing anywhere from 1 to 10,000 substrate molecules per second but this number can go as high as 500,000 molecules per second. While some enzymes consist only of proteins, such as pepsin, secreted by the stomach, most contain a protein called an apoenzyme that is inactive without its counterpart, a nonprotein component called a cofactor. Together these two components are called a holoenzyme, or whole enzyme. Enzyme inhibitors then are those drugs that are capable of attaching to the enzyme in lieu of the substrate thereby blocking the chemical change of the substrate.|There are a number of different drugs that work by blocking the catalytic action of the various enzymes within the body. One example, the drug Metyrosine, is an antihypertensive drug that works by blocking the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, preventing the conversion of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine. Another example is the drug Disulfiram, an antialcohol agent, that works by blocking acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme that normally metabolizes alcohol in the body.|Metyrosine (Mexitil) Disulfiram (Antabuse) Hemin (Panhematin) Alpha 1 Proteinase Inhibitor (Prolastin) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor|‰YAntitussive agents are drugs that are used to treat coughing. Coughing is a reflex action on the part of the body to clear the airways of phlegm, mucus, foreign objects, or irritants such as smoke or dust. The cough reflex is triggered by stimulation of nerve endings in the trachea, bronchi, or bronchioles. The nerve impulses caused by this stimulation travel along sensory nerve routes that ultimately lead to and stimulate the cough center located in the portion of the brain known as the medulla.|Antitussives suppress the cough reflex by acting directly on the cough center in the brain, producing a local anesthetic effect on sensory nerve endings. Opiate antitussive agents such as codeine, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone work by decreasing the sensitivity of the cough center to the peripheral stimuli generated by the nerve endings in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. Dextromethorphan, a synthetic morphine derivative, also suppresses stimulation of the cough control center but has no analgesic or addictive potential. Additionally, dextromethorphan is less constipating than codeine.|Chlophedianol Codeine (oral) Dextromethorphan Diphenhydramine Syrup Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Methadone Morphine|lXClass Not Available|Class Not Available|Class Not Available|lY|||«_Gallstones develop in an organ called the gallbladder. The function of the gallbladder is to concentrate and store bile until it is needed in the small intestine. Bile is produced by the liver and enters the small intestine through the "common bile duct". The bile itself is an olive green liquid that consists mostly of water, bile salts, lecithin, and cholesterol. The bile salts emulsify, or breakdown, fats and cholesterol that enter the small intestine. When the small intestine is empty, a valve (known as the sphincter of Oddi) closes and the bile backs up into the gallbladder for storage and eventual use. During digestion, the stored bile again passes through the common bile duct back into the small intestine where it aids in the digestion of fats. Gallstones form in the gallbladder when the bile contains excessive amounts of cholesterol. When the cholesterol concentration becomes excessive it separates from the bile solution and forms stone like masses that are known as "gallstones".|A drug commonly used as a gallstone dissolving agent is Chenodiol, a chemical substance that is naturally found in bile. When administered as a gallstone solubilizing agent Chenodiol limits the amount of cholesterol that passes into the bile solution by affecting the chemical processes within the liver. Once the chemical processes within the liver reduce the amount of cholesterol contained in bile, the bile acids begin to breakdown and dissolve the stones.|Chenodiol Ursodiol|FIRST DEGREE BURNS The first degree burn is the least damaging in that it involves only the outermost layers of the skin. In a first degree burn the skin will turn red but will not burn through or blister. The classic example of a first degree burn is a good sunburn. Atropine Hyoscyamine Scopolamine and Butabarbital Atropine Hyoscyamine Scopolamine and Phenobarbital Belladonna and Amobarbital Belladonna and Butabarbital Hyoscyamine and Phenobarbital|Belladonna Alkaloids and Barbiturates|068\ Anaspaz PB Antrocol Barbidonna Barophen Belladenal Belladenal-S Belladenal Spacetabs Bellalphen Bellergal Butibel Chardonna-2 Donnapine Donna-Sed Donnatal Donnatal Extentabs Donophen Hyosophen Kinesed Levisn with Phenobarbital Levsinex with Phenobarbital Timecaps Levsin-PB Malatal Pheno-Bella Relaxadon Spaslin Spasmolin Spasmophen Spasquid Susano| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: some Belladonna Alkaloids and Barbiturates block parasympathetic nerve impulses to specific organs and glands, preventing muscle contractions.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take affect. Unless otherwise indicated by your physician, the medication should be taken 1/2 to 1 hour before meals.|If within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic, sedative used to treat insomnia, anxiety and spasms of the urethra, bladder, and digestive system.|Life-threatening effects can include difficult breathing, restlessness, fast heart beat (tachycardia) and unusual excitement. If this occurs Contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience dizziness, nausea, constipation, vomiting, and dry nose, mouth, and throat. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May involve an increase in the effect of Belladonna when used with Amantadine, small other Anticholinergics, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines, Quinidine, and Valporic Acid. 2. May result in a dangerous sedative effect when used with Antidepressants (Tricyclics), Antihistamines, Carteolol, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Pain relievers, Phenothiazines, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Sotalol, and Tranquilizers. 3. May result in an increased Barbiturate effect when used with oral Antidiabetics, Carteolol, MAO inhibitors, Sotalol, and Valporic Acid. 4. May result in a change in seizure patterns when used with Anticonvulsants. 5. May result in diminishing the effect of oral Contraceptives. The use of this drug may decrease the affect of oral Anticoagulants, Aspirin, Beta-adrenergic blockers, Digitoxin, Doxycycline, Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole, Metronidazole, and Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs. May result in an increase of internal eye pressure when used with Cortisone drugs, Haloperidol, and Nitrates. 6. May result in intestinal ulcers when used with oral Potassium tablets. 7. May result in death when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have bladder problems, severe ulcerative colitis porphyria, narrow-angle glaucoma, or are allergic to any Anticholinergic or Barbiturate. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have myasthenia gravis, epilepsy, peptic ulcer, asthma, angina, open-angle glaucoma, hiatal hernia, chronic bronchitis, enlarged prostate, anemia, thyroid disease, kidney problems, liver disease, chronic pain, or will be having surgery within the next 2 months (includes dental) requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under doctor's supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may result in lower body temperature, anemia, chronic intoxication and addiction. 7. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving, or working around machinery.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions, blurred vision, confusion, hallucinations, irregular heartbeat, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Alprazolam Bromazepam Chlordiazepoxide Clonazepam Clorazepate Diazepam Flurazepam Halazepam Ketazolam Lorazepam Midazolam Nitrazepam Oxazepam Prazepam Quazepam Temazepam Triazolam|Benzodiasepines|051] Alzapam Apo-Chlordiazepoxide Apo-Diazepam Apo-Flurazepam Apo-Lorazepam Apo-Oxazepam Ativan Centrax Dalmane Diazemuls Diazepam Intensol Doral Durapam E-Pam Estazolam Gen-Xene Halcion Klonopin Lectopam Libritabs Librium Lipoxide Loftran Loraz Medilium Meval Mitran Mogadon Novoclopate Novodipam Novoflupam Novolorazem Novopoxide Novoxapam Paxipam pms-Oxazepam Prosom Q-Pam Razepam Restoril Rival Rivotril Serax Sereen Solium Somnol Som-Pam Temaz Tranxene Tranxene-SD Tranxene T-Tab Valium Valrelease Vazepam Vivol Xanax Zapex Zetran| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: some Influences the part of the brain that controls emotions.|Allow approximately 6 weeks for maximum benefit.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double.|This medication is a tranquilizer (benzodiazepine) and is used in the treatment of insomnia, muscle spasms, anxiety, and convulsions.|On rare occasion some people may experience difficulty breathing and a slow heartbeat. If this occurs cease using this drug and Contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Less serious, however not uncommon, some people may experience dizziness and drowsiness. If this occurs consult with your doctor about these symptoms during your next visit.|1. May increase the effect of this drug when used with oral Contraceptives, Disulfriam, Dronabinol, Erythromycins, Ketoconazole, Nizatidine, and Probenecid. 2. The use of this drug may result in increasing the sedative effect of both drugs when used with Antidepressants, Antihistamines, Narcotics, Sleep Inducers, and Tranquilizers. 3. May result in central nervous system toxicity when used with Clozapine. 4. May result in an increased tranquilizer effect when used with Molindone. 5. May result in convulsions, rage, and excessive sedation when used with MAO inhibitors. 6. May diminish the effect of Levodova. 7. May alter seizure severity when used with Anticonvulsants. 8. May result in extremely low blood pressure when used with Antihypertensives. 9. May result in extremely heavy sedation when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have myasthenia gravis, are allergic to any Benzodiazepine drugs, or are a recovering alcoholic, unless otherwise prescribed by your physician. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have glaucoma, porphyria, diabetes, lung disease, epilepsy, liver disease, or kidney disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Children under 6 months old should only use this drug under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience a feeling of hangover and agitation while using this drug. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to liver problems. 7. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving or working around machinery.|Overdose symptoms can include tremor, drowsiness, stupor, weakness, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately. |Acebutolol Atenolol Betaxolol Carteolol Labetalol Metropolol Nadolol Oxprenolol Penbutolol Pindolol Propranolol Sotalol Timolol|Beta-Adrenergic Blockers|013Z Apo-Metoprolol Apo-Metoprolol (Type L) Apo-Propranolol Apo-Timol Betaloc Betaloc Durules Blocadren Cartrol Corgard Detensol Inderal LA Kerlone Levatol Lopresor Lopressor Lopressor SR Monitan Normodyne Novometoprol Novopranol pms Propranolol Sectral Slow-Trasicor Sotacor Tenormin Trandate Trasicor Visken| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: some Retards nerve impulses to the heart, reduces blood vessel contraction, diminishes the oxygen to the heart, and blocks some functions of the sympathetic nervous system.|Allow approximately 4 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember than continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Beta-adrenergic blocker used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and to stabilize irregular heartbeat.|Life threatening effects can include rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), and difficulty breathing. If this occurs cease using this drug and contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience an excessive drop in heart rate. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience sore throat, skin rash, headache, anxiety, breathing problems, hallucinations, fever, nightmares, chest pain, and insomnia. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor right away.|1. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Antidiabetics and Antihypertensive. 2. May result in dangerous sedation when used with Barbiturates and Narcotics. 3. May result in an added drop in blood pressure when used with Calcium Channel blockers, Clonidine, Diazoaxide, and Nitrates. 4. May diminish the effect of Beta-Agonists. 5. May result in an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol. 6. Indomethacin may diminish the effect of this drug. 7. Molindone may increase the tranquilizer effect. 8. May result in congestive heart failure when used with Nicardipine and Nimodipine. 9. May degenerate congestive heart failure when used with Tocainide. 10. May result in an excessively slow heart rate when used with Quinidine. 11. May result in a blood pressure drop and excessive sedation when used with Reserpine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have asthma, are allergic to any Beta-Adrenergic Blocker, symptoms of hay fever, or have taken any MAO inhibitors within the last 2 weeks. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney or liver problems, hay fever, emphysema, asthma, heart disease, over active thyroid, poor blood circulation (especially to the extremities), chronic bronchitis, diabetes, hypoglycemia, or will be having surgery (includes dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants or children. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to weak heart muscle contractions. Follow up medical exams should be discussed with your doctor. 7. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving or working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include breathing difficulties, drop in blood pressure, weakness, cold/sweaty skin, weak pulse, and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Atenolol and Chlorthalidone Labetalol and Hydrochlorothiazide Metoprolol and Hydrochlorothiazide Nadolol and Bendroflumethiazide Pindolol and Hydrochlorothiazide Propranolol and Hydrochlorothiazide Timolol and Hydrochlorothiazide.|Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents and Thiazide Diuretics|013Z Co-Betaloc Corzide Inderide Inderide LA Lopressor HCT Normozide Tenoretic Timolide Trandate HCT Viskazide| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Lowers blood pressure by reducing body fluid, relaxes muscle cells of the smaller arteries, reduces the oxygen requirements of the heart, retards nerve impulses through the heart, retards blood vessel contraction, and blocks specific actions of the sympathetic nervous system.|Allow approximately 4 hours for this drug to take effect. Lowering blood pressure may require a matter of weeks.|If you remember within 4 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 4 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Beta-Adrenergic blocker, diuretic (thiazide) used to treat high blood pressure, angina, reduce fluid retention, and stabilize irregular heartbeat. May also abate the frequency of headaches (migraine).|Life threatening affects can include an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, wheezing, seizures. If this occurs seek Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally it is not uncommon for some people to experience nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, muscle cramps, mood changes, and a weak pulse. If this occurs cease using this drug and contact your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used Alcohol and Antidepressants (Tricyclic). 2. The use of this drug may result in diminishing the effect of Allopurinol, Antihistamines, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs, Potassium supplements, Probencid, Sympathomimetics and Theophylline/Aminophylline. 3. May increase the effect of Antidiabetics, Antihypertensives, Barbiturates, other Thiazide Diuretics, Narcotics, Propafenone, and Reserpine. 4. May complicate congestive heart failure when used with Tocainide and Nicardipine 5. May result in an increased diuretic effect when used with Bumetanide, Ethacrynic Acid, Furosemide, Indeapimide, and Metolazone. 6. Phenytoin may increase the beta-adrenergic effect of this drug. 7. May result in an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates. 8. May result an excessively slow heart rate when used with Quinidine. 9. May result in dangerous heart rhythms when used with Cortisone drugs, and Digitalis preparations. 10. May result in a dangerous level of sedation when used with Barbiturates and Narcotics. 11. The use of this drug may diminish the ability of Insulin and oral Hypoglycemics to lower blood glucose. 12. May result in a diminished hydrochlorthiazide effect when used with Cholestyramine. |1. This drug should not be used if you have taken any MAO inhibitors in the past 2 weeks, have asthma or symptoms of hay fever, or are allergic to any Thiazide Diuretic drug or any Beta-Adrenergic Blocker. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, heart disease, liver or kidney problems, hay fever, poor circulation (especially to the extremities), over active thyroid, hypoglycemia, chronic bronchitis, gout, emphysema, problems with the pancreas, systemic lupus erythematosus, are allergic to tartrazine dye or any sulfa drugs, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants or children. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. May also experience a substantial loss of Potassium and dizziness while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug may result in weaker heart muscle contractions and a dependency on high blood pressure medications. Follow up medical exams should be discussed with your doctor. 7. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include fainting, irregular heartbeat, confusion, seizures, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center.|Betamethasone||024b Betnelan Betnesol Celestone Celestone Phosphate Celestone Soluspan Selestoject| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Lessens body's inflammatory response.|Allow approximately 3 to 4 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Cortisone drug (adrenal corticosteroid) used to treat blood disorders, corticosteroid deficiencies, asthma, kidney disease, and emphysema.|On rare occasion some people may experience an irregular heartbeat, difficulties swallowing, hives, infections, and black or bloody stool. If this occurs cease taking this drug and Contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. It is not uncommon for some people to experience a loss of appetite, indigestion, nausea, constipation, vomiting, gaseousness, thirst, acne, diarrhea, coughing, dizziness, and hoarseness. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. Use of this drug may result in diminishing the affect of oral Anticoagulants, oral Antidiabetics, Cholinergics, Insulin, Isoniazid, and Potassium supplements. 2. The following drugs may diminish the effectiveness of this drug: Anticonvulsants (Hydanoin), Antihistamines, Aspirin, Barbiturates, Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, Chloral Hydrate, Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Ephedrine, Glutethimide, Phenytoin, and Rifampin. 3. May result in a dangerously irregular heartbeat when used with Indapamide. 4. May result in a depletion of potassium when used with Butmetanide, Ethacrynic Acid, Diuretics (Thiazide), and Furosemide. 5. May result in glaucoma when used with Sympathomimetics. 6. May increase the affect of Cyclosporine. 7. Indomethacin and oral Contraceptives may increase the effect of this drug. 8. May result in a dangerous loss of potassium and toxicity when used with Digitalis preparation. 9. May result in stomach ulcers when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have thyroid disease, liver disease, kidney disease, heart disease, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, diverticulitis, diabetes, tuberculosis, bone disease, stomach ulcer, colitis, herpes infection of the genitals/eyes/lips, or are allergic to any Cortisone drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if your taking any other medication (over-the-counter or prescription), have congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, infection, under active thyroid, glaucoma, diabetes, myasthenia gravis, blood clots in the lungs or legs, or peptic ulcer. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience osteoporosis, cataracts, as well as worsening ulcers, edema, and diabetes. 6. Extended use of this drug may result in glaucoma, diabetes, frail bones, retarded growth (children), cataracts, and may develop dependence on the drug. Periodic medical exams should be considered while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions, headache, and heart failure. If you suspect an overdose medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Albuterol Bitolterol Ephedrine Epinephrine Ethylnorepinephrine Fenoterol Isoetharine Isoproterenol Metaproterenol Pirbuterol Terbutaline|Broncodilators, Adrenergic|063Y Adrenalin Aerolone Alupent Arm-a-Med Isoetharine Arm-a-Med Metaproterenol AsthmaHaler AsthmaNefrin Berotec Brethaire Brethine Bricanyl Bronitin Mist Bronkaid Mist Bronkaid Mist Suspension Bronkaid Mistometer Bronkephrine Bronkometer Bronkosol Dey-Dose Isoetharine Dey-Dose Isoetharine S/F Dey-Dose Isoproterenol Dey-Dose Metaproterenol Dey-Dose Racepinephrine Dey-Lute Isoetharine Dey-Lute Isoetharine S/F Dey-Lute Metaproterenol Dispos-a-Med Isoetharine Dispos-a-Med Isoptroterenol Ephed II EpiPen Auto-Injector EpiPen Jr. Auto-Injector Isuprel Isuprel Glossets Isuprel Mistometer Maxair Medihaler-Epi Medihaler-Iso Metaprel microNefrin Norisodrine Aerotrol Novosalmol Primatene Mist Primatene Mist Suspension Proventil Proventil Repetabs Sus-Phrine Tornalate Vapo-Iso Vaponefrin Ventolin Ventolin Rotocaps| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: some * Available in generic form? Yes: some Broncodilators, Adrenergic affect a decrease in blood flow, relax bronchial tube muscles, and prohibit the release of histamines. |Allow approximately 60 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Sympathomimetic used to treat congestion, allergic reactions, and asthma (bronchial).|On rare occasion some people may experience chest pains, hallucinations, and an irregular heartbeat. If this occurs ceases taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience a rapid heartbeat, anxiety, headache, dry mouth, and trembling. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit. |1. May diminish the effect of both drugs when used with Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, Guanadrel, Guanethidine. 2. May result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure with MAO inhibitors. 3. May result in increasing the bronchodilator effect when used with Antidepressant (Tricyclic), Epinephrine, MAO inhibitors, Pseudoephedrine, Sympathomimetics, and Thyroid drugs. 4. May result in bronchodilator toxicity when used with Phenothiazines. May also decrease the bronchodilator effect. 5. May result in a significant rise in blood pressure when used with Ergot preparations. 6. May result in serious heart-rhythm problems when used with Digitalis preparations. 7. May result in increased blood pressure when used with Methyldopa. 8. May decrease the effect of Antihypertensives. |1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Bronchodilator drug or Ephedrine. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have taken any MAO inhibitor in the past 2 weeks, have high blood pressure, over active thyroid, diabetes, urination difficulties, have taken Digitalis preparations within the last 7 days, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either a spinal or a general anesthesia. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience high blood pressure, angina, and heart-rhythm problems while under the influence of this drug. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Extended use may lead to urination difficulty in men with enlarged prostate gland, and toxic psychosis. Periodic medical exams should be considered while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include an irregular pulse, tremors, delirium, anxiety, confusion and rapid pulse. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Bumetanide||006\ Bumex| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Bumetanide affects elimination of water and sodium from the body. |Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If applicable, take within 2 hours of having missed your dose. If more than 2 hours late wait for your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Diuretic (loop) used to decrease fluid retention in the body. |On rare occasion some people may experience joint pain, hearing loss, muscle cramps, abdominal pain, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, fatigue, water diarrhea, mood changes, thirst, fever, appetite loss, skin rash, ringing sensation in the ears, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, dry mouth, tingling sensation in the hands or feet, and unusual bruising or bleeding. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. |1. May lead to excess potassium in the blood when used with ACE inhibitors. 2. May result in an irregular heartbeat when used with Amiodarone. 3. May increase the effect of Amitriptyline. 4. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nicardipine and Nimodipine. 5. May result in an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates. 6. May result in decreased potassium when used with Corticosteroids. 7. May result in Digitalis toxicity when used with Digoxin. 8. May result in increasing the blood pressure drop when used with Antihypertensives. 9. May lead to lithium toxicity when used with Lithium. 10. May increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 11. May result in a drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Bumetanide. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have gout, diabetes, kidney disease, impaired hearing, liver disease, are allergic to Sulfa, taking any other medications (over-the-counter or prescription), or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may result in diabetes, an imbalance of potassium, water, and salt in both body tissues and blood. |Overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, thirst, deep sleep, confusion, stupor, weak yet rapid pulse, and cardiac arrest. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Buspirone||051] BuSpar| * Addiction Potential? Unknown * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Affects the body's neurotransmitter system.|Allow approximately 2 weeks for maximum effect.|Take as soon as you remember, then continue on the new revised schedule. CAUTION: Do not double the dose.|This drug is a tranquilizer used to treat nervous tension and anxiety.|Life threatening effects can include chest pain, pounding heart, and rapid pulse. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, and restlessness. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in excessive sedation when used with Antihistamines, Barbiturates, Muscle relaxants, Narcotics, Sedatives, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Buspirone. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney disease, have ever been addicted to any drugs, or are currently taking any other medication. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Consult with your doctor before giving to infants and children. 6. Extended use is not recommended. Follow up medical examinations should be considered. Consult with your doctor. 7. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving, and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, nausea, drowsiness, small pupils, and unconsciousness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Busulfan||077^ Myleran| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Suppresses the body's immune system.|Allow approximately 6 weeks for full effect.|Take as soon as you remember, than continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antineoplastic, immunosuppressant used to treat some forms of cancer and to suppress the body's immune response system after transplants.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience lip sores, menstrual irregularities, sore throat, chills, fever, black stools, unusual bleeding, unusual bruising, or mouth sores. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in intestinal bleeding when used with Alcohol. 2. May lead to producing a toxic effect on bone marrow when used with Clozapine or Tiopronin. 3. May result in kidney or heart problems when used with Lovastatin. 4. May diminish the effect of Antigout drugs. 5. May increase the toxic effect of both Busulfan and Chloramphenicol.|1. This drug should not be used if you are hypersensitive to any Alkylating Antineoplastic drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney or liver problems, gout, have an active infection, ever had kidney stones, or have taken other Antineoplastic drugs or had radiation treatment within the last 3 weeks. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should only use this drug under strict medical supervision. 6. Extended use is not recommended. May increase the risk of adverse effects.|Overdose symptoms may include fever, chills, bleeding, stupor, collapse, and seizure. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Cefixime||012Y Suprax| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Kills bacteria susceptible to this drug.|Allow approximately 2 to 3 days for this drug to affect infection.|Take as soon as you remember and continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antibiotic (Cephalosporin) used to treat bacterial infections.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, some people may experience redness, skin rash, and itching. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience weight loss, weakness, severe diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, joint pain, fever, appetite loss, and convulsions. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in toxicity of the kidney when used with Alcohol. 2. May diminish the antibiotic effect of this drug when used with Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycins, and Tetracyclines. 3. May result in peptic ulcer when used with Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics. 4. May increase the anticoagulant effect of Anticoagulants. 5. Probencid may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Cephalosporin antibiotic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have colitis, enteritis, kidney problems, or are allergic to any Penicillin antibiotic. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Extended use may result in secondary infections.|Overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea with blood, abdominal cramps, and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Cellulose Sodium Phosphate||065\ Calcibind| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Prevents calcium from being absorbed into blood stream.|Works Immediately.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiurolithic used to prevent the formation of calcium kidney stones.|On rare occasion some people may experience abdominal pain while using this drug. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. |1. May decrease the effect of Magnesium in drugs containing magnesium.|1. This drug should not be used if you have hyperparathyroidism, bone disease, or have to little calcium in your blood. 2. Before using this consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease or heart disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with doctor before using this drug. 4. Not recommended for children under 16 years of age. 5. Extended use should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include muscle spasms, drowsiness, mental changes, and seizures. If you suspect an overdose and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Cephalexin||012Y Ceporex C-Lexin Entacef Keflet Keflex Keftab Novolexin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Kills bacteria susceptible to this drug.|Allow approximately 2 or 3 days for this drug to affect infections.|Take as soon as you remember than continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antibiotic (Cephalosporin) used to treat bacterial infections.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience redness, skin rash, and itching. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience weight loss, fever, nausea, vomiting, cramps, tiredness, joint pain, appetite loss, severe diarrhea (blood in stool), and increased thirst. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in kidney toxicity when used with Alcohol. 2. May diminish the antibiotic effect of this drug when used with Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycins, and Tetracyclines. 3. May result in peptic ulcer when used with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics. 4. May increase the anticoagulant effect of Anticoagulants. 5. Probenecid may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Cephalosporin antibiotic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have colitis, enteritis, kidney problems, or are allergic to any Penicillins. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience an itching sensation around the genitals and rectum while using this drug. Consult with your doctor before using. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Extended use may result in secondary infections.|Overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea (blood in stool), abdominal cramps, and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Chlorzoxazone & Acetaminophen||055` Arlon Forte Blanex Cetazone Chlorofon-F Chlorzone Forte Chlorzoxacet-F Chlorzoxazone with APAP Eze-DS Flexaphen Flextra Lobac Miflex Mus-Lax Panflex Paracet Forte Paraforte Parazone Pargen Fortified Polyflex Pyregesic Forte Rofon Forte Saroflex Skelex Spasgesic Uni Para Plus| * Addiction Potential? May be habit forming. * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Affects the hypothalamus portion of the brain in order to diminish pain impulses.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Take as soon as you remember, than wait 3 hours before taking the next dose.|This drug is a Muscle Relaxant, Analgesic, fever-reducer used in the treatment of fever, moderate pain, and muscle spasms.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) an include skin rash, intense itching, hives and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some may experience swelling of the tongue, face, or lips, and decrease urine output. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience drowsiness, dizziness, and lightheadedness. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in increased sedation when used with Antidepressants, Antihistamines, Mind-Altering drugs, other Muscle Relaxants, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, Alcohol, and Tranquilizers. 2. May result in liver toxicity when used with Alcohol. 3. May increase the anticoagulant effect of Anticoagulant drugs. 4. May produce a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 5. Consult with your doctor before using this drug with MAO Inhibitors. 6. Phenobarbital may diminish the effect of Acetaminophen. 7. May result in an increase effect on the central nervous system when used with Dronabinol.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Acetaminophen or Skeletal-Muscle Relaxant. Should not be used if your symptoms do not improve after 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, plan on becoming pregnant while using this drug, or are allergic to Tartrazine dye. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants or children. 6. Extended use of this drug may cause anemia. Follow up medical exams are encouraged. 7. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving, and while working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include fainting, difficulty in breathing, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, irritability, convulsions, increased sweating, headache, sensation of paralysis, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Cholestyramine||046_ Cholybar Questran Questran Light| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Removes excess bile acids by combining with it, preventing absorbtion.|Allow approximately 1 day for the reduction of cholesterol and approximately 4 weeks for bile-acid reduction.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihyperlipidemic, antiprurtic used in the treatment of excess bile-acids and the lowering of blood cholesterol.|On rare occasion some people may experience black tarry stool and severe stomach pain. If this occurs seek Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience constipation while using this drug. If this occurs make your doctor aware of this during your next visit.|1. May diminish the effect or absorption of Dextrothyroxin, Digitalis preparations, Indapamide, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. May decrease the effects of Vancomycin. 3. May increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 4. Thiazides and Trimethoprim may decrease the absorption of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Cholestyramine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have stomach problems, ulcers, angina, blood vessel disease, hemorrhoids, heart disease, constipation, kidney disease, are sensitive to Tartrazine, or will become pregnant while using this medication. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants or children. 6. Extended use may result in a decrease of Folic Acid absorption. Follow up medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms may include experiencing the adverse effects of this drug. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ciprofloxacin||022^ Cipro| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Kills bacteria susceptible to this drug.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antibacterial (antibiotic) used to treat a number of different types of infections. |Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) an include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain or discomfort. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience pain while urinating, blood in urine, and back pain. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in kidney problems when used with Antacids, Probenecid, and Carbonic Anyhdrase. 2. May lead to toxicity of the central nervous system when used with Alcohol and Theophylline.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Nalidixic Acid, Norfloxacin, or Ciprofloxacin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have any central nervous system disorders. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants or children. 6. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving, and operating machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Wear a sunscreen, may be photosensitizing.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Potassium Citrate Potassium Citrate & Citric Acid Potassium Citrate & Sodium Citrate Sodium Citrate & Citric Acid Tricitrates|Citrates|065\ Albright's Solution Bicitra Citra Forte Citrolith Efricon Expectorant Liquid Lanatuss Expectorant Modified Shohl's Solution Oracit Phanatuss Polycitra Polycitra-K Polycitra-LC-Sugar-free Tricodene NN Cough & Cold Medication Tussirex with Codeine liquid Urocit-K| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Facilitates the excretion of bicarbonate ions in order to increase the alkalinity of urine, thereby making it less acid.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hour late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This is a Urinary alkalizer, antiurolithic, used to treat some types of kidney stones and decrease the acidity of urine.|Life threatening effects can include irregular heartbeat, vomiting blood, intense abdominal cramps, shortness of breath, and black tarry stools. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience both nausea or vomiting while using this drug. If this occurs consult with your doctor during your next visit.|1. May increase the effect of Amphetamines. 2. May lead to Citrate toxicity when used with Antacids. 3. May lead to the development of kidney stones when used with Calcium supplements. 4. May result in excess blood-potassium when used with Digitalis preparations. 5. May diminish the effect of Methenamine|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Citrates. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, heart problems, hypertension, diabetes, diseases of the adrenal glands, gastritis, chronic diarrhea, stomach ulcers, urinary tract infections, toxemia of pregnancy, or will be participating in highly strenuous exercises. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should only use this drug under strict medical supervision. 6. Extended use may increase the risk of experiencing the adverse effects of this drug. Follow up medical examinations are encouraged. 7. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving or working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Clindamycin||003[ Cleocin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Kills bacteria susceptible to this drug.|Allow approximately 4 to 5 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antibiotic (lincomycin) used to treat bacterial infections and is a topical treatment for acne.|Life threatening effects can include wheezing, faintness, hives, itching, and coma. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some people may experience stomach cramps, swollen joints, weight loss, jaundice, weakness, vomiting, and watery diarrhea with blood and mucus. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in augmenting the effect of Muscle Blocking drugs to a dangerous level. 2. Antidiarrheal drugs, Chloramphenicol, or Erythromycins may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. May reduce the antibiotic effect of Cefixime.|1. This drug should not be used if you have or had ulcerative colitis or are allergic to Lincosamides. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, allergies to anything, kidney disease, yeast infections of the skin/mouth/vagina, or will have surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Should not be given to infants under 1 month of age. Infants older than 1 month and children should only use this drug under medical supervision. 6. Extended use may lead to diarrhea, severe colitis, and becoming more susceptible to infections. Periodic medical exams should be considered.|Overdose symptoms include vomiting, severe nausea, and diarrhea. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Clomiphene||047\ Clomid Milophene Serophene| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Stimulates sperm production and ovulation.|Allow anywhere from 3 to 6 months for this drug to take effect.|If you miss a dose retake once you remember and continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a gonad stimulant used to treat men with low sperm counts and ovulation failure in women.|Life threatening effects can include an abrupt shortness of breath. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience abdominal pain, pelvic pain, and bloating. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some people may experience vomiting, skin rash, vision problems, jaundice, and itching. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the serum of Thyroxine (T-4) or Thyroglobuiln.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Clomiphene. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, unusual vaginal bleeding, ovarian cyst, inflamed veins, fibroid uterine tumors, or are depressed. 3. This drug is not recommended for people over 60 years of age consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used while breast-feeding. 5. Cease taking this drug at the first indication of pregnancy. 6. Extended use of this drug is not recommended and should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include experiencing the adverse effects of this drug. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Clozapine||070] Clozaril Leponex| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Retards Dopamine binding.|Allow approximately 6 hours for this drug to take effect. |If you remember within 2 hours of having missed a dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antipsychotic used to treat severe schizophrenia.|Life threatening effects can include seizures. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasions some people may experience confusion, abdominal pain, blurred vision, restlessness, muscle tremors, chills, difficulty urinating, insomnia, anxiety, and unusual bleeding. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. |1. May increase the risk of having a seizure when used with Lithium. 2. May lead to central nervous system toxicity when used with Alcohol or Central Nervous System depressants. 3. May produce toxic bone marrow problems when used with Bone Marrow Depressants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have glaucoma, bone marrow depression, or are mentally depressed. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver or heart disease, enlarged prostate gland, gastrointestinal disease, or have had seizures for any reason. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty urinating, confusion, dizziness, weakness, and excitement. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Consult with your doctor before giving this drug to infants or children. 6. Exercise caution while piloting aircraft, driving, and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include difficulty breathing, hallucinations, drowsiness, heartbeat irregularities, and excitement. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Lavatar Tarpaste|Coal Tar (Topical)|069[ Alphosyl Aquatar Balnetar Balnetar Therapeutic Tar Bath Cutar Water Dispesible Emollient Tar Denorex Denorex Extra Strength Medicated Shampoo Denorex Medicated Shampoo Denorex Medicated Shampoo and Conditioner Denorex Mountain Fresh Herbal Scent Medicated Shampoo DHS Tar Gel Shampoo DHS Tar Shampoo Doak Oil Doak Oil Forte Doak Oil Forte Therapeutic Bath Treatment Doak Oil Therapeutic Bath Treatment for All-Over Body Care Doak Tar Lotion Doak Tar Shampoo Estar Fototar Ionil-T Plus Liquor Carbonis Detergens Medotar Pentrax Extra-Strength Therapeutic Tar Shampoo Pentrax Tar Shampoo psoriGel Taraphilic Tarbonis Tar Doak Tarpaste Doak T/Derm Tar Enollient Tegrin Lotion for Psoriasis Tegrin Medicated Shampoo Concentrated Gel Tegrin Medicated Shampoo Extra Conditioning Formula Tegrin Medicated Shampoo Herbal Formula Tegrin Medicated Shampoo Original Formula Tegrin Medicated Soap for Psoriasis Tegrin Skin Cream for Psoriasis Tersa-Tar Mild Therapeutic Shampoo w/Protein and Conditioner Tersa-Tar Soapless Tar Shampoo Tersa-Tar Therapeutic Shampoo T-Gel T/Gel Therapeutic Conditioner T/Gel Therapeutic Shampoo Zetar Zetar Emulsion Zetar Medicated Antiseborrheic Shampoo| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Some, Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Suppresses skin cell production and destroys certain fungi and bacteria.|Works immediately on contact. Allow 2 to 3 days for maximum effect.|Reapply once you remember, based on the package instructions.|This drug is an Antiseborrheic, antisporiatic, keratolytic used to treat skin diseases such as eczema, seborrhea, and dermatitis.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience a stinging sensation on the skin when this drug is being used. If this occurs consult with your doctor during your next visit. May also stain clothes.|1. The use of this drug with Psoralens may result in a heightened sensitivity to sunlight.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Coal Tar. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have skin infections, or open lesions.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely when used topically. However, if this drug is taken internally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ethynodiol Diacetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Ethynodiol Diacetate and Mestranol Levonorgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Norethindrone and Ethinyl Estradiol Norethindrone and Mestranol Norethindrone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Norgestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol Northynodrel and Mestranol|Contraceptives, oral|036\ Brevicon Demulen Enovid Enovid-E Genora 1/35 Genora 1/50 Levlen Loestrin Lo-Ovral Micronor Minestrin Min-Ovral Modacon Modicon N.E.E. 1/35 Nelova Norcept Nordette Norethin Norlestrin Norlinyl Nor-Q.D. Norquest Ortho Ortho-Novum 0.5 Ortho-Novum 1/35 Ortho-Novum 1/50 Ortho-Novum 1/80 Ortho-Novum 2 Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 Ortho-Novum 10/11 Ovcon Ovral Ovrette Ovulen Program Synphasic Tri-Levien Tri-Norinyl Triphasil| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Suppresses pituitary hormones to prevent ovulation.|Allow approximately 30 days for this drug to take effect.|Consult with your doctor for additional information.|This drug is a sex hormone (female) oral contraceptive used to prevent pregnancy and regulate the menstrual cycle.|Life threatening effects can include chest pain, leg pain, severe headache, breathing difficulties, coughing up blood, and stroke. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some women may experience frequent urination, headache, joint pain, abdominal pain, depression, bulging eyes, breast lumps, muscle pain, swelling in the legs, skin rash, fever, hives, jaundice, itching, hair growth, and enlarged clitoris. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less severe however, and not uncommon in some women, it is possible to experience vaginal discharge, fluid retention, acne, and brown discolorations on the skin. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. Ampicillin, Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Antihistamines, Barbiturates, Chloramphenicol, Meprobamate, Mineral Oil, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs, Rifampin, Tetracycline may decrease the effect of oral contraceptives. 2. Use of this drug may diminish the effect of Anticoagulants, Antidiabetics, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Guanethidine, oral Hypoglycemic, Insulin, Terazosin, and Ursodiol. 3. Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine can reduce the reliability of oral Contraceptives. 4. May lead to toxicity of antidepressants when used with Antidepressant (Tricyclic). 5. May increase the effect of Meperidine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver disease, breast cancer, unusual vaginal bleeding, ovarian cancer, smoke cigarettes, uterine cancer, heart disease, stroke, blood clots, or are allergic to any female hormones. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have epilepsy, migraine headaches, asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, cycle-cell anemia, endometriosis, fibroid tumors, are over 35 years of age, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 5. Extended use of this drug may lead to an increase in blood pressure, difficulty conceiving, and gallstones. Follow up medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Benzalkonium Chloride Nonoxynal 9 Octoxynol 9|Contraceptives, Vaginal (Spermicides)|081[ Because Conceptrol-Contraceptive Inserts Conceptrol Gel Delfen Emko Encare Gynol II Extra Strength Gynol II Original Formula Intercept Koromex Cream Koromex Crystal Gel Koromex Foam Koromex Jelly Ortho-Creme Ortho-Gynol Pharmatex Pre-Fil Ramses Contraceptive Foam Ramses Contraceptive Vaginal Jelly Ramses Crystal Clear Gel Semicid Shur-Seal Today VCF| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: some * Available in generic form? Yes: some Kills some types of fungus, yeast, bacteria, and viruses. Also inactivates viable sperm, preventing conception.|Allow approximately 15 minutes for the suppositories and sponges. Jellies, jells, and foam work immediately on application.|Consult with your doctor for additional information.|This drug is a Contraceptive (vaginal) used to prevent pregnancy and some sexually transmitted diseases. |Life threatening effects can include skin rash, weakness, confusion, chills, fever, muscle pains, and redness inside the mouth/nose/throat/eyes/and vagina. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately.|1. Vaginal douches may diminish the spermicidal effect of this drug. 2. Topical vaginal drugs may diminish the spermicidal effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Benzalkonium Chloride, Octoxynol, and Nonoxynol. 2. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. Before breast-feeding, consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 5. Extended use may result in irritation and allergic reactions.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely.|Cortisone||024b Cortone Cortone Acetate| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Replenishes Cortisone in people with adrenal deficiencies.|Allow approximately 4 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Cortisone, (adrenal corticosteroid) used to treat asthma, emphysema, blood disorders, inflammation, and corticosteroid deficiencies.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs consult Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some people may experience an irregular heartbeat and blood in their stool. If this occurs consult Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, well not as serious, some people may experience indigestion, nausea, vomiting, acne, and thirst. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. May result in a loss of potassium when used with Amphotericin B, Chlorthalidone, Ethacrynic Acid, and Furosemide. 2. May result in a dangerous loss of potassium when used with Digitalis preparations or Indapamide. May also result in Digitalis toxicity. 3. May result in the development of stomach ulcers when used with Diclofenace, Alcohol, and Ketoprofen. 4. May diminish the effect of oral Anticoagulants, oral Antidiabetics, Cholinergics, Insulin, Isoniazid, Potassium supplements, Salicylates. 5. The following drugs may diminish the effect of Cortisone: Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Antihistamines, Barbiturates (may cause over sedation), Chloral Hydrate, Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Ephedrine, Glultethimide, Mitotane, Phenobarbital, and Rifampin. 6. May result in the development of glaucoma when used with Sympathomimetics or Anticholinergics. 7. Aspirin, oral Contraceptives, Estrogen, and Indomethacin may increase the effect of this drug. 8. May increase the effect of Theophylline. 9. May lead to the development of infections when used with Cyclosporine or Attenuated Virus vaccines.|1. This drug should not be used if you have fungus infections, tuberculosis, herpes infection (eyes, lips, or genitals), or are allergic to any Cortisone drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, diabetes, had tuberculosis, glaucoma, peptic ulcer, under active thyroid, myasthenia gravis, or have blood clots in the lungs or legs. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience osteoporosis and cataracts. May also provoke existing conditions of diabetes, edema, and ulcers. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to glaucoma, diabetes, growth impediments in children, functional dependence and bone and skin problems. Periodic medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include fluid retention, headache, convulsions, and heart failure. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Cromolyn||025Y Fivent Gastrocrome Intal Nalcrom Nasalcrom Opticrom Rynacrom Sodium Cromoglycate| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Inhibits the release of histamines from affected cells.|Allow 2 to 4 weeks for this drug to take full effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Anti asthmatic, anti-inflammatory (non-steroidal) used to treat asthma attacks and various allergic symptoms.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs consult Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some people may experience wheezing, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, joint pain, hives, skin rash, weakness, sneezing, muscle pain, and painful or difficult urination. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Cortisone drugs. 2. Ipratroprium may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to dairy products, lactose, and Cromolyn. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney disease, or will become pregnant during the use of this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose may lead to experiencing the adverse effects of this drug. If you suspect an overdose or an allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Cyclosporine||076Z Sandimmune| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Inhibits Interluekin II to affect T-Lymphocytes in order to suppress the body's immune response system.|Allow approximately 4 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Immunosuppressant used to prevent transplant rejections.|Life threatening effects can include wheezing, seizures, convulsions, and shortness of breath. If this occurs consult Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some people may experience sore throat, irregular heartbeat, confusion, shortness of breath, fever, intense abdominal pain, nervousness, weakness, and a feeling of numbness in the hands and feet. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Androgens, Cimetidine, Danazol, Diltiazem, Potassium-Sparing Diuretics, Erythromycin, Estrogen, and Fluconazole may increase the effect of this drug. 2. Anticonvulsants may decrease the effect of this drug. 3. May increase the risk of infection when used with Immunosuppressants. 4. May result in kidney toxicity when used with Ketoconazole, Gold Compounds, Sulfonamides, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs, Tiopronin, and Vancomycin. 5. May result in damage to the heart and kidney when used with Lovastatin. 6. May result in hearing loss when used with Vancomycin. 7. May increase the risk of experiencing adverse reactions when used with Virus vaccines.|1. This drug should not be used if you have shingles or chicken pox. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, an active infection, and liver disorders. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Extended use can lead to kidney problems. Periodic medical exams should be considered. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include seizures, irregular heartbeat and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Dexamethasone||024b Ak-Dex Congespririn Dalalone Dalalone D.P. Dalalone L.A. Decadrol Decadron Decadron L.A. Decadron Phosphate Decadron Respihaler Decadron Turbinaire Decaject Decaject-L.A. Deronil Desasone L.A. Dexacen Dexacen L.A. Dexasone Dexone Dexone LA Hexadrol Hexadrol Phosphate Mymethasone Oradexon Solurex Solurex LA| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Decreases inflammatory responses in affected tissues.|Allow approximately 4 days for this drug to take full effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Cortisone (adrenal corticosteroid) used to treat blood disorders, asthma, emphysema, corticosteroid deficiencies, and inflamation.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs consult Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, on rare occasion, some people may experience an irregular heartbeat and black or bloody stool. If this occurs consult Emergency Medical Help immediately.|1. May lead to the development of glaucoma when used with Anticholinergics or Sympathomimetics. 2. May result in a dangerous loss of potassium when used with Digitalis preparations (may also cause Digitalis toxicity), or when used with Indapamide. 3. May result in a loss of potassium when used with Ethacrynic Acid, Furosemide, Amphotericin B, Chlorthalidone, and Thiazide Diuretics. 4. May diminish the effect of oral Antidiabetics, Cholinergics, Insulin, Isoniazid, Salicylates, Potassium supplements, and oral Anticoagulants. 5. May lead to the development of ulcers when used with Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs, and Alcohol. 6. Aminglutethimide, Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Antihistamines, Barbiturates (may also cause over sedation), Chloral Hydrate, Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Ephedrine, Mitotane, Phenobarbital, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 7. Aspirin, oral Contraceptives, Estrogen, Indomethacin, and Theophylline may increase the effect of this drug. 8. May result in an increased chance of viral infections when used with Attenuated Virus vaccines.|1. This drug should not be used if you have fungus infections, herpes infection (eyes, lips or genitals), tuberculosis, or are allergic to any Cortisone drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have diabetes, glaucoma, congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, peptic ulcer, under active thyroid, blood clots (legs or lungs), myasthenia gravis, or have had tuberculosis. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience osteoporosis and cataracts. May also provoke existing conditions of diabetes, edema, or ulcers. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should only use this drug under medical supervision. 6. Extended use may result in skin and bone problems, glaucoma, diabetes, cataracts, functional dependence, and impaired growth in children. Periodic medical exams are encouraged while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include fluid retention, headache, convulsions, and heart failure. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Digitalis Digitoxin Digoxin|Digitalis Preparation (Digitalis Glycosides)|060Z Crystodigin Lanoxicaps Lanoxin Novodigoxin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Retards nerve impulses to the heart.|Allow approximately 1 week for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Digitalis preparation used to treat irregular heartbeat and congestive heart failure. |On rare occasions some people may experience fainting, headache, lethargy, drowsiness (extreme), hallucinations, skin rash, heart arrhythmias, hives and psychosis. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Antacids, Calcium supplements, Carteolol (may also increase), Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Dextrothyroxine, Disopyramide, Laxatives, Metoclopramide, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenobarbital, Phenylbutazone, PTU/Metronidazol, Rafampin, Sotalol (may also increase), Sulfasaiazine, and Triamterene may decrease the effect or absorption of this drug. 2. Quinidine, Rauwolfia Alkaoids, Spironolactone, Tetracycline, Verapamil, Propafenone (may result in toxicity), Erythromycins, Nicardipine, Nizatidine, Amiodarone, Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers may increase the effect of absorption of this drug. 3. May result in a dangerous loss of potassium and toxicity when used with Diuretics. 4. May result in heartbeat irregularities when used with Beta-Agonists and Sympathomimetics. 5. May result in raising blood pressure when used with Fluoxetine (May also cause convulsions and other adverse effects). 6. May cause a disruption of normal heart rhythms when used with Ephedrine or Epinephrine. 7. May result in Digitalis toxicity when used with Hydroxychloroquin, Thyroid hormones, and Trazodone.|1. This drug should not be used if you have a slow heartbeat (less than 50 beats per minute) or are allergic to any Digitalis preparations. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, thyroid problems, liver disease, have taken Diuretics within the last 2 weeks, have taken other Digitalis preparations within the last 2 weeks, or will be having surgery (including dental) within then next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should only use this drug under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug should be punctuated by periodic medical exams.|Overdose symptoms can include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, hallucinations, confusion, vision problems, fatigue, and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Disopyramide||015Z Norpace Norpace CR Rythmodan Rythmodan-LA| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Regulates heartbeat by delaying nerve impulses to the heart.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiarrhythmic used to treat heart rhythm disorders.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some people may experience psychosis and shortness of breath. If this occurs cease using this drug and contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally it is not uncommon for some people to experience anxiety, fast heartbeat (tachycardia), nervousness, drowsiness, cold sweats, intense hunger, and pale/cool skin. If this occurs cease using this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in decreasing both blood pressure and blood sugar when used with Alcohol. 2. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics, Antihypertensives, Propafenone (may also cause toxicity), and oral Anticoagulants. 3. May increase the effect and toxicity of itself and other Antiarrhythmics. 4. May cause a dangerously slow, fast, or irregular heartbeat when used with Nimodipine or Nicardipine. 5. The effect of this drug may be diminished when used with Rifampin, Phenytoin, and Phenobarbital. 6. May result in toxicity of the heart muscle when used with Encainide. 7. May produce an irregular heartbeat when used with Flecainide. 8. May increase the risk of experiencing the adverse effects of both drugs when used with Tocainide.|1. This drug should not be used if you have heart failure, have second or third degree heart block, or are allergic to any Antiarrhythmic or Disopyramide. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, heart disease (past or present), low blood pressure, glaucoma, or have had an adverse reaction to any Antiarrhythmic drug, Myasthenia Gravis, enlarged prostate, or are currently taking Diuretics or Digitalis preparations. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience urination difficulties, lowered blood pressure, and constipation while under the influence of this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug should punctuated with periodic medical examinations. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include apnea, lowered blood pressure, irregular heartbeat and unconsciousness. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Disulfiram||090_ Antabuse| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Produces metabolic changes that react with Alcohol.|Allow approximately 12 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is used in the treatment of alcoholism.|On rare occasion some people may experience skin rash and jaundice while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience drowsiness while using this drug. If this occurs make your doctor aware of this symptom during your next visit.|1. May be fatal when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in excessive sedation when used with Anticonvulsants, Barbiturates, Sedatives, and Methyprylon (possibly to a dangerous level). 3. May result in producing dangerous effects when used with Ethinamate. 4. May produce unusual behavior and coordination problems when used with Isoniazid. 5. May produce a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 6. May compound the depressant effect on the central nervous system when used with Nabilone. 7. Avoid taking simultaneously with Paraldehyde. 8. The depressant effect of either drug may be increased when used with Guanfacine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have heart disease, have consumed any alcohol at all within the last 12 hours, have taken Paraldehyde within the last week, or are allergic to Disulfiram. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have epilepsy, kidney disease, diabetes, liver disease, have any allergies, are currently taking any other drugs, or will become pregnant during the use of this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug should be punctuated with periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, memory loss, confusion, diarrhea, weakness, behavior modifications, and temporary paralysis. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Bendroflumethiazide Benzthiazide Chlorothiazide Chlorthalidone Cyclothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide Hydroflumethiazide Indapamide Methyclothiazide Metolazone Polythiazide Quinethazone Thiazide Diuretics Trichlormethiazide|Diuretics, Thiazide|006Z Anhydron Apo-Chlorthalidone Apo-Hydro Aquatensen Diucardin Diuchlor H Diulo Diuril Duretic Enduron Esidrix Fluidil Hydrex HydroChlor HydroDiuril Hydromox Hygroton Metahydrin Minizide Mykrox Naqua Naturetin Neo-Codema Novo-Hydrazide Novo-Thalidone Oretic Renese Saluron Thalitone Uridon Urozide Zaroxolyn| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: some Reduces fluid retention in body tissues and decreases tension in the muscle cells of the smaller arteries.|Allow approximately 6 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, diuretic (thiazide) used to treat high blood pressure and reduce fluid retention.|On rare occasion some people may experience skin rash or hives. If this occurs consult Emergency Medical Help immediately. Less severe, however not uncommon, some people may experience muscle cramping while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol, Antidepressants (Tricycilic). 2. May result in the development of dangerous heart rhythms due to excessive potassium loss when used with Cortisone drugs or Digitalis preparations. 3. May increase the hypertensive effect of Antihypertensives. 4. May increase the antihypertensive effect of Barbiturates, Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, Carteolol, MAO Inhibitors, Pentoxifylline, and Sotalol. 5. May result in a significant blood pressure drop when used with Nitrates. 6. May result in decreased blood pressure when used with ACE Inhibitors. 7. May diminish the effect of Allopurinol, Potassium Supplements, Probenecid, and Terazosin. 8. May produce dizziness when used with Opiates. 9. May produce a blood pressure drop when used with Nicardipine. 10. May decrease the antihypertensive effect when used with Cholestyramine, Colestipol, and Indomethacin. 11. Indapamide may increase the diuretic effect of this drug. 12. May lead to heartbeat irregularity when used with Amiodarone.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Thiazide Diuretic drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver problems, gout, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosis, kidney problems, pancreas disorder, or are allergic to Tartrazine Dye or Sulfa drugs. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to depending on this medicine the rest of your life to treat high blood pressure. Follow up medical exams should be considered. 7. Use a sunscreen while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include drowsiness, cramps, weakness, weak pulse, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Encainide||015Z Enkaid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Stabilizes irregular heartbeat by heightening the refractory between the heart's muscle fibers.|Allow approximately 3 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiarrhythmic used to stabilize irregular heartbeat.|Life threatening effects can include an exceptionally fast or irregular heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some people may experience skin rash, breathing difficulties, blurred vision (may include double vision), and chest pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce an increase of heartbeat asperates when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in heart muscle toxicity when used with Antiarrhythmics, Carteolol, Nicardipine, and Sotalol. 3. May increase the effect of Antiarrhythmics, Cimetidine, and Nizatidine. 4. Propafenone or Guanfacine may increase the effect of both drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you have an atrioventricular block (without pacemaker), or have a right bundle branch block. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, sinus problems, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, recent heart attack, or variations in your blood potassium level. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Periodic medical examinations should be considered if this drug is to be used for extended periods.|Overdose symptoms can include seizures, weakness, exceptionally slow heartbeat, unconsciousness, and cardiac arrest. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ergoloid Mesylates||058] Hydergine Hydergine LC Niloric| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Innervates brain cell metabolism.|Allow approximately 4 months for this drug to take effect. |If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Ergot preparation used to treat poor memory, confusion, diminished alertness, and depression.|On rare occasion some people may experience fainting when taking this drug. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience stuffy nose, headache, and a ruddy or reddish coloring of the skin (blushing). If this occurs make your doctor aware of this during your next visit.|1. May result in a significant blood pressure drop when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in an abating circulation to the extremities (arms, hands, feet, and legs) when used with other Ergot preparations or Sympathomimetic drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you have an unusually slow heartbeat (less than 60 beats per minute), systolic blood pressure less than 100, or are allergic to any Ergot preparation. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have or had low blood pressure. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Periodic medical exams should be considered if this drug is to be used over extended periods.|Overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, weakness, vision problems (blurred), congestion (nasal), headache, flushed face, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ergotamine||058Z Ergomar Ergostat Gynergen Lingraine Medihaler-Ergotamine| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Shrinks blood vessels in the head in order to reduce the pain associated with migraines and other headaches.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember. Wait 4 hours until your next dose then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Vasoconstrictor, ergot preparation used as a pain reliever for headaches (including migraines).|On rare occasion some people may experience weakness (arms and legs), vision problems, anxiety, stomach pain, chest pain, heartbeat irregularities, tingling sensation in the face, hands and feet, confusion, itching, intense thirst, and bloating. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally it is not uncommon for some to experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and more frequent headaches while using this drug. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. May result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure when used with Amphetamines, Ephedrine, Epinephrine, and Pseudoephedrine. 2. May result in abating circulation to extremities (arms, hands, feet and legs) when used with other Ergot preparations and Sympathomimetic drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Ergot preparation. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, active infection, kidney disease, high blood pressure, angina, will become pregnant while using this drug, heart disorders, vein problems, allergic reactions to spray inhalants, or hardening of the arteries. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to muscle pain, gangrene (feet and hands), and cold skin. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse, numbness (arms, hands, feet, and legs), confusion, convulsions, muscle pain, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ergotamine, Belladonna and Phenobarbital||029] Bellergal Bellergal-S Bellergal Spacetabs| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses in order to prevent specific muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then wait 4 hours until your next dose. Continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Analgesic, antispasmodic, vasoconstrictor used to treat nervous tension and anxiety.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience bloating, fever, drowsiness, redness of the skin, an increase in the frequency of urination. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience difficulty swallowing, skin rash, tingling sensation in the feet and hands, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, sunlight sensitivity, dry mouth, and swollen feet. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in death when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in dangerous over sedation when used with Antidepressants (Tricyclic), Antihistamines, Mind-Altering drugs, Narcotics, Pain Relievers, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, and Tranquilizers. 3. May result in a dangerous increase in blood pressure when used with Ephedrine, Epinephrine, and Amphetamines. 4. May diminish the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Antidepressants (Tricyclic), Aspirin, oral Contraceptives, Cortisone drugs (may increase internal eye pressure), Digitoxin, Doxycycline, Griseofulvin, and Metoclopramide. 5. Amantadine, MAO Inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines, Quinidine, and other Anticholinergics may increase the Belladonna effect of this drug. 6. Valproic Acid, MAO Inhibitors, and oral Antidiabetics may increase the Phenobarbital effect of this drug. 7. May change seizure patterns when used with Anticonvulsants. 8. May result in producing an increase of internal eye pressure when used with Haloperidol and Nitrates. 9. Guanethidine and Reserpine may diminish the Belladonna effect of this drug. 10. May increase the effect of Indapamide. 11. May result in producing intestinal ulcers when used with Potassium supplements. 12. May increase the risk of experiencing the adverse effects of Ergotamine when used with Troleandomycin.|1. This drug should not be used if you have ulcerative colitis, porphyria, narrow-angle glaucoma, enlarged prostate, stomach bloating, problems completely emptying your bladder, or are allergic to any Barbiturate, Tartrazine Dye, Anticholinergic, or Ergot preparation. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have myasthenia gravis, open-angle glaucoma, epilepsy, liver disorders, kidney problems, chronic pain, high blood pressure, angina, thyroid disorders, tachycardia (fast heartbeat), asthma, enlarged prostate, peptic ulcer, any heart problems, chronic bronchitis, hiatal hernia, hardening of the arteries, may become pregnant during the use of this drug, have problems with veins, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to anemia, lower body temperature, constipation (chronic), muscle pain, addiction, gangrene (hands and feet), fecal impaction, and chronic intoxication.|Overdose symptoms can include dilated pupils, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, numbness (arms, hands, feet, and legs), muscle pain, slurred speech, redness of the face, convulsions, hallucinations, dizziness, agitation, rapid pulse, fever, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Erythromycin and Sulfisoxazole||009^ Pediazole| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Inhibits growth and reproduction of specific bacteria.|Allow approximately 5 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antibiotic (erythromycin), Sulfa (sulfonamide) used to treat specific bacterial infections.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience skin rash, dizziness, itching, headache, vomiting and appetite loss while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience difficulty swallowing, nausea, diarrhea, painful urination, muscle pain, swelling (neck), tiredness, abdominal cramps, and jaundice. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the Sulfa effect when used with Aspirin, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone, Probenecid, Sulfinpyrazone, and Trinethoprim. 2. May result in damage to the liver when used with Alcohol. 3. May result in anemia when used with Isoniazid. 4. May lead to kidney blockage when used with Methenamine. 5. May diminish the bone marrow from producing blood cells when used with Flecainide or Tocainide. 6. May diminish the effect of Penicillins and Lincomycins. 7. May result in brain toxicity when used with Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin). 8. May increase the effect of Aminophylline and oral Anticoagulants. 9. Aminobenzoate Potassium may decrease the effect of Sulfisoxazole in this drug. 10. May result in toxicity when used with Methotrexate. 11. Para-Aminosalicylic Acid may diminish the Sulfa effect.|1. This drug should not be used if you have or had liver disease, liver function disorders, or are allergic to any Erythromycin or any Sulfa drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have porphyria, kidney disease, liver disease, drug induced anemia, are prone to allergies, have ever taken Erythromycin Estolate, or are allergic to Thiazide Diuretics, Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors or oral Anti diabetics. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience skin problems in the area of anus and genitals while using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug should not be given to infants less than 1 month of age. Consult with your doctor before giving to older infants and children. 6. Extended use may lead to thyroid gland enlargement, and an increased susceptibility to infections. Follow up medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, blood in the urine, abdominal pain, diarrhea and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Esterified Estrogens||035b Estratab Menest Neo-Estrone| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Restores Estrogen to normal levels in body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Female Sex Hormone (Estrogen) used to treat prostate cancer, breast cancer, hormone deficiencies (female), menstrual-cycle irregularities, and menopause symptoms.|Life threatening effects can include excessive bleeding. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience stomach cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some may experience jaundice, muscle pain, joint pain, stomach discomfort, skin rash, blisters on the skin, and breast lumps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Insulin, Tamoxifen, Terazosin, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Primidone, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. Meprobamate may increase the effect of this drug. 4. When used with Antifibrinolytic agents may increase the possibility of blood clotting. 5. May either raise or lower blood-sugar when used with oral Anti diabetics. The effect is essentially unpredictable. 6. May increase the toxicity of Tricyclic Antidepressants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver function problems, unusual vaginal bleeding, have ever had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clots, or are allergic to any drugs containing Estrogen. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, gallstones, asthma, congestive heart failure, or have ever had fibroid tumors, endometriosis, breast cancer, fibrocystic breast diseases, cancer of the reproductive system, epilepsy, migraine headaches, porphyria or will become pregnant within the next 3 months. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used while pregnant or taken within 3 months of pregnancy. 5. This drug should not be used while breast-feeding. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of fibroid tumors.|Overdose symptoms can include breast enlargement and discomfort, vomiting, nausea, fluid retention, and unusual vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Estradiol||035b Deladiol-40 Delestrogen depGynogen Depo Estradiol Depogen Dioval Dura-Estrin Duragen E-Cypionate Estrace Estra-D Estraderm Estradiol L.A. Estra-L Estraval Estro-Cyp Estrofem Estroject-L.A. Etronol-L.A. Femogex Gynogen Hormogen L.A.E. 20 Valergen| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Restores Estrogen to normal levels in body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Female Sex Hormone (Estrogen) used to treat prostate cancer, breast cancer, hormone deficiencies (female), menstrual-cycle irregularities, and menopause symptoms.|Life threatening effects can include excessive bleeding. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience stomach cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some may experience jaundice, muscle pain, joint pain, stomach discomfort, skin rash, blisters on the skin, and breast lumps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Insulin, Tamoxifen, Terazosin, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Primidone, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. Meprobamate may increase the effect of this drug. 4. When used with Antifibrinolytic agents may increase the possibility of blood clotting. 5. May either raise or lower blood-sugar when used with oral Antidiabetics. The effect is essentially unpredictable. 6. May increase the toxicity of Tricyclic Antidepressants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver function problems, unusual vaginal bleeding, have ever had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clots, or are allergic to any drugs containing Estrogen. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, gallstones, asthma, congestive heart failure, or have ever had fibroid tumors, endometriosis, breast cancer, fibrocystic breast diseases, cancer of the reproductive system, epilepsy, migraine headaches, or porphyria. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used while pregnant or taken within 3 months of pregnancy. 5. This drug should not be used while breast-feeding. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants and children.|Overdose symptoms can include breast enlargement and discomfort, vomiting, nausea, fluid retention, and unusual vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Estrogen||035b Estrogen| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Restores Estrogen to normal levels in body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Female Sex Hormone (Estrogen) used to treat Des-induced cancer, Atrophic Vaginitis, Osteoporosis, Estrogen deficiencies, menstrual cycle irregularities, menopause symptoms, and "Morning-after" contraception.|Life threatening effects can include excessive bleeding. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience stomach cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some may experience jaundice, muscle pain, joint pain, stomach discomfort, skin rash, blisters on the skin, and breast lumps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Insulin, Tamoxifen, Terazosin, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Primidone, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. Meprobamate may increase the effect of this drug. 4. When used with Antifibrinolytic agents may increase the possibility of blood clotting. 5. May either raise or lower blood-sugar when used with oral Antidiabetics. The effect is essentially unpredictable. 6. May increase the toxicity of Tricyclic Antidepressants.|This drug should not be used if you have liver function problems, unusual vaginal bleeding, have ever had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clots, or are allergic to any drugs containing Estrogen. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, gallstones, asthma, congestive heart failure, or have ever had fibroid tumors, endometriosis, breast cancer, fibrocystic breast diseases, cancer of the reproductive system, epilepsy, migraine headaches, or porphyria. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used while pregnant or taken within 3 months of pregnancy. 5. This drug should not be used while breast-feeding. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of fibroid tumors. Follow up medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include breast enlargement and discomfort, vomiting, nausea, fluid retention, and unusual vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Estrone||035b Estroject-2 Estrone-A Estrone 5 Estronol Femogen Forte Foygen Aqueous Gynogen Kestrin Aqueous Kestrone-5 Theelin Aqueous Unigen Wehgen| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Restores Estrogen to normal levels in body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you miss an injection consult with your doctor.|Female Sex Hormone (Estrogen) used to treat prostate cancer, hormone deficiencies (female), menstrual cycle irregularities, and menopause symptoms.|Life threatening effects can include excessive bleeding. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience stomach cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some may experience jaundice, muscle pain, joint pain, stomach discomfort, skin rash, blisters on the skin, and breast lumps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Insulin, Tamoxifen, Terazosin, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Primidone, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. Meprobamate may increase the effect of this drug. 4. When used with Antifibrinolytic agents may increase the possibility of blood clotting. 5. May either raise or lower blood-sugar when used with oral Antidiabetics. The effect is essentially unpredictable. 6. May increase the toxicity of Tricyclic Antidepressants.|This drug should not be used if you have liver function problems, unusual vaginal bleeding, have ever had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clots, or are allergic to any drugs containing Estrogen. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, gallstones, asthma, congestive heart failure, or have ever had fibroid tumors, endometriosis, breast cancer, fibrocystic breast diseases, cancer of the reproductive system, epilepsy, migraine headaches, or porphyria. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used while pregnant or taken within 3 months of pregnancy. 5. This drug should not be used while breast-feeding. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of fibroid tumors.|Overdose symptoms can include breast enlargement and discomfort, vomiting, nausea, fluid retention, and unusual vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Estropipate||035b Ogen Piperazine Estrone Sulfate| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Restores Estrogen to normal levels in body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Female Sex Hormone (Estrogen) used to treat hormone deficiencies (female), menstrual cycle irregularities, and menopause symptoms.|Life threatening effects can include excessive bleeding. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience stomach cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some may experience jaundice, muscle pain, joint pain, stomach discomfort, skin rash, blisters on the skin, and breast lumps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Insulin, Tamoxifen, Terazosin, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Primidone, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. Meprobamate may increase the effect of this drug. 4. When used with Antifibrinolytic agents may increase the possibility of blood clotting. 5. May either raise or lower blood-sugar when used with oral Antidiabetics. The effect is essentially unpredictable. 6. May increase the toxicity of Tricyclic Antidepressants.|This drug should not be used if you have liver function problems, unusual vaginal bleeding, have ever had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clots, or are allergic to any drugs containing Estrogen. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, gallstones, asthma, congestive heart failure, or have ever had fibroid tumors, endometriosis, breast cancer, fibrocystic breast diseases, cancer of the reproductive system, epilepsy, migraine headaches, or porphyria. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used while pregnant or taken within 3 months of pregnancy. 5. This drug should not be used while breast-feeding. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of fibroid tumors.|Overdose symptoms can include breast enlargement and discomfort, vomiting, nausea, fluid retention, and unusual vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ethacrynic Acid||006Z Edecrin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Eliminates excess body fluids in order to lower blood pressure.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose. For one a day doses If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Diuretic (loop), antihypertensive used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention.|On rare occasions some may experience skin rash, fever, mood changes, muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, irregular heartbeat, appetite loss, weakness, hearing loss, hives, ringing ears, jaundice, tingling sensation (hands or feet), unusual bleeding, watery diarrhea, dry mouth, stomach pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon to experience dizziness when using this drug.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effect of Allopurinol, oral Antidiabetics, Calcium supplements, Insulin, Potassium supplements, Probenecid, and Terazosin. 2. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Narcotics and Nimodipine. 3. May result in a significant drop in blood pressure when used with Antidepressants (Tricyclic) and Nitrates. 4. May result in a blood pressure drop when used with Nicardipine, Alcohol (avoid combining), and Barbiturates. 5. May result in heartbeat irregularities when used with Amiodarone. 6. May result in lithium toxicity when used with Lithium. 7. May increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug when used with Antihypertensives, Lisinopril, Sotalol, and Carteolol. 8. May result in a dangerous retention of salicylate when used with Aspirin and Salicylates. 9. Sedatives may increase the effect of this drug. 10. May increase the effect of Diuretics. 11. May result in dangerous heart rhythm problems when used with Digitalis preparations. 12. May result in a significant loss of potassium when used with Cortisone drugs. 13. Phenytoin and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs may diminish the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic Ethacrynic Acid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have hearing problems, kidney disease, diabetes, gout, liver disease, allergic to any Sulfa drug, are taking other medications (prescription or over-the-counter), or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may lead to diabetes.|Overdose symptoms can include muscle cramps (leg), confusion, nausea, vomiting, weak/rapid pulse, stupor, weakness, dizziness, lethargy, deep sleep, and cardiac arrest. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ethinyl Estradiol||035b Brevicon Demulen Estinyl Feminone Loestrin Lo-Ovral Modicon Norinyl Norlestrin Ovcon Ovral Tri-Norinyl| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Restores Estrogen to normal levels in body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Female Sex Hormone (Estrogen) used to treat prostate cancer, breast cancer, hormone deficiencies (female), menstrual cycle irregularities, menopause symptoms and prevents pregnancy.|Life threatening effects can include excessive bleeding. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience stomach cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some may experience jaundice, muscle pain, joint pain, stomach discomfort, skin rash, blisters on the skin, and breast lumps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Insulin, Tamoxifen, Terazosin, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Primidone, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. Meprobamate may increase the effect of this drug. 4. When used with Antifibrinolytic agents may increase the possibility of blood clotting. 5. May either raise or lower blood-sugar when used with oral Antidiabetics. The effect is essentially unpredictable. 6. May increase the toxicity of Tricyclic Antidepressants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver function problems, unusual vaginal bleeding, have ever had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clots, or are allergic to any drugs containing Estrogen. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, kidney disease, diabetes, gallstones, asthma, congestive heart failure, or have ever had fibroid tumors, endometriosis, breast cancer, fibrocystic breast diseases, cancer of the reproductive system, epilepsy, migraine headaches, or porphyria. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used while pregnant or taken within 3 months of pregnancy. 5. This drug should not be used while breast-feeding. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of fibroid tumors. Follow up medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include breast enlargement and discomfort, vomiting, nausea, fluid retention, and unusual vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Etidronate||041e Didronel EHDP| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Aids in the formation of bone tissue.|May take several months for this drug to take effect. Consult with your doctor for specifics.|If you remember within 6 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 6 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypercalcemic used to treat Paget's disease, Osteoporosis (Post menopausal), Spinal cord injury, and hip replacements.|On rare occasion some may experience skin rash, hives, swollen feet, hands, lips, and throat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience nausea, diarrhea, and bone pain. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. Mineral supplements and Antacids may diminish the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Etidronate. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have colitis, kidney disease, heart failure, or any broken bones. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug. However, if greater than prescribed amounts are taken contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Famotidine||066_ Pepcid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Inhibits histamine action at H-2 receptor sites.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiulcer, stomach acid inhibitor used to treat excess stomach acid, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, duodenal ulcers, stomach ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction and include chest tightness and rapid swelling of the eyelids. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion it is not uncommon for some to experience itching, rapid heartbeat, upper abdominal pain, skin rash and unusual bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Tamoxifen and reduce the absorption of Ketoconazole. 2. Alcohol may decrease the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have kidney disease. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug is not recommended. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug over prolonged periods. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include rapid heartbeat, seizures, pounding heart, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ferrous Fumarate||039Z Femiron Feostat Fumasorb Fumerin Hemocyte Ircon Neo-Fer Novofumar Palafer Palmiron Poly-Vl-Flor Span-FF| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: with Folic Acid, No: without Folic Acid. * Available in generic form? Yes Stimulates the bone marrow production of hemoglobin.|Allow from 1 to 3 weeks for maximum benefit.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a mineral supplement (Iron) used to treat iron deficiency anemia and as a dietary supplement.|Life threatening effects can include a rapid heartbeat and weakness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some may experience nausea, vomiting, chest pain, muscle cramps, throat pain, heartburn, bloody stool, and diarrhea or constipation. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in excess iron in the liver when used with Allopurinol and other Iron supplements. 2. Use of this drug may decrease the effect of Acetohydroxamic Acid, Penicillamine and Tetracyclines. 3. Acetohydroxamine Acid may increase the effect of this drug. 4. Cholestyramine and Chloramphenicol may decrease the iron effect of this drug. 5. May result in organ damage when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have hepatitis (acute), hemolytic anemia, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, take iron injections, already have a high daily iron intake, or are allergic to any Iron supplement or Tartrazine Dye. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have had hepatitis, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, colitis, stomach surgery, enteritis, or will become pregnant during the use of this medication. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience heart problems, liver damage, diabetes, bronze skin, and impotence. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. Caution: Overdose in children and infants are very likely and dangerous. Keep out of reach and/or in a child proof container. 6. Extended use may cause hemochromatosis. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug for prolonged periods.|Overdose symptoms can include pallor, rapid heartbeat, convulsions, breathing problems (shallow), weakness, a blue discoloration of the hands, lips and fingernails, weak heartbeat, collapse, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Fluoxetine||082] Prozac| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Interferes with the uptake of Serotonin in the central nervous system.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antidepressant used to treat depression.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction anaphylaxis and include difficulty breathing, skin rash, chest pain, and itching. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some may experience convulsions when using this drug. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, also rare, some may experience swelling of the lymph glands, muscle pain, rapid heartbeat, blurred vision, abdominal pain, chills, excitability and chest pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in high blood pressure and adverse effects that can include convulsions, confusion, and agitation when used with Anticoagulants, Digitalis preparations and MAO inhibitors. 2. May result in experiencing adverse effects when used with Tryptophan. 3. May increase the depressant effect when used with Central Nervous System depressants. 4. May result in toxicity when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have either kidney disease or liver disease. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have or have had seizure disorders. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include agitation, seizures, and fierce vomiting. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Gemfibrozil||046Z Lopid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Aids in the elimination of triglycerides from the blood.|Allow approximately 3 months for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihyperlipidemic used to decrease triglycerides in the blood.|On rare occasion some may experience nausea, vomiting, chest pain, bloody urine, skin rash, itching, irregular heartbeat, mouth sores, painful urination, chills, fever, and swelling of the feet and legs. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. It is not uncommon to experience indigestion when using this drug.|1. May increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants, oral Antidiabetics, and Insulin. 2. Thyroid hormones may increase the effect of this drug. 3. Estrogen and oral Contraceptives may diminish the effect of this drug. 4. May result in Furosemide and Gemfibrozil toxicity when used together.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Antihyperlipidemic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have diabetes, or currently have or had liver disease, peptic ulcer, or kidney disease. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered when using this drug for extended periods.|Overdose symptoms can include headache, muscle pain, and diarrhea. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Auranofin Aurothioglucose Sodium Aurothiomalate|Gold Compounds|056e Gold Sodium Thiomalate Myochrysine-injection Myocrisin Ridaura-oral| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Inhibits certain disease functions (particularly associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis).|Allow approximately 6 months for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 6 hours of having missed your dose, retake, then continue based on the original schedule.|This is a Gold Compound used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, however rare, some may experience breathing difficulties, coughing, bloody stool, and seizures. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. In others, it is not uncommon to experience loss of appetite, vomiting, fever, skin rashes, diarrhea, hives, itching, and white spots or sores in the throat or mouth. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in kidney damage when used with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs and Penicillamine. 2. May result in kidney toxicity when used with Cyclosporine, Tiopronin. 3. May result in elevated levels of phenytoin in the blood when used with Phenytoin.|1. This drug should not be used if you have kidney disease, are allergic to gold (or other metals), or have any type of blood disorder. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have Schogren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, chronic skin disease, or will become pregnant during the use of this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered when using this drug over extended periods. |Overdose symptoms can include a tingling or numbing sensation in the feet and hands, confusion, and delirium. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Guanabenz||004Z Wytensin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Relaxes tension of muscle cells in small arteries in order to lower blood pressure.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used to treat high blood pressure.|On rare occasion this drug can produce an irregular heartbeat and unsteadiness of the hands. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience insomnia, nervousness, weakness, accelerated heartbeat, drowsiness, dry mouth, or paleness. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. May result in over sedation when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in dangerous over sedation when used with Methyprylon. 3. May result in experiencing adverse effects when used with Leucovorin. 4. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nimodipine. 5. May result in raising the effects of Ethinamate to a dangerous level. 6. May result in excessive blood potassium when used with ACE inhibitors. 7. Other Antihypertensives and Diuretics may decrease blood pressure (cumulatively) with the use of this drug. 8. May result in central nervous system toxicity when used with Clozapine. 9. May increase the level of brain depression when used with Central Nervous System depressants. |1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Sympathomimetic drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, blood disease, heart disease, or will be having surgery (including dental) requiring either spinal or general anesthesia within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Extended use of this drug should be accompanied with periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include weakness, dizziness, fainting, slowed heartbeat, pinpoint pupils, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Guanadrel||004Z Hylorel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Relaxes muscle cell tension in small arteries in order to produce lowered blood pressure. |Allow approximately 6 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used to treat high blood pressure.|On rare occasion some may experience sore throat, fever, chest pain, skin rash, shortness of breath, muscle tremor, blurred vision, chest pain and drooping eyelids. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience decreased sex drive, diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness and swelling of the feet. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. May result in elevated levels of blood potassium when used with ACE inhibitors. 2. May result in dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nimodipine. 3. Central Nervous System depressants, Haloperidol, Phenothiazines, Sympathomimetics, and Alcohol can diminish the effect of this drug. 4. Antihypertensives can increase the effect of this drug. 5. Carteolol and Sotalol may increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 6. The use of this drug with Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, Diuretics, and Rauwolfia Alkaloids may result in adverse effects that can include fainting and dizziness. 7. May decrease the effect of Terazosin. 8. May increase the effect of Insulin. 9. May result in producing the adverse effects associated with oral Contraceptives when used together. 10. May result in very high blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors.|1. This drug should used if you have taken MAO inhibitors within the last 2 weeks or are allergic to Guanadrel. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, asthma, peptic ulcer, stroke, chronic acid indigestion, kidney disease (past or present), or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations. |Overdose symptoms can include fainting, slow pulse, excessive drop in blood pressure, weak pulse, cold and sweaty skin, and unconsciousness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Guanethidine||004Z Apo-Guanethidine Ismelin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Works by controlling nerve impulses along certain pathways, which results in the relaxation of blood vessels. This effect allows the blood to pass through more easily thus lowering blood pressure.|May require several weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used to treat high blood pressure.|Some common adverse effects include diarrhea, dizziness, weakness, lightheadedness, slowing of heartbeat, stuffy nose, and sexual probelms in males. Some uncommon effects are blurred vision, drooping eyelids, drymouth, skin rash, and hair loss. If any of these effects continue, contact your physician. Check with your physician as soon as possible if you notice swelling of the feet or lower legs, chest pain, or shortness of breath.|1. The effect of this drug may be diminished by Amphetamines, Antidepressants (Tricyclic), oral Contraceptives, Haloperidol, Loxapine, Phenothiazines, and some nonprescription cold medications containing ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and pseudoephedrine.. 2. May result in slowing the heartbeat when used with Digitalis preparations and Rauwolfia Alkaloids. 3. Other antihypertensives may increase the antihypertensive effect of Guanethidine. 5. May increase the effect of any antidiabetic drug.|1. Because dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur, especially when getting up from a lying or sitting position, it may be helpful to rise slowly. These effects may worsen when you drink Alcohol, during exercise, and during hot weather. 2. This drug should not be used if you have taken any MAO inhibitors within the last 2 weeks or are allergic to Guanethidine. 3. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a history of asthma, heart disease (past or present), stroke (past or present), kidney disease (past or present), peptic ulcer, chronic acid indigestion, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. A fever may increase the effect of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include fainting, sweaty skin, excessive blood pressure drop, weak/slow pulse, and unconsciousness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Guanethidine and Hydrochlorothiazide||004Z Esimil Ismelin-Esidrix| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Guanethidine works by controlling nerve impulses along certain nerve pathways, which results in the relaxation of blood vessels. This effect allows the blood to pass more easily thus lowering blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that reduces the amount of water and sodium in the body by increasing the flow of urine.|Allow several weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, diuretic used to treat high blood pressure and reduce fluid retention.|Life threatening effects can include an irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and shortness of breath. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. It is not uncommon for some people to experience fatigue, weakness, swelling of the feet, and slowing of the heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, however rare, some may experience sore throat, fever, skin rash, jaundice, blurred vision, muscle tremors and drooping eyelids. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of Allopurinol, Potassium supplements, and Probenecid. 2. May increase the effect of antidiabetics and Lithium. 3. May diminish the effect of Guanethidine when used with some cold medications, oral Contraceptives, and Phenothiazines. 4. May increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug when used with other antihypertensives. 5. Cholestyramine and cholestipol may diminish the hydrochlorothiazide effect of this drug. MAO inhibitors may decrease the effect of this drug. 6. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Antidepressants (Tricyclics) and Nimodipine. 7. May result in a significant potassium loss and dangerous heart rhythms when used with Cortisone drugs and Digitalis preparations. 8. Exercise caution when used with Alcohol. May lower blood pressure. 9. May result in a significant drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates.|1. This drug should not be used if you have taken any MAO inhibitors within the last 2 weeks or are allergic to Guanethidine, any Thiazide Diuretic or sulfa-containing drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, peptic ulcer, liver disorder, gout, pancreas disorder, kidney disorder, chronic acid indigestion, heart disease or stroke (past or present) or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Alcohol, hot weather, or exercise may increase the occurrence of dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting. 7. May increase sensitivity to sunlight, therefore it is recommended to wear protective clothing, apply sunblock of at least SPF 15, and stay out of direct sunlight between 10am and 3pm.|Overdose symptoms can include sweaty skin, fainting, extreme loss of blood pressure, weakness, cramps, weak pulse, drowsiness, unconsciousness, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Guanfacine||004Z Tenex| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? yes * Available in generic form? No Effects the sympathetic nervous system in order to affect a drop in blood pressure.|Allow approximately 1 week for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. If you miss your dose for more than 2 days, check with your physician. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used to treat high blood pressure.|Life threatening effects can include shortness of breath. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. On rare occasion some may experience irregular heartbeat, sleep disorders, chest pain, nervousness, and anxiety. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth decreased sexual ability, dry and itchy eyes, and unusual tiredness or weakness. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol or Nimodipine. 2. May produce dangerous effects when used with Ethinamate. 3. Sympathominetics, Estrogen, and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs may diminish the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 4. May result in producing a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 5. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Terazosin. 6. Antihypertensives may increase the effect of this drug. 7. May result in a dangerous over sedation when used with Methyprylon. 8. May result in a blood pressure drop when used with Nicardipine. 9. Carteolol, Lisinopril, and Sotalol may increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have recently had a heart attack or stroke. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, liver disease, any heart deficiencies, or mental depression. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered when using this drug over extended periods.|Overdose symptoms can include breathing difficulties, dizziness, extremely slow heartbeat, and unconsciousness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Hydrocortisone (Cortisol)||024b A-hydroCort Cortef Cortenema Cortifoam Hydrocortone Hydrocortone Acetate Hydrocortone Phosphate Solu-Cortef| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Augments the Cortisone level in people with Adrenal deficiencies.|Allow approximately 4 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, take your dose. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose. If the dose prescribed is for once a day, wait until your next scheduled dose and then continue based on your original schedule.|This drug is a Cortisone drug (Adrenal Corticosteroid) used to treat asthma, blood disorders, kidney disease, emphysema, corticosteroid deficiencies and inflammation.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, however rare, some may experience an irregular heartbeat and/or bloody, black or tarry stools. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Rarely, while not life threatening, some may experience hallucinations, skin rash, tingling sensation in the hands or feet, and convulsions. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Antihistamines, Barbiturates (may also cause over sedation), Chloral Hydrate, Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Ephedrine, Glutethimide, Mitotane, Phenobarbital, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 2. Aspirin, oral Contraceptives, Estrogen, Theophylline, and Indomethacin may increase the effect of this drug. 3. May result in the development of stomach ulcers when used with Alcohol. 4. May result in a loss of potassium when used with Amphotericin B, Chlorthalidone, Thiazide Diuretics, Ethacrynic Acid, and Furosemide. 5. May result in a dangerous loss of potassium when used with Digitalis preparations and Indapamide. 6. May diminish the effect of oral Anticoagulants, oral Antidiabetics, Cholinergics, Insulin, Isoniazide, Potassium supplements and Salicylates. 7. May result in the development of ulcers when used with Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone, and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs. 8. May result in the development of glaucoma when used with Anticholinergics and Sympathominetic drugs. 9. May increase the risk of infection when used with Attentuated Virus vaccines and Cyclosporine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have fungus infections, herpes infections, tuberculosis, or are allergic to any Cortisone drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, diabetes, under active thyroid, peptic ulcer, blood clots (legs or lungs), myasthenia gravis, glaucoma or have had turberculosis. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience the development of osteoporosis or cataracts. May also experience an intensifying of existing ulcers, diabetes, and edema. Consult with doctor before using. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to functional dependence, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetes, impaired growth in children, and bone and skin problems. Follow up medical examinations are encouraged.|Overdose symptoms may include convulsions, headache, fluid retention and heart failure. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Indapamide||006Z Lozide Lozol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Affects the kidney to reduce fluid retention.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|On once a day medication, retake if not more than 3 hours late. If more than 3 hours late, wait until your next scheduled dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, diuretic used to treat high blood pressure and reduce fluid retention.|On rare occasion this drug may produce a weak pulse. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience extreme weakness or tiredness and muscle cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Other adverse effects, however rare, can include skin rash, hives, itching and an irregular heartbeat. |1. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Tricyclic Antidepressants, Nimodipine, Nicardipine, and Alcohol. 2. May decrease the effect of Allopurinol, Probenecid, and Terazosin. 3. Barbiturates, Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 4. May result in dangerous heart rhythm problems when used with Cortisone drugs and Digitalis preparations. 5. May result in excessive blood potassium when used with ACE inhibitors and Amphotericin B. 6. Cholestyramine, Colestipol, and Indomethacin may diminish the effect of this drug. 7. May result in heartbeat irregularities when used with Amiodarone. 8. May result in increasing blood sugar when used with oral Antidiabetics. 9. Antihypertensives, Carteolol, and Sotalol may increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 10. May result in lithium toxicity when used with Lithium. 11. May increase the effect of Thiazide Diuretics.|1. This drug should not be used if you have kidney disease or are allergic to any Sulfa drug, Thiazide Diuretic, or Indapamide. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have lupus erythematosus, gout, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, plan on becoming pregnant, or will be having surgery (including dental) with in the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Periodic lab tests should be considered if using this drug over extended periods. |Overdose symptoms can include extreme tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weak pulse, rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, and thirst. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ipecac||087_ Ipecac Syrup Quelidrine Cough| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Stimulates the vomiting reflex in the brain.|Allow approximately 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|N/A|This is an Emetic used to induce vomiting in order to rid the body of some ingested poisons and medication overdoses.|Life threatening effects can include an irregular heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. |1. Do not administer mile or cabonated beverages with this drug. 2. Activated Charcoal may improve the effect of this drug. 3. Other drugs used to cause vomiting may diminish the effect of this drug. 4. This drug should not be used to induce vomiting in Alcohol inebriated individuals. May be dangerous.|1. This drug should not be used if you are inebriated from any source. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 5. Before giving this drug to infants and children, consult with your doctor or poison control center.|Overdose symptoms can include muscle rigidity, difficulty breathing and watery diarrhea. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ipratropium||063Y Atrovent| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Dilates bronchial tubes.|Works immediately|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Bronchodilator used to treat bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.|Life threatening effects can include a pounding heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical help immediately. On rare occasion some may experience hives, skin rash, and sores on the lips or in the mouth. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Cromolyn may diminish the effect of this drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you have a sensitivity to Atropine or Belladonna. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have glaucoma, dental problems, or prostate problems. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely. However, if large quantities are taken contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Liothyronine||052b Cytomel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Stimulates cell metabolism.|Allow approximately 2 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Thyroid hormone used to treat thyroid hormone deficiencies.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience insomnia, headache, irritability, or tremor. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience an irregular heartbeat, skin rash, vomiting, shortness of breath, hives, and chest pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in a irregular heartbeat when used with Tricyclic Antidepressants and Sympathomimetics. 2. May increase the effect of Amphetamines, oral Anticoagulants, Ephedrine, Epinephrine, and Methylphenidate. 3. May produce elevated blood pressure and rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) when used with Diclofenac. 4. May diminish the effect of Barbiturates. 5. Cholestyramine and oral Contraceptives may diminish the effect of this drug. 6. Aspirin and Phenytoin may increase the effect of this drug. 7. May decrease the effect of Digitalis preparations. 8. May cause an increase in the required dosage of insulin or antidiabetics.|1. This drug should not be used if you have had a heart attack within the last 6 weeks. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have Addison's disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, adrenal gland deficiency, or are using Isoproterenol, Epinephrine, or Ephedrine for the treatment of asthma. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Periodic medical exams should be considered when using this drug for extended periods.|Overdose can include rapid heartbeat, irregular pulse, weight loss, muscle cramps, headache, irritability, insomnia, nervousness, heart palpitations, and hand tremors. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Lovastatin||046_ Mevacor Mevinolin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Lowers blood cholesterol by affecting specific enzymes in the liver.|Allow approximately 2 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihyperlipidemic used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood, specifically low density cholesterol (LDL).|On rare occasion some may experience vision problems, muscle pain, and fever. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Immune System suppressants may result in producing kidney and heart damage when used with this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to Lovastatin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have an active infection, low blood pressure, liver disease, hormonal disorders, seizures, have been involved in a debilitating accident, or are taking Immunosuppressant drugs. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug for extended periods of time.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely. However, if large quantities are taken contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Mecamylamine||004Z Inversine| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Blocks nerve impulses to cells affecting blood vessels.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used in the treatment of high blood pressure. |On rare occasion some may experience breathing difficulties, confusion, tremors, and depression. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally some may experience blurred vision, dizziness, decreased sex drive, enlarged pupils, constipation, and dry mouth. If this occurs make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. May cause fainting when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nimodipine. 3. May produce swallowing difficulties when used with Ambenonium, Neostigmine, and Pyridostigmine. 4. May reduce the antibiotic effect of Sulfa drugs and Antibiotics. 5. Antacids, Urine Alkalizers, and Sodium Bicarbonate may extend the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Mecamylamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, heart disease, gout, glaucoma, or have had a heart attack in the recent past. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include seizures, confusion, excitement, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Meprobamate||048] Acabamate Apo-Meprobamate Equagesic Equanil Equanil Wyseals Medi-Tran Meprospan Miltown Neuramate Novomepro Novo-Mepro Pax 400 Probate Sedabamate Trancot Tranmep| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Produces a sedative effect on the portion of the brain that controls behavior.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Tranquilizer used to treat nervous tension, anxiety, insomnia.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, however rare, some may experience vision problems, skin rash, sore throat, fever, hives, itching, vomiting, nausea, irregular heartbeat, breathing difficulties, diarrhea, and unusual bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Alcohol may cause this drug to produce dangerous effects. 2. Ethinamate may lead to experiencing the dangerous effects of this drug. 3. May diminish the effect of Anticoagulant, oral Contraceptives, and Estrogen. 4. May increase the effect of Tricyclic Antidepressants, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, and Tranquilizers. 5. May result in dangerous level of sedation when used with Methyprylon. 6. May result in excessive sedation when used with Antihistamines. 7. May produce a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 8. Dronabinol may increase the effect of both drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Carsoprodol, Tybamate, Carbromal, or Meprobamate, or have had porphyria. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney or liver problems, epilepsy, or are allergic to Tartrazine Dye. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants or children. This drug should definitely not be used for children less than 6 years of age. 7. Extended use of this drug may be addictive and retard the production of blood cells.|Overdose symptoms can include confusion, slurred speech, breathing difficulties, dizziness, stupor, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Methyldopa and Chlorothiazide Methyldopa and Hydrochlorothiazide|Methyldopa and Thiazide Diuretics|006Z Aldoclor Aldoril Novodoparil Novomedopa PMS Dopazide| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Decreases blood pressure by relaxing cell tension is small arteries.|Allow approximately 2 to 4 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, diuretic (thiazide) used to treat high blood pressure and reduce fluid retention.|Life threatening effects can include a weak pulse and irregular heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, however rare, some experience abdominal pain, memory loss, vision problems, accelerated heartbeat, chest pain, fever, jaundice, breathing difficulties, sore throat, "black" tongue and facial paralysis. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in a significant drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol or Nitrates. 2. May result in dangerous heart rhythms when used with Digitalis preparations and Cortisone drugs. 3. May produce a dangerous loss of blood pressure when used with Nimodipine. 4. Acebutolol, Antihypertensives, Carteolol, and Sotalol, may increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 5. May increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Thiazide Diuretics, Levodopa, Lithium, and Tolbutamide. 6. May diminish the effect of Terazosin, Potassium supplements, and Allopurinol. 7. Amphetamines may diminish the Methyldopa effect of this drug. 8. May result in dangerous changes in blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors and Tricyclic Antidepressants. 9. May result in excessive blood potassium when used with ACE inhibitors. 10. May result in excessive sedation when used with Haloperidol. 11. Indapamide may increase the diuretic effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Thiazide Diuretic drug or will be having surgery (including dental) with in the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disorder, liver disorder, pancreas disorder, or are allergic to any Sulfa drug. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience fainting, dizziness, or unsteadiness or exaggerate (or bring about) Parkinson's disease. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to fluid retention and anemia.|Overdose symptoms can include cramps, drowsiness, confusion, exhaustion, stupor, weak pulse, slow heartbeat and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Methylphenidate||020] Ritalin Ritalin SR| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Innervates the portion of the brain that controls alertness.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect on adults, and approximately 1 month for this drug to attain maximum effect on children.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Sympathomimetic used to treat narcolepsy and hyperactive children.|On rare occasion some may experience psychosis, fever, irregular heartbeat, blurred vision, convulsions, chest pain, fast heartbeat, skin rash, hives, joint pain, sore throat, unusual bruising, and uncontrollable movements. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics, oral Anticoagulants, Anticonvulsants, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone. 2. May diminish the effect of Acebutolol, Antihypertensives, Central Nervous System depressants, Guanadrel, Guanethidine, Minoxidil, Oxprenolol, Nitrates, and Terazosin. 3. Acebutolol, Nitrates, and Oxprenolol may diminish the effect of this drug. 4. Dextrothyroxine may increase the effect of this drug. 5. May result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors.|1. This drug should not be used if you have glaucoma, are younger than 6 years of age or are allergic to Methylphenidate. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, epilepsy, or are currently taking MAO inhibitors. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision (this drug should not be given to children under 6 years of age). 6. Extended use of this drug may retard growth during the growing years. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include confusion, rapid heartbeat, hallucinations, agitation, vomiting, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Methysergide||050Z Sansert| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Blocks the neurotransmitter Serotonin in the body preventing vascular headaches.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|Do not retake, wait until next scheduled dose. Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Vasoconstrictor used in the treatment of migraine headaches and other vascular headaches.|It is not uncommon for some to experience itching when using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience dizziness, chest pain, leg cramps, back pain (lower), redness of the face, loss of appetite, anxiety, groin pain, muscle pain, hallucinations and agitation. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May diminish the effect of Narcotics. 2. May either increase or decrease the effect of Ergot preparations. 3. Concurrent Methysergide and Beta Blocker therapy may result in gangrene.|1. This drug should not be used if you have chronic lung disease, asthma, infections, heart disease, blood vessel disease, collagen disorders, kidney or liver problems, will become pregnant while using this drug or are allergic to any Antiserotonin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have ever had a peptic ulcer or are allergic to any Ergot preparation. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. May cause fibrosis when used for extended periods. Follow up medical examinations are encouraged. 7. This drug should not be used if allergic to Tartrazine or aspirin.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, incoordination, and unquenchable thirst. While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, if larger than prescribed doses are taken, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Isocarboxazid Pargyline Phenelzine Tranylcypromine|Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitor|002] Eutonyl Marplan Nardil Parnate| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Affects the portion of the brain that controls emotions.|Allow approximately 6 weeks for to experience the maximum effect of this drug.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor, antidepressant used to treat depression and in it's generic form Pargyline, is used to treat high blood pressure.|On rare occasion some may experience fainting, and expanded (enlarged) pupils. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, also rare, some may experience nightmares, rapid heartbeat, swelling of the feet and legs, slurred speech, insomnia, jaundice, fever, hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, and intense headache. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May be fatal when used with Amphetamines, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Guanethidine, Sympathominetics and other MAO inhibitors. 2. May result in dangerous sedation when used with Alcohol. 3. May result in toxicity when used with Bupropion and Phenothiazines. 4. May result in extremely low blood sugar when used with Insulin and oral Antidiabetics. 5. May result in central nervous system toxicity when used with Clozapine. 6. May result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure when used with Maprotiline. 7. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics, oral Hypoglycemic, and Indapamide. 8. May produce seizures when used with Cyclobenzaprine and Carbamazepine. 9. May alter seizure patterns when used with Anticonvulsants. 10. May produce an excessive rise in blood pressure when used with Buspirone, Dextromethorpan, Guanadrel, Levodopa, Methyldopa, Methylpenidate, Narcotic Analgesics, Phenylpropanolamine, Pseudoephedrine, Tryptophen, Ephedrine, and Caffeine. 11. May produce exceptionally low blood pressure when used with Antihypertensives and Diuretics. 12. May increase the hypoglycemic effect of Insulin. 13. May produce dangerous effects when used with Ethinamate and Methyprylon. 14. May produce a heightened depressant effect when used with Central Nervous System depressants and Nabilone. 15. May increase the depressant effect of both drugs when used with Guanfacine. 16. Should not be used with Fluoxetine or Meperidine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver disease, heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, heart rhythm disorders, or are allergic to any MAO inhibitor. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, epilepsy, schizophrenia, over active thyroid, adrenal gland tumor, are alcoholic, have had a stroke, or will be having surgery (including dental) with in the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. This drug is not recommended for people over 60 years of age or infants and children. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use may lead to liver toxicity. Follow up medical examinations should be considered. 7. Should avoid foods with a high Tyramine content.|Overdose symptoms can include irritability, difficulty breathing, agitation, fever, dizziness, irregular heartbeat, confusion, excitement, restlessness, insomnia, hallucinations, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately. |Hydralazine and Hydrochlorothiazide||005Z Apresazide Apresoline-Esidrix Aprozide Hydra-zide| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Affects the walls of blood vessels to lower blood pressure. Also promotes the elimination of water and sodium from the body to reduce body fluid.|Allow approximately 2 to 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, diuretic used in the treatment of high blood pressure and the reduction of body fluid.|Life threatening effects can include weak pulse, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, and tachycardia (accelerated heartbeat). If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience nausea and vomiting while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience jaundice, weakness, flushed face, skin rash, swollen lymph glands, swollen feet or legs, fever, and bloody tarry stool. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nimodipine and Tricyclic Antidepressants. 2. May diminish the effect of Allopurinol, Potassium supplements, and Probenecid. 3. May increase the effect of Lithium, MAO inhibitors, oral Diuretics (of both drugs), and Antihypertensives. 4. May diminish the antihypertensive effect when used with Acebutolol and Carteolol. 5. May produce dangerous heart rhythms when used with Digitalis preparations and Cortisone drugs. 6. May decrease the hydralazine effect when used with Amphetamines. 7. May increase the antihypertensive effect when used with Diazoxide. 8. May increase the diuretic effect of Indapamide. 9. May produce an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates and Alcohol. 10. Barbiturates may increase the hydrochlorothiazide effect of this drug. 11. Cholestyramine may diminish the hydrochlorothiazide effect of this drug. 12. May increase the effect of Propramolol, Metoprolol, and Oxprenolol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have a history of rheumatic heart disease, coronary-artery disease, or are allergic to any Thiazide Diuretic drug, Tartrazine dye, or Hydralazine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney problems, chest pain, gout, liver disorders, pancreas disorders, are allergic to any Sulfa drug, have had a stroke or lupus, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use may result in psychosis, lupus, or a tingling sensation in the hands or feet. Periodic medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include fainting, cramps, rapid heartbeat, extreme weakness, drowsiness, weak pulse, cold/clammy skin, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Baclofen Carisoprodol Chlorphenesin Chlorzoxazone Cyclobenzaprine Metaxalone Methocarbamol Orphenadrine|Muscle Relaxants, Skeletal|055` Banflex Blanex Carbacot Delaxin Disipal Flexagin Flexain Flexoject Flexon K-Flex Marbaxin Marflex Maolate Myolin Myoprol Neocyten Noradex Norflex O-Flex Orflagen Orfro Orphenate Paraflex Parafon Forte Rela Robamol Robaxin Robomol Skelaxin Sodol Soma Soprodol Soridol Tega-Flex| * Addiction Potential? Possibly * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes, for some Blocks nerve impulses to the brain that produce pain.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then wait 4 hours until your next dose. Continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasms.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness, temporary loss of vision, intense weakness, and transient paralysis. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience bloody tarry or black stool and convulsions. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, on rare occasion, some may experience jaundice, hiccups, trembling, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, cramps, insomnia, headache, fever, skin rash, hives, and depression. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce increased sedation when used with Alcohol, Antidepressants, Antihistamines, Mind-Altering drugs, other Muscle Relaxants, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, and Tranquilizers. 2. May result in toxicity to the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 3. May increase the effect of Dronabinol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have porphyria or are allergic to any skeletal-muscle relaxant. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are allergic to Tartrazine Dye, have had kidney disease, liver disease, or will become pregnant while using this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include breathing difficulties, diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, extreme weakness, convulsions, a feeling of paralysis, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Acetaminophen and Codeine Hydrocodone and Acetaminophen Hy-phen Meperidine and Acetaminophen Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Pentazocine and Acetaminophen Propoxyphene and Acetaminophen|Narcotic and Acetaminophen|029] Aceta with Codeine Acetaco Allay Amacodone Anexsia Anodynos DHC Anolor-DH5 APAP with Codeine Atasol with Codeine Bancap-HC Capital with Codeine Codalan Codamin Codaminophen Co-gesic Compal Darvocet-N 100 Darvocet-N 50 Demerol-APAP Dolacet Dolene-AP 65 Doxapap D-Rex Duocet Duradyne DHC E-Lor Empracet 30 Empracet 60 Emtec Endocet Exdol with Codeine Genagesic Hy-5 Hycomed Hycopap Hydrocet Hydrocodone with APAP Hydrogesic Lenoltec Lorcet Lorcet-HD Lortab Lortab 5 Lortab 7 Megagesic M-Gesic Myapap with Codeine Norcet Novogesic Oxycocet Percocet Percocet-Demi Phenaphen with Codeine Polygesic Pro Pox with APAP Propacet Propain-HC Proval Proxy 65 Pyregesic-C Rogesic Rounox with Codeine Roxicet Senefen III Talacen Tylaprin with Codeine Tylenol with Codeine Tylox Ty-Pap with Codeine Ty-Tabs Ultragesic Veganin Vicodin Wygesic Zydone| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Blocks nerve impulse to the brain to reduce pain and coughing.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember then wait 4 hours until your next dose. Continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Narcotic, analgesic, fever reducer used to relieve pain.|Life threatening effects can include wheezing, breathing difficulties, irregular heartbeat, or possibly a slow heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience bloody urine, hallucinations, confusion, muscle spasms, jaundice, sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, mouth sores, fever, blurred vision, painful urination, pinpoint pupils, flushed face, nightmares, constipation, and insomnia. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in liver toxicity when used with Alcohol. 2. Carteolol and Sotalol may produce dangerous sedation when used with this drug. 3. May increase the effect of Analgesics, Anticoagulants, Anticholinergics, Narcotics and Phenothiazines. 4. May increase the sedative effect when used with Antidepressants, Antihistamines, Mind-Altering drugs, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, and Tranquilizers 5. May produce an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates. 6. May result in over sedation when used with Terfenadine. 7. May result in dangerous toxicity when used with Selegiline.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Acetaminophen or Narcotic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a liver disorder, bronchial asthma, kidney disease, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience constipation, dizziness, unsteadiness, and drowsiness while using this drug. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to addiction, and anemia. |Overdose symptoms can include slow breathing, irritability, upset stomach, constricted pupils, convulsions, deep sleep, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Buprenorphine Butorphanol Codeine Codeine and Terpin Hydrate Dihydrocodeine Fentanyl Hydrocodone Hydrocodone and Homatropine Hydromorphone Levorphanol Meperidine Methadone Morphine Nalbuphine Opium Oxycodone Oxymorphone Pentazocine Promethazine and Codeine Propoxyphene|Narcotic Analgesics|029] 642 Actagen-C Cough Actifed w/Codeine Actifed w/Codeine Cough Adatuss D.C. Adatuss D.C. Expectorant Alamine-C Liquid Alamine Expectorant Allerfrin w/Codeine Ambay Cough Ambenyl Cough Ambophen Expectorant Anamine HD Anatuss with Codeine Aspirin Compound w/Codeine Astramorph Astramorph-PF Baycodan Baycomine Baycomine Pediatric BayCotussend Liquid Bayhistine DH Bayhistine Expectorant Baytussin AC Benylin with Codeine Biphetane DC Cough Bromanate DC Cough Bromphen DC w/Codeine Cough Buprenex Calcidrine Caldomine-DH Forte Caldomine-DH Pediatric Calmylin with Codeine Cheracol Citra Forte CoActifed CoActifed Expectorant Codamine Codan Codehist DH Codeine Sulfate Codiclear DH Codimal DH Codimal PH Colrex Compound Conex w/ Codeine Liquid Cophene-S Coricidin w/Codeine Coristex-DH Coristine-DH C-Tussin Expectorant Darvon Darvon-N De-Tuss Demerol Deproist Expectorant w/ Codeine Detussin Expectorant Detussin Liquid Dihistine DH Dihydromorphinone Dilaudid Dilaudid Cough Dilaudid-HP Dimetane Expectorant-C Dimetane Expectorant-DC Dimetane-DC Cough Dimetapp with Codeine Dolene Dolophine Doloxene Donatussin DC Doraphen Doxaphene Dromoran Duramorph Efricon Expectorant Liquid Empirin w/Codeine Entuss-D Entuss Expectorant Entuss Pediatric Expectorant Epimorph Fioricet Fortral Glydeine Cough Guiatuss A.C. Guiatussin w/Codeine Liquid Histafed C Hycodan Hycomine Hycomine Compound Hycomine Pediatric Hycomine-S Pediatric Hycotuss Expectorant Hydromine Hydromine Pediatric Hydropane Hydrophen Hystadyl E.C. Iophen-C Liquid Iotuss Isoclor Expectorant Kwelcof Liquid Laudanum Levo-Dromoran Levorphan Mallergan-VC w/Codeine Methadose Midahist DH Morphitec M.O.S. M.O.S.-SR MS Contin MSIR MST Continus Mycotussin Myhistine DH Myhistine Expectorant Myhydromine Myhydromine Pediatric Myphetane DC Cough Mytussin AC Mytussin DAC Naldecon-CX Normatane DC Nortussin w/Codeine Novahistex C Novahistex DH Novahistex DH Expectorant Novahistine DH Novahistine DH Expectorant Novahistine DH Liquid Novahistine Expectorant Novopropoxyn Nubain Nucofed Nucofed Expectorant Nucofed Pediatric Expectorant Numorphan Omni-Tuss Oramorph Oxycodan P-V-Tussin Pantapon Par Glycerol C Paveral Pediacof Cough Penntuss Percodan Pethidine Phenergan w/Codeine Phenergan VC with Codeine Phenhist Expectorant Pherazine VC w/Codeine Physeptone Poly-Histine w/Codeine Poly-Histine-CS Profene Prometh VC w/Codeine Promist HD Liquid Pro Pox Propoxycon Prunicodeine Pseudo-Hist Expectorant Pseudodine C Cough RMS Uniserts Robidone Robitussin with Codeine Robitussin A-C Robitussin-DAC Roxanol Roxanol SR Roxicodone Roxiprin Ru-Tuss w/Hydrocodone Liquid Ryna-C Liquid Ryna-CX Liquid Soma Compound w/Codeine SRC Expectorant Stadol Statex Supeudol Synalgos-DC Talwin Talwin-NX Temgesic Terpin Hydrate w/Codeine T-Koff Tolu-Sed Cough Triacin C Cough Triaminic w/Codeine Triaminic Expectorant w/Codeine Triaminic Expectorant DH Triaminicin w/Codeine Tricodene #1 Trifed-C Cough Tussaminic DH Forte Tussaminic DH Pediatric Tussanil DH Tussar-2 Tussar SF Tussend Tussend Expectorant Tussend Liquid Tussi-Organidin Tussi-Organidin Liquid Tussigon Tussionex Tussirex w/Codeine Liquid Vanex-HD| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Blocks nerve impulses to the brain that produce pain and coughing.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember then wait 4 hours until your next dose. Continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Narcotic Analgesic used to treat pain, coughing and diarrhea.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness, difficulty breathing, restlessness, seizures, and slow heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience hallucinations, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, slow heartbeat, irregular breathing, severe constipation, jaundice, fainting, and disorientation. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in death when used with Naltrexone or MAO inhibitors. 2. May increase the effect of Analgesics, oral Anticoagulants, Anticholinergics, Carbamazepine and Narcotics. 3. May result in dangerous over sedation when used with Sotalol, Carteolol, and Methyprylon. 4. Antidepressants, Antihistamines, Phenothiazines, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, and Tranquilizers may result in increasing the sedative effect. 5. May produce dangerous toxicity when used with Selegiline. 6. The use of this drug may increase the intoxicating effect of Alcohol. 7. May produce dangerous ethinamate effects when used with Ethinamate. 8. Cimetidine, Molindone, Carteolol (dangerous effect), Narcotics, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs, and Sotalol, (dangerous effect) may increase the narcotic effect of this drug. 9. Phenytoin and Rifampin may diminish the narcotic effect of this drug. 10. May lead to producing withdrawal symptoms when used with Pentazocine, Butorphanol, and Nalbuphine. 11. May result in producing a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 12. Nabilone may result in an increased depressant effect on the central nervous system when used with this drug. 13. May result in a significant drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates. 14. May result in toxicity when used with Cimetidine (may increase the narcotic effect). 15. Guanfacine and Fluoxetine may increase the depressant effect of both drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Narcotic or are experiencing diarrhea due to the toxic effect of poisons or drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, kidney or liver problems, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience dizziness, unsteadiness, constipation, or drowsiness. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to addiction.|Overdose symptoms can include slow breathing, constricted pupils, slow pulse, deep sleep, seizures, and respiratory arrest. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Erythrityl Tetranitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate Nitroglycerin (Glyceryl Trinitrate) Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate|Nitrates|007Z Apo-ISDN Cardilate Cedocard-SR Coradur Coronex Deponit Dilatrate-SR Duotrate Glyceryl Trinitrate Iso-Bid Isonate Isorbid Isordil Isotrate Klavikordal Naptrate Niong Nitro-Bid Nitrocap Nitrocap T.D. Nitrocine Nitrodisc Nitro-Dur Nitro-Dur II Nitrogard-SR Nitroglyn Nitrol Nitrolin Nitrolingual Nitronet Nitrong Nitrong SR Nitrospan Nitrostat Novosorbide NTS Pentritol Pentylan Peritrate Peritrate Forte Peritrate SA P.E.T.N. Sorbitrate Sorbitrate SA Transderm-Nitro Tridil| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Increase blood flow to the heart by relaxing blood vessels.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect. However, in spray or sublingual forms may begin working within 3 minutes.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antianginal (nitrate) used to treat congestive heart failure and angina attacks.|On rare occasion some may experience fainting, or skin rash. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience nausea, headache, dry mouth, and rapid heartbeat when using this drug. If this occurs, consult with your doctor. |1. May result in an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Tricyclic Antidepressants, Antihypertensives, Carteolol, Beta-Andrenergic Blockers, Sotalol, Narcotics, Alcohol, and Lisinopril. 2. May diminish the effect of Cholinergics and Sympathomimetics (may also diminish the effect of nitrates). 3. Ephedrine may diminish the effect of this drug. 4. Guanfacine may increase the effect of this drug. 5. May result in a decrease of blood pressure when used with Phenothiazines and Calcium Channel Blockers. 6. May result in an increase of internal eye pressure when used with Anticholinergics.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Nitroglycerin or Nitrates. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have glaucoma, plan on becoming pregnant while using this drug, are taking any non-prescription drugs, consume alcoholic beverages, use marijuana, or have had an adverse reaction to any Vasodilator drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to the need of having to take higher doses. Follow up medical examinations should be considered while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include fever, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, weak pulse, shortness of breath, a sensation of increased pressure within the head, blue lips and fingernails, and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Nizatidine||017_ Axid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Prevents the release of histamines.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Histamine H2 antagonist used to treat duodenal ulcers and excess hydrochloric acid problems in the stomach.|On rare occasion some may experience unusual bleeding, confusion, sore throat, unusual bruising, weakness, muscle cramps/pain, irregular heartbeat, fever, skin rash, hives, and fatigue. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may increase the effect and toxicity of Alprazolam, Carbamazepine, Chlordiazepoxide, Diazepam, Flurazepam, Glipizide, Methadone, Metoprolol, Metronidazole, Morphine, Phenytoin, Procainamide, and Propafenone. 2. May increase the effect of Digitalis preparations. 3. Metoclopramide, and Antacids may diminish the effect of this drug. 4. Encainide and Anticholinergics may increase the effect of this drug. 5. When used with Labetalol may result in an increase antihypertensive effect. 6. May decrease the effect of Ketoconazole.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to other Histamine H2 Antagonists or Nizatidine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are currently taking aspirin or will become pregnant while using this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to liver damage.|Overdose symptoms can include difficulty breathing, confusion, rapid heartbeat, slurred speech, and delirium. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Omeprazole||066_ Losec Prilosec| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Prevents stomach acid secretion.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiulcer used to treat excess stomach acid, peptic ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux.|It is not uncommon for some to experience itching and abdominal pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, on rare occasion, some may experience painful urination, sore throat, tiredness, dizziness, chest pain, muscle pain, headache, unusual bleeding and gaseousness. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Alcohol may diminish the effect of this drug. 2. May increase the concentration of Diazepam and Phenytoin when used with this drug. 3. May increase the anticoagulant effect of Anticoagulants.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Omeprazole. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you currently have (or have had) liver disease, or are allergic to any other drugs, dyes, preservatives, or foods. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of carcinoid tumors if used for more than 2 months.|Overdose symptoms can include difficulty breathing, extreme drowsiness, lowered body temperature, and seizures. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Papaverine||049Z Cerespan Genabid Pavabid Pavabid HP Pavacap Pavacen Pavagen Pavarine Pavased Pavatine Pavatym Paverolan| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Expands blood vessel walls to increase blood circulation.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Vasodilator used to improve circulation or when injected into the penis to produce erections. |On rare occasion some may experience rapid heartbeat, jaundice, skin rash, vision problems, itching, and weakness. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in increase sedation when used with Narcotics, Pain Relievers, Sedatives, and Tranquilizers. 2. May decrease the effect of Levodopa and Pergolide. 3. Sympathomimetics may reverse the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Papaverine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have Parkinson's disease, have had heart disease, heart attack, stroke, or angina, or will become pregnant while using this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms may include irregular heartbeat, fainting, weakness, flushing of the skin, sweating, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Pentoxifylline||042Z Trental| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Improves blood flow and flexibility of red blood cells.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 3 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 3 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Hemorrheologic agent used to treat leg pain brought on by poor circulation.|Life threatening effects can include an irregular heartbeat and chest pain. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience nausea, vomiting, laryngitis, abdominal pain, vision problems, lowered blood pressure, headache, swollen feet or ankles, itching, skin rash, and nasal congestion. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Avoid using with Alcohol, effects are not fully understood. 2. May increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 3. May increase the effect of Antihypertensive drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Pentoxifylline. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have angina, or are allergic to Oxtriphylline, Caffeine, Aminophyllin, Theophylline, Theobromine, and Dyphyllin. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children.|Overdose symptoms can include flushed face, nervousness, drowsiness, fainting, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Acetophenazine Chlorpromazine Fluphenazine Mesoridazine Methotrimeprazine Pericyazine Perphenazine Pipotiazine Prochlorperazine Promazine Thiopropazate Thioproperazine Thioridazine Trifluoperazine Triflupromazine|Phenothiazines|070] Apo-Fluphenazine Apo-Perphenazine Apo-Thioridazine Apo-Trifluoperazine Chlorpazine Chlorpromanyl-20 Chlorpromanyl-40 Compazine Compazine Spansule Dartal Largactil Largactil Liquid Largactil Oral Drops Levoprome Majeptil Mellaril Mellaril Concentrate Mellaril-S Millazine Modecate Moditen Enanthate Moditen HCI Moditen HCI-H.P. Neuleptil Novo-Chlorpromazine Novo-Flurazine Novo-Ridazine Nozinan Nozinan Liquid Nozinan Oral Drops Permitil Permitil Concentrate Phenazine Piportil L4 PMS Thioridazine Prolixin Prolixin Concentrate Prolixin Decanoate Prolixin Enanthate Prozine Serentil Serentil Concentrate Solazine Sparine Stelazine Stelazine Concentrate Stemetil Stemetil Liquid Suprazine Terfluzine Terfluzine Concentrate Thorazine Thorazine Concentrate Thorazine Spansule Thor-Prom Tindal Trilafon Trilafon Concentrate Vesprin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Influences the portion of the brain responsible for controlling behavior. Also inhibits nerve impulses that affect the brains vomiting reflex.|Allow approximately 1 hour to affect vomiting and nausea and up to 6 weeks to affect anxiety and agitation.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Tranquilizer, antiemetic (phenothiazine) used to treat vomiting, nausea, hiccups, agitation and anxiety.|Life threatening effects can include uncontrollable muscle movement. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience unsteadiness, and muscle spasms in both the neck and face. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Less severe and also not uncommon, some may experience drowsiness, restlessness, tremor, blurred vision, and muscle spasms of the tongue. On rare occasion some may experience fainting. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. May result in dangerous over sedation when used with Alcohol. 2. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics, Antihistamines, Dronabinol (both drugs), Mind-Altering drugs, Narcotics, and Tranquilizers. Guanethidine's hypotensive effects may be decreased. 3. May increase the sedative effect when used with Sedatives and Procarbazine. 4. May result in greater depression to the central nervous system when used with Nabilone. 5. May result in a dangerous effect on the heart when used with Quinidine. 6. May diminish the effect of Levodopa, Lithium, and Appetite Suppressants. 7. May result in producing major seizures when used with Bupropion. 8. May produce toxic effects to the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 9. May result in symptoms of toxicity when used with Metyrosine. 10. Molindone may increase tranquilizer effect of this drug. 11. Tricyclic Antidepressants may increase the effect of this drug. 12. May produce extremely low blood pressure when used with Antihypertensives. 13. May produce blood disorders when used with Antithyroid agents.|1. This drug should not be used if you have bone marrow, or blood diseases or are allergic to any Phenothiazine drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have glaucoma, asthma, prostate trouble, lung problems, emphysema, are taking any non-prescription drugs for asthma, ulcers, or any amphetamines, and if you will have surgery (including dental) with in the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience uncontrollable movements of the tongue, jaw, lips, and chewing. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug should not be given to children under 2 years of age. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may lead to tardive dyskinesia.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions, stupor, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Potassium Acetate Potassium Bicarbonate Potassium Bicarbonate and Potassium Chloride Potassium Bicarbonate and Potassium Citrate Potassium Chloride Potassium Bicarbonate and Potassium Citrate Potassium Gluconate Potassium Gluconate and Potassium Chloride Potassium Gluconate and Potassium Citrate Potassium Gluconate Potassium Citrate and Ammonium Trikates Potassium Chloride|Potassium Supplements|039Z Apo-K Cena-K K-10 K + Care ET K-Dur K-G Elixir K-Long K-Lor K-Lyte K-Lyte DS K-Lyte/CI K-Lyte/CI 50 K-Lyte/CL Powder K-Norm K-Tab Kallum Durules Kaochlor Kaochlor-Eff Kaochlor S-F Kaon Kaon-CI Kaon-CI 10 Kaon-CI 20 Kato Kay Ciel Kay Ciel Elixir Kaylixir KCL Klor-Con Klor-Con/25 Klor-Con/EF Klorvess Klorvess 10% Liquid Klotrix Kolyum Micro-K Micro-K 10 Micro-K LS Neo-K Novo-Lente-K Potachlor 10% Potachlor 20% Potage Potasaian Potassium-Rougier Potassium-Sandoz Potassium Triplex Roychlor 10% Roychlor 20% Royonate Rum-K Slo-Pot 600 Slow-K Ten K Tri-K Twin-K Twin-K-CI| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Increases the body's potassium level.|Allow approximately 1 day for maximum effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, but Do Not Double the Next Dose.|This drug is a Mineral Supplement (potassium) used to treat potassium deficiencies.|On rare occasion some may experience fatigue, breathing difficulties, irregular heartbeat, hemorrhage, and a feeling of heaviness in the legs. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May cause a dangerous rise in blood potassium when used with Amiloride, Spironolactone, and Triamterene. 2. May produce stomach irritation when used with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs. 3. Laxatives, Cortisone drugs, and Diuretic Thiazide (loop) may diminish the effect of this drug. 4. ACE inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 5. May result in the development of intestinal ulcers when used with Anticholinergics, Atropine, and Belladonna.|1. This drug should not be used if you have kidney disease (chronic or acute), or are allergic to any Potassium Supplements. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a stomach ulcer, heart disease, Addison's disease, intestinal blockage, Familial Periodic Paralysis, use laxatives, diuretics, any heart medicines, use low salt milk, or salt substitutes. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug may result in anemia.|Overdose symptoms can include irregular heartbeat, convulsions, lowered blood pressure, arm and leg paralysis, coma, cardiac arrest. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Prazosin||004Z Minipress| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessel walls.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used to treat Raynaud's disease, high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.|It is not uncommon for some to experience a rapid heartbeat when using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience breathing difficulties, itching, chest pain, shortness of breath, skin rash, and blurred vision. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol and Nitrates. 2. May produce a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nimodipine. 3. Amphetamines, Estrogen, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs, and Sympathomimetcis may decrease the effect of this drug. 4. Carteolol, Lisinopril, and Sotalol may increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 5. May decrease the effect of Terazosin. 6. May produce faintness and weakness when used with Nifedipine, and Verapamil. 7. Guanfacine may increase the effect of this drug. 8. Other antihypertensives may increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 9. May produce a drop in blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors and Nicardipine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have symptoms of depression, are allergic to Prazosin, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have coronary heart disease, stroke, are subject to depression, kidney disease, liver disorders, angina, reduced blood circulation to the brain, or have had adverse effects from any other Antihypertensive drugs. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include cold/clammy skin, weakness (extreme), rapid heartbeat, weak pulse, unconsciousness, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Prednisolone||024b Articulose Delta-Cortef Hydeltrasol Hydeltrasol-TBA Key-Pred Key-Pred-SP Key-Pred-TBA Nor-pred-TBA Pediapred Predaject Predalone Predate-50 Predate-S Predate-TBA Predcor 25 Predcor 50 Predicort-50 Prelone| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Reduces the body's inflammatory responses.|Allow approximately 4 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Cortisone (adrenal corticosteroid) used to treat asthma, kidney disease, blood disease, inflammation, allergic diseases, emphysema, and to restore corticosteroid deficiencies. |Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help and area Poison Control Center Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience assorted infections, bloody black or tarry stool, and irregular heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, also infrequent, some may experience fever, muscle cramps, tingling sensation in the hands and feet, skin rash, sore throat, and blurred vision. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in over sedation when used with Barbiturates. 2. May result in a dangerous loss of potassium and toxicity when used with Digitalis preparations. 3. May result in excessive potassium loss and dangerous heartbeat irregularities when used with Indapamide. 4. May produce a loss of potassium when used with Thiazide Diuretics, Ethacrynic Acid, Furosemide, Amphotericin B, and Chlorthalidone. 5. The effect of this drug may be diminished when used with Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Antihistamines, Barbiturates, Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, Chloral Hydrate, Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Ephedrine, Glutethimide, Mitotane, Phenobarbital, and Rifampin. 6. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Insulin, Isoniazid, Potassium supplements, Salicylates, oral Anticoagulants, oral Antidiabetics, and Cholinergics. 7. Aspirin, oral Contraceptives, Estrogen, and Indomethacin may increase the effect of this drug. 8. May result in the development of viral infections when used with Attenuated Virus vaccines. 9. May produce glaucoma when used with Sympathomimetics. 10. May increase the effect of Theophylline. 11. May produce ulcers when used with Oxyphenbutazone and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs. 12. May lead to stomach ulcers when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have herpes infection (of the genitals, eyes, or lips), peptic ulcer, thyroid diseases, kidney disease, tuberculosis, diabetes, liver disease, heart disease, glaucoma, fungus infections, bone disease, colitis, myasthenia gravis, diverticulitis, or are allergic to any Cortisone drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have glaucoma, high blood pressure, blood clots (legs or lungs), congestive heart failure, underactive thyroid, or have had tuberculosis. 3. People over 60 years of age may develop osteoporosis and cataracts while using this drug. Additionally, the use of this drug may also worsen existing conditions of diabetes, ulcers, and adema. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of diabetes, glaucoma, brittle bones, functional dependence, thin skin, and impede the growth in children.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions, headache, and heart failure. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Hydroxyprogesterone Medroxyprogesterone Megestrol Norethindrone Norgestrel Progesterone|Progestins|034\ Amen Aygestin Curretab Cycrin Depo-Provera Duralutin Femotrone Gesterol Gesterol L.A. Hylutin Hyprogest Hyproval P.A. Megace Micronor Nor-Q.D. Norlutate Norlutin Ovrette Pro-Depo Prodrox Progestaject Pregestilin Provera| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Innervates cervical mucus to prevent pregnancy, inhibits ovulation, and prevents uterine bleeding.|Allow approximately 2 days for menstrual problems, 3 weeks for contraception, and 3 months for cancer treatment.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose. For contraception, consult with your doctor.|This drug is a Female Sex Hormone (progestin) used to treat hormonal imbalance (female), breast cancer, uterine cancer, menstrual disorders, and as a contraceptive.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives; and/or faintness, and blood clots (lungs, brain, or legs). If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience jaundice, changes in vision, fever, leg pain (calf), stomach or side pain, skin rash, and extended vaginal bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Bromocriptine, oral Hypoglycemic, Insulin, and Phenothiazines. 2. Phenobarbital and Phenylbutazone may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. Rifampin may diminish the contraceptive effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have breast cancer, liver disease, uterine cancer, gallbladder disease, unusual vaginal bleeding, had stroke or thrombophlebitis, will become pregnant while using this drug, or are allergic to any Progestins. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have diabetes, seizures, heart disease, migraines, kidney disease, or are subject to depression. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children (female) should use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose symptoms can include fluid retention, vomiting, nausea, breast discomfort, and vaginal bleeding. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Quinidine||015Z Apo-Quinidine Cardioquin Cin-Quin Duraquin Novoquinidin Quinaglute Dura-Tabs Quinalan Quinate Quinidex Extentabs Quinora| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Regulates heartbeat by slowing nerve impulses to the heart muscle.|Allow approximately 4 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiarrhythmic used to treat heart rhythm disorders. |Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, faintness, and wheezing. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and nausea. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience jaundice, difficulty swallowing, confusion, rapid heartbeat, joint pain, unusual bleeding, fever, headache, skin rash, difficulty breathing, dizziness, hepatitis, vision changes, lightheadedness, and fainting. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Cimetidine, Guanfacine, Nicardipine, Nimodipine, Phenothiazines, and Propafenone may increase the effect of Quinidine. 2. Nifedipine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. May increase the effect the effect of Anticholinergics, oral Anticoagulants, and Antihypertensives. 4. May diminish the effect of Cholinergics. 5. May result in heartbeat irregularities when used with Pimozide and Flecainide. 6. May produce a toxic effect on the heart muscle when used with Encainide. 7. May result in Quinidine toxicity when used with Antiarrhythmics. Effect may increase or decrease. 8. May interfere with normal heart rhythms when used with Rauwolfia Alkaloids. 9. May produce hypotension when used with Verapamil. 10. May produce extremely slow heartbeat when used with Digitalis preparations. 11. Urinary Alkalizers may increase the effect, and the toxicity or Quinidine. May also slow the elimination of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Quinidine or currently have an active infection. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are currently taking any prescription, or over-the-counter drugs. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include fainting, confusion, lethargy, extreme drop in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, seizures, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Radio-Pharmaceuticals|Radio-Pharmaceuticals|040Z Cyanocobalamin Co 57 Cyanocobalamin Co 60 Ferrous Citrate Fe 59 Gallium Citrate Ga 67 Indium in 111 Pentetate Iodinated I 131 Albumin Iodohippurate Sodium I 123 Iodohippurate Sodium I 131 Iothalamate Sodium I 125 Krypton KR 81m Selenomethionine Se 75 Sodium Chromate Cr 51 Sodium Iodide I 123 Sodium Iodide I 131 Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m Sodium Phosphate P 32 Technetium Tc 99m Albumin Aggregated Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin Technetium Tc 99m Gluceptate Technetium Tc 99m Human Serum Albumin Technetium Tc 99m Medronate Technetium Tc 99m Oxidronate Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate Technetium Tc 99m Pyrophosphate Technetium Tc 99m Succimer Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid Thallous Chloride TI 201 Xenon Xe 127 Xenon Xe 133| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Provides a radioactive concentration of substances to specific organs of the body making pictures or measurements possible.|May vary.|Retake as soon as you remember.|This drug is a Radio-Pharmaceutical used to aid in the diagnosis of a variety of medical problems.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. Drug interactions are unlikely.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to the specific Radio-Pharmaceutical being used. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are allergic to human serum albumin or are prone to allergies in general. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely.|Alseroxylon Deserpidine Rauwolfia Serpentina Reserpine|Rauwolfia Alkaloids|051Z Demi-Regroton Diupres Diutensin-R Enduronyl Harmonyl Hydromox R Mallopress Metatensin Naquival Novoreserpine Oreticyl Raudixin Rauval Rauverid Rauwiloid Rauzide Regroton Renese-R Reserfia Salutensin Serpalan Serpasil Serpasil-Esidrix Wolfina| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Inhibits specific nerve impulses to blood vessels, relaxing them and lowering blood pressure.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, tranquilizer (rauwolfia alkaloid) used in the treatment of emotional and mental disorders as well as the treatment of high blood pressure.|On rare occasion some may experience stiff joints, chest pain, irregular heartbeat, stiffness of the muscles, bone stiffness, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, skin rash, itching, abdominal pain, unusual bleeding, sore throat, unusual bruising, bloody vomit, and shortness of breath. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience dizziness and depression when using this drug. Inform your doctor of these symptoms.|1. May result in a dangerous blood pressure drop when used with Nimodipine. 2. May produce a dangerous increased effect of Ethinamate when used together. 3. May produce increase intoxication when used with Alcohol. Do Not Combine. 4. May produce irregular heartbeat when used with Digitalis preparations and Quinidine. 5. May produce extreme depression when used with MAO inhibitors. 6. May produce a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 7. May result in increase depression of the central nervous system when used with Nabilone. 8. May significantly alter seizure patterns when used with Anticonvulsants. 9. May increase the effect of Antidepressants, Antihistamines, and Dronabinol. 10. May diminish the effect of Aspirin, Levodopa, Pergolide, and Terazosin. 11. May increase the antihypertensive effect when used with Sotalol, Lisinopril, and Carteolol. 12. May increase or decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants. Results are unpredictable. 13. May produce toxicity of both drugs when used with Loxapine. 14. Antihypertensives and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers may increase the effect of this drug. May produce excessive sedation when used with Beta-Adrenergic Blockers. 15. Guanfacine or Fluoxetine may increase the depressant effect of both drugs. 16. May produce adverse effects when used with Leucovorin. 17. May produce a drop in blood pressure when used with Nicardipine. 18. Do not administer two or more Rauwolfia Alkaloids together. 19. Hypotension, flushing, diarrhea, and manic reactions have occurred whn administered with Tricyclic antidepressants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have ulcerative colitis, peptic ulcer, have symptoms of depression, or are allergic to any Rauwolfia Alkaloids. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have epilepsy, have had gallstones, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, been depressed, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations. |Overdose symptoms can include drowsiness, lowered body temperature, pinpoint pupils, weak pulse, slow heartbeat, shallow breathing (slow), flushed skin, diarrhea, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Deserpidine and Hydrochlorothiazide Deserpidine and Methyclothiazide Rauwolfia Serpentina and Bendroflumethiazide Reserpine and Chlorothiazide Reserpine and Chlorthalidone Reserpine and Hydrochlorothiazide Reserpine and Hydroflumethiazide Reserpine and Methylclothiazide Reserpine and Polythiazide Reserpine and Quinethazone Reserpine and Trichlormethiazide|Rauwolfia and Thiazide Diuretics|006Z Demi-Regroton Diupres Diurese R Diurigen with Reserpine Diutensen-R Dureticyl Enduronyl Enduronyl Forte Hydromox-R Hydropine Hydropres Hydrosine Hydrotensin Mallopres Metatensin Naquival Oreticyl Oreticyl Forte Rauzide Renese-R Salazide Salutensin Salutensin-Demi Serpasil-Esidrix| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Inhibits specific nerve impulses to blood vessels, relaxing them and lowering blood pressure. Also reduces fluid retention by forcing sodium and water elimination.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take full effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, diuretic, tranquilizer used to control high blood pressure and reduce body fluid retention. |Life threatening effects can include bloody vomit, irregular heartbeat, black stool, hives, and weak pulse. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience blurred vision, fever, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, abdominal pain, joint pain, jaundice, unusual bleeding or bruising. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol and Tricyclic Antidepressants. 2. May produce dangerous heart rhythm irregularities when used with Cortisone drugs and Digitalis preparations. 3. May produce extreme depression when used with MAO inhibitors. 4. May seriously alter seizure patterns when used with Anticonvulsants. 5. May increase the effect of Antihistamines, oral Anticoagulants (may also decrease), Thiazide Diuretics, Dronabinol (both drugs), and Lithium. 6. May diminish the effect of Pergolide, Probenecid, Potassium supplements, Terazosin, Levodopa, and Aspirin. 7. May increase the hydrochlorothiazide effect when used with Barbiturates and MAO inhibitors. May diminish this effect when used with Cholestyramine. 8. Indapamide may increase the diuretic effect of this drug. 9. Nitrates may produce an excessive blood pressure drop when used with this drug. 10. Carteolol, Lisinopril, and Oxprenolol may increase the antihypertensive effect. 11. May result in lowering blood pressure when used with Nicardipine. 12. May result in excessive sedation when used with Mind-Altering drugs and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers. 13. Antihypertensives and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers may increase the effect of this drug. 14. Should not be administered with another Rauwolfia Alkaloid.|1. This drug should not be used if you have ulcerative colitis, peptic ulcer, symptoms of depression, or are allergic to any Rauwolfia Alkaloid or Thiazide Diuretic drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have epilepsy, gout, liver problems, kidney problems, pancreas disorder, have had gallstones, peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, suffered from depression, or are allergic to any Sulfa drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use should be followed up by periodic medical examinations. Consult with your doctor concerning the frequency of these follow ups.|Overdose symptoms can include lowered body temperature, weak pulse, cramps, pinpoint pupils, diarrhea, shallow breathing (slow), drowsiness, flushed skin, weakness, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Reserpine and Hydralazine||004Z Serpasil-Apresoline| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Inhibits nerve impulses in order to relax blood vessels, consequently lowering blood pressure.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect. |If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, tranquilizer (rauwolfia alkaloid) used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and high blood pressure.|Life threatening effects can include irregular heartbeat, fainting, chest pain, rapid pulse, black vomit, and black stool. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. It is not uncommon for some to experience nausea and vomiting while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience skin rash, chest pain, abdominal pain, jaundice, joint pain, sore throat, unusual bleeding or bruising, faintness (especially when standing or sitting up), swollen lymph glands. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nimodipine. 2. May produce excessive sedation when used with Mind-Altering drugs and Beta-Adrenergic Blockers. 3. May seriously alter seizure patterns when used with Anticonvulsants. 4. May produce extreme depression when used with MAO inhibitors. 5. May increase the effect of Antidepressants, oral Anticoagulants (may also decrease), oral Diuretics (both drugs), Dronabinol (both drugs), and Antihistamines. 6. May diminish the effect of Levodopa, Terazosin, Aspirin, and Pergolide. 7. May produce a drop in blood pressure when used with Nicardipine. 8. Sotalol may diminish the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 9. Lisinopril, Carteolol, Diazoxide, and Antihypertensives may increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug. 10. Amphetamines may diminish the hydrazine effect of this drug. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs may also decrease this effect. 11. May produce an irregular heartbeat when used with Digitalis preparations. 12. May increase intoxication when used with Alcohol. Do Not Combine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have rheumatic heart disease (past or present), peptic ulcer, coronary-artery disease (past or present), ulcerative colitis, have symptoms of depression, or are allergic to Hydrazine, Tartrazine Dye, or any Rauwolfia Alkaloid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have epilepsy, or have had peptic ulcer, stroke, kidney disease, gallstones, depression, ulcerative colitis, lupus, impaired kidney function, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to lupus, psychosis, and a numbing sensation in the hands or feet. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug. |Overdose symptoms can include cold/clammy skin, drowsiness, pinpoint pupils, weak heartbeat, rapid pulse, fainting, shallow breathing (slow), flushed skin, weakness, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Reserpine Hydralazine and Hydrochlorothiazide||004Z Cam-Ap-Es Cherapas Ser-A-Gen Seralazide Ser-Ap-Es Serpazide Tri-Hydroserpine Unipres| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Inhibits nerve impulses to blood vessels in order to lower blood pressure. Reduce fluid retention by promoting the elimination of water and sodium from the body.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used in the treatment of high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and fluid retention.|Life threatening effects can include chest pain, irregular heartbeat, weak pulse, bloody or black vomit, rapid heartbeat, fainting, and black stool. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. It is not uncommon for some to experience nausea and vomiting while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience jaundice, chest pain, mouth sores, sore throat, blurred vision, abdominal pain, joint pain, skin rash, fever, unusual bleeding or bruising, hives, weakness, and the feeling of faintness when standing or setting up.|1. May produce a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Tricyclic Antidepressants, Cortisone drugs, Digitalis preparations, Nimodipine, and Nitrates. 2. May produce excessive intoxication when used with Alcohol. Do Not Combine. 3. May result in excessive sedation when used with Mind-Altering drugs. 4. May produce serious changes in seizure patterns when used with Anticonvulsants. 5. May diminish the effect of Levodopa, Aspirin, Pergolide, Potassium supplements, Probenecid, Terazosin, oral Anticoagulants (may also increase), and Allopurinol. 6. Amphetamines and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs may diminish the hydralazine effect of this drug. 7. May increase the effect of both drugs when used with Acebutolol, MAO inhibitors (may also cause severe depression), Dronabinol, oral Anticoagulants (may also decrease), and oral Diuretics. 8. May increase the effect of Antihistamines, Lithium, and Antihypertensives. 9. May increase the antihypertensive effect of Antihypertensives, Carteolol, Diazoxide, Lisinopril, and Oxprenolol. Sotalol may diminish this effect. 10. Indapamide may increase the diuretic effect. 11. Barbiturates may increase the hydrochlorothiazide effect of this drug. 12. May produce a drop in blood pressure when used with Nicardipine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have coronary-artery disease (past or present), peptic ulcer, rheumatic heart disease (past or present), ulcerative colitis, symptoms of depression, are allergic to Tartrazine Dye, Hydralazine, Thiazide Diuretics, or any Rauwolfia Alkaloids. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have neck, arm, or chest pains during physical exertion, epilepsy, kidney problems, liver problems, pancreas disorder, have been depressed, have had peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, stroke, lupus, gallstones, are allergic to any Sulfa drug, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to lupus, psychosis, and a tingling sensation in the hands or feet. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include cold clammy skin, drowsiness, weak heartbeat, shallow breathing, weakness, cramps, flushed skin, lowered body temperature, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Sucralfate||066_ Carafate Sulcrate| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Produces a protective covering over the site of the ulcer.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiulcer used to treat duodenal ulcers.|On rare occasion some may experience diarrhea. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May aggravate the ulcer when used with Alcohol. 2. When taken simultaneously with Cimetidine, Phenytoin, or Tetracycline, Sucralfate may diminish their absorption. 3. May increase total body burden of aluminum when taken simultaneously with aluminum containing antacids.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Sucralfate. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. If using this drug for extended periods (greater than 2 months) periodic medical examinations should be considered. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely. However, if more than prescribed amounts are taken contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Sulfamethoxazole||053\ Apo-Sulfamethoxazole Apo-Sulfatrim Azo-Gantanol Bactrim Bactrim DS Bethaprim Cetamide Cheragan with TMP Cotrim Cotrim DS Co-trimoxazole Gantanol Gantanol DS Novotrimel Protrin Roubac Septra Septra DS SMZ-TMP Sulfamethoprim Sulfamethoprim DS Sulfaprim Sulfaprim DS Sulfatrim Sulfatrim DS Sulfoxaprim Sulfoxaprim DS Sulmeprim Triazole Triazole DS Trimeth-Sulfa Trisulfam Uroplus DS Uroplus SS| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Prevents the reproduction of bacteria by blocking their access to folic acid.|Allow approximately 5 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Sulfa (sulfonamide) used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.|It is not uncommon for some to experience skin rash and itching while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience sore throat, painful urination, bloody urine, jaundice, joint pain, muscle pain, difficulty swallowing, back pain (lower back), numbing sensation in the hands and feet, and blistering of the skin. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the sulfa effect of this drug when used with Aminobenzoates, Calcium supplements, and Para-Aminosalicylic Acid. 2. May increase the sulfa effect when used with Aspirin, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone, Probenecid, Sulfinpyrazone, and Trimethoprim. 3. May produce a toxic effect on the brain when used with Anticonvulsants (Hydantion) or Antidiabetic drugs. 4. May produce a toxic effect on the liver when used with Hepatotoxic agents. 5. May produce a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 6. May result in kidney blockage when used with Methenamine. 7. May cause anemia when used with Isoniazid. 8. May diminish the effect of Penicillin and increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 9. May produce zidovudine toxicity when used with Zidovudine. 10. May diminish the antibiotic effect when used with Mecamylamine. 11. May increase hypoglycemic action when used with Sulfonureas. 12. May increase Phenytoin concentrations.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Sulfa drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have drug related anemia (any drug), liver disease, porphyria, kidney disease, are susceptible to allergies in general, or are allergic to Thiazide Diuretics, oral Antidiabetics, or Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug should not be given to children less than 1 month of age. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to additional infections and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Periodic medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include bloody urine, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Sulfonamides and Phenazopyridine Sulfamethoxazole and Phenazopyridine Sulfisoxazole and Phenazopyridine||011\ Azo Gantanol Azo Gantrisin Azo-Sulfamethoxazole Azo-Sulfisoxazole Sulfafurazole and Phenazopyridine Uro-Gantanol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Prevents reproduction of bacteria by blocking their access to folic acid. Also provides an anesthetic action to the lower urinary tract to relieve pain and burning.|Allow approximately 5 days for this drug to take full effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Analgesic (urinary), sulfonamide used to treat lower urinary tract problems, prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis, and some infections.|It is not uncommon for some to experience skin rash and itching. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience unusual bleeding or bruising, back pain, tingling sensation in the hands and feet, fever, sore throat, joint pain, difficulty swallowing, painful urination (possibly bloody), If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Aspirin, Phenylbutazone, Probenecid, Oxyphenbutazone, Sulfinpyrazone, and Trimethoprim may increase the sulfa effect of this drug. Aminobenzoates and Para-Aminosalicylic may diminish the sulfa effect. 2. May produce a toxic effect on the brain when used with Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin) and Antidiabetics. 3. May increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants and Methotrexate may decrease the effect of Penicillin. 4. May produce liver toxicity when used with Hepatotoxic agents. 5. May produce central nervous system toxicity when used with Clozapine. 6. May result in anemia when used with Isoniazid. 7. May result in kidney blockage when used with Methenamine. 8. May diminish the antibiotic effect when used with Mecamylamine. 9. May produce increase hypoglycemic action when used with Sulfonureas. 10. May produce toxicity when used with Zidovudine.|1. This drug should not be used if you have hepatitis or are allergic to any urinary analgesic, or Sulfa drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have drug related anemia (any drug), porphyria, G6PD deficiency, kidney disease, are prone to allergies, or are allergic to Thiazide Diuretics, oral Antidiabetics, and Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug should not be used on children less than 1 month of age. 6. If used for extended periods may lead to anemia, yellow or orange skin, increased susceptibility to some infections, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include weakness, shortness of breath, bloody urine, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Tamoxifen||077b Nolvadex Nolvadex-D Novo-Tamoxifen Tamofen Tamone| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Inhibits cancer cell growth by blocking Estradiol.|Allow approximately 2 to 3 months for this drug to take effect.|Wait until your next scheduled dose and take. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antineoplastic used in the treatment of breast cancer in the advanced stages.|Life threatening effects can include shortness of breath and pains in the legs. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience sleeplessness, blurred vision and confusion. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Antacids, Estrogen, Famotidine, H-2 Antagonist Antihistamines, and Ranitidine may diminish the effect of this drug. 2. May increase the effect of anticoagulants.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Tamoxifen. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have any blood disorders or cataracts. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not used for infants and children. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered if using this drug for extended periods.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely. However, if greater than prescribed amounts are taken contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Terazosin||005Z Hytrin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Reduces blood pressure by relaxing muscle cells in the arteries.|Allow approximately 15 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Take once you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Never Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive used to treat high blood pressure.|On rare occasion some may experience rapid heartbeat, chest pain, nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, and fainting. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience dizziness and headaches while using this drug.|1. May produce very low blood pressure when used with Alcohol. Do Not Combine. 2. Diclofenac, Estrogen, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs, Antihypertensives, and Sympathomimetics may diminish the effect of this drug. 3. May produce a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used with Nimodipine. 4. May cause a blood pressure drop when used with Nicardipine. 5. May increase the antihypertensive effect of this drug when used with Lisinopril.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Alpha-Adrenergic Blocker or given to children less then 12 years of age. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, Buerger's disease, chronic kidney disease, are prone to periods of depression or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug for extended periods. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, abated reflexes, breathing difficulties, slow heartbeat, fainting and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Terfenadine||017Z Seldane Seldane D| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Blocks the release of histamine from the affected cells.|Allow approximately 3 to 4 hours for the maximum effect of this drug.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine, H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic symptoms.|On rare occasion some may experience difficulty breathing and swelling of the lips. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. It is not uncommon for some to experience vomiting, nausea, itching and sore throat while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, also rare, some may experience nightmares, wheezing, increased urine output (frequency), and irregular heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in over sedation when used with Alcohol. 2. Sotalol may increase the effect of this drug while Carteolol may diminish it. 3. May result in an increase depressant effect on the central nervous system when used with Nabilone. 4. May result in dangerous, possibly fatal, heartbeat arrhythmia when used with Ketoconazole (Nizoral) and Erythromycin (includes all related Erythromycin Antibiotics). {Ref: Marion Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical Co. June 1992}|1. This drug should not be used if you have heart disease, liver disorders, or are allergic to Terfenadine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, glaucoma, enlarged prostate, are allergic to any drugs or medicines to include any other antihistamines, are pregnant (or will become pregnant while using the drug), are less than 12 years of age, will be undergoing skin tests for allergies, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia or have a history of liver or heart disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision (especially children under 12 years of age).|Overdose symptoms can include confusion, nausea, headache, and abnormal heartbeat rhythms. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Testosterone and Estradiol Testosterone Cypionate and Estradiol Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate and Estradiol Valerate||078b Andrest Andro-Estro Andro/Fem Androgyn L.A. De-Comberol Deladumone Delatestadiol depAndrogyn Depo-Testadiol Depotestogen Ditate DS Duo-Cyp Duo-Gen L.A. Duogex LA Duoval PA Duratestrin Estrand Estra-Testrin Menoject-L.A. Neo-Pause Teev T.E.-Ionate P.A. Testadiate-Depo Test-Estra-C Test-Estro Cypionates Testradiol Testradiol L.A. Valertest| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Suppresses estrogen, innervates the production of red blood cells, and accentuates male sex characteristics.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|Consult with your doctor before retaking.|This drug is an Androgen-Estrogen used to treat symptoms of menopause and prevent the filling out of the breasts in mothers after childbirth.|Life threatening effects can include itching, bloody vomit, hives, weakness, and loss of consciousness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience breast tenderness, flushed face, and skin rash. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience abdominal pain, muscle spasm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, and abnormal vaginal bleeding (or discharge). If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May diminish the effect of oral Antidiabetics (may also increase), Cholestyramine, Clofibrate, Colestipol, Nicotinic Acid, Terazosin, Thyroid hormones, and Ursodiol. 2. May increases seizures when used with Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin) and Carbamazepine. 3. May increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 4. May either increase or decrease blood sugar when used with Insulin. Effects are unpredictable. 5. May result in a diminished androgen effect when used with Chlorzoxazone. 6. May result in the increase chance of blood clotting when used with Antifibrinolytic agents. 7. May decrease both estrogen and androgen effects when used with Oxyphenbutazone or Phenobarbital. 8. May decrease both the testosterone and estrogen effect when used with Primidone or Rifampin. 9. May decrease both the androgen and testosterone effect when used with Phenylbutazone.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver problems, take any male hormones, or drugs containing Estrogen, have unusual vaginal bleeding, or have had a stroke, heart attack or blood clots. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood calcium, liver disease, heart disease, kidney disease, gallstones, asthma, diabetes, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, are planning to become pregnant (or are pregnant) within the next 3 months, have had porphyria, migraine headaches, endometriosis, breast cancer, cancer of the reproductive organs, epilepsy, fibrocystic breast disease, or fibroid tumors of the uterus. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience increased sexual activity, or experience the worsening of both blood pressure and heart disease while using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to the development of kidney stones, jaundice, sore throat, continued growth of fibroid tumors of the uterus, fever, breast lumps, and an unusual deepening of the voice in women (and unnatural hair growth). If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|Overdose symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, severe headache, loss of coordination, slurred speech, and vision changes. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Tretinoin (Topical)||080[ Retin-A Retinoic Acid Stie VAA Vitamin A Acid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Accelerates skin cell production.|Allow approximately 3 to 6 weeks for maximum effect.|Take as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Anti-Acne (Topical) used to treat flat warts, acne, ichthyosis, psoriasis, keratosis, and folliculitis.|On rare occasion some may experience swelling, blistering, crusting, and burning while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. |1. May produce severe skin irritation when used with topical Antiacne preparations, abrasive skin cleaners, skin preparations containing alcohol, and medicated cosmetics. 2. May increase the risk of toxicity when used with Etretinate.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Tretinion, have open skin sores, are sunburned, or windburned. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have eczema. 3. This drug is not recommended for people over 60 years of age. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children.|Overdose is not likely with this drug. However, if taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Triamcinolone||024[ Amcort Aristocort Forte Aristocort Intralesional Aristospan Articulose-L.A. Azmacort Cenocort A 40 Cenocort Forte Cinalone 40 Cinonide 40 Dermacomb Kanacort Kenaject-40 Kenalog 10 Kenalog 40 Myco II Myco-Triacet II Mycobiotic II Mycogen II Mycolog II Mykacet Mykacet II Mytrex Tac-3 Triam A Triam-Forte Triamolone Triamonide 40 Tri-Kort Trilog Trilone Tristatin II Tristoject| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Diminishes the body's inflammatory responses.|Allow approximately 2 to 4 days for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Cortisone (adrenal corticosteroid) used in the treatment of kidney diseases, asthma, blood disorders, inflammation, emphysema, and corticosteroid deficiencies.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience difficulty swallowing, irregular heartbeat, bloody black or tarry stool, and infections. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, also infrequent, some may experience convulsions, skin rash, hallucinations, tingling sensation in the hands and feet, and pancreatitis. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May cause dangerous heartbeat irregularities when used with Indapamide. 2. May result in a dangerous loss of potassium and possible toxicity when used with Digitalis preparations. 3. May diminish the effect of this drug when used with Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), Antihistamines, Barbiturates (may also cause over sedation), Chloral Hydrate, Cholestyramine, Colestipol, Ephedrine, Glutethimide, Mitotane, Phenobarbital, and Rifampin. 4. May increase the effect of this drug when used with Indomethacin, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (may also produce ulcers), Aspirin, oral Contraceptives, and Estrogen. 5. May result in a potassium loss when used with Amphotericin B, Chlorthalidone, Ethacrynic Acid, Furosemide, and Potassium supplements. 6. May result in the development of ulcers when used with Oxyphenbutazone and Phenylbutazone. 7. May result in the development of glaucoma when used with Sympathomimetics and Anticholinergics. 8. The use of this drug may decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, oral Antidiabetics, Cholinergics, Insulin, Isoniazid, and Salicylates. May also increase the effect of Theophylline. 9. May increase the risk of viral infections when used with Attenuated Virus vaccines. 10. May produce stomach ulcers when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have heart disease, peptic ulcer, bone diseases, colitis, kidney disease, glaucoma, liver disease, thyroid disease, diabetes, myasthenia gravis, diverticulitis, fungus infections, tuberculosis, or are allergic to any Cortisone drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have myasthenia gravis, congestive heart failure, glaucoma, high blood pressure, blood clots (lungs or legs), under active thyroid, peptic ulcer, diabetes, or have had tuberculosis. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience the development of cataracts and osteoporosis. May also worsen existing conditions of diabetes, adema, and ulcers. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to functional dependence, retarded growth in children, diabetes, glaucoma, cataracts, thin skin, and brittle bones. Periodic medical examinations should be considered while using this drug for extended periods.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions, headache, and heart failure. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Valproic Acid (Dipropylacetic Acid)||008] Dalpro Depa Depakene Depakote Depakote Sprinkle Myproic Acid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Inhibits nerve impulses to parts of the brain by increasing the concentration of gamma aminobutyric.|Allow approximately 4 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Never Double the Dose.|This drug is an Anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy and control petit mal seizures.|On rare occasions some may experience hair loss, double vision, swollen ankles feet and abdomen, skin rash, jaundice, and abnormal eye movements. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce extreme sedation when used with Alcohol. 2. May increase the risk of bleeding when used with Anticoagulants, Aspirin, Dipyridamole, and Sulfinpyrazone. 3. May cause bone marrow toxicity when used with Clozapine and Tiopronin. 4. May result in an increased sedative effect when used with Central Nervous System depressants and MAO inhibitors. 5. May prolong seizures when used with Clonazepam. 6. May retard blood cell production when used with Flecainide and Tocainide. 7. May diminish the effect of Levocarnitine, Sodium Benzoate, and Sodium Phenylacetate. 8. May increase the risk of toxicity when used with Phenobarbital and Primidone. 9. May result in increased depression to the central nervous system when used with Nabilone.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Valproic Acid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, blood disease, kidney disease, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered when using this drug for extended periods. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Xylometazoline and Oxymetazoline (Nasal)||075a 4-Way Long Acting Nasal Spray Afrin 12 Hour Nasal Spray Afrin 12 Hour Nose Drops Afrin Children's Strength Nose Drops Afrin Menthol Nasal Spray Afrin Nasal Spray Afrin Nasal Spray Pump Afrin Nose Drops Allerest 12 Hour Nasal Spray Chlorohist Chlorohist-LA Coricidin Nasal Mist Dristan Long Lasting Menthol Nasal Spray Dristan Long Lasting Nasal Pump Spray Dristan Long Lasting Nasal Spray Dristan Long Lasting Nasal Spray 12 Hour Metered Dose Pump Duramist Plus Up To 12 Hours Decongestant Nasal Spray Duration 12 Hour Nasal Spray Pump Nafrine Decongestant Nasal Drops Nafrine Decongestant Nasal Spray Nafrine Decongestant Pediatric Nasal Spray/Drops Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour Nasal Spray Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour Nasal Spray Pump Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour Nose Drops Neo-Synephrine 12 Hour Vapor Nasal Spray Neo-Synephrine II Long Neo-Synephrine II Long Acting Nasal Spray Adult Strength Neo-Synephrine II Long Acting Nose Drops Adult Strength Nostril Nasal Decongestant Mild Nostril Nasal Decongestant Regular Nostrilla 12 Hour Nasal Decongestant NTZ Long Acting Decongestant Nose Drops NTZ Long Acting Decongestant Nose Spray Otrivin Otrivin Decongestant Nose Drops Otrivin Nasal Drops Otrivin Nasal Spray Otrivin Pediatric Decongestant Nose Drops Otrivin Pediatric Nasal Drops Otrivin Pediatric Nasal Spray Otrivin With M-D Pump Sinarest 12 hour Nasal Spray Sinutab Sinutab Sinus Spray Vicks Sinex 12 Hour Formula Decongestant Nasal Spray Vicks Sinex 12 Hour Formula Decongestant Ultra Fine Mist Vicks Sinex Long-Acting 12 Hour Nasal Spray| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Reduces the size of the small arteries in the sinuses, eustachian tubes, and nose.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then wait 4 hours before taking your next dose. Continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Sympathomimetic used in the treatment of congested sinuses, throat and nose due to allergies and infections.|It is not uncommon for some to experience sneezing, irregular fast or pounding heartbeat, and stuffy/burning/dry nose. If this occurs consult with your doctor concerning these during your next visit.|1. May result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors. 2. May diminish the effect of Beta-Adrenergic Blockers (both drugs), Guanadrel (both drugs), Minoxidil, Nitrates (both drugs), Rauwolfia, Terazosin, and Sympathomimetics (both drugs), when used together. 3. Tricyclic Antidepressants and Phenothiazines may increase the effect of Xylometazoline. 4. May increase blood pressure when used with Methyldopa. 5. Phenothiazines may diminish the effect of Xylometazoline.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any nasal Sympathomimetic spray. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have diabetes, heart disease, over active thyroid, high blood pressure, or have taken any MAO inhibitors within the last 2 weeks. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug should not be given to children under 2 years of age. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to irritation of the nasal membranes and increased congestion.|Overdose symptoms can include agitation, headache, sweating, rapid/irregular heartbeat and anxiety. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Zidovudine (AZT, Azidothymidine)||018Z Retrovir| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Prevents the reproduction process of some viruses.|Allow 2 to 3 weeks for this drug to take maximum effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antiviral used to treat people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).|Life threatening effects can include swelling of the tongue and lips. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. It is not uncommon for some to experience diarrhea, anemia and chills while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, however rare, some may experience unusual bleeding, constipation, confusion, and fainting. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in bone marrow toxicity when used with Bone Marrow depressants, Clozapine, and Tiopronin. 2. Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Benzodiazepines, Cimetidine, Ganciclovir, Indomethacin, Morphine, Probenecid, Sulfa drugs, and Thioguanine, may increase the toxic effects of this drug. 3. May produce convulsions and lethargy when used with Acyclovir. 4. Ribavirin may diminish the effect of this drug. 5. Avoid taking with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Zidovudine or it's related ingredients (capsule form). 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney disease or severe anemia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Periodic medical examinations should be considered when using this drug for extended periods. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include unsteadiness, abnormal bleeding or bruising, nausea and vomiting (severe). If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Acetaminophen||037Z Abenol Acephen Aceta Acetaminophen Uniserts Actamin Actamin Extra Actimol Alba-Temp 300 Amaphen Aminofen Aminofen Max Anacin-3 Anatuss Anatuss with Codeine Anoquan Anuphen Apacet Apacet Extra Strength Apacet Oral Solution APAP Apo-Acetaminophen Atasol Atasol Forte Bancap Banesin Bromo-Seltzer Campain Chexit Children's Anacin 3 Children's Genapap Children's Panadol Children's Ty-Tab Children's Tylenol Co-Apap Co-Tylenol Colrex Compound Comtrex Comtres Multi-Symptom Cold Reliever Conacetol Conar-A Congespirin Contac Jr. Children's Cold Medicine Contac Severe Cold Formula Contac Severe Cold Formula Night Strength CoTylenol Cold Medication Covangesic Dapa Datril Extra Strength DayCare Dolanex Dorcol Children's Fever and Pain Reducer Dristan Drixoral Plus Drixoral Sinus Duadacin Esgic Excedrin Exdol Exdol Strong Fendol Feverall Sprinkle Caps Fevernol Children's Strength Fevernol Junior Strength G-1 Genapap Genapap Extra Strength Genebs Genebs Extra Strength Halenol Halenol Extra Strength Hycomine Compound Improved Sino-Tuss Infants' Anacin-3 Infants Genapap Kolephrin/DM Korigesic Liquiprin Children's Elixir Liquiprin Infants' Drops Meda Cap Meda Tab Midrin Myapap Elixir Naldegesic Neopap NyQuil Nighttime Colds Medicine Nytime Cold Medicine Liquid Omnicol Oraphen -PD Pacaps Panadol Panadol Junior Stength Panex Panex 500 Paracetamol Pedric Pertussin PM Phenaphen Phrenilin Presalin Remcol-C Repan Rhinocaps Robigesic Robitussin Night Relief Colds Formula Liquid Rounox Saleto-CF Sedapap-10 Sinarest Sine-Aid Sine-Off Maximum Strength Allergy Sine-Off Maximum Strength-No Drowsiness Singlet Sinubid Sinulin Sinutab St. Joseph Aspirin Free Sudafed Severe Cold Formula Summit Suppap Tapanol Tapanol Extra Strength Tapar Tempra Tempra Double Strength Tenol Thera Flu/Cold and Cough Thera Flu/Flu and Cold Triaminicin Triaminicin w/Codeine Tussagesic Two-Dyne Ty-Cold Cold Formula Ty Pap Ty-Tab Extra Strength Ty-Tabs Tylenol Tylenol Cold and Flu Tylenol Cold Medication Tylenol Cold Medication, Non-Drowsy Tylenol Extra Strength Tylenol Junior Strength Valadol Valadol Liquid Valorin Valorin Extra Vicks Formula 44M Multi-Symptom Cough Mixture| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Rquired? No * Available in generic form? Yes Acetaminophen inhibits nerve impulses to the hypothalamus portion of the brain in order to reduce the sensation of pain|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Take as soon as you remember, then continue on revised schedule.|Acetaminophen is an analgesic, fever reducer used for the treatment of fever and moderate pain.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a sense of lightheadedness and possibly, however more infrequently, some trembling. On rare occasion adverse effects can include sore throat, hives, itching, painful urination, blood in urine, jaundice and anemia. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the anticoagulant effect of oral Anticoagulants. 2. When taken with Phenobarbital there is a diminished effect of the Acetaminophen. 3. Can cause a toxic effect when taken with (AZT) Zidovudine. 4. When taken with Alcohol it may cause drowsiness, while long term use may have a toxic effect on the liver. 5. May cause hypothermia when taken with Phenothiazine.|1. Should not be taken if allergic to Acetaminophen. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. Consult with your doctor before taking if you have a history of liver damage, bronchial asthma, or kidney disease. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may result in the development of anemia.|Overdose symptoms can include irritability, sweating, upset stomach, anorexia, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately. |Acetohydroxamic Acid (AHA)||022\ Lithostat| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Acetohydroxamic Acid reduces the alkalinity of urine.|Allow approximately 2 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antibacterial, antiurolithic used to treat chronic urinary tract infections.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience vomiting, loss of appetite, and nausea while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience a shortness of breath, slurred speech, chest pain, severe headache, leg pain, and an abrupt change in vision. If this occurs, cease taking this drug and contact Emergency Medical Help immediately.|1. The use of this drug with Iron supplements may diminish the effect of both drugs. 2. When taken with Alcohol, may lead to the development of a severe skin rash.|1. This drug should not be used if you have kidney disease, that is considered to be severe and chronic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have thrombophlebitis, phlebitis, or are anemic. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Using this drug for extended periods should be followed up by periodic medical exams.|Overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting appetite loss, and tremor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Acyclovir (Oral and Topical)||018[ Zovirax Zovirax Ointment| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Acyclovir (oral and topical) prevents the reproduction of virus within a cell host without destroying the host cell.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|Orally - If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose. Topically - Reapply once you remember.|This drug is an Antiviral used to treat herpes infections.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience diarrhea, skin rash, headache, hives, and joint pain while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience abdominal pain, confusion, vomiting, insomnia, hallucinations, dizziness, and trembling. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Interferon or Methotrexate may result in neurological problems when taken with this drug. 2. Consult with your doctor or pharmacist about any medications you may be currently taking that may result in kidney toxicity while using this drug. 3. May result in nerve damage when used with Zidovudine. 4. Probenecid and Amphotericin may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Acyclovir. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have any kidney disease, nerve disorders, or will become pregnant while using this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. The use of this drug for extended periods should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include seizures, hallucinations, and possible shutdown of the kidneys. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Antipyrine and Benzocaine|Analgesics (Topical-Otic)|037d Aurafair Auralgan Aurodex Auromid Oto| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Analgesics (topical-otic) deaden the pain associated with otitis media by working as an anesthetic/analgesic on the eardrum.|Allow approximately 10 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you have remembered then continue on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Analgesic (otic), anesthetic used to treat the pain associated with middle ear infections.|On rare occasions some may experience an itching or burning sensation in the ear when using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Interactions are unlikely with this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any local anesthetic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you suspect your eardrum is ruptured. 3. Extended use of this drug is not recommended|Overdose is unlikely when used as prescribed (topically). However, if this drug is taken orally, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Benzocaine (rectal) Dibucaine (rectal) Pramoxine (rectal) Tetracaine (rectal) Tetracaine and Menthol (rectal)|Anesthetic (Rectal)|031[ Americaine Ethyl Aminobenzoate Fleet Relief Nupercainal Pontocaine Cream Pontocaine Ointment Preparation "H" Proctofoam Tronolane Tronothane| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: for some * Available in generic form? Dibucaine: Yes Anesthetics (rectal), block nerve impulses that cause pain.|Allow approximately 15 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember than retake on revised schedule.|This drug is an Anesthetic, (rectal), used to treat the pain, swelling, and itching associated with hemorrhoids.|On rare occasions some may experience hives, nervousness, blood in urine, trembling, and slow heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. This drug may diminish the anti-infective effect of Sulfa drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any topical anesthetic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have psoriasis, eczema, bleeding hemorrhoids, or an active infection on the treatment site. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug is not recommended.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely. However if taken orally, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Benzocaine (Topical) Butacaine (Topical) Lidocaine (Topical) Triamcinolone in Orabase (Topical)|Anesthetics, Dental (Topical)|031a Americaine Baby Ambesol Baby Orajel Butyn Ethyl Aminobenzoate Hurricaine Orabase with Benzocaine Orajel Rid-A-Pain Spec T T-Caine Tyrobenz Xylocaine Xylocaine Viscous| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: some brands * Available in generic form? Yes: Lidocaine Dental Anesthetics (topical) block nerve impulses that cause pain in the affected area.|Should take effect on contact.|Retake once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Anesthetic, (topical) used to treat the pain associated with toothache, dentures, teething, braces, mouth sores, and to some extent, sore throat.|Life threatening effects can include a slow or irregular heartbeat, anxiety, nervousness, and unusual excitement. If this occurs cease taking this drug and contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience a buzzing or ringing sensation in the ears. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Drug interactions are unlikely with this drug. 2. Alcohol may trigger adverse reactions associated with this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have ever experienced any problems with the brand and generic names listed. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have any active sores or infections in your mouth, had allergic reactions to anything, are currently taking medication for glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, or are taking Sulfa drugs. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Extended use is not recommended.|Overdose symptoms (caused by over absorption) can include vision problems (blurred), drowsiness, dizziness, and seizures. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Benazepril Captopril Enalapril Fosinopril Lisinopril Ramipril|Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors|005Z Altace Apo-Capto Capoten Lotensin Monopril Prinivil Syn-Captopril Vasotec Zestril| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors abate arterial resistance in order to strengthen the heartbeat.|Allow approximately 90 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor used to treat congestive heart failure and high blood pressure.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help and area Poison Control Center Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience swelling of hands, feet, mouth, and face. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. The antihypertensive effect may increase when used with other Antihypertensives, Beta-Adrenergic blockers, Carteolol, and Pentoxifylline. 2. May result in an increase of potassium in the blood when used with Amiloride or Nicardipine. 3. May result in a dangerous drop in blood pressure and excessive blood potassium when used with Nimodipine. 4. May result in kidney damage when used with Pentamidine. 5. May result in a significant drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates. 6. May result in a severe blood pressure drop when used with Diuretics. 7. May diminish the ACE inhibitor effect when used with Diclofenac or Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs. 8. May result in toxic levels of potassium in the blood when used with Potassium Iodide. 9. May result in a significant blood pressure drop when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Lisinopril, Captopril, or Enalapril, have taken medication for cancer, are receiving blood transfusions, have autoimmune disease that include AIDS, or lupus, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease, have a high blood potassium level, have heart or blood vessel diseases, angina, are on a strict salt free diet, or have had a stroke. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may result in a decrease of white blood cells. Periodic medical exams are encouraged while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include fever, chills, low blood pressure, sore throat, convulsions, fainting, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Alcohol and Acetone (Topical) Alcohol an Sulfur (Topical) Sulfurated Lime (Topical)|Anti-Acne, Cleansing (Topical)|080[ Liquimat Seba-Nil Transact Trans-plantar Trans-Ver-sal Tyrosum Liquid Vlem-Dome Vlemasque Vlemickx's solution Xerac| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Anti-Acne Cleansing (topical) drugs aid in removing excess oil from the surface of the skin.|Begins to take effect on contact.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Anti-acne, cleansing agent used to treat acne and oily skin.|On rare occasion some may experience skin burning, swelling, infection, rash and stinging sensation. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in skin irritation and excessive dryness when used with Medicated soaps, after-shave solutions and colognes, Isoretinoin, Mercury compounds, and other skin-peeling agents.|This drug should not be applied over damaged skin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are currently using Sulfur, Tretinoin, Benzoyl Peroxide, Salicylic Acid, or Resorcinol. 3. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 4. Extended use of this drug may result in severe skin drying.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug when it is applied externally (topically). If taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Chloramphenicol (Otic) Desonide and Acetic Acid (Otic) Gentamicin (Otic) Hydrocortisone and Acetic Acid (Otic) Neomycin/ Polymixin B and Hydrocortisone (Otic)|Antibacterials (Otic)|022d Chloromycetin Colistin Neomycin and Hydrocortisone Coly-Mycin S Cortisporin Garamycin Genoptic LazerSporin-C Ortega Otic-M Oticair Otic Tridesilon Solution Otobione Otocort Otoreid-HC Pediotic Pentamycetin Sopamycetin Tridesilon Solution VoSol HC| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Antibacterials (Otic) kill some types of fungus, virus and bacteria found in the external ear canal.|Allow approximately 15 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antibacterial, (otic) used to treat infections of the external ear canal.|On rare occasions some may experience an itching or burning sensation when this drug is applied. May also include swelling and redness during use. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Drug interactions are unlikely with this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Otic Antibacterial drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you believe you have a punctured eardrum. 3. This drug should not be used for extended periods.|Overdose is unlikely when used as directed. However, if taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Chlortetracycline (Topical) Clindamycin (Topical) Erythromycin (Topical) Meclocycline (Topical) Tetracycline (Topical)|Antibacterials for Acne (Topical)|080[ Achromycin Akne-mycin A/T/S Auremycin Cleocin T EryDerm Erycette Erygel Erymax Ery-Sol ETS Meclan Mythromycin Staticin T-Stat Topicycline| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Antibacterials for Acne (topical) kills surface bacteria on the skin and hair follicles.|Allow approximately 1 month for improvement.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antibacterial, (topical) used to treat acne causing skin bacteria.|On rare occasion, if too much of this drug has been absorbed through the skin, some may experience fever, nausea, thirst, appetite loss, abdominal pain, weight loss, and weakness. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in skin irritation and excessive dryness when used with medicated soaps, after-shave solutions, and colognes, other topical Anti-acne preparations, cosmetics, Isoretinoin, Mercury compounds, and other skin-peeling agents.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Erythromycin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have ever experienced an allergic reaction to anything applied to your skin or if you are currently using Tretinoin, Sulfur, Benzoyl Peroxide, Salicylic Acid, or Resorcinol. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Extended use may result in skin irritation.|Overdose is unlikely if used externally (topically). If taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Anisindione (Oral) Dicumarol (Oral) Phenindione (Oral) Warfarin Sodium (Oral)|Anticoagulants (Oral)|001Z Anthrombin-K Carfin Coumadin Danilone Dufalone Hedulin Liquamar Marcumar Marevan Melitoxin Miradon Panwarfin Sofarin Warfilone Warnerin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Oral Anticoagulants block Vitamin K's ability to increase the prothrombin content of the blood.|Allow approximately 2 days for this drug to become effective.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. (Advise your doctor of any doses you may have missed). Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Anticoagulant used to treat blood clots inside blood vessels.|On rare occasion some people may experience bleeding under the skin, bloody vomit, black stools, and coughing up blood. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Any other unusual symptom should be reported to your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The following drugs will, or may, increase the anticoagulant effect of this drug: Acetaminophen, Allopurinol, Amiodarone, Androgens, Antibiotics, oral Antidiabetics, Antihistamines, (may also diminish the effect), Benzodiazepines (may also diminish the effect), Cefixime, Clofibrate, Dextrothyroxine, Fluconazole, Nicardipine, Nimodipine, Omeprazole, and Testolactone. 2. The following drugs will, or may, diminish the anticoagulant effect of this drug: Aminoglutethmide, Antacids, Barbiturates, Calcium supplements, Carbamazepine, Contraceptives, Griseofulvin, and Rifampin. 3. May result in spontaneous bleeding when used with Aspirin. 4. May increase the risk of bleeding when used with Bismuth Subsalicylates, Diclofenac, Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Suprofen. 5. May cause high blood pressure, confusion, and agitation when used with Fluoxetine. 6. May increase or decrease the anticoagulant effect when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have a bleeding problem, ulcerative colitis, active peptic ulcer, or are allergic to any oral Anticoagulants. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have diabetes, liver or kidney disease, high blood pressure, are taking any other medication (prescription or over the counter), have longer than average menstrual periods, have a bladder catheter, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include bloody or black stools, coughing up blood, red colored urine, and bloody vomit. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Paramethadione Trimethadione|Anticonvulsants, Dione-Type|008] Paradione Tridione| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Anticonvulsants (Dione-Type), affect a portion of the cerebral cortex associated with controlling seizures.|Allow approximately 3 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Anticonvulsant, (dione-type) used to treat petit mal seizures.|On rare occasion some people may experience unusual weakness, jaundice, blood in urine, sore throat, vision changes, bleeding gums, fever, mouth sores, swollen lymph glands, unusual bruising or bleeding, and swollen hands, face, feet or legs. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in an increase and/or toxic effects when used with Amiodarone. 2. May increase the anticonvulsant effect when used with Anticoagulants. 3. May increase the chances of seizures when used with Antidepressants (tricyclic) or Antipsychotics. 4. May lead to blood toxicity when used with other Anticonvulsants. 5. May have a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 6. May result in a dangerous Ethinamate effect when used with this drug. 7. May result in an increased depressant effect when used with Guanfacine or Fluoxetine. 8. May result in a dangerous sedative effect when used with Methyprylon. 9. Due to the combined sedative effect, this drug should not be used with any other sedative e.g. (pain pills, sleeping pills, nacotics, etc.). 10. May result in toxicity when used with Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine. 11. May result in damage to the liver as well as seizures when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Anticonvulsant drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have blood or kidney disease, will become pregnant while using this drug, have an eye disease (includes diseases of the optic nerve), or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Periodic medical examinations should be considered if this drug is used for extended periods.|Overdose symptoms can include drowsiness, ataxia (loss of muscle coordination), nausea, bleeding, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Betamethasone (Otic) Decamethasone (Otic) Hydrocortisone (Otic)|Anti-Inflammatory, Steroidal (Otic)|045d Betnesol Cortamed Cortisol Corti-sporin (Otic) Decadron| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Anti-Inflammatory Steroidal (Otic) drugs abate tissue inflammation of the external ear.|Allow approximately 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This is an Adrenocorticoid (Otic), anti-inflammatory, steroidal (otic) used to treat external ear problems to include seborrhea and eczematoid dermatitis.|On rare occasion some may experience redness, itching, burning sensation, and possible swelling when using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Drug interactions are unlikely with this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any otic anti-inflammatory, steroidal drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you believe you have a punctured eardrum. 3. Consult with your doctor to determine the proper dosage for infants and children. 4. Not recommended for extended use.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely when used externally (topically). However, if taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Methimazole Propylthiouracil|Antithyroid|026b Propyl-Thyracil Tapazole Thiamazole| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Antithyroid drugs prevent the excess production of thyroid hormone.|Allow approximately 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihyperthyroid used to treat hyperthyroidism (over active thyroid).|It is not uncommon for some people to experience itching and skin rash when using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience headache, fever, abdominal pain, constipation, muscle pain, joint pain, jaundice, swollen lymph glands, dizziness, swollen eyes, menstrual irregularities, and irritability. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the primary effect of Anticoagulants. 2. May result in suppressing bone marrow if used with Antineoplastic drugs or Chloramphenicol. 3. Clozapine or Tiopronin may result in bone marrow toxicity. 4. May result in diminished Thyroid activity when used with Lithium. 5. May cause toxicity of the liver when used with Alcohol. 6. May result in toxicity of both the Antithyroid and Thioguanine when used together.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Antithyroid drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have blood or liver disease, take Anticoagulants, or have an active infection. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may increase the likelihood of experiencing the adverse effect of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include jaundice, skin spots, bleeding, and unconsciousness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Azathioprine||076^ Imuran| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Azathioprine may be responsible for inhibiting the DNA and RNA synthesis that results in a body's rejection of a transplanted organ.|Allow approximately 2 months for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Immunosuppressant, anti rheumatic used to guard against the body's rejection of a transplanted organ (e.g. heart, lung, etc.). May also be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis as well as other immunologic diseases.|Life threatening effects can include coughing, muscle and joint pain, fever, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), and difficulty breathing. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience painful urination, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, back pain, and fatigue. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in bone marrow toxicity when used with Clozapine or Tiopronin. 2. May result in malignancies or infections when used with other Immunosuppressants. 3. Allopurinol may increase the effect of this drug. 4. May result in a dangerous reaction to Vaccines causing the disease for which the vaccine was intended to prevent to become active.|1. This drug should not be used if you have herpes zoaster or chicken pox. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have an active infection, gout, kidney or liver disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Extended use is not recommended. Periodic medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose is unlikely. However, if greater than prescribed doses are taken contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Ethylestrenol Fluoxymesterone Methyltestosterone Nandrolone Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Stanozolol Testosterone|Androgens|078b Anabolin Anabolin LA 100 Anadrol Anapolon 50 Anavar Andro 100 Andro-Cyp 100 Andro-LA 200 Android Android-F Android-T Androlone Andronaq-50 Andronaq-LA Andronate Andropository 100 Andryl 200 Deca-Durabolin Delatest Delatestryl Dep Andro Depo-Testosterone Depotest Durabolin Duratest Durathate 200 Everone Halotestin Histerone Hybolin Decanoate Hybolin-Improved Kabolin Malogen Malogex Maxibolin Metandren Nancrobolic L.A. Nandrobolic Neo-Durabolic Ora-Testryl Oreton T-Cypionate Testa-C Testamone 100 Testaqua Testex Testoject-50 Testoject-L.A. Testone L.A. Testred Testred-Cypionate 200 Testrin P.A. Virilon Virolon IM Winstrol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Androgens restore hormone inadequacies, quell estrogen production, promotes the production of red blood cells, and accelerates the development of male sex features.|Depends on the nature of the problem. May take up to 3 months for maximum effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Androgen and is used to treat aplastic anemia, osteoporosis, "male menopause" symptoms, dwarfism, undescended testicles in male children, breast-cancer, and breast pain after childbirth. Also used to stimulate weight gain.|Life threatening effects can include weakness, intense itching, and coma. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience nausea, vomiting, yellow eyes or skin, headache, rapid weight gain, depression, skin rash, confusion, vaginal bleeding, swollen feet or legs, scrotum pain, and diarrhea. If this occurs cease taking this drug and contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. Chlorzoxazone, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenobarbital, and Phenylbutazone can diminish the effect of this drug. 2. May increase the effect of Anticoagulants and Antidiabetics. 3. May increase the antidiabetic effect of Insulin. 4. May result in liver toxicity when used with Hepatotoxic drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any type of male hormone. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have male breast cancer, liver or kidney disease, prostate cancer, high blood pressure, epilepsy, migraine headaches, heart disease, or arteriosclerosis, or have a high blood calcium level. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience increased sexual activity while using this drug. May also worsen heart disease, high blood pressure, and enlarged prostate problems. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Consult with your doctor before giving this drug to infants and children. 6. Extended use of this drug may result in a reduction of sperm and semen in males and lead to a voice deepening and unusual hair growth in females. Follow up medical examinations are encouraged after extended use of this drug.|Overdose with this drug is unlikely, however, if larger than prescribed amounts are taken, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Benzphetamine Diethylpropion Fenfluramine Masindol Phendimetrazine Phenmetrazine Phentermine|Appetite Suppressants|064_ Adipex-P Adipost Adphen Anorex Anoxine-AM Bacarate Bontril PDM Bontril Slow release Dapex-37.5 Didrex Dital Dyrexan-OD Fastin Ionamin M-Orexic Marlibar A Mazanor Melfiat-105 Unicelles Metra Nobesine Obalan Obe-Del Obe-Mar Obe-Nix Obephen Obermine Obestin-30 Obeval Obezine Oby-Trim Panrexin M Panrexin MTP Panshape Parmine Parzine Phendiet Phendimet Phentercot Phenterxene Phentra Phentride Phentrol Phenzine Plegine Ponderal Ponderal Pacaps Pondimin Pondimin Extentabs Prelu-2 Preludin-Endurets PT 105 Rexigen Rexigen Forte Sanorex Slynn-LL Span-RD Statobex T-Diet Tega-Nil Tenuate Tenuate Dospan Tepanil Tepanil Ten-Tab Teramin Trimcaps Trimstat Trimtabs Uni Trim Wehless Wehless Timecelles Weightrol Wilpowr X-Trozine X-Trozine LA Zantryl| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Appetite Suppressants stimulate the hunger center of the brain.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|Long-Acting: If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose. Short-Acting: Wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Appetite suppressant used to suppress appetites in order to reduce caloric intake.|On rare occasion some may experience mood changes, pounding heartbeat, skin rash, hives, irregular heartbeat, and difficulty breathing. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious but not uncommon, some people may experience nervousness, insomnia, irritability, and sense of euphoria. If this occurs consult with your doctor during your next visit and make him/her aware of these symptoms.|1. May result in a dangerous over stimulation when used with other Appetite suppressants. 2. May diminish the primary effect of Antihypertensives when used together. 3. May result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors. 4. May decrease the effect of Guanethidine, Hydralazine, Methyldopa, and Rauwolfia Alkaloids. 5. May cause an increase of the stimulant effect when used with Caffeine. 6. May result in increased sedation when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have a history of abusing drugs, have glaucoma, irregular or rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), are allergic to any Phenylpropanolamine or Sympathomimetic drug, used MAO inhibiting drugs within the last 2 weeks, or will become pregnant while using this drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have epilepsy, heart disease, nervous tension, high blood pressure, overactive thyroid, use any non-prescription drugs, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Do not give this drug to children under 12 years of age without medical supervision. Consult with your doctor. 7. Extended use may diminish the effectiveness of this drug. Periodic medical examinations should be considered.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations, convulsions, trembling, irritability, fever, mood changes, insomnia, confusion, disorientation, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Acetohexamide Chlorpropamide Glipizide Glyburide Tolazamide Tolbutamide|Antidiabetic Agents|030b Apo-Chlorpropamide Apo-Tobutamide DiaBeta Diabinese Dimelor Euglucon Glucamide Glucotrol Micronase Mobenol Novobutamide Novopropamide Oramide Orinase Tolamide Tolinase| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: some brands Antidiabetic agents pique the pancreas to produce additional Insulin.|Allow approximately 2 weeks for maximum effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antidiabetic, (oral), sulfonurea used to treat diabetes insipidus and adult diabetics who have problems controlling blood sugar by other means.|On rare occasion some may experience cold sweats, rapid pulse, hunger, anxiety, and difficulty breathing. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience constipation, loss of appetite, diarrhea, heartburn, and stomach pain when using this drug. If this occurs consult with your doctor and make him/her aware of these symptoms.|1. May result in an increase lowering of blood sugar when used with Androgens, Aspirin, Chloramphenicol, Cimetidine, Clofibrate, Epinephrine, Estrogens, Insulin, Labetalol, MAO inhibitors, Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone, Phenyramidol, Probenecid, Ranitidine, Sulfa Drugs and Sulfaphenazole. 2. May result in a decreased lowering of blood sugar when used with Anticonvulsants (Hydantoin), oral Contraceptives, Cortisone drugs, Diuretics (Loop, Thiazide), Guanethidine, Isoniazid, Nicotinic Acid, Phenytoin, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, Beta Blockers and Thyroid Hormones. 3. May result in toxicity when used with Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine together. 4. May increase the effect of Digoxin when used together. 5. May result in a radical drop in blood sugar when used with Fluconazole. Monitor carefully. 6. Avoid Alcohol with this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have kidney or liver problems or are allergic to any Sufonurea drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, or have a major infection. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may increase the likelihood of experiencing the adverse effects of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include rapid heartbeat, nausea, anxiety, cold sweats, weakness, unconsciousness, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Diclofenac Diflunisal Fenoprofen Floctafenine Flurbiprofen Ibuprofen Indomethacin Ketoprofen Meclofenamate Mefenamic Acid Naproxen Phenylbutazone Prioxicam Sulindac Tiaprofenic Acid Tolmetin|Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics, Non-Steroidal|014b Aches-N-Pain Advil Advil Caplets Alka-Butazolidin Alka-Phenylbutazone Alkabutazone Airheumat Amersol Anaprox Anaprox DS Ansaid Apo-Ibuprofen Apo-Indomethacin Apo-Naproxen Apo-Piroxicam Apsifen Apsifen-F Brufen Butacote Butazolidin Butazone Children's Advil Clinoril Dolgesic Dolobid Feldene Fenopron Froben Genpril Haltran Ibren Ibumed Ibuprin Ibupro-600 Ibutex Idarac Ifen Imbrilon Indameth Indocid Indocid SR Indocin Indocin SR Indolar SR Intrabutazone Lidifen Meclofen Meclomen Medipren Midol 200 Motrin Motrin-IB Motrin-IB Caplets Nalfon Nalfon 200 Naprosyn Naprosyn 500 Naxen Novo-Sundac Novobutazone Novomethacin Novonaprox Novopirocam Novoprofen Nuprin Nuprin Caplets Orudis Orudis-E Pamprin-IB Paxofen PediaProfen Phenylone Plus Ponstan Ponstel Profen Progesic Ro-Profen Rufen Surgam Synflex Telectin DS Trendar Voltaren Voltaren SR Voltarol Voltarol Retard| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Some * Available in generic form? Yes: Some Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics (Non-Steroidal) abate prostaglandin buildup in body tissue.|Allow approximately 3 weeks to achieve maximum benefit.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Anti-Inflammatory, non-steroidal used to treat dysmenorrhea, juvenile, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, and symptoms associated with gout and arthritis.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. This is especially possible in Aspirin sensitive people. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help and area Poison Control Center Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience mouth ulcers, intense abdominal pain, muscle cramps, rapid weight gain, blood in urine, hearing loss, rapid heartbeat, painful urination, tingling hands or feet, vision problems, bloody stool, convulsions, and psychosis. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in kidney toxicity when used with Gold compounds or Tiopronin. 2. May result in stomach ulcers when used with Aspirin, Cortisone drugs, and Alcohol. 3. May result in dangerous adverse effects when used with Anti-Inflammatory pain relievers. 4. May diminish the diuretic effect of Diuretics. 5. May result in decreased pain relief when used with Antacids. 6. May decrease the effect of ACE inhibitors and Beta-Blockers. 7. May result in fluid and sodium retention when used with Terazosin. 8. May result in rising blood pressure and producing a rapid heartbeat when used with Thyroid Hormones. 9. May increase the effect of anticoagulants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have high blood pressure, asthma, gastritis, heart failure, peptic ulcer, enteritis, bleeding problems, ileitis, ulcerative colitis, are allergic to any Non-steroidal, Anti-Inflammatory drug or Aspirin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, liver or kidney disorders, or have been treated for mental illness. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Consult with your doctor before giving this drug to anyone under 15 years of age. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may result in weight gain, eye damage, hearing loss, fever, and sore throat. Follow up medical examinations should be scheduled.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions, agitation, severe headache, confusion, incoherence, stomach hemorrhaging, intestinal hemorrhaging, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Betamethasone (Ophtalmic) Dexamethasone (Ophtalmic) Fluorometholone (Ophtalmic) Hydrocortisone (Ophtalmic) Medrysone (Ophtalmic) Prednisolone (Ophtalmic)|Anti-Inflammatory, Steroidal (Ophthalmic)|044c Ak-Dex Ak-Pred Ak-Tate Baldex Betnesol Cortamed Cortisol Decadron Dexair Dexotic Econopred Econopred Plus Flarex Fluor-Op FML Forte FML Liquifilm FML S.O.P I-Methasone I-Pred Inflamase Forte Inflamase-Mild Life-Pred Maxidex Ocu-Dex Ocu-Pred Ocu-Pred-A Ocu-Pred Forte Pred Forte Pred Mild Predair Predair-A Predair Forte Ultra Pred| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Anti-Inflammatory, Steroidal (Ophthalmic) drugs influence cell membranes to make them less sensitive to irritants.|Begins to take effect on contact.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Adrenocorticoid (Ophthalmic); anti-inflammatory, steroidal (Ophthalmic) used to treat eye irritations due to allergies and other annoyances.|On rare occasion some may experience eye pain and vision distortions while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Interactions with oral or injected medications are unlikely with this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Cortisone drugs. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have glaucoma, eye infection (past or present), or tuberculosis or the eye. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug if it is used externally (topically). If taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Astemizole Azatadine Bromodiphenhydramine Brompheniramine Carbinoxamine Chlorpheniramine Clemastine Cyproheptadine Dexchlorpheniramine Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Diphenylpyraline Doxylamine Hydroxyzine Loratadine Phenindamine Pheniramine Phenyltoloxamine Promethazine Pyrilamine|Antihistamines|017Z Actagen-C Cough Actidil Actifed DM Actifed w/Codeine Cough Alamine-C Liquid Aller-Chlor Alleract Allerdryl Allerfrin w/Codeine AllerMax Ambay Cough Ambenyl Cough Ambophen Expectorant Anamine HD Anatuss Anatuss w/Codeine Apo-Dimenhydrinate Atarax Bayaminicol Baydec DM Drops Bayhistine DH Beldin Cough Belix Ben-Allergin-50 Bena-D Bena-D 50 Benadryl Benadryl Complete Allergy Benahist 10 Benahist 50 Benaphen Benoject-10 Benoject-50 Benylin Cough Benylin w/Codeine Benylin-DM Biphetane DC Cough Brexin Bromanate DC Cough Brombay Bromfed-AT Bromfed-DM Bromphen Bromphen DC Bronkotuss Expectorant Bydramine Cough Caldomine-DH Forte Caldomine-DH Pediatric Calm X Calmylin w/Codeine Carbodec DM Drops Cerose-DM Cheracol Plus Chexit Chlo-Amine Chlor-100 Chlor-Niramine Chlor-Pro Chlor-Pro 10 Chlor-Trimeton Chlor-Trimeton Repetabs Chlor-Tripolon Chlorate Chlorphed Chlorspan-12 Chlortab-4 Chlortab-8 Citra Forte Claritin Clistin Co-Apap CoActifed CCodehist DH Codimal-A Codimal DH Codimal DM Codimal PH Colrex Compound Colrex Cough Compoz Comtrex Multi-Symptom Cold Reliever Conjec-B Contac Severe Cold Formula Contac Severe Cold Formula Night Strength Cophene-B Cophene-S Cophene-X Cophene-XP Corcidin w/Codeine Coristex-DH Coristine-DH CoTylenol Cold Medication Cremacoat 4 Throat Coating Cough Medicine Dehist Dexbromphenitamine Dexchlor Diahist Diamine T.D. Dihistine DH Dihydrex Dimentabs Dimetane Dimetane-DC Cough Dimetane-DX Cough Dimetane Expectorant Dimetane Expectorant-C Dimetane Expectorant-DC Dimetane Extentabs Dimetane-Ten Dimetapp-DM Dimetapp w/Codeine Dinate Diphen Cough Diphenacen-10 Diphenacen-50 Diphenadryl Dommanate Donatussin Donatussin Drops Dondril Dormarex 2 Dramamine Dramamine Chewable Dramamine Liquid Dramanate Dramocen Dramilin Dramoject Drixoral Drixoral Plus Dymenate Efficol Cough Whip (Cough Suppressant/Decongestant/Antihistamine) Efricon Expectorant Liquid Father John's Medicine Plus Fenylhist Fynex Genallerate Gravol Gravol L/A Guistrey Fortis Hismanal Hispril Histadyl E.C. Histafed C. Histaject Modified Histalet-DM Histatuss Pediatric Hycomine Hycomine Compound Hycomine-S Pediatric Hydramine Hydramine Cough Hydrate Hydril Hyrexin-50 Improved Sino-Tuss Insomnal Kolephrin/DM Kolephrin NN Liquid Kophane Lanatuss Expectorant Mallergan-VC w/Codeine Marmine Meda Syrup Forte Medatussin Plus Midahist DH Motion-Aid Myhistine DH Myidil Myphetane DC Cough Nasahist B Nauseatol ND Stat Revised Nervine Night-time Sleep-Aid Nolahist Noradryl Nordryl Nordryl Cough Normatane DC Novahistex C Novahistex DH Novahistex DH Expectorant Novahistex DM Novahistine Cough & Cold Formula Liquid Novahistine DH Novahistine DH Expectorant Novahistine DH Liquid Novodimenate Novopheniram NyQuil Nighttime Colds Medicine Nytime Cold Medicine Liquid Nytol w/DPH Omni-Tuss Omnicol Optimine Oraminic II Ornade Expectorant Ornade-DM 10 Ornade-DM 15 Ornade-DM 30 Orthoxicol Cough P-V-Tussin PBZ PBZ-SR Par Decon PediaCare Allergy PediaCare 3 Children's Cold Relief Pediacof Cough Pelamine Penntuss Periactin Pertussin AM Pertussin PM Pfeiffer's Allergy Phanadex Phenergan VC w/Codeine Phenergan w/Codeine Phenergan w/Dextromethorphan Phenetron Phenetron Lanacaps Pherazine VC w/Codeine PMS-Dimenhydrinate Poladex T.D. Polaramine Polaramine Expectorant Polaramine Repetabs Polargen Poly-Histine-CS Poly-Histine-DM Prometh VC w/Codeine Promethazine and Codeine Prominicol Cough Promist HD Liquid Pseudo-Car DM Pseudodine C Cough Pyribenzamine Pyrilamine Maleate Tablets Quelidrine Cough Reidamine Remcol-C Rentamine Rhinosyn-DM Robitussin A-C Robitussin Night Relief Colds Formula Liquid Robitussin w/Codeine Rondec-DM Rondec-DM Drops Ru-Tuss w/Hydrocodone Liquid Ryna-C Liquid Rynatuss Rynatuss Pediatric Sinusol-B Sleep-Eze 3 Snaplets Sominex Liquid T-Koff Tavist Tavist-1 Telachlor Teldrin Thera/Flu & Cough Thera Flu/Cold & Cough Travamine Triacin C Cough Triaminic Expectorant Triaminic Expectorant DH Triaminic Nite Light Triaminic-DM Expectorant Triaminicin w/Codeine Triaminicol DM Triaminicol Multi-Symptom Relief Tricodene Forte Tricodene #1 Tricodene NN Cough and Cold Medication Trifed-C Cough Trimedine Liquid Trind DM Liquid Trinex Trip-Tone Trymegen Tusquelin Tus-Ornade Spansules Tussafed Tussagesic Tussaminic DH Forte Tussaminic DH Pediatric Tussanil DH Tussar DM Tussar SF Tussar-2 Tussionex Tussirex w/Codeine Liquid Tusstat Twilite Ty-Cold Cold Formula Tylenol Cold Formula Unisom Nighttime Sleep Aid Valdrene Vanex-HD Veltane Vicks Formula 44 Cough Mixture Viro-Med Wehamine Wehdryl| * Addiction Potential? Some * Prescription Required? Low Strength No/High Strength Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Antihistamines neutralize or inhibit the action of histamines of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used to treat symptoms of allergies, prevent motion sickness, induce sleep, and lessen the tremors and stiffness associated with Parkinson's disease.|On rare occasion some may experience skin rash, coordination problems, changes in vision, rapid heartbeat, nightmares, weakness, unusual bleeding or bruising, agitation, fatigue and confusion. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious and not uncommon, some may experience nausea, dry nose-mouth-and throat, drowsiness, and dizziness. If this occurs, make your doctor aware of these symptoms during your next visit.|1. May result in excessive sedation when used with Antidepressants, other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-Altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol. 2. May cause an increased effect of Anticholinergic drugs. 3. MAO inhibitors or Sotalol may increase the antihistamine effect of this drug. 4. May cause a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 5. May depress the central nervous system more than expected when used with Nabilone. 6. Dronabinol may increase the effect of both drugs. 7. Molindone may increase both the antihistamine and sedative effect of this drug. 8. May result in increased sedation when used with Procarbazine.|1. This drug should not be used if allergic to any Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, peptic ulcer, glaucoma, enlarged prostate gland, kidney disease, or will be having surgery (including dental) with in the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. When using one of the various generic Antihistamines consult with your doctor about the specific effects and interactions you may expect. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. This drug should not be give to newborn or premature infants unless directed to do so by your doctor. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 8. Extended use of this drug may lead to nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations, convulsions, red face, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Butoconazole (Topical) Clotrimazole (Topical) Econazole (Topical) Miconazole (Topical) Nystatin (Topical) Terconazole (Topical) Tioconazole|Antifungals (Vaginal)|021\ Canesten Cicloprox Ciloxam Ecostatin Femstat Genapax Gentian Violet Gyne-Lotrimin Monistat Monistat 3 Monistat 7 Mycelex-G Myclo Mycostatin Nadostine Nilstat Nyaderm Terazol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: Some Antifungal (Vaginal) drugs attack the cell membrane of fungus.|Allow approximately 2 weeks for maximum benefit.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antifungal (vaginal) used to treat fungus infections commonly found in the vagina.|On rare occasions some women may experience hives, skin rash, increased vaginal discharge, redness, burning sensation, and itching. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Drug interactions with medications taken orally or by injection are unlikely.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any vaginal antifungal treatment or have liver disease. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. Infants and children use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug.|Clioquinol (Topical) Clioquinol (Topical) Iodochlorhydroxyquin (Topical) Iodochlorhydroxyquin and Hydrocortisone (Topical) Naftidine (Topical)|Antibacterials, Antifungals (Topical)|022[ Dermacomb Lotrisone Mycogen Mytrex Naftin Racet Silvadene Thermazene Torofor Tristatin Vioform Vioform-Hydrocortisone| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: Some Antibacterial, Antifungal (topical) drugs kill certain types of bacteria and fungus on contact.|Allow approximately 1 month for this drug to take effect.|Reapply once you remember, then continue based on revised schedule.|This drug is an Antibacterial, antifungal, (topical) used to treat inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema and athlete's foot.|On rare occasion some people may experience swelling, hives, stomach cramps, itching, burning sensation, and skin peeling. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Drug interactions are unlikely with this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Iodine or Clioquinol. 2. Before using this drug consult with you doctor if you have ever experienced an allergic reaction to anything applied to your skin. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Consult with your doctor before using on infants and children.|Overdose symptoms can include diarrhea, vomiting and nausea. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Bacitracin (Topical) Chloramphenicol (Topical) Clindamycin (Topical) Gentamicin (Topical) Mupirocin (Topical) Neomycin (Topical) Neomycin and Polymyxin B (Topical) Noemycin,Polymyxin B and Bacitracin (Topical)|Antibacterials (Topical)|022[ Bactine First Aid Antibioctic Bactroban Chloromycetin Cleocin T Flamazine Foille G-Myticin Garamycin Gentacin Gentafair Gentamar Myciguent Mycitracin Neo-Polycin Neosporin Silvadene Thermazene Topisporan| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Topical Antibacterial drugs kill certain bacteria types by influencing their DNA and RNA.|Allow approximately 24 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antibacterial, (topical) used to treat skin infections.|On rare occasions some may experience a reddening of the skin and itching. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in hypersensitivity when used with other topically applied drugs.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any topically applied drug or Gentamicin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have any open sores or skin lesions. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Consult with your doctor before using on infants and children.|Overdose is unlikely when used externally (topically). However, if taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Chloramphenicol (Ophthalmic) Chlortetracycline (Ophthalmic) Erythromycin (Ophthalmic) Gentamicin (Ophthalmic) Neomycin (Ophthalmic) Neomycin-Polymixin B and Bacitracin (Ophthalmic) Neomycin-Polymixin B and Cortisol (Ophthalmic) Neomycin-Polymixin B and Gramicidin (Ophthalmic) Neomycin-Polymixin B and Hydrocortisone (Ophthalmic) Sulfacetamide (Ophthalmic) Sulfonamides (Ophthalmic) Tetracycline (Ophthalmic)|Antibacterials (Ophthalmic)|022c Achromycin Ak-Chlor Ak-Sulf Alcomincin Aureomycin Bleph-10 Cetamide Chloracol Chlorofair Chloromycetin Chloroptic Chloroptic S.O.P. Cortisporin-Ophthalmic Econochlor Fenicol Gantrisin Garamycin Genoptic Gentacidin Gentafair Gentak Gentamytrex Gentrasul I-Chlor I-Gent I-Sulfacet Ilotycin Isopto Cetamide Isopto Fenicol Mycitracin Neosporin Ocu-Chlor Ocu-Mycin Ocu-Sul-10 Ocu-Sul 15 Ocu-Sul 30 Ocusulf-10 Ophthacet Ophthochlor Pentamycetin Sodium Sulamyd Sopamycetin Spectro-Chlor Spectro-Genta Spectro-Sulf Steri-Units Sulfacetamide Sulfair Sulfair 10 Sulfair 15 Sulfair Forte Sulfamide Sulten-10| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes: Some brands. Ophthalmic Antibacterial drugs prevent the reproduction of certain bacteria.|Allow approximately 10 days for maximum effect.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antibacterial, (Ophthalmic) used to treat eye infections on the surface of the eye.|No adverse effects are likely with this drug.|1. Possible drug interactions are unlikely with injected or oral medications.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any antibiotic used on the skin, ears, rectum, or vagina. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have ever experienced any kind of allergic reaction to anything. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Extended use may result in developing a sensitivity to this drug.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug when used as directed. However, if taken orally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Resorcinol Resorcinol and Sulfur Salicylic Acid Sulfur (Topical) Salicylic Acid & Sulfur|Anti-Acne (Topical)|080[ Acne-Aid Acno Acnomel-Acne Cream Acnomel Cake Acnotex Anti Acne Aveeno Acne Bar Aveeno Cleansing Bar Buf-Bar Buf-Puf Calicylic Clearasil Clearasil Adult Care Medicated Blemish Cream Clearasil Adult Care Medicated Blemish Stick Clear Away Compound W Cuticura Ointment Derma and Soft Creme Duofilm Duoplant Fostex CM Fostex Medicated Cleansing Bar Fostex Medicated Cleansing Cream Fostex Medicated Cleansing Liquid Fostex Regular Strength Medicated Cleansing Bar Fostex Regular Strength Medicated Cleansing Cream Fostex Regular Strength Medicated Cover-Up Fostril Freezone Ionil-Plus Liquimat Listerex Golden Scrub Lotio Alsulfa Mediplast Meted Maximum Strength Anti-Dandruff Shampoo w/Conditioners Night Cast R Noxzema Clear Ups Occlusal Occlusal-HP Off-Ezy OxyClean OxyClean Maximum Strength OxyClean Medicated Cleanser OxyClean Medicated Soap OxyClean Regular Strength P&S Pernox Lemon Medicated Scrub Cleanser Pernox Lotion Lathering Abradant Scrub Cleanser Pernox Lotion Lathering Scrub Cleanser Pernox Lotion Regular Medicated Scrub Cleanser Postacne Propa P.H. R.A. Rezamid-Acne Treatment Salac Salacid Sal-Acid Salactic Film Saligel Salonil Sastid Sastid Plain Sastid Plain Shampoo and Acne Wash Sastid Soap Sebasorb Liquid Sebex Sebulex Antiseborrheic Treatment and Conditioning Shampoo Sebulex Antiseborrheic Treatment Shampoo Sebulex Conditioning Shampoo Sebulex Cream Medicated Shampoo Sebulex Medicated Dandruff Shampoo Sebulex Shampoo Stri-Dex Stri-Dex Maximum Strength Stri-Dex Regular Strength Sulforcin Sulsal Soap Tersac Cleansing Gel Therac Lotion Trans-Ver-Sal Vanseb Wart-Off Xseb| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Some brands * Available in generic form? Yes Topical Anti-Acne drugs accelerate the process of renewing skin cells.|Allow 2 to 6 weeks for maximum effect.|Reapply once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Anti-acne, (topical) used to treat acne, folliculitis, psoriasis, flat warts, and ichthyosis.|On rare occasion some may experience skin swelling, blistering, skin burning, and crusting. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in harsh skin irritation when used with other Anti-acne (topical) preparations, medicated Cosmetics, Alcohol based skin preparations, and abrasive skin treatments.|1. This drug should not be used if the skin is already damaged by windburn, sunburn, open wounds, sores or lesions, or are allergic to Tretinoin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have eczema. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 5. Not recommended for people over 60 years of age.|Overdose is unlikely when used topically. If taken internally contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Captopril and Hydrochlorothiazide Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide|Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors and Hydrochlorothiazide.|006Z Capozide Prinzide Vaseretic Zestoretic| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No ACE inhibitors with Hydrochlorothiazide reduce body fluid, relax muscle tension of the smaller arteries to lower blood pressure, and consequently strengthens the heartbeat.|Allow approximately 6 hours for this drug to take effect and a few weeks to lower your blood pressure.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihypertensive, diuretic (thiazide), ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help and area Poison Control Center Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience muscle cramps, dry mouth, chest pains, skin rash and vomiting. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the antihypertensive effect of other Antihypertensives, Beta-Adrenergic Blockers, Carteolol, Lisinopril, and Sotalol. 2. May lead to blood disorders when used with Chloramphenicol. 3. May result in a diminished hydrochlorothiazide effect when used with Cholestyramine. MAO inhibitors may increase the hydrochlorothiazide effect. 4. May decrease the effect of Allopurinol and Probenecid. 5. May result in excessive blood potassium when used with Amiloride, Spironolactone, Potassium supplements, and Triamterene. 6. May result in a dangerous blood pressure drop when used with Antidepressants (tricyclic) or Alcohol. 7. May result in an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Nitrates. 8. May result in a blood pressure drop if used with Diuretics or Nicardipine. 9. May result in aggravating congestive heart failure and producing an irregular heartbeat when used with Nimodipine. 10. May increase the effect of Lithium.|1. This drug should not be used if you are taking cancer treating drugs, are allergic to any Thiazide Diuretic drug or ACE inhibitor, have any autoimmune disease, are receiving blood transfusions, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a high blood potassium level, angina, heart disease, kidney problems, gout, blood-vessel disease, liver or pancreas disorders, have had a stroke, are allergic to Sulfa drugs, or are on a strict salt free diet. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Periodic medical examinations should be scheduled if this drug is being used for extended periods.|Overdose symptoms can include weakness, cramps, drowsiness, weak pulse, and low blood pressure. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center Immediately.|Acetaminophen and Aspirin Acetaminophen and Salicylamide Acetaminophen and Sodium Salicylate Acetaminophen-Aspirin and Salicylamide|Acetaminophen and Salicylates|037Z Arthralgin Buffets II Duoprin Duradyne Excedrin Gelpirin Gemnisyn Goody's Extra Strength Tablets Goody's Headache Powders Presalin Rid-A-Pain Compound S-A-C Salatin Saleto Salocol Salphenyl Supac Tenol Plus Tri-Pain Trigesic Vanquish| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? No It is believed Acetaminophen affects the pain center of the brain known as the Hypothalamus.|Allow approximately 20 to 30 minutes, can last up to 4 hours.|Retake once you remember and continue based on the revised schedule.|Acetaminophen and Salicylates are an analgesic, fever reducer used for the treatment of fever, mild pain, stiffness, and joint pain associated with rheumatism or arthritis.|Common adverse effects however can include discomfort while urinating, vomiting blood, jaundice, black stool, and nausea. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Antacids or Phenobarbital may diminish the effect of this drug. 2. When taken with Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Alcohol, or Indomethacin this drug may cause ulcers and stomach bleeding. 3. May cause an increased effect when taken with Methotrexate. 4. When taken with Cortisone drugs this drug is likely to increase the effect of the Cortisone and may lead to ulcers and stomach bleeding. 5. When taken with Aspirin or other Salicylates this drug may lead to toxicity.|1. Do not take if allergic to Acetaminophen or any of the Salicylates. 2. Do not take if you have any bleeding disorder or peptic ulcer. 3. Caution should be exercised not exceed the recommended dosage if you are over 60 years of age. May cause liver, kidney, stomach, or intestine problems. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. May increase the risk of contracting Reye's syndrome if given to children under 18 years of age, especially if taken for viral illnesses, fever, chicken pox, and the flu. 6. Extended use of this drug may cause kidney damage.|Overdose symptoms may include rapid breathing, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fever, ringing ears, hallucinations, blood in urine, sweating and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Alclometasone (Topical) Amcinonide (Topical) Beclomethasone (Topical) Betamethasone (Topical) Clobetasol (Topical) Clobetasone (Topical) Clocortolone (Topical) Cortisol Desonide (Topical) Desoximetasone (Topical) Dexamethasone (Topical) Diflorasone (Topical) Diflucortolone (Topical) Flumethasone (Topical) Fluocinolone (Topical) Fluocinonide (Topical) Flurandrenolide (Topical) Halcinonide (Topical) Halobetasol Hydrocortisone (Dental) Hydrocortisone (Rectal) Hydrocortisone (Topical) Methylprednisolone (Topical) Mometasone (Topical) Triamcinolone (Dental) Triamcinolone (Topical)|Adrenocorticoids (Topical)|024[ 9-1-1 Aclovate Acticort-100 Adcortyl Aeroseb-Dex Aeroseb-HC Ala-Cort Ala-Scalp HP Allercort Alphaderm Alphatrex Aristocort Aristocort A Aristocort C Aristocort D Aristocort R Bactine Barriere-HC Beben Beta-Val Betacort Scalp Lotion Betaderm Betaderm Scalp Lotion Betamethacot Betatrex Betnovate Bio-Syn CaldeCORT Anti-itch Calde-CORT-Light Carmol-HC Celestoderm-V Cetacort Cloderm Cordran Cordran SP Cort-Dome Cortacet Cortaid Cortate Cortef Cortef Acetate Cortef Feminine Itch Corticaine Corticreme Cortifair Cotoderm Cortril Cultivate Cyclocort Decaderm Decadron Decaspray Delacort Dermabet Dermacort DermiCort Dermolate-Scalp Itch Dermovate Dermovate Scalp Application Dermtex HC DesOwen Diprolene Diprosone Drenison Ectosone Ectosone Scalp Lotion Efcortelan Elocon Emo-Cort Epifoam Eumovate Florene E Florone Fludonid Fludroxycortide Fluocet Fluocin Fluoderm Fluolar Fluonide Flutex Foille Cort Gly-Cort Gynecort H2 Cort Halciderm Halog Halog E Hi-Cor Hyderm Hydro-Tex Hytone Kenac Kenalog Kenalog-H Keronel Lacticare-HC Lanacort Lemoderm Licon Lidemol Lidex Lidex-E Locacorten Locold Lotrisone Lyderm Maxiflor Maxivate Medrol Metaderm Metosyn Metosyn FAPG My Cort Nerisone Novobetamet Novohydrocort Nutracort Penecort Pentacort Pharma-Cort Prevex B Prevex HC Propaderm Psorcon Racet Rederm Rhulicort S-T Cort Sarna HC Sential Synacort Synalar Synamol Synandone Synemol Temovate Texacort-Scalp Solution Topicort Topsyn Triaderm Trianide Trymex Ultravate Unicort Uticort Valisone Valisone Scalp Lotion Valnac Vioform-Hydrocortisone Westcort| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Some brands * Available in generic form? Yes Adrenocorticoids affect the enzymes that produce inflammation. This is a steroid, but cannot be abused.|Allow approximatey 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Reapply as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Adrenocorticoid (topical,steroid) used in the treatment of itching, redness, swelling, hemorrhoids, and insect bites.|While life-threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience skin irritation, blistering, redness, and infections on the skin. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May decrease the effect of other topical Antibiotics. 2. May decrease the effect of topical Antifungals. |1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any topical Adrenocorticoid (cortisone) preparation. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have stomach ulcers, tuberculosis, diabetes, or if you will become pregnant during the medication period. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience a thinning of the skin.|While overdose is unlikely, if you suspect that this drug was taken either orally or inhaled, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Aluminum, Calcium and Magnesium Antacids||032_ Camolox| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Aluminum, Calcium and Magnesium Antacids neutralize stomach acid, binds excessive phospate in the intestine, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates muscles in the lower portion of the bowel.|Allow approximately 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember. Continue based on the revised schedule. Note: This drug should not be taken simultaneously with any other medication, space doses 2 hours apart.|This drug is an Antacid and is used in the treatment of hyperacidity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer, gastritis, hiatal hernia, esophagitis, and constipation relief.|Life threatening effects can include an irregular heartbeat in people already suffering from heart disease. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a loss of appetite, constipation, distended stomach, and headache. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Anticoagulants, Calcitonin, Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazid, Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicyclic acid, Penicillin, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracycline. 2. The use of this drug with Diuretics may lead to an increase in blood calcium. 3. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Levodopa, Meperidine, Pseudoephedrine, Quinidine, and Salicylates. 4. Alcohol may decrease the Antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have high blood calcium or are allergic to any antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have symptoms of appendicitis, kidney disease, intestinal or stomach bleeding, irregular heartbeat, or have chronic diarrhea, constipation or colitis. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age may experience constipation or diarrhea while using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to impaired kidney function, kidney stones, and weak bones.|Overdose symptoms can include weakness, dry mouth, diarrhea, shallow breathing, fatigue, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Aluminum Hydroxide||032_ Alagel Algenic Alka Alka-mag ALternaGel Alu-Cap Alu-Tab Aludrox Alumid Aluscop Amphojel Basaljel Bisodol Camalox Chemgel Creamalin De Witts Delcid Di-Gel Dialume Dioval Ex Ducon Estomul-m Gaviscon Gelusil Kolantyl Kolantyl Wafers Kudrox Lowsium Maalox Magmalin Magnagel Magnatril Maox Marblen Max-Ox 40 Maxamag M.O.M. Mucotin Mygel Mylanta Neosorb Plus Nephrox Neutracomp Neutralca-S Par-mag Pepsogel Phillips Milk of Magnesia Ratic Riopan Robalate Rolaids Rulox Spastoced Sterazolidin Tralmag Univol Uro-Mag Vanquish Win Gel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Aluminum Hydroxide neutralizes stomach acid, binds excessive phosphate in the intestines and retards the protein breaking action of pepsin.|Allow approximately 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Start retaking once you remember, and continue based on revised schedule. Do not take simultaneously with other drugs.|Aluminum Hydroxide is an Antacid, Antidiarrheal medication used for the treatment of diarrhea, peptic ulcer, gastritis, hiatal hernia, esophagitis, as well as for symptoms of acid indigestion and heartburn.|Although no life threatening effects are likely some may experience a loss of appetite and or constipation. However infrequent, the use of this drug may cause muscle weakness, lower abdominal pain, swollen ankles or wrists, and bone pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effectiveness of the following drugs: Penicillin, Sulfa drugs, Tetracycline, Phenylbutazone, Pentobarbital, Nalidixic Acid, Norfloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Anticoagulants, Chlorpromazine, Oxyphenbutazone, Ciprofloxacin, and Iron supplements. 2. The use of this drug may also increase the effect of both Meperidine and Pseudoephedrine. 3. Alcohol may diminish the effect of this drug as an antacid.|1. Should not be taken if you are allergic to any type of antacid. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. If over 60 years of age you might experience constipation or diarrhea. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have stomach or intestinal bleeding, symptoms of appendicitis, kidney disease, or chronic constipation, diarrhea, or colitis. 6. The use of this drug over extended periods may lead to a weakening of the bones.|Overdose symptoms may include dizziness, weakness, and fatigue. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Alumina and Magnesia Alumina and Magnesium Carbonate Alumina,Magnesium Carbonate and Magnesium Oxide Alumina and Magnesium Trisilicate Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate and Magnesia Dihydroxyaluminum, Aminoacetate,Magnesia and Alumina Magnesium Trisilicate,Alumina and Magnesia|Aluminum and Magnesium Antacids|032_ Algenic Alka Algenic Alka Improved Alka-Med Alma-Mag Aludrox Alumid Aluscop Amphojel 500 Creamalin Delcid Diovol Ex Estomul-M Gaviscon Gelamal Gelusil Gelusil Extra Strength Kolantyl Kudrox Lowsium Maalox Maalox No. 1 Maalox No. 2 Maalox TC Magmalin Magnagel Magnatril Mintox Mylanta-2 Plain Neosorb Plus Neutracomp Neutralca-S Riopan Rolox Rulox Rulox No. 1 Rulox No. 2 Tralmag Univol WinGel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Aluminum and Magnesium Antacids neutralize stomach acid, binds excessive phosphate in the intestine, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates muscles in the lower portion of the bowel.|Allow approximately 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect when used as an antacid.|Start retaking when you remember, and continue based on the revised schedule. Avoid taking at the same time as other medications.|This drug is an Antacid used in the treatment of diarrhea, peptic ulcer, gastritis, hiatal hernia, esophagitis, as well as for symptoms of acid indigestion and heartburn.|Life threatening effect can be experienced by people with a history of heart disease and may cause irregularity of the heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. It is not uncommon for some to experience a loss of appetite, headache, constipation, and distended stomach. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effectiveness of the following drugs: Anticoagulants (oral), Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazid, Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Penicillins, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracycline. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Meperidine and Pseudoephedrine.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any antacids. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have a history of kidney disease, appendicitis symptoms, chronic diarrhea, colitis, constipation, or intestinal or stomach bleeding. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age may experience constipation or diarrhea. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. The use of this drug over extended periods may lead to a weakening of the bones.|Overdose symptoms can include shallow breathing, weakness, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Alumina,Magnesia and Simethicone Magaldrate and Simethicone Simethicone,Alumina,Magnesium Carbonate and Magnesia.|Aluminum, Magnesium, Magaldrate and Simethicone Antacids.|043_ Alma-Mag 4 Improved Amacone Almacone II Alma-Mag Improved Alumid Plus Amphojel Plus AntaGel AntaGel II Di-Gel Diovol Gelusil Gelusil-II Gelusil-M Maalox Plus Mi-Acid Mygel Mygel II Mylanta Mylanta-2 Mylanta-2 Extra Strength Mylanta-II Newtrogel II Riopan Plus Silain-Gel Simaal Gel Simaal 2 Gel Simeco| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Aluminum, Magnesium, Magaldrate, and Simethicone Antacids neutralize stomach acid, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates muscles in the lower portion of the bowel.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect. |Start retaking when you remember, and continue based on the revised schedule. Avoid taking at the same time as other medications.|This drug is an antacid, antiflatulent used in the treatment of abdominal gas retention, relief or diarrhea or constipation, heartburn, acid indigestion, peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis, and hiatal hernia.|People with a history of heart disease may experience a life threatening irregularity of the heartbeat. If this occurs, contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Other effects may include a loss of appetite, headache, distended stomach, and constipation. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of the following drugs: Anticoagulants (oral), Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazid, Nalidixic acid, Norfloxoacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Penicillin, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracycline. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Meperidine, Levodopa, and Pseudoephedrine. 3. Alcohol may decrease the antacid effect of this drug.|1. Do not take this drug if you are allergic to any antacid. 2. Consult with your doctor before taking this drug if you have a history of kidney disease, appendicitis symptoms, chronic constipation, diarrhea, colitis, intestinal or stomach bleeding. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. May cause constipation in people over 60 years of age. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. The extended use of this drug may lead to a weakening of the bones.|Overdose symptoms can include shallow breathing, dry mouth, fatigue, dizziness, weakness, diarrhea, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Aluminum, Magnesium and Sodium Bicarbonate Antacids.||032_ Gas-Is-Gone Triconsil| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Aluminum, Magnesium and Sodium Bicarbonate Antacids neutralize stomach acid, binds excessive phosphate in the intestine, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates muscles in the lower bowel.|Allow approximately 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, and continue based on the revised schedule. Note: This drug should not be taken simultaneously with any other medication, space doses 2 hours apart.|This drug is an antacid, antiflatulent used in the treatment of hyperacidity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, heartburn, indigestion, peptic ulcer, esophagitis, gastritis, hiatal hernia, diarrhea, and constipation.|Life threatening effects can include an irregular heartbeat in people already suffering from heart disease. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience a loss of appetite, constipation, distended stomach, and headache. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of oral Anticoagulants, Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazide, Nalidixic acid, Norfloxacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Penicillin, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracycline. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Levodopa, Meperidine, and Pseudoephedrine. 3. Alcohol may decrease the antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have stomach or intestinal bleeding, liver or kidney disease, high blood pressure, symptoms of appendicitis, congestive heart failure, chronic constipation, colitis, or diarrhea. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience diarrhea or constipation while using this drug. 6. The use of this drug over extended periods may cause a weakening of the bones.|Overdose symptoms can include weakness, fatigue, dry mouth, diarrhea, shallow breathing, dizziness, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Benzocaine (Topical) Benzoccaine and Menthol (Topical) Butacaine (Topical) Butamben (Topical) Capsaicin Cyclomethycaine (Topical) Dibucaine (Topical) Diperodon (Topical) Dyclonine (Topical) Lidocaine (Topical) Lidocaine and Prilocaine Pramoxine (Topical) Tetracaine (Topical) Tetracaine and Menthol (Topical).|Anesthetics (Topical).|031[ Americaine Aminobenzoate Axsain Bactine Benzocal Butesin Picrate Butyl Aminobenzoate Cinchocaine Ethyl Aminobenzoate Lignocaine Mercurochrome II Nupercainal Cream Nupercainal Ointment Pontocaine Cream Pontocaine Ointment Prax Tronothane Unguentine Unguentine Plus Unguentine Spray Xylocaine Zostrix| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Topical Anesthetics are used to inhibit or block pain impulses from the skin to the brains pain center.|Allow 5 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect. |Use as needed or according to the package instructions.|This drug is an Anesthetic (Topical) used in the treatment of insect bites, sunburn, hemorrhoid itch, minor skin irritation, and abrasions.|While life threatening effects are highly unlikely, a rare few may experience hives, itching, trembling, dizziness, blood in urine, inflammation, dizziness, or blurred vision. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. This drug may decrease the effectiveness of Sulfa drugs.|1. Should not be used if you are allergic to any topical anesthetics. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have had severe psoriasis or eczema, bleeding hemorrhoids, or an active skin infection. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast feeding consult with your doctor before using. 5. Extended use of this drug (for more than 3 days) may lead to excessive absorption through the skin. 6. Package instructions should be strictly followed when used on infants and children.|If inhaled or swallowed overdose symptoms can include trembling, nervousness, dizziness, and seizures. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Alumina an Magnesia Alumina and Magnesium Carbonate Alumina and Magnesium Trisilicate Alumina,Magnesia and Calcium Carbonate Alumina,Magnesia and Simethicone Alumina,Magnesium Trisilicate and Sodium Bicarbonate Aluminum Carbonate Basic Aluminum Hydroxide Calcium and Magnesium Carbonates Calcium Magnesium Carbonates and Magnesium Oxide Calcium Carbonate Calcium Carbonate and Magnesia Calcium Carbonate and Simethicone Calcium Carbonate,Magnesia and Simethicone Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate,Magnesia and Alumina Dihydroxyaluminum Sodium Carbonate Magaldrate Magaldrate and Simethicone Magnesium Carbonate and Sodium Bicarbonate Magnesium Hydroxide Magnesium Oxide Magnesium Trisilicate,Alumina and Magnesium Carbonate Magnesium Trisilicate,Alumina and Magnesia Simethicone,Alumina,Calcium Carbonate and Magnesia Simethicone,Alumina,Magnesium Carbonate and Magnesia|Antacids|032_ Advanced Formula Di-Gel Alamag Algenic Alka Algenic Alka Improved Algicon Alka-Mints Alkets Alma-Mag Improved Alma-Mag #4 Improved Almacone Almacone II ALternaGel Alu-Cap Alu-Tab Aludrox Alumid Alumid Plus Alumid Plus II Amitone Amphojel Amphojel Plus Amphojel Plus Amphojel 500 AntaGel AntaGel-II Antiflux Basaljel Bisodol Calcilac Calcitrel Calglycine Camalox Chooz Creamalin Delcid Di-Gel DialumeDicarbosil Diovol Ex Diovol Plus Duracid Equilet Escot Gas-is-gon Gaviscon Gaviscon Extra Strength Relief Formula Gaviscon-2 Gelamal Gelusil Gelusil Extra Strength Gelusil-M Gelusil-II Genalac Glycate Gustalac Kilantyl Kudrox Double Strength Liquimint Losotron Plus Lowsium Lowsium Plus Maalox Maalox No. 1 Maalox No. 2 Maalox Plus Maalox Plus, Extra Strength Maalox TC Maalox Whip, Extra Strength Mag-Ox 400 Magmalin Magnagel Magnatril Mallamint Maox Mi-Acid Mintox Mygel Mygel II Mylanta Mylanta-2 Extra Strength Mylanta-2 PlainMylanta-II Nephrox Neutralca-S Newtrogel II Noralac Pama No. 1 Par-Mag Parviscon Phillips' Milk of Magnesia Riopan Riopan Extra Strength Riopan Plus Riopan Plus 2 Riopan Plus Extra Strength Robalate Rolaids Rolaids Calcium Rich Rolaids Sodium Free Rulox Rulox No. 1 Rulox No. 2 Silain-Gel Simaal Gel Simaal 2 Gel Spastosed Tempo Titracid Titralac Titralac Plus Tralmag Triconsil Tums Tums E-X Tums Liquid Extra Strength Tums Liquid Extra Strength w/Simethicone Univol Uro-Mag WinGel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes: Some Antacids neutralize stomach acid an retard the protein breaking action of pepsin.|Allow approximately 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule. Avoid taking with other medications.|This drug is an Antacid used to treat gastritis, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia, esophagitis and hyperacidity of the upper gastrointestinal tract.|Life threatening effects are possible in some with heart disease and include an irregular heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a loss of appetite, constipation, headache, and distended stomach while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasions some may experience vomiting, mood changes, bone pain, nausea, weight gain, dizziness, swollen feet and ankles, muscle pain, and increased urination frequency. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May reduce or diminish the effect of Chlorpromazine, Digitalis preparation, Iron supplements, Isoniazid, Ketoconazole, Methenamine, Nalidixic acid, Nicardipine, Nizatidine, Oxyphenbutazone, Penicillin, Para-Aminosalicylic acid, and Tetracyclines. 2. May result in kidney problems when used with Ciprofloxacin. 3. May increase the effect of Levodopa, Meperidine, Pseudoephedrine, and Salicylates. 4. Alcohol can diminish the effect of Antacids.|1. This drug should not be used if you have a high blood calcium level or are allergic to any type of antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have intestinal bleeding, diarrhea, chronic constipation, stomach bleeding, irregular heartbeat, kidney disease, colitis, or have symptoms of appendicitis. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience constipation or diarrhea while using this drug. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may result in kidney problems and elevate your blood calcium level to a point where it adversely effects your electrolyte balance. Periodic medical exams are encouraged.|Overdose symptoms can include weakness, dry mouth, fatigue, shallow breathing, diarrhea, bone pain, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Amphoteracin B (Topical) Clotrimazole (Topical) Econazole (Topical) Ketoconazole (Topical) Miconazole (Topical) Naftifine (Topical) Nystatin (Topical) Tolnaftate (Topical) Undecylenic Acid (Topical)|Antifungals (Topical)|021[ Aftate Caldesene Medicated Powder Ciloxam Canesten Cruex Decylenes Desenex Ecostatin Exelderm Flamazine Flint SSD Fungizone Genaspore Gordochom Solution Litrosone Lotrimin Micatin Monistat-Derm Mycelex Mycelex Troches Myclo Mycostatin Nadostine Naftin Nilstat Nizoral Shampoo NP 27 Nyaderm Nystex Pitrex Sivadene Spectazole Thermazene Tinactin Ting Zeasorb-AF| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Some brands * Available in generic form? No Topical Antifungals attack and destroy the protective cell walls that surround the fungus.|Allow approximately 6 to 8 weeks to for maximum effect of this drug.|Continue use when you remember, following the recommended dosage and schedule.|This drug is an Antifungal used in the treatment of Fungus infections to include nail fungus, sun fungus, jock itch, scalp ringworm and athlete's foot.|While no life threatening effects are likely, some may experience an itching sensation, swelling and possible redness on the treated areas. Note: Creams may stain clothing.|1. None suspected.|1. Do not use if you have allergic reactions to Chlortrimazole or any topical antifungals. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a history of any allergic reactions to anything that touches your skin. 3. If pregnant or breast feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Consult with doctor before using drug on infants and children.|While overdose symptoms are highly unlikely, if a child happens to ingest this drug contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Aspirin||014Z 217 217 Strong 8-Hour Bayer Timed Release A.S.A. A.S.A. Enseals Acetylsalicylic Acid Alka-Seltzer Effervescent Pain Reliever and Antacid Alka-Seltzer Plus Anacin APAC Improved APF Arthritic Pain Formula Arthinol Arthritis Pain Formula Artria S.R. Ascriptin Ascriptin A/D Aspergum Astrin Bayer Bayer Timed-Release Arthritic Pain Formula Bexophene Buffaprin Bufferin Buffinol Cama Arthritis Reliever Coricidin w/Codeine Coryphen Darvon Compound Easprin Ecotrin Empirin Enseals Entrophen Equagesic Excedrin Lanorinal Magnaprin Magnaprin Arthritis Strength Maprin Maprin I-B Measurin Mepro Analgesic Norgesic Norwich Aspirin Novasen P-A-C Revised Formula Presalin Rhinocaps Riphen Roboxisal Sal-Adult Salatin Saleto Sal-Infant Salocol Supac Supasa Synalgos Triaphen Viro-Med Zorprin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Aspirin suppresses pain by affecting the Hypothalamus part of the brain, retards the prostaglandin effect, and keeps blood vessels open and flowing freely.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on revised schedule.|This drug is an Analgesic, anti-inflammatory (salicylate) used in the treatment of fever, pain, inflammation, and symptoms of rheumatism and arthritis.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Other symptoms may include vomiting and nausea and require immediate medical attention. Less severe symptoms can include ringing ears indigestion, and heartburn.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effectiveness of the following drugs: Acebutolol, ACE inhibitors, Allopurinol, Antacids, Furosemide, Minoxidil, and Oxprenolol. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Anticoagulants, Penicillin, Cortisone drugs and Methotrexate. 3. The use of this drug may lead to stomach ulcers and or bleeding when used with the following: Cortisone drugs, Indomethacin, Ketoprofen, and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 4. The use of this drug with Alcohol may lead to stomach bleeding and irritation. 5. When used with Antidiabetics (oral) may lead to low blood sugar. 6. May produce Aspirin toxicity when used with other Aspirin drugs, Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid, and Para-aminosalicylic acid. |1. Should not be taken if you need to cut down on the amount of sodium in your daily diet. 2. Should not be taken if you have bleeding disorders, or peptic ulcers of the stomach or duodenum. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Should not be given to children under 18 years of age for viral illnesses such as the flu or chicken pox as it increases the risk of Reye's syndrome. 5. If over 60 years of age may lead to stomach or intestine bleeding. 6. The use of this drug over extended periods may lead to kidney damage.|Overdose symptoms can include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, ringing ears, rapid deep breathing, hallucinations, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Atropine||068\ Arco-Lase Plus Atrohist L.A. Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride & Atropine Sulfate Tablets Donnagel-PG Donnatal Capsules Donnatal Elixer Donnatal Extentabs Donnazyme Lomotil Liquid Lomotil Tablets Motofen Tablets Ru-Tuss Urised| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Atropine blocks the nerve impulses at the parasympathetic nerve endings. Prevents muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow approximately 30 minutes to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used in the treatment of bronchial spasms of the bladder, urethra, and digestive system.|While no life threatening effects are likely, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a rapid heartbeat, confusion, and delirium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious effects can include nausea, vomiting, constipation and diminished sweating. If this occurs, continue medication, but make your doctor aware of these reactions as soon as possible.|1. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Amantadine, Anticholinergics, Antidepressants tricyclics, Antihistamines, Disopyramide, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Ophenadrine, Phenothiazines, and Quinidine. 2. When used with the following drugs may lead to an increase in internal-eye pressure: Cortisone drugs, Haloperidol and Nitrates.|1. This drug should not be used if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, stomach bloating, severe ulcerative colitis, or are allergic to any anticholinergic drugs. 2. Should not be used before first consulting with your doctor if you have angina, liver disease, open-angle glaucoma, chronic asthma or bronchitis, peptic ulcer, enlarged prostate, hiatal hernia, myasthenia gravis, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use may cause fecal impaction. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. 7. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include rapid pulse, rapid breathing, slurred speech, fever, confusion, hallucinations, agitation, dilated pupils, flushed face, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Amobarbital Aprobarbital Butabarbital Mephobarbital Metharbital Pentobarbiital Phenobarbital Secobarbital Secobarbital and Amobarbital Talbutal|Barbiturates|086Y Alurate Amytal Ancallxir Barbased Barbita Butalan Butalbital Buticaps Butisol Gardenal Gemonil Lotusate Caplets Luminal Mebaral Nembutal Nova Rectal Sarisol No. 2 Seconal Solfoton Tuinal| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Barbiturates block nerve impulses at the nerve connections.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Sedative, hypnotic (barbiturate) used to treat anxiety, nervous tension, epileptic seizures, and as a sleep inducer.|On rare occasion some may experience skin rash, fever, sore throat, breathing problems, chest pain, swelling of the face jaundice (yellow eye and skin color), agitation, and a slow heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less severe, however common, some may experience drowsiness, dizziness, and a feeling of "hangover". If this occurs make your doctor aware of theses symptoms during your next visit.|1. May result in DEATH when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in dangerous over sedation when used with Antidepressants (tricyclic), Antihistamines, Carteolol, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotic, Pain relievers, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Sotalol, Tivalproex, and Tranquilizers. 3. May decrease the effect of oral Anticoagulants, Aspirin, Beta-Adrenergic blockers, Carbamazepine, oral Contraceptives, Doxycycline, and Griseofulvin. 4. Valproic Acid, MAO inhibitors, Carteolol, and oral Antidiabetics may increase the barbiturate effect of this drug. 5. Dextrothyroxine may decrease the effect of this drug. 6. May produce a toxic effect on the central nervous system when used with Clozapine. 7. Nabilone may result in increasing the depressant effect on the central nervous system.|1. This drug should not be used if you have porphyria, consume any alcoholic beverage, or are allergic to any Barbiturate. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have anemia, asthma, epilepsy, chronic pains, liver or kidney disorders, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may result in anemia, addiction, chronic intoxication, lower body temperature, and should be followed up by periodic medical exams.|Overdose symptoms can include difficulty breathing, weak pulse, deep sleep, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Belladonna||068\ Bellergal Kinesed| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Belladonna blocks the nerve impulses at the parasympathetic nerve endings. Prevents muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow 15 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used in the treatment of spasms of the bladder, urethra, and digestive system.|While no life threatening effects are likely, it is not uncommon for some to experience a rapid heartbeat, confusion, and delirium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less severe effects can include constipation, nausea, vomiting, decreased sweating, and ringing ears. If this occurs advise you doctor the next time you talk to him/her of your reactions to the drug.|1. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Amantadine, Anticholinergics, Antidepressants tricyclic, Antihistamines, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines, and Quinidine. 2. The following drugs may decrease the effectiveness of this drug: Guanethidine, Resperpine, and Vitamin C. 3. The following drugs may increases internal-eye pressure when taken with this drug: Cortisone drugs, Haloperidol, and Nitrates. 4. This drug may decrease the effect of Metoclopramide. 5. When taken with oral Potassium supplements may cause intestinal ulcers.|1. This drug should not be used if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, stomach bloating, severe ulcerative colitis, or are allergic to any anticholinergic drugs. 2. Should not be used before first consulting your doctor if you have angina, fast heartbeat, open-angle glaucoma, liver disease, chronic asthma or bronchitis, hiatal hernia, enlarged prostate, myasthenia gravis, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use may cause fecal impaction. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|Overdose symptoms can include rapid pulse, rapid heartbeat, flushed face, slurred speech, fever, dilated pupils, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, agitation, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Benzoyl Peroxide||080[ 5-Benzagel 10-Benzagel Acetoxyl Acne-5 Acne-10 Acne-Aid Acne-Mask Acnomel B.P.5 Ben-Aqua 2 1/2 Ben-Aqua 5 Ben-Aqua 10 Benoxyl-5 Benoxyl-10 Benzac W 5 Benzac W 10 Benzamycin Buf-Oxal 10 Clear By Design Clearasil BP Plus Clearasil Maximum Strength Medicate Anti-Acne Clearasil Medicated Anti-Acne Cuticura Acne Del-Aqua 5 Del-Aqua 10 Dermoxyl Dermoxyl Aqua Desquam-E Desquam-X Dry and Clear Dry and Clear Double Strength Fostex Fostex Bar H2 Oxyl Loroxide Neutrogena Acne Mask Noxzema Clear-Ups Maximum Strength Noxzema Clear-Ups On-the-Spot Oxy-5 Oxy-10 Oxyderm PanOxyl PanOxyl AQ Persa-Gel Persa-Gel W PHisoAc BP Propa P.H. Acne Cover Stick Propa P.H. Liquid Acne Soap Sti-Dex-Maximum Strength Treatment Topex Vanoxide Xerac BP 5 Xerac BP 10 Zeroxin-5 Zeroxin-10| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Benzoyl Peroxide is used to cause both skin peeling and drying.|Allow 7 to 14 days for this drug to take effect.|Continue when you remember, based on the packaged instructions.|This drug is an Antiacne (topical) drug used in the treatment of acne.|While life threatening effects are highly unlikely, some may experience exceptional dryness of the skin and a rash. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. This drug may cause excessive skin irritation when used with other Antiacne (topical) medications or skin-peeling agents such as Salicylic acid, Sulfur, Resorcinol, and Tretinoin.|1. Should not be taken if you are allergic to Benzoyl Peroxide. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. Use over extended periods may lead to scarring or a permanent rash.|While overdose is unlikely, if this drug is ingested contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Bisacodyl||038_ Apo-Bisacodyl Bisac-Evac Bisacolax Bisco-Lax Carter's Little Pills Cenalax Clysodrast Codylax Dacodyl Deficol Dulcolax Fleet Bisacodyl Fleet Bisacodyl Prep Fleet Enema Laxit Theralax| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Bisacodyl is used to affect the smooth muscles of the intestinal walls in order to produce hearty bowel movements and relieve constipation.|Allow approximately 10 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. Note: This drug should not be taken simultaneously with other medications, space doses 2 hours apart.|This drug is a Laxative, stimulant and is used in the treatment of constipation.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience rectal irritation while using this drug. On rare occasion some may experience a dangerous loss of potassium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug with Antihypertensives, or Diuretics may lead to a dangerously low potassium level. 2. The use of this drug with Cimetidine, Famotidine, or Ranitidine may lead to irritation of the stomach or bowel.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any stimulant laxative, have symptoms of appendicitis, inflamed bowel, or intestinal blockage, and have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, diabetes, rectal bleeding, congestive heart disease, colostomy, ileostomy, laxative habit, or are taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. The use of this drug over extended periods, (1 week), may lead to laxative dependency. 6. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug.|Overdose symptoms include vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Buclizine||033] Bucladin-S| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No / Yes: in Canada * Available in generic form? No Retards nerve sensitivity in the inner ear thereby blocking the feeling of motion sickness and the need to vomit.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember. Wait 4 hours before your next dose. Continue based on revised schedule.|This drug is an Antihistamine, antiemetic used in the treatment of motion sickness.|It is not uncommon for some to experience drowsiness. On rare occasion some may experience hives or rash. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may increase the effect of both this drug and Anticholinergics, Antidepressants (tricylic), Narcotics, Pain Relievers, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, and Tranquilizers. 2. Amphetamines may decrease drowsiness caused by this drug. 3. The use of this drug may cause a dangerous increase in the effects of Ethinamate. 4. The use of this drug may cause a dangerous increase in the sedative effect of Methyprylon. 5. MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 6. Dronabinol may increase the effect of this drug. 7. The use of this drug may increase the depressant effect of both this drug and Fluoxetine and Guanfacine. 8. The use of this drug with Alcohol may cause increased sedation.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Cyclizine, Buclizine, or Meclizine, or have taken MAO inhibitors within the last 2 weeks. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have ever had an adverse reaction to any Antihistamine, have glaucoma, or have enlargement of the prostate gland. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age with enlarged prostate gland may experience impaired urination while using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include confusion, incoordination, drowsiness, shallow breathing, stupor, hallucinations, weak pulse, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Caffeine||061Z Amaphen Anacin Anoquan A.P.C. Aspirin Compound w/Codeine Cafergot Cafermine Cafetrate Caffedrine Citrated Caffeine Dexitac Esgic Excedrin Extra Strength Fendol Florinal G-1 Capsules Korigesic Lanorinal Nodoz Pacaps P-A-C Compound w/Codeine Propoxyphene Compound Quick Pep S-A-C Salatin Saletod Salocol Supac Synalgos Synalgos-DC Tirend Triaminicin Trigesic Two-Dyne Vanquish Vivarin Wigraine| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Caffeine both stimulates the central nervous system and constricts the walls of blood vessels.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a stimulant (xanthine), vasoconstrictor used in the treatment of migraine and vascular headache, drowsiness, and fatigue.|While no life threatening effects are likely it is not uncommon for some people to experience irritability, rapid pulse, rapid heartbeat, low blood sugar, hunger, anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, and increased urine output. |1. When this drug is taken with MAO inhibitors it may lead to a dangerous rise in blood pressure. 2. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Cimetidine, Contraceptives (oral), and Isoniazid. 3. This drug will decrease the effect of Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol. 4. This drug may lead to over stimulation when used with Sympathomimetics or Cocaine.|1. Should not be taken if you are allergic to any stimulant, have history of heart disease, or have an active peptic ulcer of the duodenum or stomach. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have epilepsy, irregular heartbeat, or hypoglycemia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. The use of this drug over extended periods may lead to stomach ulcers.|Overdose symptoms can include insomnia, excitement, rapid heartbeat (slow in infants), convulsions, hallucinations, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Calcium Carbonate||032_ Alka-mints Alka-2 Alkets Amitone Bio Cal Calcet Calcilac Calcitrate 600 Calglycine Cal-Sup Caltrate Camalox Chooz Dicarbosil Ducon El-Da-Mint Equilet Fosfree Gustalac Iromin-G Mallamint Mission Natacomp-FA Natalins Nu-Iron-V Os-Cal Os-Cal 500 Pama No. 1 Pramet FA Pramilet FA Prenate 90 Ratio Suplical Theracal Titracid Titralac Trialka Tums Tums E-X Zenate| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Calcium Carbonate neutralizes stomach acid, retards the protein breaking action or pepsin, and augments the body's need for calcium.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antacid, dietary supplement used in the treatment of peptic ulcers, esophagitis, gastritis, hiatal hernia, hyperacidity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and calcium deficiency.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience muscle weakness, lower abdominal pain, bone pain, and a swelling of the wrists or ankles. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious symptoms can include a loss of appetite and constipation.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Anticoagulants, Calcitonin, Chlorpromazine, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Nalidixic acid, Oxyphenbutazone, Penicillin, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Phenytoin, Quinidine, Salicylates, Sulfa drugs, Tetracycline, and Vitamin A. 2. This drug may increase the effect of Meperidine and Pseudoephedrine. 3. Alcohol may decrease the antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you have a high blood calcium level or are allergic to any type of Antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have an irregular heartbeat, appendicitis symptoms, stomach or intestinal bleeding, kidney disease, chronic constipation, colitis, or diarrhea. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to kidney problems or damage and electrolyte imbalance.|While life threatening reactions are unlikely, overdose symptoms can include dizziness, fatigue, weakness, and confusion. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Calcium and Magnesium Antacids||032_ Advanced Formula Di-gel Alkets Bisodol Calcitrel Marblen Noralac Ratio Spastosed| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Calcium and Magnesium Antacids neutralize stomach acid, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates muscles in the lower portion of the bowel.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. Avoid taking at the same time with other medications.|This drug is an Antacid used in the treatment of constipation relief, hyperacidity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer, esophagitis, gastritis, and hiatal hernia.|Life threatening effects can be experienced by those people with a history of heart disease and result in heartbeat irregularity. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help immediately. Other symptoms not uncommon to some include a loss of appetite, headache, constipation, and distended stomach. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effectiveness of: Anticoagulants (oral), Calcitonin, Chlorpromazine, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazid, Nalidixic acid, Oxypyhenbutazone, Penicillin, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, and Sulfa drugs. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Levodopa, Meperidine, Pseudoephedrine, Quinidine, and Salicylates. 3. Alcohol may diminish the antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any antacid or have a high blood calcium level. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have symptoms of appendicitis, irregular heartbeat, kidney disease, bleeding of the stomach or intestines, or suffer from chronic constipation, colitis or diarrhea. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Use of this drug over extended periods may lead to kidney problems or damage and the possibility of electrolyte imbalance.|While life threatening reactions are unlikely, overdose symptoms can include diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, dry mouth, shallow breathing, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Calcium Carbonate Calcium Citrate Calcium Glubionate Calcium Gluconate Calcium Glycerophosphate and Calcium Lactate Calcium Lactate Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Tribasic Calcium Phosphate|Calcium Supplements|039e BioCal Calbarb 600 Calci-Chew Calciday Calcite Calphosan Caltrate Citracal Gencalc Mega-Cal Neo-Calglucon Nephro-Calci Os-Cal Oysco Oyst-Cal Oystercal Posture Rolaids-Calcium Rich Super Calcium 1200 Tums Tums E-X| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Some Brands * Available in generic form? Yes Calcium Supplements provide additional calcium to the body.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antihypocalcemic, dietary replacement used in the treatment of osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, or insufficient dietary calcium.|Life threatening effects can include a very slow or irregular heart rate. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some people may experience a loss of appetite, dry mouth, weakness, constipation, diarrhea, weakness, and headache. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of oral Anticoagulants, Calcitonin, Chlorpromazine, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Nalidixic acid, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Penicillin, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sulfa Drugs, and Tetracyclines. 2. When used with Diuretics (thiazide) may increase the level of calcium in the blood. 3. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Meperidine, Quinidine, and Salcylates. 4. Alcohol may lead to a decreased absorption of calcium.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to calcium or have a high blood calcium level. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, kidney stones, diarrhea, malabsorption, or sarcoidosis. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose symptoms can include bone pain, confusion, irregular heartbeat, depression, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Cascara||038_ Aromatic Cascara Fluidextract Cascara Sagrada Cas-Evac Milk of Magnesia-Cascara Peri-Colace Caroid Laxative Nature's Remedy| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Cascara is used to affect the smooth muscles of the intestinal walls in order to provide hearty bowel movements and relieve constipation.|Allow approximately 10 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you have remembered, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative, stimulant used in the treatment of constipation. |It is not uncommon for some to experience some rectal irritation while using this drug. On rare occasion some can experience a dangerous loss of potassium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May cause irritation of the small intestine or stomach when used with Antacids or Ranitidine. 2. When taken with Digoxin, may cause increase toxicity due to a decreased potassium level. 3. May cause a dangerously low potassium level when taken with Diuretics.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any stimulant laxative, have symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, or inflamed bowel. This drug should not be used if your bowel movement is only 1 or 2 days late. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, high blood pressure, a laxative habit, diabetes, congestive heart disease, take other laxatives, have colostomy or ileostomy. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. The use of this drug over extended periods (more than 1 continuous week) may lead to laxative dependency. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug.|Overdose symptoms may include vomiting. While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, if you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Acebutolol||013Z Sectral Monitan| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Retards nerve impulses in the heart, blocks sympathetic nervous system actions, and reduces specific blood vessel contractions.|Allow approximately 4 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember then continue based on the revised schedule. Allow 3 hours between doses.|This drug is a Beta-Adrenergic blocking agent used to treat high blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms.|It is not uncommon for some to experience a substantial slowing of the heart rate (below 50 beats per minute). If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience headache, anxiety, fever, skin rash, insomnia, difficulty breathing, nightmares, sore throat and hallucinations. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May produce an excessive drop in blood pressure when used with Alcohol. 2. May result in an excessive blood pressure rise when MAO inhibitors or Clonidine are being used then discontinued. 3. May create blood sugar control problems when used with Antidiabetics. 4. The antihypertensive effect may be increased when used with ACE inhibitors, Anesthetics, Antihypertensives, Diuretics, and Pentoxifylline. 5. May deteriorate congestive heart failure when used with Calcium-Channel blockers. 6. The antihypertensive effect may be diminished when used with Ketoprofen and other Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs. 7. May result in decreased blood pressure when used with Nitrates. 8. May either increase or decrease heartbeat when used with Digitalis preparations. 9. May result in an increased tranquilizer effect when used with Molindone. 10. May extend the hypoglycemic effect of Insulin when used together. 11. May result in excessively slow heartbeat and blood pressure when used with Reserpine. 12. May decrease the effect of both drugs when used with Sympathomimetics and Xanthine Bronchodilators. 13. May increase the effect of both drugs when used with Verapamil. 14. Timolol eyedrops may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have asthma, hay fever symptoms, are allergic to any Beta-Adrenergic blockers, or have taken MAO inhibitors within the last two weeks. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have an overactive thyroid, asthma, emphysema, hay fever, heart disease, chronic bronchitis, poor circulation, diabetes, hypoglycemia, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to weakened heart muscle contractions.|Overdose symptoms can include weak pulse, breathing difficulties, lowered blood pressure, weakness, fainting, cold/sweaty skin, and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Castor Oil||038_ Alphamul Emulsoil Fleet Flavored Castor Oil Fleet Prep Kit Granulex Hydrisinol Kellogg's Castor Oil Neoloid Purge Stimuzyme Plus Unisoil| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Castor Oil is used to affect the smooth muscles of the intestinal walls in order to provide hearty bowel movements and relieve constipation.|Allow up to 6 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember and then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative (stimulant) used in the treatment of constipation.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some to experience rectal irritation. On rare occasion this drug may cause muscle cramps, difficulty breathing, headache, and a dangerous loss of potassium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may cause a dangerously low potassium level when used with Antihypertensives or Diuretics.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any stimulant laxative, show symptoms of appendicitis, have inflamed bowel or intestinal blockage, or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, have high blood pressure, have a ileostomy or colostomy, have congestive heart disease, or take other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. The use of this drug over extended periods may lead to laxative dependence.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, overdose symptoms can include vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Charcoal, Activated||028_ Acta-Char Acta-Char Liquid Actadose-Aqua Actidose Aqueous Charcodote Arm-a-Char Charcoaid Charcoalanti Dote Charcocaps Charcodote Insta-Char Liquid-Antidose SuperChar| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Activated Charcoal naturally absorbs poisons that may have been introduced to the stomach and intestines.|The effects of this drug begin almost immediately.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antidote (absorbent) used in the treatment of poisoning due to medication overdose. This drug is also used in the treatment of diarrhea and gaseousness.|While life threatening effects are quite unlikely, it is not uncommon for some to experience black bowel movements.|1. When taken at the same time as any other medication this drug may diminish the absorption rate of that medication.|1. As an antidote this drug should not be taken with poisons that include ethyl or methyl alcohol, cyanide, iron, sulfuric acid (and other strong acids), lye, and other strong alkalis. 2. Consult with your doctor or Poison Control Center before using this drug to treat infants or children. 3. When using this drug to treat infants and children for diarrhea, consult with your doctor before continuing the dosage for more than 3 days.|While no life threatening symptoms are likely, if you suspect an overdose (taking a larger than required amount) contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Clemastine||017[ Tavist| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Clemastine blocks the histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic symptoms such as hives, itching, skin rash, and hay fever.|It is not uncommon for some to experience nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, dry nose and dry throat. On rare occasion some may experience fever, nightmares, vision changes, irritability, rapid heartbeat, sore throat, fatigue, weakness, and unusual bruising or bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may cause excessive sedation when taken with Antidepressants, other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol. 2. May increase the anticholinergic effect when taken with Anticholinergics. 3. MAO inhibitors may increase the effects of this drug. 4. Molindone may increase the antihistamine effect of this drug. 5. Dronabinol may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, asthma, glaucoma, enlarged prostate gland, peptic ulcer, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty urinating and decreased alertness. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may cause nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms may include hallucinations, red face, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Cyclizine||033] Marezine Marzine| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No / Yes: in Canada * Available in generic form? No Cyclizine retards nerve sensitivity in the inner ear and prevents motion sickness and the need to vomit.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then wait 4 hours before taking your next dose, continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antihistamine, antiemetic used in the treatment of motion sickness.|It is not uncommon for some to experience drowsiness while using this drug. On rare occasion some may experience skin rash, hives, or jaundice. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May cause a dangerously increased effect of Ethinamate when taken with that drug. 2. May cause a dangerously high sedative effect when taken with Methyprylon. 3. May cause an increase in both drugs when taken with Anticholinergics, Antidepressants (tricyclic), Narcotics, Pain Relievers, Sedatives, Sleep Inducers, and Tranquilizers. 4. May cause increased sedation when taken with Alcohol. 5. May increase the effect of this drug when taken with Dronabinol or MAO inhibitors. 6. Amphetamines may diminish the drowsiness caused by this drug. 7. Guanfacine may cause an increase of the depressant effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you have taken MAO inhibitors within the past 2 weeks or are allergic to Cyclizine, Buclizine, or Meclizine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have glaucoma, enlargement of the prostate gland or have experienced an adverse reaction to any Antihistamine. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age may experience impaired urination with enlarged prostate. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include confusion, drowsiness, shallow breathing, weak pulse, incoordination, stupor, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Cyclophosphamide||076Z Cytoxan Neosar Procytox| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Cyclophosphamide suppresses the body's immune system and kills cancerous cells.|Requires approximately 10 consecutive days to become effective.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Immunosuppressant used in the treatment of skin disease, cancer, blood-vessel disease, and severe rheumatoid arthritis.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a fever and a sore throat while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May cause anemia when taken with Allopurinol. 2. May increase the possibility of infections when taken with Cyclosporine. 3. This drug may increase the antidiabetic effect of oral Antidiabetics. 4. May cause increased effect of Insulin. 5. Phenobarbital may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you have an infection, bloody urine, are allergic to any alkylating agent, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have had X-rays or chemotherapy, impaired liver or kidney function, have taken any cortisone medications within the last year, or have bone marrow or blood cell production problems. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should drink at least 2 quarts of fluid every day while taking this drug in order to prevent bladder inflammation. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may lead to cancer, jaundice, fibrous lung tissue, swelling of the lower legs and feet, and infertility in men.|Overdose symptoms can include weight gain, fluid retention, bloody urine, and severe infection. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Naphazoline (Ophthalmic) Tetrahydroziline (Ophthalmic)|Decongestants (Ophthalmic)|059c Ak-Con Albalon Allerest Clear Eyes Comfort Degest 2 Estivin II I-Naphline Murine Muro's Opcon Nafazair Naphcon Naphcon Forte Napholine Ocu-Zoline Opcon VasoClear Vasocon Visine| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Some brands * Available in generic form? Yes Ophthalmic Decongestants constrict the small blood vessels of the eye.|Allow approximately 10 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Decongestant, ophthalmic used in the treatment of eye strain, redness, itching, burning, irritation caused by allergies, rubbing, dust, colds, contact lenses, and swimming.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience an increase in eye irritation while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Interactions with oral or injected medications is unlikely.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any decongestant (ophthalmic) eye drops. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have eye disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, or take Maprolitine or Antidepressants. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should not be used for more than 3 or 4 consecutive days.|Overdose is unlikely when used as prescribed, externally. However, if taken internally, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Dehydrocholic Acid||038_ Bilax Cholan-HMB Decholin Hepahydrin Neolax Trilax| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Dehydrocholic Acid is used to affect the smooth muscles of the intestinal walls in order to produce hearty bowel movements and relieve constipation.|Allow approximately 10 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative, stimulant used in the treatment of constipation.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience some rectal irritation while using this drug. On rare occasion some may experience a dangerous loss of potassium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May cause a dangerous loss of potassium when taken with Antihypertensives or Diuretics.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver disease, symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, or inflamed bowel, are allergic to any Laxative stimulant, or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, enlarged prostate gland, diabetes, congestive heart disease, ileostomy, colostomy, a laxative habit, or are taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Extended use (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency. 6. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Dextromethorphan||093Y 2/G-DM Cough Actifed DM Ambenyl-D Decongestant Cough Formula Anatuss Anti-Tuss DM Expectorant Balminil DM Bayaminicol Baydec DM Drops Bayer Cough Syrup for Children Baytussin DM Benylin DM Benylin Expectorant Cough Formula Bromfed-AT Broncho-Grippol-DM Carbodec DM Drops Cerose-DM Cheracol D Cough Cheracol Plus Chexit Co-Apap Codimal DM Codistan No. 1 Colrex Cough Comtrex Multi-Symptom Cold Reliever Conar Conar-A Conar Expectorant Concentrin Congespirin Contac Jr. Children's Cold Medicine Contac Severe Cold Formula Contac Severe Cold Formula Night Strength Coricidin Cough CoTylenol Cold Medication Cremacoat 1 Cremacoat 3 Throat Coating Cough Medicine Cremacoat 4 Throat Coating Cough Medicine DayCare Delsym Dimacol Dimetane-DX Cough Dimetapp-DM DM Cough DM Syrup Donatussin Dondril Dorcol Children's Cough Efficol Cough Whip (Cough Suppressant/Decongestant) Efficol Cough Whip (Cough Suppressant/Decongestant/Antihistamine) Efficol Cough Whip (Cough Suppressant/Expectorant) Father John's Medicine Plus Glycotuss-dM Guiamid D.M. Liquid Guiatuss-DM Halls Mentho-Lyptus Decongestant Cough Formula Halotussin-DM Expectorant Histalet-DM Hold Hold (Children's Formula) Improved Sino-Tuss Iotuss-DM Kiddy Koff Koffex Kolephrin/DM Kolephrin GG/DM Kolephrin NN Liquid Kophane Mediquell Mediquell Decongestant Formula Mytussin DM Naldecon-DX Naldecon Senior DX Neo-DM Noratuss II Liquid Novahistex DM Novahistine Cough and Cold Formula Liquid Novahistine DMX Liquid NyQuil Nighttime Colds Medicine Nytime Cold Medicine Liquid Omnicol Ornade-DM 10 Ornade-DM 15 Ornade-DM 30 Orthoxicol Cough PediaCare 1 PediaCare 3 Children's Cold Relief Pertussin 8 Hour Cough Formula Pertussin AM Pertussin CS Pertussin PM Phanatuss Phenergan w/Dextromethorphan Poly-Histine-DM Prominicol Cough Pseudo-Car DM Quelidrine Cough Queltuss Remcol-C Rhinosyn-DM Rhinosyn DMX Expectorant Rhinosyn-X Robidex Robitussin-CF Robitussin-DM Robitussin-DM Cough Calmers Robitussin Night Relief Colds Formula Liquid Rondec-DM Rondec-DM Drops Ru-Tuss Expectorant Saleto-CF Sedatuss Silexin Cough St. Joseph for Children Sucrets Cough Control Sudafed Cough Sudafed DM Syracol Liquid Terphan Terpin-Dex Thera Flu/Cold & Cough Tolu-Sed DM Cough Triaminic-DM Cough Formula Triaminic-DM Expectorant Triaminic Nite Light Triaminicol DM Triaminicol Multi-Symptom Relief Tricodene Forte Tricodene NN Cough and Cold Medication Tricodene Pediatric Trimedine Liquid Trind DM Liquid Trocal Tusquelin Tussafed Tussagesic Tussar DM Tuss-DM Tussi-Organidin DM Liquid Ty-Cold Cold Formula Tylenol Cold Medication Tylenol Cold Medication, Non-Drowsy Unproco Vicks Children's Cough Vicks Formula 44 Cough Mixture Vicks Formula 44D Decongestant Cough Mixture Vicks Formula 44M Multi-symptom Cough Mixture Viro-Med| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes, some * Available in generic form? No Dextromethorphan suppresses nerve impulses to the brain's cough center.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Once you have remembered, retake and then wait 3 hours for your next dose, and continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Cough Suppressant and is used in the treatment of coughs associated with bronchitis, flu, allergies and lung disorders.|While no life-threatening effects are likely, on rare occasion some people may experience nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, rash and stomach pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug with MAO inhibitors may cause a high fever, drop in blood pressure, disorientation, and a loss of consciousness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to Dextromethorphan. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have impaired liver function or asthma attacks. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. In people over 60 years of age this drug may cause drowsiness, constipation, or unsteadiness. 5. Follow package instructions when giving to infants and children. Do not increase the recommended dose without consulting with your doctor first. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations (both visual and auditory), euphoria, shallow breathing, decreased coordination, over activity, staggering, a sense of intoxication and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Dicyclomine||068\ A-Spas Antispas Bentyl Bentylol Byclomine Dibent Di-Cyclonex Dilomine Di-Spaz Forulex Lomine Neoquess Or-Tyl Protylol Spasmoban Spasmoject Viscerol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Dicyclomine blocks nerve input at the parasympathetic nerve endings. Prevents muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used in the treatment of spasms of the bladder, urethra, and digestive system.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include faintness, skin rash, hives and intense itching. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience delirium, rapid heartbeat, and confusion. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Amantadine, other Anticholinergics, Antihistamines, Buclizine, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines, Quinidine, and Antidepressants (TCA). 2. May cause decreased absorption effect of Digitalis. 3. Antacids may diminish the absorption effect of this drug. 4. May cause an increase in internal-eye pressure when taken with Haloperidol, Nitrates, or Cortisone drugs. 5. May cause intestinal ulcers when taken with oral Potassium tablets. 6. May result in the diminished effect of Pilocarpine in glaucoma treatment.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any anticholinergic, have narrow-angle glaucoma, severe ulcerative colitis, trouble emptying your bladder, or have stomach bloating. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, chronic asthma or bronchitis, angina, open angle glaucoma, hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer, myasthenia gravis, enlarged prostate gland, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may lead to fecal impaction or chronic constipation. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|Overdose symptoms can include fever, rapid pulse, blurred vision, dilated pupils, flushed face, rapid breathing, dizziness, slurred speech, convulsions, confusion, hallucinations, agitation, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Dimenhydrinate||033[ Apo-Dimenhydrinate Calm X Dimentabs Dinate Dommanate Dramaban Dramamine Dramilin Dramocen Dramoject Dymenate Eldodram Gravol Hydrate Marine Marmine Motion-Aid Nauseatol Novodimenate PMS-Dimenhydrinate Reidamine Travamine Trav-Arex Vertiban Wehamine| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Dimenhydrinate blocks the histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used in the vomiting treatment of motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, symptoms of hay fever, hives, rash, and itching. This drug is also used to induce sleep.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Less serious symptoms not uncommon in some people can include nausea, drowsiness, dry mouth, eye and nose, and dizziness. |1. The use of this drug may cause excessive sedation when used with Antidepressants, other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol. 2. MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 3. Molindone may increase the antihistamine effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have enlarged prostate, asthma, kidney disease, glaucoma, peptic ulcer or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. In people over 60 years of age this drug may cause a decrease in alertness and difficulty urinating. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. The use of this drug over extended periods may lead to damage to both nerve cells and bone marrow.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations, red face, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Diphenhydramine||033] Allerdryl Ambenyl Expectorant Beldin Bena-D Benadryl Benadryl Children's Allergy Benadryl Complete Allergy Benahist Bendylate Benoject-10 Benylin Cough Syrup Caladryl Compoz Diahist Dihydrex Diphen Diphenacen Diphenadril Eldadryl Fenylhist Fynex Hydramine Hydril Hyrexin-50 Insomnal Nervine Nighttime Sleep-Aid Noradryl Nordryl Nytol Nytol with DPH Phen-Amin Robalyn SK-Diphenhydramine Sleep-Eze Sleep-Eze 3 Sominex Sominex Formula 2 SominiFere Tusstat Twilite Valdrene Wehydry| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Diphenhydramine blocks the histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used to treat motion sickness, allergic symptoms, tremors and stiffness associated to Parkinson's disease and may also be used as a sleep inducer.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience nausea, dry mouth, nose and throat, drowsiness, and dizziness while using this drug. On rare occasion some may experience fever, sore throat, change in vision, nightmares, rapid heartbeat, agitation, irritability, weakness, fatigue, and unusual bruising or bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may cause excessive sedation when used when used with: Antidepressants, other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers, Molindone, and Alcohol. 2. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics. 3. Oral Anticoagulants may diminish the effect of this drug. 4. Dronabinol and MAO inhibitors may increase the effects of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, kidney disease, peptic ulcer, glaucoma, enlarged prostate, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience diminished alertness and difficulty urinating while using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may result in nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations, red face, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Diphenylpyraline||017Z Diafen Hispril| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? No Diphenylpyraline blocks the histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic symptoms and as a sleep inducer.|It is not uncommon for some to experience dry nose, mouth and throat, dizziness, drowsiness, and nausea. If this occurs continue taking this drug and consult with your doctor on your next visit.|1. The use of this drug may cause excessive sedation when used with Antidepressants, other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind -altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers, and Alcohol. 2. Molindone may increase the effect of both drugs. 3. Dronabinol may increase the antihistamine effect of this drug. 4. Oral Anticoagulants may decrease the effect of this drug. 5. Anticholinergics may result in an increased anticholinergics effect. 6. MAO inhibitors increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, asthma, glaucoma, enlarged prostate gland, peptic ulcer, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Not recommended for newborn or premature infants, consult with your doctor. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience diminished alertness and difficulty urinating while using this drug. 6. Extended use may lead to nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include red face, hallucinations, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Docusate Potassium Ducosate Sodium||038_ Afko-Lube Bilax Bu-Lax Colace Colax Coloctyl Dialose Dilax Diocto Diocto-K Dioeze Diosuccin Dio-Sul Disonate Di-Sosul Doctate Doss Doxidan Doxinate D-S-S Duosol Laxagel Laxinate Laxinate 100 Liqui-Doss Modane Soft Molatoc Neolax Peri-Colase Pro-Sof Pro-Sof Liquid Concentrate Pro-Sof Plus Regulax SS Regulex Regutol Senokot-S Stulex Therevac Plus Therevac-SB Trilax| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Docusate Potassium and Docusate Sodium increase the fluid holding capacity of stool in order to allow for easier passage through the bowel.|Allow approximately 3 days for these drugs to take effect.|Retake once you remember then wait 12 hours before taking the next dose, continue based on the revised schedule.|These drugs are laxative, emollients used to treat constipation.|On rare occasion some may experience a skin rash while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May cause liver damage when used with Danthron. 2. May cause toxic absorption when used with Digitalis preparations. 3. Should not be used with Mineral Oil. 4. May result in toxicity when used with Phenolphthalein.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any emollient laxative or have symptoms of appendicitis. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are currently taking other laxatives or believe your constipation may be a sign of a serious disorder. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should drink at least 8 glasses of fluid a day while using this drug. 6. Extended use may lead to damage of the intestinal lining.|Overdose symptoms can include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and appetite loss. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ephedrine||020Y Benadryl w/Ephedrine Broncholate Bronkotuss Ectasule Minus Ephed II Ephed-Organidin Ephedrine and Amytal Ephedrine and Nembutal-25 Ephedrine and Seconal Primatene Pyribenazmine w/Ephedrine Quadrinal Quelidrine Tedfern Tedral| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Ephedrine constricts blood vessel size, relaxes bronchial tube muscles, and prevents cells from releasing histamines and suppresses the resultant allergic reactions caused by the release of those histamines.|Allow 30 minutes to 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Sympathomimetic used in the treatment of bronchial asthma, congested breathing passages, and allergic reactions.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some to experience headache, nervousness, insomnia, paleness, and rapid heartbeat.|1. The use of this drug with Albuterol will increase the effect of both drugs and increase the chances of experiencing adverse effects. 2. The use of this drug with Antidepressants (tricylic) will increase the Ephedrine effect and cause an inordinate stimulation of both the heart and blood pressure. 3. The use of this drug with Ergot preparations may result in a significant rise in blood pressure. 4. The use of this drug with Digitalis preparations may cause severe heart rhythm disturbances. 5. The use of this drug with MAO inhibitors may result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure as well as increase the Ephedrine effect. 6. This drug may increase the effect of Epinephrine and Pseudoephedrine.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Ephedrine or any Sympathomimetic drug. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have difficulty urinating, have diabetes, have high blood pressure, have taken any MAO inhibitor within the last 2 weeks or Digitalis preparations within the last 7 days, have an overactive thyroid, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age may experience heart-rhythm disturbances, high blood pressure, and angina. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. The use of this drug for extended periods may lead to toxic psychosis if the doses are excessive. May also make urinating difficult for men with enlarged prostate glands.|Overdose symptoms can include muscle tremors, confusion, severe anxiety, rapid heartbeat, irregular pulse and delirium. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ferrous Gluconate||039e Apo-Ferrous Gluconate Fergon Ferralet Ferralet Plus Ferrous-G Fertinic Fosfree Glytinic I.L.X. B-12 Iromin-G Megadose Mission Novoferrogluc Simron| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No: Without Folic Acid * Available in generic form? Yes Ferrous Gluconate stimulates the production of hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying part of the red blood cells).|Allow approximately 1 to 3 weeks for maximum effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Mineral Supplement (iron) used to treat iron deficiency anemia and diet.|Life threatening effects can include a weak, rapid heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, people using this drug may more than likely experience a graying or blackening of their stool.|1. May diminish the Iron effect when used with Acetohydroxamic Acid and Cholestyramine. 2. May cause organ damage when used with Alcohol. 3. May decrease the effect of Tetracyclines. 4. May lead to excess iron in the liver when used with Allopurinol or other Iron supplements. 5. Antacids may cause poor iron absorption.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any iron supplement, have hemolytic anemia, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, acute hepatitis, or take iron injections. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have colitis, peptic ulcer, enteritis, had stomach surgery, or will become pregnant while using this drug. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. Overdose is common and dangerous in this age group. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience hemochromatosis using this drug. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may lead to hemochromatosis.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, stomach pain, lethargy, pallor, weakness, weak and rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing, convulsions, collapse, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Ferrous Sulfate||039Z Apo-Ferrous Sulfate Feosol Fer-In-Sol Fer-Iron Fero-folic-500 Fero-Grad Fero-Gradumet Ferospace Ferralyn Ferra-TD Geritol Tablets Iberet Mol-Iron Novoferrosulfa PMS Ferrous Sulfate Slow-Fe| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No: Without Folic Acid * Available in generic form? Yes Ferrous Sulfate stimulates the production of hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying part of the red blood cell).|Allow approximately 1 to 3 weeks for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Mineral Supplement (iron) and is used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia as well as dietary iron deficiency.|Life threatening effects can include a rapid yet weak heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a graying or blackening of their stool while using this drug.|1. Cholestyramine and Sulfasalazine can decrease the iron effect. 2. Acetohydroxamic Acid can diminish the effect of both drugs. 3. Allopurinol may lead to excess iron storage in the liver. 4. Antacids may cause low iron absorption. 5. Chloramphenicol may adversely effect the formation of hemoglobin and red blood cells when used with this drug. 6. When used with Alcohol may result in organ damage.|1. This drug should not be used if you have acute hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, are allergic to any Iron supplement or tartrazine dye, take iron injections. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have had stomach surgery, pancreatitis, hepatitis, peptic ulcer, colitis or enteritis. 3. If planning to become pregnant, pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. Overdose is common and very dangerous in this age group. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may result in hemochromatosis, liver damage, impotence, diabetes, and heart problems. This drug should not be used for extended periods of time.|Overdose symptoms can include blue hands, lips and fingernails, weakness, shallow breathing, collapse, pallor, rapid heartbeat, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Folic Acid||073[ Apo-Folic Folvite Novofolacid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: High Strength No: In Vitamin Supplements * Available in generic form? Yes Folic Acid assists in the formation of red blood cells. *Note: Folic acid is available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|The time allowed for this drug to take effect has not been determined yet.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a vitamin supplement used in the treatment of folic acid deficiency and is necessary for normal growth and development.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience a yellow coloring of their urine.|1. The use of this drug may be decreased when taken with Analgesics, Anticonvulsants, Chloramphenicol, oral Contraceptives, Cortisone drugs, Methotrexate, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Pyrimethamine, Triamterene, and Trimethoprim. 2. This drug may decrease the effect of Zinc.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Vitamin B. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have pernicious anemia or liver disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug.|While overdose is unlikely and nor is it apt to be life threatening, if you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Guaifenesin Phenylpropanolamine||057Y 2/G-DM Cough Adatuss D.C. Expectorant Alamine Expectorant Ambenyl-D Decongestant Cough Formula Amonidrin Anatuss Anatuss with Codeine Anti-Tuss Anti-Tuss DM Expectorant Balminil Banex Banex-LA Bayaminic Expectorant Bayhistine Expectorant Baytussin AC Baytussin DM Benylin Expectorant Cough Formula Breonesin Brexin Broncholate Bronkotuss Expectorant Cheracol Cheracol D Cough CoActifed Expectorant Codiclear DH Codimal Expectorant Codistan No. 1 Colrex Expectorant Conar-A Conar Expectorant Concentrin Conex Conex w/Codeine Liquid Congess Jr. Congess Sr. Coricidin Cough Cremacoat 2 Cremacoat 3 Throat Coating Cough Medicine C-Tussin Expectorant DayCare Deproist Expectorant w/Codeine Detussin Expectorant Dilaudid Cough Dimacol Dimetane Expectorant Dimetane Expectorant-DC Donatussin Donatussin DC Donatussin Drops Dorcol Children's Cough Dura-Vent Efficol Cough Whip (Cough Suppressant/Expectorant) Entex Entex LA Entex Liquid Entuss-D Entuss Expectorant Entuss Pediatric Expectorant Father John's Medicine Plus Fedahist Expectorant Fedahist Expectorant Pediatric Drops Fendol Gee-Gee GG-Cen Genatuss Glyate Glycotuss Glycotuss-dM Glydeine Cough Guaifed Guaifed-PD Guaipax Guiamid D.M. Liquid Guiatuss A.C. Guiatuss-DM Guiatussin w/Codeine Liquid Guistrey Fortis Gulatuss Halotussin Halotussin-DM Expectorant Head and Chest Histalet X Humibid L.A. Humibid Sprinkle Hycotuss Expectorant Hytuss Hytuss-2X Isoclor Expectorant Kiddy Koff Kolephrin GG/DM Kwelcof Liquid Lanatuss Expectorant Malotuss Myhistine Expectorant Mytussin AC Mytussin DAC Mytussin DM Naldecon Naldecon-CX Naldecon-DX Naldecon-EX Naldecon Senior DX Noratuss II Liquid Nortussin Nortussin w/Codeine Novahistex DH Expectorant Novahistine DH Expectorant Novahistine DMX Liquid Novahistine Expectorant Nucofed Expectorant Nucofed Pediatric Expectorant Ornade Expectorant Pertussin CS Phanatuss Phenhist Expectorant Polaramine Expectorant Poly-Histine Expectorant Plain Prominic Expectorant Pseudo-Bid Pseudo-Hist Expectorant P-V-Tussin Queltuss Respaire-60 SR Respaire-120 SR Respinol-G Respinol LA Resyl Rhinosyn-DMX Expectorant Rhinosyn-X Robafen Robitussin Robitussin with Codeine Robitussin A-C Robitussin-CF Robitussin-DAC Robitussin-DM Robitussin-DM Cough Calmers Robitussin-PE Ru-Tuss Expectorant Rymed Rymed Liquid Rymed-TR Ryna-CX Liquid Silexin Cough Sinufed Timecelles SRC Expectorant Sudafed Cough Sudafed Expectorant T-Moist Tolu-Sed Cough Tolu-Sed DM Cough Triaminic-DM Expectorant Triaminic Expectorant Triaminic Expectorant DH Triaminic Expectorant w/Codeine Trinex Triphenyl Expectorant Trocal Tussanil DH Tussar SF Tussar-2 Tuss-DM Tussend Expectorant Tuss-LA Unproco Utex-S.R. Vicks Children's Cough Vicks Formula 44D Decongestant Cough Mixture Vicks Formula 44M Multi-symptom Cough Mixture Viro-Med Zephrex Zephrex-LA| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No-some states, yes * Available in generic form? Yes Guaifensin assists in the production of light mucus so that it may be absorbed or expelled by coughing.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect. Maximum effect will require 5 to 7 days of continual use.|Retake when you remember, then wait 3 hours before you next dose.|This drug is a cold/cough preparation used in the treatment of hay fever, coughs and colds by loosening mucus in the respiratory passages.|Life threatening effects are unlikely, however, some may experience nervousness, insomnia, headache, restlessness, nausea, and gastric irritation.|1. This drug may lead to bleeding when taken with Anticoagulants.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any cold or cough medication containing Guaifenesin. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. People over 60 years of age may be required to drink approximately glasses of fluids per day in order for this drug to work.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include nausea, drowsiness, vomiting and slight weakness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Hyoscyamine||068\ Anaspaz Anaspaz PB Barbidonna-CR Bellafoline Donnatal Kinesed Levsin Levsinex Levsinex Timecaps Maso-Donna Neoquess Spasmolin Spasquid Spastolate| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Hyoscyamine blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses at their endings. Prevents muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used in the treatment of spasms of the bladder, urethra and digestive systems.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some to experience a rapid heartbeat, confusion, and delirium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less severe effects can include vomiting, nausea, constipation, and a dryness of the nose, ears, and throat.|1. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Amantadine, other Anticholinergics, Antidepressants (tricyclic), Antihistamines, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, and Phenothiazines. 2. The use of this drug may increase internal eye pressure when used with Cortisone drugs and Haloperidol. 3. Molindone may increase the Anticholinergic effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, ulcerative colitis, stomach bloating, are allergic to any Anticholinergic, or have problems emptying your bladder. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have angina, open-angle glaucoma, hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer, enlarged prostate, liver disease, myasthenia gravis, chronic asthma or bronchitis, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 7. The use of this drug over extended periods may lead to chronic constipation or fecal impaction. Caution: Contact your doctor immediately if these symptoms occur.|Overdose symptoms can include dizziness, flushed face, dilated pupils, slurred speech, fever, confusion, hallucinations, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, convulsion, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Insulin||030b Humulin BR Humulin L Humulin N Humulin R Humulin U Insulatard NPH Insulatard NPH Human Lente Lente IIetin I Lente IIetin II Lente Insulin Mixtard Mixtard Human Novolin 70/30 Novolin L Novolin N Novolin R NPH NPH IIetin I NPH IIetin II NPH Insulin Protamine Zinc and IIetin Protamine Zinc and IIetin I Protamine Zinc and IIetin II PZI Regular Regular (Concentrated) IIetin Regular (Concentrated) IIetin II, U-500 Regular IIetin I Regular IIetin II Regular Insulin Semilente Semilente IIetin Semilente IIetin I Ultralente Ultralente IIetin I Velosulin Velosulin Human| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Insulin allows blood sugar to pass through cell membranes so that it can be used as energy.|This drug may take anywhere from 30 minutes to 8 hours to take effect, depending on the type of insulin used.|Retake as soon as you remember, then wait 4 hours until your next dose. Continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is an Antidiabetic and is used in the treatment of diabetes.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. The following drugs may decrease the effect of this drug: Anticonvulsants (hydantoin), (oral) Contraceptives, Cortisone drugs, Diuretics, Furosemide, and Thyroid hormones. 2. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Nicotine gum, Oxyphenbutazone, Phenylbutazone, Salicylates, Sulfa drugs, tetracyclines, and MAO inhibitors. 3. Oral Antidiabetics may increase the antidiabetic effect of this drug. 4. Beta-adrenergic blockers may increase the difficulty of regulating the proper blood-sugar levels. 5. When used with Alcohol this drug may lead to brain damage, hypoglycemia, and an increase in the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken until you have been diagnosed and your treatment schedule and dose have been established by your doctor. 2. Do not use this drug until you are familiar with overdose and anaphylactic emergencies. 3. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you are allergic to any Insulins, take MAO inhibitors, have a low thyroid function, or kidney disease. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. People over 60 years of age need to be cautious not to become repeatedly hypoglycemic. 7. Consult with your doctor as to whether or not your specific dose will be a concern when piloting aircraft, driving or working around machinery.|The symptoms of Hypoglycemia (low blood-sugar) can include headache, nausea, rapid heartbeat, pale skin, cold sweats, anxiety, chills, drowsiness, nervousness, shakiness, unusual weakness, or tiredness. If these symptoms should occur, eat some type of sugar (candy, fruit juice, household sugar, sandwich, etc.) immediately. Contact Medical Help Immediately.|Iron Polysaccharide||039e Hytinic Niferex Niferex-150 Nu-Iron Nu-Iron 150| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No: Without floic acid. * Available in generic form? No Iron Polysaccharide stimulates the production of hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying part of the red blood cell).|Allow 1 to 3 weeks for maximum benefit.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Mineral Supplement (iron) used to treat iron deficiency anemia.|Life threatening effects can include a rapid yet weak heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, people using this drug will more than likely experience a graying or blackening of their stool.|1. May cause excess iron in the liver when used with Allopurinol or other Iron supplements. 2. May result in a diminished Iron effect when used with Calcium Supplements, Chloramphenicol, Cholestyramine, and Sulfasalazine. 3. May decrease the effect of Penicillamine and Tetracyclines. 4. Antacids may result in poor Iron absorption. 5. When used with Alcohol may result in organ damage.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any iron supplement or tartrazine dye, have acute hepatitis, hemochromatorsis, hemosiderosis, take iron injections, have hemolytic anemia, or already have a diet high in iron. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have peptic ulcer, colitis, enteritis, had stomach surgery, have hepatitis, pancreatitis, or will become pregnant while using this drug. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience hemochromatosis using this drug. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use may result in hemochromatosis.|Overdose symptoms can include shallow breathing, rapid yet weak heartbeat, weakness, pallor, blue hands, fingernails, and lips, convulsions, collapse, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Isopropamide||068\ Allergine Allernade Capade Combid Darbid Oraminic Ornade Prochlor-Iso Pro-Iso| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? No Isopropamide blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses at their endings. Prevents muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used to treat spasms of the urethra, digestive system, and bladder.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience delirium, confusion, and rapid heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Amantadine, other Anticholinergics, Antihistamines, Buclizine, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines, and Quinidine. 2. May cause an increase in internal eye pressure when used with Cortisone drugs, Haloperidol, and Nitrates. 3. May cause intestinal ulcers when used with oral Potassium tablets.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Anticholinergic or Iodine, have narrow-angle glaucoma, ulcerative colitis, stomach bloating, or have problems completely emptying your bladder. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have myasthenia gravis, liver disease, angina, open-angle glaucoma, peptic ulcer, enlarged prostate gland, chronic asthma or bronchitis, hiatal hernia, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may lead to fecal impaction or chronic constipation. If this occurs contact your doctor immediately.|Overdose symptoms can include slurred speech, blurred vision, dilated pupils, fever, dizziness, rapid breathing and pulse, confusion, hallucinations, flushed face, agitation, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Kaolin and Pectin||028_ Donnagel-MB Donnagel-PG Kao-Con Kaopectate Kapectolin Kaypectol Koatin K-C K-P K-Pek Parepectolin Pecto Kay| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No |Allow 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antidiarrheal used in the treatment of diarrhea and intestinal cramps.|While life threatening effects are highly unlikely, some people may experience a mild form of constipation.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the absorption of all other oral medications. 2. The use of this drug may decrease the absorption of Digoxin and Lincomycin. 3. The use of this drug with Alcohol may result in increased diarrhea.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to pectin or Kaolin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a fever greater than 101 Fahrenheit. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug is not recommended.|While overdose may not result in a life threatening situation, it may result in fecal impaction. However, if you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Lactulose||038_ Cholac Chronulac Constilac Duphalac Enulose Generiac Portalac| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Lactulose draws water into the bowel, softens stool and promotes faster stool discharge. Water is drawn into the bowel from surrounding body tissue.|Allow approximately 3 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember as long as it is 8 hours before your bedtime, (Do not take this drug at bedtime). If it is within 8 hours of your bedtime, wait for your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Laxative, hyperosmotic used to treat mental changes associated with liver disease and in constipation relief.|It is not uncommon for some to experience gaseousness, diarrhea, increased thirst, and cramps while taking this drug. If this occurs, continue taking medication, but consult with your doctor during your next visit regarding these symptom. On rare occasion some may experience an irregular heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. When taken with other Laxatives, this drug may cause diarrhea. 2. Neomycin may increase the effect of both drugs in terms of mental changes associated with liver disease.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any hyperosmotic laxative, have symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, or inflamed bowel, and should not be used if you have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, laxative habit, kidney disease, colostomy, ileostomy, rectal bleeding, a low galactose diet, or are taking another laxative. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|Overdose symptoms can include weakness, vomiting, fluid depletion, and fainting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Magnesium Carbonate||032_ Alkets Bisodol Calcitrel De Witt's Di-Gel Estomul-M Extomul-M Gaviscon Liquimint Magnagel Marblen Noralac Silain-Gel Spastosed| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Magnesium Carbonate neutralizes stomach acid, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates the muscles of the lower bowel.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Once you remember, retake then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antacid, laxative used in the treatment of constipation, heartburn, indigestion, hyperacidity of upper gastrointestinal tract, gastritis, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia, and esophagitis.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience a loss of appetite and constipation. On rare occasion some may experience swollen ankles or wrists, lower abdominal pain, and swelling, unusual weakness or tiredness, muscle weakness, or bone pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Anticoagulants, Chlorpromazine, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazid, Nalidixic acid, NitroFurantoin, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Penicillamine, Penicillins, Pentobarbital, Phenothiazines, Phenylbutazone, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracyclines. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Levodopa, Meperidine, and Pseudoephedrine. 3. The use of Alcohol may decrease the antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any antacid. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have chronic constipation, diarrhea, colitis, kidney disease, intestinal or stomach bleeding, or have symptoms of appendicitis. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience diarrhea or constipation.|Overdose symptoms may include shallow breathing, stupor, diarrhea, and dry mouth. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Magnesium Citrate||038_ Citrate of Magnesia Citro-Mag Citro-Nesia Citroma| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Magnesium Citrate draws water into the bowel, softens stool, and promotes faster stool discharge. Water is drawn into the bowel from surrounding body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, up to 8 hours before bedtime, (Do Not take at bedtime), then continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Laxative (hyperosmotic) used in the treatment of constipation.|While no life threatening effects are likely, some may experience an irregular heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Chlordiazepoxide, Chlorpromazine, Dicumarol, Digoxin, Isoniazid. 2. The use of this drug with Tetracyclines may cause intestinal blockage.|1. This drug should not be used if you have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days, have symptoms of appendicitis, have inflamed bowel or intestinal blockage, or are allergic to any Hyperosmotic type laxative. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, kidney disease, high blood pressure, heart disease (congestive), have a colostomy or ileostomy, have diabetes, have a laxative habit, or are currently taking another laxative. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, symptoms can include fainting, vomiting, fluid depletion, and weakness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Magnesium Hydroxide||032_ Aludrox Camalox Creamalin Delcid Di-Gel Dolprn 3 Ducon Gelusil Kolantyl Maalox Magnatril Maxamag Milk of Magnesia M.O.M. Mucotin Mygel Mylanta Phillips' Milk of Magnesia Silain-Gel Simeco Univol Win-Gel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Magnesium Hydroxide neutralizes stomach acid, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates the muscles of the lower bowel.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, than continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antacid, laxative used in the treatment of heartburn, acid indigestion, hyperacidity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, constipation relief, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia, gastritis, or esophagitis.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience swollen ankles or wrists, abdominal pain and swelling, bone pain, and muscle weakness. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious symptoms can include a loss of appetite and constipation.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazide, Ketoconazole, Lithium, Methenamine, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Penicillamine, Penicillins, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracyclines. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Flecainide, Levodopa, and Pseudoephedrine. 3. Alcohol may decrease the antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have symptoms of appendicitis, kidney disease, chronic constipation, diarrhea, colitis, or intestinal or stomach bleeding. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience diarrhea or constipation while taking this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include diarrhea, dry mouth, shallow breathing, and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Magnesium Sulfate||038_ Bilagog Eldercaps Eldertonic Epsom Salts Glutofac Vicon| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Magnesium Sulfate draws water into the bowel, softens stool, and promotes faster stool discharge. Water is draw into the bowel from surrounding body tissues.|Allow approximately 3 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, up to 8 hours before bedtime, (Do Not take at bedtime), then continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Laxative (hyperosmotic) used in the treatment of constipation.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience an irregular heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious effects can include diarrhea, cramps, thirst, nausea, and gaseousness.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Antidepressants (tricyclic), Chlordiazepoxide, Chlorpromazine, Dicumarol, Digoxin, and Isoniazid. 2. The use of Tetracyclines with this drug may cause intestinal blockage.|1. Do not use this drug if you have missed a bowel movement of only 1 or 2 days, have symptoms of appendicitis, are allergic to any hyperosmotic laxative, or have inflamed bowel or intestinal blockage. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, heart disease (congestive), diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney disease, have an ileostomy or colostomy, laxative habit, or are taking another laxative. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. The use of this drug over extended periods (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include fainting, vomiting, weakness and fluid depletion. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Magnesium Trisilicate||032_ A-M-T Alma-Mag Gaviscon Gelusil Gelusil-M Magnatril Mucotin Neutrocomp Sterazolidin Trisogel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Magnesium Trisilicate neutralizes stomach acid, retards the protein breaking action of pepsin, and innervates the muscles of the lower bowel.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Once you remember, retake, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antacid, laxative used in the treatment of heartburn, indigestion, constipation, hyperacidity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer, gastritis, hiatal hernia, and esophagitis.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience swollen ankles or wrists, abdominal pain and swelling, muscle weakness, and bone pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less severe effects can include a loss of appetite and constipation.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Chlorpromazine, Cioprofloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Isoniazid, Ketoconazole, Lithium, Methenamine, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Penicillamine, Penicillins, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracyclines. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Flecainide, Levodopa, Meperidine, and Pseudoephedrine. 3. Alcohol may decrease the antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have symptoms of appendicitis, kidney disease, chronic constipation, diarrhea, colitis, or intestinal or stomach bleeding. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience diarrhea or constipation while using this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include shallow breathing, dry mouth, diarrhea and stupor. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Malt Soup Extract||038_ Maltsupex| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Malt Soup Extract absorbs water into the bowel from surrounding tissues to form softer stools. Helps prevent straining during bowel movements.|Allow 2 to 3 days for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative, (bulk-forming), used to treat constipation.|On rare occasion some may experience intestinal blockage, skin rash, itching, and asthma symptoms. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. This drug may diminish the antibiotic effect of many Antibiotics. 2. May decrease the effect of Digitalis preparations, Salicylates, and Aspirin.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any bulk-forming laxative, have symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, or inflamed bowel, or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, diabetes, a laxative habit, problems swallowing or are currently taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug. However, if greater than prescribed amounts are taken, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Meclizine||033] Antivert Antrizine Bonamine Bonine Dizmiss Meni-D Ru-Vert-M| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Liquid / No: Tablet * Available in generic form? Yes Meclizine retards nerve sensitivity in the inner ear thereby blocking the feeling of motion sickness and the need to vomit.|Allow 30 to 60 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then wait 4 hours before you take your next dose, continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antihistamine, antiemetic used in the treatment of motion sickness.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience a rash. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious effects can include drowsiness.|1. The use of this drug may increase both its effect and the effect of Anticholinergics, Antidepressants (tricyclic), Narcotics, Pain relievers, Sedatives, Sleep inducers and Tranquilizers. 2. MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 3. Alcohol may cause an increase in sedation. 4. The use of this drug with Guanfacine may increase the depressant effect of either drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Cyclizine, Buclizine, Meclizine, or have taken any MAO inhibitors within the last 2 weeks. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have an enlarged prostate, glaucoma, or have had an adverse reaction to any Antihistamine. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations, shallow breathing, drowsiness, weak pulse, confusion, coordination problems, stupor, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Methylcellulose||038_ Anorex-CCK Cellothyl Citrucel Cologel Gonio-Gel Hydrolose Lacril Murocel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Methylcellulose draws water into the bowel from surrounding tissues in order to form softer stools. Helps prevent straining during bowel movements.|Allow 2 to 3 days for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative, (bulk-forming), used to treat constipation.|On rare occasion some may experience intestinal blockage, skin rash, itching, and asthma symptoms. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. This drug may diminish the antibiotic effect of many Antibiotics. 2. May diminish the effect of Anticoagulants. 3. May decrease the effect of Digitalis preparations, Salicylates, and Aspirin.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any bulk-forming laxative, have symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, or inflamed bowel, or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, diabetes, a laxative habit, problems swallowing, or are currently taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug. However, if greater than prescribed amounts are taken contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Niacin (Nicotinic Acid) Vitamin B-3||073[ Diacin N-Caps Niac Niacin Nicalex Nico-400 Nico-Span Nicobid Nicocap Nicolar Nicotinex Nicotinyl alcohol Nicotym Novoniacin SK-Niacin Tega-Span Tri-B3 Vasotherm| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:Liquid, Capsules / No:Tablets * Available in generic form? Yes Niacin dilates blood vessels, decreases the production of cholesterol, and augments Niacin in the daily diet. Note: Niacin is also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember. Wait 4 hours for your next dose, then continue based on revised schedule.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement, vasodilator, antihyperlipidemic used in the treatment of pellagra, ringing ears, vertigo, niacin deficiency, premenstrual headache, and reducing cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience pain in their upper abdominal area. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Additionally, some may experience a "Hot" flushed feeling that is not dangerous but may last a few minutes.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Antidiabetics, Probenecid, and Sulfinpyrazone. 2. The use of this drug may result in excessively low blood pressure when used with Beta-adrenergic blockers, Mecamylamine, Methyldopa, Pargyline, and Alcohol. 3. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Guanethidine. 4. Isoniazid may decrease the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you have liver problems, peptic ulcer, or are allergic to Niacin. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have gout, diabetes, liver disease, gallbladder disease, or are sensitive to tartrazine dye. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to liver damage.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fainting, weakness, lightheadedness and sweating. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Pantothenic Acid (B-5)||073[ Dexol T.D.| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Pantothenic Acid aids in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Once you remember retake and then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used to treat or prevent Vitamin B-5 deficiencies.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience severe heart burn when using this drug. If this occurs seek emergency medical help immediately.|1. No adverse drug interactions are expected with this drug.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to Pantothenic acid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are hemophilic. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Extended use of this drug in large doses (more than 1 month) may lead to Vitamin B-5 toxicity.|While overdose is unlikely, if you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Pheniramine||017[ Cita Capsules Citra Forte Dri-Hist No. 2 Meta Caps Dristan Nasal Spray Fiogesic Inhistor Poly-Histine D Robitussin-AC Ru-Tuss S-T Forte Symptrol Triaminic Triaminicin Triaminicol Tussagesic Tussaminic Tussirex Sugar Free| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Pheniramine blocks the histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Antihistamine used to treat allergic symptoms such as itching, rash, hives, and hay fever.|It is not uncommon for some to experience dizziness, dry nose, throat and mouth, drowsiness and nausea. If this occurs, continue taking the medication, but consult with your doctor about these symptoms.|1. The use of this drug may cause excessive sedation when used with other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers and Alcohol. 2. Anticholinergic effects can be increased when taken with this drug. 3. Antidepressants (tricyclic), Dronabinol, and MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, peptic ulcer, asthma, glaucoma, enlarged prostate gland, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty urinating and decreased alertness when using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include a red face, hallucinations, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Phenylephrine (Ophthalmic)||054c Ak-Dilate Ak-Nefrin Isopto Frin Mydfrin Neo-Synephrine Prefrin Liquifilm| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Some strengths * Available in generic form? No Phenylephrine (ophthalmic) constricts small blood vessels in the eye.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, than continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Mydriatic, decongestant used to dilate pupils and treat minor eye irritations.|Adverse effects are unlikely if you do not use more than prescribed amount.|1. Interactions with injected or oral medications is unlikely.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Phenylephrine or have glaucoma. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, irregular heartbeat, or currently take Antidepressants, Guanethidine, Guanadrel, Maprotiline, Pargyline, or MAO inhibitors. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug should be avoided.|Overdose is unlikely. However, if swallowed contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Phenolphthalein||038_ Agoral Alophen Correctol Espotabs Evac-U-Gen Evac-U-Lax Ex-Lax Ex-Lax Pills Feen-A-Mint Gum Medilax Modane Phenolax Trilax| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Phenolphthalein is used to affect the smooth muscles of the intestinal walls in order to produce hearty bowel movements and relieve constipation.|Allow approximately 10 hours for this drug to take effect.|Once you remember, retake, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative (stimulant) used in the treatment of constipation.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some to experience a discoloration of the urine (pink to orange), and rectal irritation. On rare occasion some may experience headache, confusion, a dangerous loss of potassium, irregular heartbeat, rash, burning urination and muscle cramps. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. This drug may cause a dangerously low potassium level when taken with Diuretics or Antihypertensives. 2. This drug may cause Digitalis toxicity when taken with Digitalis preparations. 3. This drug may cause irritation to the bowel or stomach when taken with Antacids.|1. Do not use this drug if you are allergic to any Stimulant laxative, have symptoms of appendicitis, have intestinal blockage or inflamed bowel, or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, diabetes, congestive heart disease, a laxative habit, rectal bleeding, a colostomy or ileostomy, or are currently taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Extended use of this drug (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|While overdose of this drug may not be life threatening. symptoms can include and vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Phenyltoloxamine||017Y Amaril D Amaril D Spantab Comhist Condecal Decongestabs Kutrase Magsal Naldecol Naldecon Naldelate Percogesic Poly-Histine-D Quadra Hist Sinocon Sinubid Sinutab Trihista-Phen-25 Tri-Phen-Chlor Tudecon Tulssionex| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Phenyltoloxamine blocks histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Once you remember, retake, then wait 3 hours for your next dose. Continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used in the treatment of hay fever, symptoms of allergies and infections of the throat and nose.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience a rapid heartbeat, stomach pain, nightmares, irritability, and fever. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may cause increased sedation when used with Narcotics, Pain relievers, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, and Tranquilizers. 2. Antidepressants (tricyclic) drugs may increase the effect of this drug. 3. The use of this drug may change the pattern of seizures (epileptic) when taken with Anticonvulsants (hydantoin). 4. The use of this drug with Alcohol may cause the rapid onset of extreme sedation. Use Caution.|1. This drug should not be used if you have glaucoma, asthma attacks, difficulty urinating, or are allergic to any type of Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia, have had problems with peptic ulcers, or have had an adverse reaction to any type of Antihistamine. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience impaired judgment, thinking or memory. If prostate gland is enlarged there may also be an increase in urine output. Additionally, some may experience both drowsiness and dizziness along with feeling somewhat lethargic. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms in adults can include muscle tremors, confusion, drowsiness, incoordination, stupor and coma. Overdose symptoms in children can include hyperactivity, excitement, hallucinations, and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Poloxamer 188||038_ Alaxin Poloxalkol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Poloxamer 188 softens stool by increasing its fluid holding capacity.|Allow 2 to 3 days for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then wait 12 hours for your next dose. Continue based on original schedule.|This drug is a Laxative, emollient used to treat constipation.|On rare occasion some may experience a skin rash while using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in liver damage when used with Danthron. 2. May result in the toxic absorption of digitalis preparations. 3. This drug should not be used with Mineral Oil. 4. May result in Phenolphthalein toxicity when used with that drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any emollient laxative or have symptoms of appendicitis. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you are currently taking other laxatives or suspect that your constipation may be a sign of a serious disorder. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should drink at least 8 glasses of fluids a day while using this drug. 5. Extended use may damage the lining of the intestine.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and appetite loss. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Polycarbophil Calcium||038_ Equalactin FiberCon Mitrolan| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Polycarbophil Calcium absorbs water in the bowel, eliminating watery diarrhea.|Allow approximately 24 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is a Laxative (bulk forming), antidiarrheal used in the treatment of diarrhea and constipation.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience intestinal blockage, asthma, skin rash and itching. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious symptoms can include vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and the feeling there may be a lump in your throat.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Digitalis preparations, Tetracyclines, Aspirins and Salicylates.|1. This drug should not be taken if you display symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, inflamed bowel, are allergic to any bulk forming laxative or have not had a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have difficulty swallowing, diabetes, rectal bleeding, are laxative dependent or are taking any other laxative. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|Overdose is unlikely with this drug but if you suspect more than prescribed amount was taken (especially in children) contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Propantheline||068\ Banlin Norpanth Novopropanthil Pro-Banthine Pro-Banthine with Phenobarbital Propanthel| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Propantheline blocks the nerve impulses at the parasympathetic nerve endings. Prevents muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used to treat spasms of the urethra, digestive system and bladder.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience delirium, confusion and rapid heartbeat. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Amantadine, other Anticholinergics, Antidepressants (tricyclic), Antihistamines, Buclizine, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines, Quinidine and Terfenadine. 2. This drug may lead to increase internal eye pressure when used with Cortisone drugs, Haloperidol and Nitrates. 3. When taken with oral Potassium supplements this drug may cause intestinal ulcers. 4. Molindone may increase the anticholinergic effect of this drug. 5. This drug may decrease the absorption of Digitalis preparations.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any anticholinergic, have stomach bloating, narrow-angle glaucoma, severe ulcerative colitis, or have problems completely emptying your bladder. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have open-angle glaucoma, liver disease, angina, myasthenia gravis, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia, enlarged prostate gland, chronic asthma or bronchitis or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may result in fecal impaction or chronic constipation. If this occurs contact your doctor immediately.|Overdose symptoms can include fever, dizziness, rapid pulse and breathing, flushed face, dilated pupils, blurred vision, hallucination, agitation, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Psyllium||038_ Cillium Effersyllium Fiberall Hydrocil Hydrocil Instant Karacil Konsyl Konsyl-D Metamucil Metamucil Instant Mix Metamucil Instant Mix, Orange Flavor Metamucil Orange Flavor Metamucil Strawberry Flavor Metamucil Sugar Free Modane Bulk Naturacil Perdiem Perdiem Plain Prompt Reguloid Natural Reguloid Orange Serutan Serutan Toasted Granules Siblin Syllact V-Lax Versabran| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Psyllium draws water into the bowel to form soft bulky stools. Prevents straining during bowel movements.|Allow approximately 12 hours to 3 days for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is a laxative (bulk forming) used in the treatment of constipation as well as to prevent straining during a bowel movement.|While life threatening effects are unlikely some may experience intestinal blockage, asthma, skin rash and itching. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious symptoms can include the feeling that there may be a lump in your throat.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of both Digitalis preparations, Aspirin and Salicylates.|1. This drug should not be used if you display any symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, inflamed bowel, are allergic to any bulk forming laxative or have not had a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, diabetes, rectal bleeding, difficulty swallowing, laxative dependency or are currently taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|While overdose is unlikely with this drug it is important that if you suspect that someone (especially children) has taken more than the prescribed amount, contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Pyridoxine (B-6)||073Z Beesix Hexa-Betalin Pyroxine Rodex Tex Six T.R.| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Pyridoxine aids in protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism by working as a co-enzyme.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used in the treatment of Vitamin B-6 deficiency, some anemias and Cycloserine poisoning.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience headache, nausea, and numbness of the feet and hands. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The following drugs may decrease the effect of this drug: oral Contraceptives, Cycloserine, Hydralazine, Immunosuppressants, Isoniazid, and Penicillamine. 2. This drug may diminish the effect of Levodopa, Hypnotics, Phenobarbital and Phenytoin.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Pyridoxine (Vitamin B-6). 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 4. Extended use of this drug (more than 1 week) in large doses may lead to Vitamin B-6 toxicity.|While overdose is unlikely with this drug, if you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Pyrilamine||017[ 4-Way Nasal Spray Albatussin Allerstat Allertoc Citra Forte Codimal DH, DM, PH Covanamine Dormarex Duphrene Excedrin P.M. Fiogesic Histalet Forte Kronohist Kronocaps Midol PMS Napril Plateau Nervine Nighttime Sleep-Aid Panadyl Poly-Histine D Primatene, M Formula P-V-Tussin Relemine Ru-Tuss Rynatan Sominex Somnicaps Triaminic Trihista-Phen-25 Tussanil| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Pyrilamine blocks histamine action of affected cells.|Allow 30 to 40 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used in the treatment of hay fever, nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, allergy symptoms that include skin rash, hives and itching. This drug is also used to induce sleep.|While life threatening effects are unlikely some may experience nausea, dizziness, drowsiness and dry mouth, nose and throat.|1. The use of this drug may cause excessive sedation and should be avoided when used with other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers and Alcohol. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of both Anticholinergics and Dronabinol. 3. MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 4. Antidepressants (tricyclic) may increase the effect of this drug and result in excessive sedation. 5. Molindone may increase the Antihistamine effect of this drug and lead to an increase in the sedative effect.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, asthma, glaucoma, peptic ulcer, enlarged prostate, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used by newborn or premature infants. Consult with your doctor before using. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience decrease alertness and difficulty urinating. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include red face, hallucinations, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Quinine||016` Novo Quinine Quinamm Quindan Quiphile Q-Vel Strema| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Quinine increase blood flow, abates skeletal muscle contractions, and disrupts the genetic makeup of the parasitic protozoan responsible for malaria.|Time required to take effect can vary substantially. Consult with your doctor for specifics.|Treatment: Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. After 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Prevention: Take as soon as you remember up to 12 hours late. After 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antiprotozoal used to treat or prevent malaria as well as for the relief of muscle cramps.|It is not uncommon for some people to experience blurred or changed vision when using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience difficulty breathing, fever, sore throat, skin rash, unusual bleeding or bruising, hives, weakness and angina. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Antacids with Aluminum Hydroxide can diminish the Quinine effect. 2. This drug may increase the anticoagulant effect of oral Anticoagulants. 3. This drug may increase the effect of Digitalis preparations and Digoxin. 4. Quinidine or Sodium Bicarbonate may produce toxic effects when taken with Quinine.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Quinine or Quinidine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, myasthenia gravis, asthma, hearing problems, eye disease, or plan on becoming pregnant while using this drug. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may result in nausea, headache, temporary hearing loss and blurred vision.|Overdose symptoms can include delirium, diarrhea, shallow breathing, severe hearing and vision impairment, fast heartbeat, nausea, vomiting, confusion and apprehension. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Riboflavin||073[ Riobin-50| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) is a water soluble Vitamin B complex factor essential for normal growth. B-2 is not produced by the body and must be replaced by foods or supplements. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Ribofavin requires regular use to be effective.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Vitamin Supplement used to treat Vitamin B-2 deficiency. Riboflavin is required for normal growth and overall health.|It is not uncommon for some to experience a yellow coloring of their urine.|1. The use of the following drugs may diminish the effect of Riboflavin: Antidepressants (tricyclic), Phenothiazines and Probenecid. 2. Alcohol may prevent the body's ability to absorb Vitamin B-2. 3. Anticholinergics may increase Vitamin B-2 absorbtion.|1. This drug should not be used if you have chronic kidney failure or are allergic to any B Vitamin. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 3. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include nausea, vomiting and dark urine. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Choline Magnesium Salicylates Choline Salicylate Magnesium Salicylate Salicylamide Salsalate Sodium Salicylate|Salicylates|014Y Arthropan Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate Citra Forte Disalcid Doan's Pills Fendol Improved SinoTuss Kolephrin NN Liquid Magan Mobidin Mono-Gesic Omnicol Salflex Salgesic Salsitab Trilisate Tussanil DH Tussirex w/Codeine Liquid Uracel Uromide| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes: Some brands * Available in generic form? Yes Salicylates retard the prostaglandin effect and decrease the viscosity of the blood, thereby allowing it to flow more freely.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|For fever and pain relief, retake as soon as you remember then wait 4 hours for your next dose, continue based on the revised schedule. For relief of arthritis pain, retake as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than 2 hours late wait until the next scheduled dose. Continue on your regular dosage schedule.|This drug is an Analgesic, anti-inflammatory (salicylate) non-steroidal used in the treatment of pain symptoms associated with rheumatism and arthritis. This drug is also used to reduce inflammation, pain and fever.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors. 2. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Allopurinol. 3. Antacids may decrease the effect of this drug. 4. The use of this drug with Anticoagulants may lead to unusual bleeding. 5. The use of this drug with oral Antidiabetics and Insulin may result in low blood sugar. 6. The use of this drug with Aspirin, Furosemide, and Para-aminosalicylic acid can result in Salicylate toxicity. 7. The use of this drug can decrease the antihypertensive effect of Beta-adrenergic blockers. 8. The use of this drug with Cortisone drugs may lead to ulcers and stomach bleeding. 9. The use of this drug with Gold compounds can lead to kidney damage. 10. The use of this drug with Indomethacin can result in ulcers and stomach bleeding. 11. The use of this drug with Penicillins may increase the effect of both drugs. 12. The use of this drug with Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may lead to ulcers and stomach bleeding. 13. The use of this drug with Phenobarbital may decrease the effect of this drug. 14. The use of this drug with Methotrexate may lead to Methotrexate toxicity. 15. This drug may increase the effect of Phenytoin. 16. The use of this drug with Alcohol may cause stomach irritation and bleeding.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Salicylates, have bleeding disorder, peptic ulcer of the duodenum or stomach, or need to reduce the amount of sodium in you daily diet. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have nasal polyps, asthma, a history of gout or duodenal or stomach ulcers. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience stomach or intestinal bleeding, indicated by dark stools. 6. Extended use may result in kidney damage.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, nausea, hallucinations, ringing ears, fever, deep and rapid breathing, dizziness, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Scopolamine (Hyoscine)||068\ Barbidonna Barbidonna-CR Buscopan Donnatal Kinesed Scopolamine Trans-Derm Spasmolin Spasquid Transderm-Scop Transderm-V| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Scopolamine (Hyoscine) block parasympathetic nerve impulses and prevent certain muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used in the treatment of motion sickness, spasms of the bladder, urethra, and digestive system. This drug is also used to relieve painful menstruation.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience a rapid heartbeat, delirium and confusion. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. Less serious symptoms can include headache, constipation, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite and difficulty urinating.|1. The following drugs may increase the effect of this drug: Amantadine, other Anticholinergics, Antidepressants (tricyclic), Antihistamines, Buclizine, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines and Quinidine. 2. This drug may cause an increase in internal eye pressure when used with Cortisone drugs, Haloperidol or Nitrates. 3. The use of this drug with Encainide may result in toxicity on the heart muscle. 4. The use of this drug with Methyprylon may result in a dangerously high sedative effect. 5. The use of this drug with Ethinamate may result in increasing the effect of Ethinamate to a dangerous level.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Anticholinergic drug, have narrow-angle glaucoma, stomach bloating, severe ulcerative colitis or have problems completely emptying your bladder. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have myasthenia gravis, liver disease, peptic ulcer, angina, hiatal hernia, open-angle glaucoma, enlarged prostate gland, chronic asthma or bronchitis or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to fecal impaction or chronic constipation. Should this occur, contact your doctor immediately.|Overdose symptoms can include flushed face, dizziness, fever, dilated pupils, rapid pulse, blurred vision, rapid breathing, agitation, hallucinations, confusion, slurred speech, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Senna||038_ Black Draught Black-Draught Lax Senna Fletcher's Castoria Senexon Senokot Senolax X-Prep Liquid| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Senna act on the intestinal walls (smooth muscles) and allow for hearty bowel movements and relief of constipation.|Allow approximately 10 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative (stimulant) used to treat constipation.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some people to experience a discoloration of their urine (red-violet or yellow-brown) and have rectal irritation. On rare occasion some may experience difficult breathing, muscle cramps, confusion, irregular heartbeat, and a dangerous loss of potassium. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may cause a dangerously low potassium level when used with either Antihypertensives or Diuretics. 2. The use of this drug with Digitalis preparations may lead to Digitalis toxicity.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Laxative (stimulant), have symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, inflamed bowel, or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have diabetes, rectal bleeding, high blood pressure, congestive heart disease, a colostomy or ileostomy, laxative dependency or are currently taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, symptoms can include vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Sennosides A and B||038_ Glysennid Nytilax Gentle Nature Senokot X-Prep| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Sennosides A and B act on the intestinal walls (smooth muscles) and allow for hearty bowel movements and relief of constipation.|Allow approximately 10 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is a Laxative, stimulant used to treat constipation.|It is not uncommon for some to experience rectal irritation while taking this drug.|1. May cause a dangerously low Potassium level when used with Antihypertensives and Diuretics. 2. May result in Digitalis toxicity when used with Digitalis preparations.|1. This drug should not be used if you have symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, inflamed bowel, are allergic to any stimulant laxative or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, congestive heart disease, diabetes, rectal bleeding, colostomy, ileostomy, laxative habit or are currently taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use (more than 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Sodium Bicarbonate||032_ Alka-Citrate Compound Alka-Seltzer Antacid Arm and Hammer Baking Soda Bell/ans Bisodol Bisodol Powder Brioschi Bromo Seltzer Ceo-Two Chembicarb Citrocarbonate Eno Fizrin Infalyte Neut Seidlitz Powder Soda Mint| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Sodium Bicarbonate is a water soluble solid that neutralizes hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Also retards the action of pepsin, an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into proteoses and peptones.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake when you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule.|This drug is an Antacid used in the treatment of heartburn, indigestion, hyperacidity of the gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia, gastritis and esophagitis.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some to experience weight gain, constipation, loss of appetite and belching.|1. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Amphetamine, Flecainide, Meperidine, Levodopa, Quinidine and Pseudoephedrine. 2. The use of this drug may decrease the effectiveness of Ciprofloxacin, Iron supplements, Ketoconazole, Lithium, Methenamine, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Penicillins, Phenylbutazone, Sulfa drugs, and Tetracyclines. 3. Alcohol may diminish the Antacid effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any type of Antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, stomach or intestinal bleeding, congestive heart disease, chronic diarrhea or constipation or display the symptoms of appendicitis. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience constipation or diarrhea. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to excessive calcium in the blood.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, symptoms can include dizziness, fatigue and weakness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Sodium Carbonate||032_ Rolaids| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Sodium Carbonate neutralizes hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Also retards the action of pepsin in the stomach, an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into proteoses and peptones.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake when you remember, then continue based on the package instructions.|This drug is an Antacid used in the treatment of heartburn, indigestion, hyperacidity of the gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia, gastritis, and esophagitis.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, some may experience a loss of appetite and constipation. On rare occasion some may experience muscle weakness, bone pain, abdominal pain and swelling, and swollen ankles and wrists. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may diminish the effectiveness of Chlorpromazine, Ciprofloxacin, Digitalis preparations, Iron supplements, Ketoconazole, Lithium, Methenamine, Nalidixic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Norflaxacin, Oxyphenbutazone, Para-aminosalicylic acid, Penicillins, Pentobarbital, Phenylbutazone, Sulfa drugs, Tetracyclines. 2. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Levodopa and Meperidine.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any type of Antacid. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have high blood pressure, liver disease, kidney disease, congestive heart disease, intestinal or stomach bleeding, chronic diarrhea or constipation, or display symptoms of appendicitis. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience constipation or diarrhea. 6. Extended use of this drug may lead to unwanted fluid retention.|While overdose is not likely to be life threatening, symptoms can include dizziness, fatigue and weakness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Simethicone||043_ Di-Gel Extra Strength Gas-X Gelusil Mygel Mylanta Mylicon Mylicon-80 Mylicon-125 Ovol Ovol-40 Ovol-80 Phazyme Phazyme-95 Phazyme-125 Riopan Plus Silain| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Simethicone causes small mucus-entrapped air bubbles in the intestines to form larger bubbles that are then passed more easily.|Allow 10 to 15 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake as needed based on the package instructions.|This drug is an Antiflatulent used in the treatment of abdominal gas.|Adverse effects of any kind are highly unlikely with this drug.|1. Adverse effects of any kind are highly unlikely.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Simethicone. 2. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug.|No overdose symptoms are expected with this drug.|Sodium Phosphate||038_ Fleet Enema Fleet Phospho-Soda Phospho-Soda Sal Hepatica| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Sodium Phophate draws water into the bowel from surrounding tissues.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|Take once you remember, providing it is not within 8 hours of your bedtime. If so, wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose or Take at Bedtime.|This drug is a Laxative, hyperosmotic used to treat constipation.|On rare occasion some may experience an irregular heartbeat when using this drug. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. This drug may diminish the effect of Chlordiazepoxide, Chlorpromazine, Dicumarol, Digoxin, Isoniazid and Mexiletine. 2. Used with Tetracyclines may result in intestinal blockage.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any hyperosmotic laxative, have symptoms of appendicitis, intestinal blockage, inflamed bowel, or have missed a bowel movement for only 1 or 2 days. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have rectal bleeding, high blood pressure, diabetes, a laxative habit, congestive heart disease, colostomy, ileostomy or are currently taking other laxatives. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Extended use of this drug (more then 1 week) may lead to laxative dependency.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, weakness, fluid depletion and fainting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Sulindac||014` Clinoril| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Sulindac reduces the prostaglandin effect, hormones in body tissue responsible for pain and inflammation.|Allow anywhere from 1 day to 3 weeks to become fully effective.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Anti-inflammatory, (non-steroid) used to treat symptoms of arthritis, gout, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness especially in Aspirin sensitive people. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. The use of this drug may increase the risk of developing a stomach ulcer when used with Aspirin, Cortisone drugs, Oxyphenbutazone, and Phenylbutazone. 2. May diminish the effect of ACE inhibitors. 3. Beta-adrenergic blockers may result in a decrease antihypertensive effect. 4. May decrease the effect of Diuretics. 5. May increase the risk of bleeding when taken with oral Anticoagulants. 6. Probenecid may increase the effect of this drug. 7. When taken with Thyroid Hormones may result in a rise in blood pressure and rapid heartbeat. 8. When taken with Alcohol may result in the development of a stomach ulcer or bleeding.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any anti-inflammatory, non-steroidal or aspirin. 2. Do not use this drug if you if you have heart failure, high blood pressure, gastritis, enteritis, peptic ulcer, asthma, ulcerative colitis, have recently had rectal bleeding, or are under 15 years of age. 3. Before using this drug consult with you doctor if you have Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, kidney disease or impaired function, or mental illness. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. Should not be used by children less than 15 years of age. 6. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 8. Extended use may lead to weight gain, fever, eye damage, impaired hearing and sore throat.|Overdose symptoms can include convulsions, confusion, agitation, hemorrhaging from the intestine or stomach, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Terpin Hydrate w/ Codeine Codeine and Terpin Hydrate Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide and Terpin Hydrate||057Y Chexit Prunicodeine Terphan Terpin-Dex Terpin Hydrate and Codeine Syrup Terpin Hydrate Elixir Tricodene #1 Tricodene NN Cough and Cold Medication Tussagesic| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? No-Some states, yes * Available in generic form? Yes Terpin Hydrate loosens mucus build up in the bronchial tubes.|Allow approximately 15 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then wait 4 hours before taking the next dose.|This drug is an Expectorant used to treat coughing associated with simple bronchial irritation.|On rare occasion, especially in children, some may experience symptoms of alcohol intoxication. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in increased sedation when taken with Antidepressants, Antihistamines, Muscle relaxants, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers and Alcohol. 2. May induce an adverse reaction when taken with Disulfiram.|1. This drug should not be used if you are an active or recovering alcoholic or are allergic to Terpin Hydrate. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you plan on becoming pregnant while using this drug. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 6. Extended use may lead to addiction.|Overdose symptoms can include nausea and drowsiness. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Theophylline, Ephedrine and Barbiturates||063Y Azma Aid Phedral-C.T. Primatene "P" Tedral Tedral SA Tedrigen Theodrine Theodrine Pediatric Theofed Theofedral| * Addiction Potential? Yes * Prescription Required? Yes: Some * Available in generic form? Yes: Some Theophylline, Ephedrine, and Barbiturates work together to inhibit cells from releasing histamines, decrease blood vessel size and carrying capacity, mimics stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and block nerve cell impulses at their connections.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Bronchodilator, sympathomimetic, barbiturate, sedative used to treat anxiety, nervous tension, symptoms of bronchial asthma, congested breathing passages and allergic symptoms.|Life threatening effects can include rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing and coma. If this occurs cease taking this drug and contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience nausea, nervousness, vomiting, abdominal pain, insomnia, headache, irritability and feeling of "hangover". If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug may result in a dangerous over sedation when used with Antihistamines, Antidepressants (tricyclics), Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Pain relievers, Sleep inducers, Sedatives, Tranquilizers, and may result in FATAL over sedation when taken with Alcohol. 2. The use of this drug may decrease the effect of Allopurinol, oral Anticoagulants, Antidepressants (tricyclic), Antihypertensives, Aspirin, Beta-adrenergic blockers, oral Contraceptives, Cortisone drugs, Doxycycline, Griseofulvin, Guanethidine, Lithium, Probenecid, and Sulfinpyrazone. 3. May cause serious heart-rhythm problems when taken with Digitalis preparations. 4. May cause a serious rise in blood pressure when taken with Ergot preparations. 5. May cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure when taken with MAO inhibitors. 6. May cause rapid heartbeat when taken with Rauwolfia alkaloids.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any barbiturate, bronchodilator, ephedrine, or sympathomimetic drug, or have porphyria or an active peptic ulcer. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have an impaired liver or kidney, take medication for gout, have diabetes, gastritis, asthma, anemia, overactive thyroid, epilepsy, heart disease, high blood pressure, chronic pain, problems urinating, taken any MAO inhibitor within the last 2 weeks or Digitalis preparation in the last 7 days. 3. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 6. People over 60 years of age may experience angina, high blood pressure, and heart rhythm problems while under the influence of this drug. 7. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 8. Extended use may lead to anemia, addiction, stomach irritation, toxic psychosis, chronic intoxication, lower body temperature, and difficulty urinating for men with enlarged prostate gland.|Overdose symptoms can include rapid and irregular pulse, anxiety, muscle tremors, confusion, restlessness, delirium and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Thiamine (B-1)||073[ Betalin S Betaxin Bewon Biamine Pan-B-1| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Thiamine (Vitamin B-1) aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used in the treatment of Beri-Beri (a Thiamine deficiency disease), infections, alcoholism, burns, overactive thyroid, and cirrhosis. Vitamin B-1 is also important for normal growth and overall health.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. Barbiturates can diminish the effect of Vitamin B-1.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Vitamin B. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug.|Overdose of this drug will intensify the adverse effects of this drug. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Tridihexethyl||068\ Pathilon| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? No Tridihexethyl blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses and prevents certain muscle contractions and gland secretions.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antispasmodic, anticholinergic used to treat spasms of the urethra, digestive system and bladder.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. The following drugs may increase the effects of this drug: Amantadine, Anticholinergics, Antidepressants (tricyclic), Antihistamines, Buclizine, MAO inhibitors, Meperidine, Methylphenidate, Orphenadrine, Phenothiazines, and Quinidine. 2. May result in an increase of internal eye pressure when used with Cortisone drugs, Haloperidol and Nitrates. 3. May result in intestinal ulcers when used with oral Potassium supplements. 4. Antacids may decrease the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any anticholinergic, have narrow-angle glaucoma, server ulcerative colitis, stomach bloating, or have problems completely emptying your bladder. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have angina, hiatal hernia, open-angle glaucoma, liver disease, peptic ulcer, enlarged prostate, myasthenia gravis, chronic asthma or bronchitis, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may lead to fecal impaction or chronic constipation. If this occurs contact your doctor as soon as possible.|Overdose symptoms can include rapid pulse and breathing, hallucinations, slurred speech, fever, dizziness, flushed face, confusion, blurred vision, dilated pupils, agitation, convulsions, and coma. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Tripelennamine||017[ PBZ PBZ-SR Pyribenzamine Ro-Hist| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Tripelennamine blocks histamine action from affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used to treat allergic symptoms such as hives, skin rash, and itching. May also be used as a sleep inducer.|It is not uncommon for some to experience nausea, dry mouth, nose and throat, dizziness and drowsiness while using this drug. On rare occasion some may experience a change in vision, weakness, fever, agitation, sore throat, nightmares, rapid heartbeat, fatigue and unusual bruising or bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1.The use of this drug may result in excessive sedation when used with: other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Procarbazine, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers and Alcohol. 2. Molindone may increase the Antihistamine effect of this drug. 3. MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 4. Oral Anticoagulants may decrease the effect of this drug. 5. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to any antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have asthma, peptic ulcer, kidney disease, glaucoma, enlarged prostate, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience diminished alertness and difficulty urinating while using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use may lead to nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations,, red face, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Triprolidine||017[ Actidil Actifed Bayidyl Eldafed Triafed-C Trifed Tripodrine| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Triprolidine blocks histamine action from affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used in the treatment of allergic symptoms such as hives, skin rash and itching.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some to experience nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, and dry nose, mouth and throat.|1. The use of this drug may cause excessive sedation when used with other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Procarbazine, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers, Alcohol and Antidepressants (tricyclic). 2. Oral Anticoagulants may decrease the effectiveness of this drug. 3. MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 4. Molindone may increase the Antihistamine effect of this drug. 5. Antidepressants (tricyclic) may increase the effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, glaucoma, asthma, enlarged prostate gland, peptic ulcer, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug should not be used for newborn or premature infants. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty urinating or decrease alertness while using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may result in nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include red face, hallucinations, convulsion, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Vitamin A||073[ Acon Afaxin Alphalin Aquasol A Dispatabs Sust-A| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Vitamin A is fat soluble organic substance essential for normal health and growth, protection of epithelial tissue, and prevention of night blindness. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Vitamin A requires continued use to be effective.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is Vitamin Supplement necessary for normal growth and overall health. Vitamin A is especially important for healthy eyes and skin.|On rare occasion some may experience hair loss, headache, confusion, dry lips, dizziness, and skin peeling. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Neomycin may decrease vitamin absorption. 2. Large doses of this drug may increase the anticoagulant effect of Anticoagulants. 3. Large doses of Vitamin E may lead to Vitamin A depletion. 4. When used in conjunction with other Vitamin A sources, the combined effect may lead to Vitamin A toxicity. 5. Oral Contraceptives may increase the level of Vitamin A in the body. 6. Cholestyramine, Colestipol, and the extended use of Mineral oil can retard the absorption of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you have chronic liver problems. 2. Before taking this drug consult with your doctor if you have any type of kidney problems. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should not be given large doses and should use this drug only under medical supervision.|Overdose symptoms can include an increase of the adverse effects associated with this drug. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin)||073[ Acti-B-12 Alphamin Alpha Redisol Anocobin Bedoz Berubigen Betalin 12 Betalin 12 Crystalline Codroxomin Cyanabin Droxomin Kaybovite Kaybovite-1000 Redisol Rubion Rubramin Rubramin-PC| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin) is a water soluble organic substance essential in small quantities to normal metabolism. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Allow 15 to 20 minutes for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used in the treatment of pernicious anemia, nerve damage, and vitamin B-12 deficiency. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for normal growth and overall health.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately.|1. The absorption of Vitamin B-12 may be decreased if taken with Anticonvulsants, Cimetidine, Colchicine, Famotidine, H2 Antagonists, Neomycin, Potassium (some forms), Ranitidine, and Alcohol. 2. If taken simultaneously with Vitamin C this drug may be deactivated. Separate the doses by 2 hours. 3. This drug may decrease the effect of Para-aminosalicylic acid.|1. This drug should not be taken if you have Leber's disease. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease or gout. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Unless directed by your doctor people over 60 years of age should not exceed 100 mg per day.|While overdoses is unlikely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include an increase of the adverse effects of this drug. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)||073[ Adenex Apo-C Arco-Cee Ascorbajen Ascorbicap Ascoril Calscorbate Cecon Cemill Cenolate Cevi-Bid Cetane Cevalin Cevi-Bid Ce-Vi-Sol Cevita C-Ject Flavorcee Liqui-Cee Megascorb Redoxon| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) is a water soluble organic substance essential in small amounts to normal metabolism. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Allow approximately 1 week for this drug to take effect.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used in the treatment of anemia, scurvy, and other Ascorbic Acid deficiencies.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, on rare occasion some may experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and anemia. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. The use of this drug can diminish the effect of Amphetamines, Anticholinergics, Anticoagulants (oral), Antidepressants (tricyclic), Mexiletine, and Quinidine. 2. Vitamin C may increase the possibility of experiencing the adverse effects of Estrogens. 3. Aspirin, Barbiturates, oral Contraceptives and Salicylates may diminish the effect of vitamin C. 4. Vitamin C may increase may increase the effect of barbiturates.|1. This drug should not be taken if you are allergic to Vitamin C. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have anemia, gout, or have had kidney stones. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should not be given large doses and should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should restrict their daily intake to not more than 100 mg. unless under doctor's orders. 6. Extended use of the is vitamin in large doses (more than 2 months straight) may lead to the development of kidney stones.|While overdose is not likely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include dizziness, diarrhea, and vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Vitamin D||073[ Calciferol Calcijex Calcitriol Calderol Deltalin DHT DHT Intensol Dihydotachysterol Hytakerol Ostoforte Radiostol Radiostol Forte Rocaltrol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No-High strength: yes * Available in generic form? Yes Vitamin D is a fat soluble organic substance essential in small amounts to normal metabolism, obtained by irradiating pro vitamin D with ultraviolet light. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used in the treatment of hypocalcemia associated with kidney disease, postoperative muscle contractions, and the prevention of bone diseases. Vitamin D is also used as a daily vitamin supplement.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, on rare occasion some may experience increased thirst, psychosis, pink eye, intense abdominal pain, and an increase in urine output. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Anticonvulsants (hydantoin) Cholestyramine, Cortisone drugs, Mineral oil, Phenobarbital, and Rifampin may result in diminishing the effect of Vitamin D. 2. The use of this drug with magnesium Antacids may lead to excess Magnesium in the body. 3. Vitamin D may decrease the effect of calcium-channel blockers. 4. Vitamin D may lead to irregular heartbeat when used with Digitalis preparations. 5. The use of Vitamin D with large doses of Calcium may lead to excess Calcium in the blood. 6. If taken with other sources of Vitamin D may lead to Vitamin D toxicity.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Vitamin D. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease, epilepsy, heart disease, blood vessel disease, or will become pregnant while using this drug. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should not be given large doses, consult with your doctor for proper dosage. 6. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug.|Overdose, while not likely to be life threatening, can include eye irritation and light sensitivity, nausea, vomiting, irregular heartbeat, intense abdominal pain, weight loss, mood changes, muscle pain, cloudy urine, bone pain, itching, and high blood pressure. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Vitamin E||073[ Aquasol E Chew-E Daltose E-Ferol Eprolin Epsilan-M Pheryl-E Viterra E| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? Yes Vitamin E is an organic substance essential in small amounts to normal metabolism. As an antioxidant it is important in the deactivation of free radicals and in the maintenance of the body's cell membranes. Note: Also available in many vitamin-mineral supplements.|The time required for this drug to take effect has not yet been determined.|Retake once you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used in the treatment of lung problems, circulatory problems, sickle-cell anemia, fibrocystic breast disease, and Vitamin E deficiencies. Vitamin E is also important in normal growth and health.|While life threatening effects are unlikely some may experience diarrhea and blurred vision. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Cholestyramine, Colestipol and Neomycin may diminish the absorption of Vitamin E. 2. Vitamin E can increase the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 3. Mineral oil can diminish the effect of Vitamin E. 4. Vitamin E can diminish the effect of Iron supplements, especially in people with iron deficiency anemia. 5. Proper doses of Vitamin E can increase the benefits of Vitamin A.|1. Do not use this drug if you are allergic to Vitamin E. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have liver disease or have had blood clots. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. Extended use of this drug may lead to Vitamin E toxicity.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include fatigue, nausea and vomiting. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Vitamin K Menadiol Phytonadione||073[ Aqua MEPHYTON Konakion Menadione Mephyton Synkayvite| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? No * Available in generic form? No Vitamin K is an organic substance essential in small amounts to normal metabolism. Vitamin K promotes blood clotting by increasing the prothrombin content of the blood.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 12 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 12 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Vitamin supplement used in the treatment of hemorrhagic disease (in newborns), Anticoagulant overdose resulting in bleeding, and Vitamin K deficiencies. Vitamin K is also used as a daily vitamin supplement.|On rare occasion some may experience skin rash and hives. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Neomycin and Colestipol can diminish Vitamin K absorption. 2. Sulfa drugs and Mineral oil can lead to Vitamin K deficiency. 3. This drug can diminish the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 4. Cholestyramine can diminish the effect of Vitamin K.|1. This drug should not be taken if you have liver disease, G6PD deficiency, or are allergic to Vitamin K. 2. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug.|While overdose is unlikely to be life threatening, overdose symptoms can include vomiting, and nausea. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Aminophylline Dyphilline Oxtriphylline Theophylline|Xanthine Bronchodilators|063Y Accurbron Aerolate Aerophyllin Aminophyllin Apo-Oxtriphylline Aquaphyllin Asbron Asmalix Brondecon Bronkodyl Choledyl Choledyl SA Constant-T Corophyllin Dilor Dilor-400 Duraphyl Dyflex Elixicon Elixomin Elixophyllin Elixophyllin SR Lanophyllin Lixolin Lufyllin Marax Marax DF Neothylline Novotriphyl Palaron Phyllocontin PMS Theophylline Primatene, P Formula Protophylline Pulmophylline Quibron Quibron Plus Quibron-T Quibron-T Dividose Quibron-T/SR Dividose Respbid Slo-bid Gyrocaps Slophyllin Slo-Phyllin Slo-Phyllin Gyrocaps Solu-Phyllin Somophyllin Somophyllin-12 Somophyllin-CRT Somophyllin-DF Somophyllin-T Sustaire Synophylate Tedral T.E.H. Theo Theobid Duracaps Theobid Jr. Duracaps Theochron Theoclear Theoclear L.A. Cenules Theocot Theo-Dur Theo-Dur Sprinkle Theolair Theolair-Plus Theolair-SR Theomar Theon Theophylline SR Theospan SR Theostat Theostat 80 Theo-Time Theovent Long-acting Thylline Truphylline Truxophyllin Uniphyl| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes:High Strength/No:Low Strength * Available in generic form? Yes Xanthine Bronchodilators expand and relax bronchial tubes.|Allow 20 to 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Bronchodilator, (Xanthine), used in the treatment of symptoms associated with bronchial asthma.|While life threatening effects are unlikely, it is not uncommon for some people to experience nausea vomiting, headache, irritability, insomnia, and stomach pain. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Aminoglutethimide, Beta-adrenergic blockers, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, and Rifampin may diminish the effect of this drug. 2. Cimetidine, Clindamycin, Corticosteroids, Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Ranitidine, Sympathomimetics, and Troleandomycin may increase the effect of this drug. 3. The use of this drug with Probenecid or Sulfinpyrazone may increase the effect of Dyphylline. 4. The use of this drug with Rauwolfia alkaloids may result in a rapid heartbeat. 5. The use of this drug may increase the effect of Beta-agonists, Allopurinol and Furosemide. 6. Beta-agonists may increase the effect of this drug. 7. The use of this drug may diminish the effect of Lithium.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any bronchodilator or have a peptic ulcer. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, peptic ulcer, gastritis, high blood pressure, history of kidney or liver problems or are taking medication used in the treatment of gout. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to stomach irritation.|Overdose symptoms can include delirium, restlessness, confusion, irritability, rapid pulse, convulsion, and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Acetazolamide Dichlorphenamide Methazolamide|Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors|062Z Acetazolam Ak-Zol Apo-Acetazolamide Daranide Dazamide Diamox Diamox Sequels Neptazane| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Decreases fluid retention (and internal eye pressure) by preventing the action of carbonic anhydrase.|Allow approximately 2 hours for this drug to take effect.|Retake as soon as you remember, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is a Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to treat insomnia, fluid retention, glaucoma, epileptic seizures, and shortness of breath.|Life threatening can include convulsions. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience ringing ears, irregular or weak heartbeat, fever, back pain, headache, hives, nervousness, nausea, vomiting, blood in urine, mood changes, confusion, hoarseness, trembling and difficulty breathing. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the effect of Amphetamines, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Quinidine and Sympathomimetics. 2. May diminish the effect of Aspirin, Lithium and Methenamine. 3. May result in toxicity when used with Digitalis preparations and Salicylates. 4. May increase the loss of potassium when used with oral Antidiabetics, Cortisone drugs and Diuretics. 5. May result in a loss of bone minerals when used with Anticonvulsants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have kidney disease, diabetes, adrenal gland failure, or are allergic to any carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have lupus, gout, are allergic to any Sulfa drug, or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug should not be given to children under 12 years of age. 6. Extended use of this drug may result in jaundice, kidney stones, weight loss, vision changes, and a possible loss of both taste and smell.|Overdose symptoms can include a numbing sensation in the hands and feet, confusion, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, excitability and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Naltrexone||091] Trexan| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Prevents the effects of narcotic drugs by binding to opiod receptors in the central nervous system.|Allow approximately 1 hour for this drug to take effect.|Follow instructions provided by your doctor.|This drug is a Narcotic antagonist used to treat narcotic addicts.|Life threatening effects can include very rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing, hallucinations and fainting. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience pain in the joints, tenderness of the feet and nose bleeds. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in death when used with any Narcotic drug. Check with your doctor before mixing this drug with any other medication. 2. Do not use with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have liver disease or are currently drug dependent. Close medical supervision is very important while using this drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a mild form of liver disease. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug is not recommended.|Overdose symptoms can include seizures and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Astemizole||017Z Hismanal| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes A non-sedating antihistamine that blocks histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used to treat symptoms of allergy, induce sleep, prevent motion sickness and some symptoms of Parkinson's disease.|It is not uncommon for some to experience nervousness, headache, dry mouth, upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, dry throat, coughing, weakness, sore throat and nose bleeds. Continue taking and make your doctor aware of these symptoms on your next visit. On rare occasion some may experience muscle aches, depression, hair loss, insomnia, tingling sensation in the hands and feet, menstrual irregularities and vision problems. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May diminish the effect of oral Anticoagulants.|1. This drug should not be used if you have glaucoma, asthma, stomach ulcers or are allergic to Astemizole. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have peptic ulcer, kidney disease, enlarged prostate gland or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to liver damage.|Overdose symptoms can include hallucinations, flushed/red face, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Azatadine||017Z Optimine Trinalin Repetabs| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Blocks histamine action of affected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used to treat symptoms of allergy and induce sleep.|On rare occasion some may experience slow or rapid heartbeat, vision changes, fever, nightmares, impotence, fatigue, agitation, sore throat and abnormal bruising or bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in excessive sedation when used with Alcohol, Antidepressants, other Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers and Tranquilizers. 2. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics and Dronabinol. Dronabinol may increase the effect of both drugs. 3. May diminish the effect of oral Anticoagulants. 4. May result in abnormal heart rhythms and a very rapid rise in blood pressure when used with MAO Inhibitors.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have peptic ulcer, asthma, glaucoma, kidney disease, enlarged prostate gland or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty urinating and decreased alertness. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. This drug is not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include flushed/red face, hallucinations, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Brompheniramine||017Z Brocon Bromamine Brombay Bromepath Bromfed Bromphen Chlorphed Dehist Dimetane Dimetane Extentabs Dimetane-Ten Dimetapp Disophrol Chronotabs Drixoral Dura Tap-PD Eldatapp E.N.T. Syrup Histaject modified Histatapp Nasahist B ND-Stat Revised Oraminic II Poly-Histine Ralabromophen Rynatapp S-T Decongestant Symptom 3 Taltapp Tamine S.R. Tapp Tolabromophen Veltane Veltap| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Antagonizes histamines at the histamine receptor site.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used to treat symptoms of allergy and induce sleep.|On rare occasion some may experience rapid heartbeat, vision changes, nightmares, sore throat, irritability, weakness, fatigue and abnormal bruising or bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in a dangerous rise in blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors. 2. Tranquilizers, sedatives, and sleep inducers may increase the effect of this drug. 3. Should not be used with alcohol. May intensify the intoxicating effect.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have peptic ulcer, asthma, glaucoma, kidney disease, enlarged prostate gland and or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty urinating and decreased alertness. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include a red/flushed face, hallucinations, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Amfebutamone Bupropion||082] Wellbutrin| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Blocks the uptake of dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.|Allow approximately a month and a half for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antidepressant used to treat extreme depression (mental).|Life threatening effects can include seizures. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience aggression, hallucinations, fever, fainting, fatigue, skin rash, chills, blurred vision and nightmares. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May increase the chances of producing a major seizure when used with tricyclic Antidepressants, Haloperidol, Lithium, Loxapine, Molindone, Phenothiazines and Thioxanthenes. 2. Cimetidine may increase the effect of this drug. 3. May increase the chance of Bupropion toxicity when used with MAO inhibitors. 4. May induce seizures when used with Alcohol.|1. This drug should not be used if you have brain tumors, recent head injuries, seizures, spinal cord tumors, bulimia, or anorexia nervosa. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have heart disease, abuse drugs, liver disease, kidney disease or have manic phases to your depression. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include seizures, confusion, irritability and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Carprofen||014e Rimadyl| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Reduces specific signs of inflammation such as pain, swelling, fever and tenderness, by keeping the blood vessels open and clear.|Allow approximately one hour for this drug to take effect.|Take as soon as you remember, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is a Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory used to treat ostearthritis, gouty arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.|Life threatening effects can include abnormal heart rhythms, confusion, depression, palpitations and heart failure. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience nervousness, tingling sensation in the hands and feet, bloody urine, frequent urination, difficulty breathing, hair loss, skin rash, itching, tremor and blurred vision. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Can be fatal when used with Methotrexate. 2. May reduce the effect of Beta-Blocking drugs. 3. May increase the effect of Sulfa drugs, Antidiabetics, Phenytoin, Lithium, Anticoagulants and Antiseizure drugs. 4. The use of Alcohol and Aspirin should be avoided when using this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Aspirin or any other Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drug. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney disease or stomach ulcers. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. Infants and children should use this drug only under medical supervision. 5. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug.|Overdose symptoms can include headache, ringing ears, dizziness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, disorientation, drowsiness, stomach pains, blurred vision, tingling sensation in the hands and feet or lethargy. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Carteolol||013Z Catrol| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Impedes specific sympathetic nervous system actions and reduces the oxygen requirements of the heart.|Allow approximately 4 hours for this drug to take effect.|Take as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. However, if within 8 hours of your next scheduled dose wait and take at that time. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is a Beta-Adrenergic blocking agent used to treat angina pectoris and high blood pressure.|Life threatening effects can include shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. On rare occasion some may experience insomnia, joint pain, chest pain, sore throat, breathing difficulties, hallucinations and headache. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. Theophylline, Aminophylline, Estrogens, and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs may diminish the blood pressure lowering effect of this drug. 2. The effect of this drug may be increased when used with Nicorette, Cimetidine, Phenothiazine, and Molindone. 3. May produce a sudden increase in blood pressure when used with MAO inhibitors. 4. May increase the effect of Insulin and oral Antidiabetics. 5. May diminish the effect of Digitalis preparations.|1. This drug should not be used if you have a consistently very slow heart rate or will be having major surgery within the next week. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have a history of upper respiratory disease, asthma, or heart failure. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for infants and children. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty breathing, cold hands and feet, chest pains, changes in heartbeat and a general feeling of uneasiness. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug should be followed up by periodic medical examinations.|Overdose symptoms can include difficulty breathing, drop in blood pressure, slowed heart rate and heart failure. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Cephradine||012Y Anspor Ro-ceph Velosef| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? Yes Kills bacteria susceptible to this drug.|Allow 2 to 3 days for this drug to take effect.|Take as soon as you remember or double your next dose, then continue based on the original schedule.|This drug is an Antibiotic (cephalosporin) used to treat bacterial infections.|Life threatening effects can involve an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) and include skin rash, intense itching, hives, and faintness. If this occurs contact Emergency Medical Help Immediately. Additionally, it is not uncommon for some to experience itching, skin rash and redness. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible. On rare occasion some may experience appetite loss, cramps, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, blood or mucus in stool, fever, joint pain, abdominal cramps, weakness and abnormal bruising or bleeding. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in kidney toxicity when used with Alcohol. 2. May increase the effect of Anticoagulants. 3. May result in producing peptic ulcers when used with Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs. 4. Prebenecid may increase the effect of this drug. 5. Erythromycins, Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin and Tetracyclines may diminish the antibiotic effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Cephalosporin Antibiotic. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have kidney problems, enteritis, colitis, or are allergic to any Penicillin Antibiotic. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. People over 60 years of age should consult with your doctor before using this drug. 5. Extended use may lead to secondary infections.|Overdose symptoms can include vomiting, nausea, severe diarrhea (may contain blood or mucus), abdominal cramps and convulsions. If you suspect an overdose or allergic reaction contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Chlorhexidine Gluconate||022a Peridex Oral Rinse| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Yes * Available in generic form? No Kills bacteria susceptible to this drug.|Allow approximately 24 hours for this drug to take effect.|Take as soon as you remember, then continue based on the revised schedule. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an oral disinfectant used to treat swelling of the gums, gum disease, minor mouth ulcers and irritations caused by dentures.|It is not uncommon for some to experience a loss or change of taste and tooth stain. Continue taking and make your doctor aware of these symptoms on your next visit. On rare occasion some may experience a loss of tissue and minor mouth irritations. This is particularly true in children.|1. This drug should not be used with any other oral drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to Chlorhexidine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have any front tooth fillings (may result in the need for cosmetic treatment). 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for children less than 18 years of age.|While not intended to be taken internally, small children may sometimes swallow this solution and experience stomach pains and signs of Alcohol intoxication. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Chlorpheniramine||017Z 4-Way Cold Tablets Acutuss Acutuss Expectorant w/Codeine Alermine Alka-Seltzer Plus Aller-Chlor Allerbid Tymcaps Allerest Allerform Allergesic Allerid - O.D. AL-R Alumadrine Anafed Anamine Anatuss Antagonate Brexin Bronkotuss Cerose Compound Children's Allerest Chlo-Amine Chlorafed Chloramate Unicelles Chlor-Histine Chlor-MAL Chlormine Chlor-Niramine Chlor-100 Chlorphen Chlor-PRO Chlor-Span Chlortab Chlor-Trimeton Chlor-Trimeton w/Codeine Chlor-Trimeton Repetabs Chlor-Tripolon Ciramine Ciriforte Citra Forte Codimal Coldene Colrex Comhist Comtrex Conex w/Codeine Conex-DA Cophene-X Co-Pyronil 2 Coricidin Coricidin "D" Corilin Coryban-D Coryzaid Cosea Co-Tylenol Covanamine Covangesic Dallergy Deconamine Dehist Demazin Dextromal Dextro-Tussin DM Plus Donatussin Dorcol Drinus Dristan Drize M Duadacin Duphrene Dura-Vent/A E.N.T. Expectrosed Extendryl Fedahist Fernhist Ginsopan Guaiahist TT Guaiamine Guistrey Fortis Hal-Chlor Histalet Histalon Histamic Hidtaspan Hista-Vadrin Histex Histor-D Timecelles Historal Histrey Hycoff Hycomine Compound Iophen-C Isoclor Korigesic Koryza Kronofed-A Kronohist Kronocaps Lanatuss Marhist Naldecon Naldetuss Napril Plateau Narine Gyrocaps Narspan Nasahist Neo-Codenyl-M Neotep Granucaps Nilcol Nolamine Novafed A Novahistine Novopheniram Omni-Tuss Ornade Spansule P.R. Syrup P-V-Tussin Palohist Partuss T.D. Pediacof Phenacol-DM Phenate Phenetron Phenetron Lanacaps Polaramine Probahist Protid Improved Formula Pseudo-Hist Pyma Pyrroxate Pyrroxate w/Codeine Quadrahist Quelidrine Queltuss Resaid T.D. Rhinex Rhinolar Rhinolar-EX Ru-Tuss Rynatan Rynatuss Salphenyl Scot-Tussin Sinarest Singlet Sinovan Sinulin T.D. Alermine Tedral Anti-H Teldrin Teldrin Spansules T.P.I. Triaminicin Trymegen Tusquelin Tuss-Ornade Tussar Tussi-Organidin U.R.I. Wesmatic Forte| * Addiction Potential? No * Prescription Required? Some * Available in generic form? Yes Blocks the histamine action of effected cells.|Allow approximately 30 minutes for this drug to take effect.|If you remember within 2 hours of having missed your dose, retake. If more than 2 hours late wait until your next scheduled dose. Caution: Do Not Double the Dose.|This drug is an Antihistamine used to treat symptoms of allergy, motion sickness and to induce sleep.|On rare occasion some may experience rapid heartbeat, vision changes, irritability, fever, nightmares, weakness, abnormal bruising or bleeding and fatigue. If this occurs cease taking this drug and consult with your doctor as soon as possible.|1. May result in excessive sedation when used with Antidepressants, Antihistamines, Hypnotics, Mind-altering drugs, Narcotics, Sedatives, Sleep inducers, Tranquilizers and Alcohol. 2. MAO inhibitors may increase the effect of this drug. 3. Dronabinol may increase the effect of both drugs. 4. Oral Anticoagulants may diminish the effect of this drug. 5. May increase the effect of Anticholinergics. 6. Molindone may increase the antihistamine effect of this drug.|1. This drug should not be used if you are allergic to any Antihistamine. 2. Before using this drug consult with your doctor if you have peptic ulcer, asthma, glaucoma, kidney disease, enlarged prostate gland or will be having surgery (including dental) within the next 2 months requiring either spinal or general anesthesia. 3. If pregnant or breast-feeding consult with your doctor before using this drug. 4. This drug is not recommended for newborn or premature infants. 5. People over 60 years of age may experience difficulty urinating and decreased alertness. Consult with your doctor before using this drug. 6. Caution should be exercised while piloting aircraft, driving and working around machinery while under the influence of this drug. 7. Extended use of this drug may lead to nerve cell and bone marrow damage.|Overdose symptoms can include a red/flushed face, hallucinations, convulsions and coma. If you suspect an overdose contact medical help and area Poison Control Center immediately.|Chlorzoxazone||055` Algisin Chlorzone Forte Pa |