ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА КОАПП
Сборники Художественной, Технической, Справочной, Английской, Нормативной, Исторической, и др. литературы.



                The Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors

                   The Oxford English Dictionary Department


CONTENTS Table of Contents
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


 Title Page    TITLE

 Edition Notice    EDITION

 Security Notice    SECURITY

 Notices    NOTICES

 Table of Contents    CONTENTS

 Figures    FIGURES

 Conventions used in the Dictionary    FRONT_1

 Abbreviations    FRONT_2

 Proprietary terms    FRONT_3

 Plates    FRONT_4

 A    1.0
 A...    1.1
 AA...    1.2
 AB...    1.3
 AC...    1.4
 AD...    1.5
 A.E....    1.6
 AF...    1.7
 AG...    1.8
 AH...    1.9
 AI...    1.10
 Ajaccio...    1.11
 AK...    1.12
 AL...    1.13
 AM...    1.14
 AN...    1.15
 AO...    1.16
 AP...    1.17
 aqua...    1.18
 AR...    1.19
 AS...    1.20
 AT...    1.21
 AU...    1.22
 AV...    1.23
 a/w...    1.24
 ax....    1.25
 ay...    1.26
 AZ...    1.27

 B    2.0
 B...    2.1
 BA...    2.2
 BB...    2.3
 BC...    2.4
 BD...    2.5
 BE...    2.6
 b.f....    2.7
 BGC    2.8
 Bhagavadgita...    2.9
 Bi...    2.10
 Bk...    2.11
 BL...    2.12
 BM...    2.13
 bn....    2.14
 BO...    2.15
 BP...    2.16
 Bq    2.17
 BR...    2.18
 BS...    2.19
 Bt....    2.20
 BU...    2.21
 BV...    2.22
 BWI...    2.23
 by...    2.24
 bzw.    2.25

 C    3.0
 C...    3.1
 CA...    3.2
 CB...    3.3
 CC...    3.4
 CD...    3.5
 CE...    3.6
 CF...    3.7
 CG...    3.8
 CH...    3.9
 CI...    3.10
 CJ    3.11
 Cl...    3.12
 CM...    3.13
 CNAA...    3.14
 CO...    3.15
 CP...    3.16
 CR...    3.17
 CS...    3.18
 CT...    3.19
 CU...    3.20
 cv....    3.21
 Cwlth...    3.22
 cybernetics...    3.23
 CZ...    3.24

 D    4.0
 D...    4.1
 DA...    4.2
 DB...    4.3
 DC...    4.4
 DD...    4.5
 DE...    4.6
 DF...    4.7
 DG...    4.8
 Dhaka...    4.9
 DI...    4.10
 DJ...    4.11
 DL...    4.12
 DM...    4.13
 DN...    4.14
 do...    4.15
 DP...    4.16
 DR...    4.17
 DS...    4.18
 Du....    4.19
 DV...    4.20
 d.w....    4.21
 Dy...    4.22
 dzho...    4.23

 E    5.0
 E...    5.1
 each...    5.2
 EB...    5.3
 EC...    5.4
 ed....    5.5
 EE...    5.6
 effect...    5.7
 e.g....    5.8
 eh...    5.9
 ei...    5.10
 ejector...    5.11
 El...    5.12
 EM...    5.13
 en...    5.14
 EO...    5.15
 EP...    5.16
 eq....    5.17
 ER...    5.18
 ES...    5.19
 ET...    5.20
 Eu...    5.21
 eV...    5.22
 Ew....    5.23
 ex...    5.24
 Eyck...    5.25
 Ezekiel...    5.26

 F    6.0
 F...    6.1
 FA...    6.2

 G    7.0
 G...    7.1
 GA...    7.2
 GB...    7.3
 GC...    7.4
 GD...    7.5
 Ge...    7.6
 GFS...    7.7
 GG...    7.8
 Ghadames...    7.9
 GI...    7.10
 Gk.    7.11
 glace...    7.12
 GM...    7.13
 gn....    7.14
 GO...    7.15
 GP...    7.16
 GR...    7.17
 GS...    7.18
 GT...    7.19
 gu....    7.20
 Gwalior...    7.21
 Gy...    7.22

 H    8.0
 H...    8.1
 HA...    8.2
 HB...    8.3
 HC...    8.4
 hd....    8.5
 HE...    8.6
 HF...    8.7
 HG...    8.8
 HH...    8.9
 HI...    8.10
 HJ...    8.11
 HK    8.12
 HL...    8.13
 HM...    8.14
 HNC, HND    8.15
 HO...    8.16
 HP...    8.17
 HQ    8.18
 HR...    8.19
 HS...    8.20
 ht....    8.21
 HU...    8.22
 h.w....    8.23
 Hy...    8.24
 Hz    8.25

 I    9.0
 I...    9.1
 IA...    9.2
 IBA...    9.3
 IC...    9.4
 ID...    9.5
 ie...    9.6
 IF...    9.7
 IG...    9.8
 i.h....    9.9
 II...    9.10
 IJ...    9.11
 ikon    9.12
 IL...    9.13
 IM...    9.14
 IN...    9.15
 I/O...    9.16
 IP...    9.17
 IQ...    9.18
 IR...    9.19
 IS...    9.20
 It....    9.21
 IU...    9.22
 IV...    9.23
 IW...    9.24
 IX    9.25
 Izaak...    9.26

 J    10.0
 J...    10.1
 JA...    10.2
 Jb.    10.3
 JC...    10.4
 JD    10.5
 je...    10.6
 Jg.    10.7
 Jhelum...    10.8
 jib...    10.9
 JJ.    10.10
 Jno....    10.11
 JO...    10.12
 JP    10.13
 JR...    10.14
 jt....    10.15
 Juan...    10.16
 j'y suis, j'y reste    10.17

 K    11.0
 K...    11.1
 Kaaba...    11.2
 KB...    11.3
 KC...    11.4
 KD    11.5
 KE...    11.6
 KG...    11.7
 Khachaturyan (Aram Ilyich)...    11.8
 kiak...    11.9
 Kk....    11.10
 kleistogamic...    11.11
 km....    11.12
 KN...    11.13
 KO...    11.14
 KP...    11.15
 KR...    11.16
 KS...    11.17
 KT...    11.18
 Ku...    11.19
 kV...    11.20
 kW...    11.21
 KY...    11.22

 L    12.0
 L...    12.1
 LA...    12.2
 lb....    12.3
 LC...    12.4
 LD...    12.5
 њE...    12.6
 LF    12.7
 LG...    12.8
 l.h....    12.9
 LI...    12.10
 LJ...    12.11
 LL...    12.12
 LM...    12.13
 ln...    12.14
 LO...    12.15
 LP...    12.16
 lr....    12.17
 LS...    12.18
 Lt....    12.19
 Lu...    12.20
 LV...    12.21
 Lw...    12.22
 lx...    12.23
 Lyadov...    12.24

 M    13.0
 M...    13.1
 MA...    13.2
 MB...    13.3
 MC...    13.4
 MD...    13.5
 ME...    13.6
 MF...    13.7
 MG...    13.8
 MH...    13.9
 MI...    13.10
 MJI    13.11
 Mk....    13.12
 ML...    13.13
 MM...    13.14
 MN...    13.15
 MO...    13.16
 MP...    13.17
 MR...    13.18
 MS...    13.19
 MT...    13.20
 mucus...    13.21
 MV...    13.22
 MW...    13.23
 Mx    13.24
 MY...    13.25

 N    14.0
 N...    14.1
 NA...    14.2
 NB...    14.3
 NC...    14.4
 ND...    14.5
 NE...    14.6
 NF...    14.7
 NG...    14.8
 NH...    14.9
 NI...    14.10
 NJ    14.11
 NKGB...    14.12
 NL...    14.13
 NM...    14.14
 nn....    14.15
 NO...    14.16
 NP...    14.17
 NR...    14.18
 NS...    14.19
 NT...    14.20
 n.u....    14.21
 NV...    14.22
 NW...    14.23
 NY...    14.24
 NZ    14.25

 O    15.0
 O...    15.1
 o/a...    15.2
 OB...    15.3
 OC...    15.4
 OD...    15.5
 OE...    15.6
 OF...    15.7
 O.Gael....    15.8
 OH...    15.9
 oidium...    15.10
 Ojibwa...    15.11
 OK...    15.12
 OL...    15.13
 OM...    15.14
 ON...    15.15
 Oodeypore...    15.16
 OP...    15.17
 OR...    15.18
 OS...    15.19
 OT...    15.20
 OU...    15.21
 ovenware...    15.22
 Owens College...    15.23
 Ox....    15.24
 oyez!    15.25
 oz....    15.26

 P    16.0
 P...    16.1
 PA...    16.2
 PB...    16.3
 PC...    16.4
 PD...    16.5
 PE...    16.6
 PF...    16.7
 PG...    16.8
 pH...    16.9
 PI...    16.10
 PJ    16.11
 PK...    16.12
 PL...    16.13
 PM...    16.14
 p.n....    16.15
 PO...    16.16
 PP...    16.17
 PQ    16.18
 PR...    16.19
 PS...    16.20
 PT...    16.21
 Pu...    16.22
 PVC    16.23
 Pwllheli...    16.24
 pyaemia...    16.25

 Q    17.0
 Q...    17.1
 QAB...    17.2
 QB...    17.3
 QC    17.4
 q.e....    17.5
 QF    17.6
 qibla    17.7
 QKt    17.8
 q.l....    17.9
 QM...    17.10
 QN...    17.11
 Qom    17.12
 QP...    17.13
 QR...    17.14
 QS...    17.15
 qt....    17.16
 qu....    17.17
 q.v.    17.18
 qwerty keyboard    17.19
 qy    17.20

 R    18.0
 R...    18.1
 RA...    18.2
 Rb...    18.3
 RC...    18.4
 RD...    18.5
 RE...    18.6
 RF...    18.7
 RGS    18.8
 RH...    18.9
 RI...    18.10
 RL...    18.11
 RM...    18.12
 RN...    18.13
 RO...    18.14
 RP...    18.15
 RQMS    18.16
 RRC...    18.17
 RS...    18.18
 RT...    18.19
 RU...    18.20
 RV    18.21
 RW...    18.22
 Rx.    18.23
 Ry....    18.24

 S    19.0
 S...    19.1
 SA...    19.2
 Sb...    19.3
 SC...    19.4
 SD...    19.5
 SE...    19.6
 SF...    19.7
 S.-G....    19.8
 sh....    19.9
 SI...    19.10
 SJ...    19.11
 Skagerrak...    19.12
 SL...    19.13
 SM...    19.14
 Sn...    19.15
 SO...    19.16
 Sp....    19.17
 sq....    19.18
 SR...    19.19
 SS...    19.20
 St...    19.21
 Suabia...    19.22
 SV...    19.23
 SW...    19.24
 SY...    19.25
 Szczecin...    19.26

 T    20.0
 T...    20.1
 TA...    20.2
 TB...    20.3
 Tc...    20.4
 TD    20.5
 Te...    20.6
 t.g....    20.7
 Th...    20.8
 Ti...    20.9
 TKO    20.10
 Tl...    20.11
 TM...    20.12
 TN...    20.13
 TO...    20.14
 Tpr.    20.15
 Tr....    20.16
 TS...    20.17
 TT...    20.18
 TU...    20.19
 TV...    20.20
 TWA...    20.21
 TX    20.22
 TYC...    20.23
 tzar...    20.24

 U    21.0
 U...    21.1
 UAE...    21.2
 U-boat    21.3
 UC...    21.4
 Udaipur...    21.5
 UEA...    21.6
 UFAW...    21.7
 Uganda...    21.8
 UHF...    21.9
 u.i....    21.10
 UJD    21.11
 UK...    21.12
 Ullswater...    21.13
 Umbala...    21.14
 UN...    21.15
 UP...    21.16
 uraemia...    21.17
 US...    21.18
 UT...    21.19
 UU    21.20
 UV    21.21
 U/W...    21.22
 uxor    21.23
 Uzbekistan    21.24

 V    22.0
 V...    22.1
 VA...    22.2
 vb.    22.3
 VC...    22.4
 VD...    22.5
 VE...    22.6
 v.f.    22.7
 VG...    22.8
 VHF    22.9
 v.i....    22.10
 VJ    22.11
 v.l....    22.12
 v.M....    22.13
 v.n.    22.14
 VO...    22.15
 VP    22.16
 VR...    22.17
 VS...    22.18
 VT...    22.19
 vudu...    22.20
 vv....    22.21
 VW    22.22
 v.y....    22.23

 W    23.0
 W...    23.1
 WA...    23.2
 Wb...    23.3
 WC...    23.4
 WD    23.5
 w/e...    23.6
 WFEO...    23.7
 W.G....    23.8
 Wh...    23.9
 WI...    23.10
 wk.    23.11
 W. long.    23.12
 Wm....    23.13
 WNW    23.14
 WO...    23.15
 WP...    23.16
 WR...    23.17
 WS...    23.18
 WT...    23.19
 wunderkind...    23.20
 WV...    23.21
 w/w    23.22
 WY...    23.23

 X    24.0
 X...    24.1
 Xanthippe...    24.2
 XC...    24.3
 x.d.    24.4
 Xe...    24.5
 x-height...    24.6
 x.i.    24.7
 XL...    24.8
 Xmas    24.9
 Xn....    24.10
 XP    24.11
 X-ray    24.12
 Xt.    24.13
 XX...    24.14
 xylography...    24.15

 Y    25.0
 Y...    25.1
 yacht...    25.2
 YB...    25.3
 YC...    25.4
 yd.    25.5
 Yeames (William Frederick)...    25.6
 Yggdrasil    25.7
 YHA    25.8
 Yiddish...    25.9
 ylang-ylang    25.10
 YMCA...    25.11
 Ynca...    25.12
 yobbo...    25.13
 Ypres    25.14
 Yquem    25.15
 yr....    25.16
 Ysaye (EugЉne)...    25.17
 YT    25.18
 Yucat n...    25.19
 Yvetot    25.20
 YWCA    25.21

 Z    26.0
 Z...    26.1
 zabaglione...    26.2
 z.B.    26.3
 Zealand...    26.4
 zho...    26.5
 zibet...    26.6
 zloty    26.7
 Zn    26.8
 zo...    26.9
 ZPG    26.10
 Zr    26.11
 Zs    26.12
 zucchetto...    26.13
 Zwingli (Ulrich)    26.14

FIGURES Figures
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

    1.  Meters in English Poetry.   FRONT_4
    2.  Apothecaries signs.   FRONT_4
    3.  Planetary and zodiacal signs.   FRONT_4
    4.  Crosses and ecclesiastical signs.   FRONT_4
    5.  Reference marks.   FRONT_4

FRONT_1 Conventions used in the Dictionary
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

   The reader will appreciate that in a work of this size a number of special
   conventions are adopted in the interests of saving space. The most
   important of these are listed below.

   1.  highlighting:  Contrasting highlighting has been applied to headwords
       normally to be printed in italics.

   2.  oblique stroke: An oblique stroke (/) is used to mark the end of that
       part of the headword to which highlighted elements introduced with a
       dash or a hyphen later in the same entry should be attached. Thus the
       entry collegi/um, ...pl -a shows that the plural form should be
       collegia, and the inflexions given as gallop/, ...-ed, -er, ing are to
       be understood as galloped, galloper, and galloping

   3.  dash: A dash (--) is used to stand for the repetition of a single word
       already given, and the oblique stroke again marks the end of a common
       element. Use of more than one dash indicates the repetition of a
       corresponding number of words.

   4.  hyphen:  In headwords the hyphen (-) serves two purposes: to indicate
       that a compound is normally hyphenated whenever used, and to introduce
       a further second element to form a compound with a first element
       marked off earlier in the entry by means of an oblique stroke

   5.  Being a dictionary and not a descriptive handbook, this book is
       designed to provide information whenever possible at the point in the
       alphabetical sequence to which the reader may be expected to refer
       with a particular word in mind. The compilers have thought it useful
       however to include general entries on broader aspects of usage,
       especially where this has enabled them to group together
       representative examples of words and uses of which total coverage in
       their respective places in the dictionary is precluded for reasons of
       space. Appended below is a list of longer entries which deal with the
       broader aspects of usage:

           abbreviations and contractions
           -able
           Acts of Parliament
           Arabic
           Assemblies
           astronomy
           authorities
           book sizes
           botany
           BSI
           capitalization
           Chinese
           creole
           date
           decimal currency
           decimal fractions
           diphthongs
           division of words
           Dutch
           edition
           -ei-
           elision
           ellipsis
           footnotes
           fractions
           French
           German
           Greek
           headlines or running titles
           Hebrew
           -ie-
           impression
           imprint
           Italian
           italic
           -ize and -ise
           Japanese
           Latin
           ligature
           -like
           Mac
           manuscript
           mathematics
           names of persons and places
           neo-
           non-
           numerals
           pagination
           poetry
           Polish
           possessive case
           preliminary matter
           proof
           proof-correction marks
           punctuation
           quotation marks
           quotations
           re-
           reference marks
           Russian
           Saint
           SI
           Swedish
           Syriac
           titles (cited)
           US spellings
           well-
           Welsh
           -yse
           zoology

   All dates given in the dictionary are after Christ unless otherwise
   specified.

FRONT_2 Abbreviations
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   Abbreviations used regularly in the rulings and explanations are listed
   below; others are given in the dictionary itself. Abbreviations of
   subjects (anthropology, botany, etc.) are also valid for their
   corresponding adjectival forms (anthropological, botanical, etc.).

   abbr.          abbreviation
   absol.         absolute, (used) absolutely
   adj.           adjective
   adv.           adverb
   Afr.           Africa(n)
   Afrik.         Afrikaans
   anat.          anatomy
   anc.           ancient
   anthrop.       anthropology
   apos.          apostrophe
   Arab.          Arabic
   arch.          archaic
   archaeol.      archaeology
   archit.        architecture
   astr.          astronomy
   attrib.        attributive, (used) attributively
   b.             born
   bacteriol.     bacteriology
   bibliog.       bibliography
   bind.          binding
   bot.           botany
   Brit.          British
   c.             century
   c. (italic)    circa
   campan.        campanology
   Can.           Canada, -ian
   cap.           capital
   cc.            centuries
   Ch.            Church
   chem.          chemistry, chemical
   Chin.          China, Chinese
   class.         classical
   collect.       collective(ly)
   colloq.        colloquial(ly)
   comb.          combination, combining
   comp.          computer typesetting
   cook.          cookery
   d.             died
   Dan.           Danish
   dau.           daughter
   d‚p.           d‚partement (Fr.)
   derog.         derogatory
   dress.         dressmaking
   Du.            Dutch
   dyn.           dynamics
   eccl.          ecclesiastical
   elec.          electrical
   esp.           especially
   exclam.        exclamation
   f., fem.       feminine
   fam.           family
   fig.           figurative(ly)
   Fl.            Flemish
   foot.          football
   Fr.            French
   gen.           general
   geog.          geography
   geol.          geology
   geom.          geometry
   Ger.           German
   Gr.            Greek
   gram.          grammar
   her.           heraldry
   hist.          history
   hort.          horticulture
   hunt.          hunting
   Ind.           India(n)
   indep.         independent
   Ins.           Insurance
   Ir.            Irish
   It.            Italian
   ital.          italic
   joc.           jocular(ly)
   Lat.           Latin
   lit.           literary
   liturg.        liturgical, liturgy
   m.             masculine
   mag.           magnetism
   math.          mathematics
   mech.          mechanics
   med.           medicine
   meteor.        meteorology
   mfr.           manufacture
   mil.           military
   mod.           modern
   mt.            mountain
   mus.           music
   myth.          mythology
   n., neut.      neuter
   naut.          nautical
   obs.           obsolete
   off.           official
   orig.          original(ly)
   ornith.        ornithology
   Parl.          Parliament(ary)
   partic.        participle, participial
   path.          pathology
   philos.        philosophy
   photog.        photography
   phys.          physics, physical
   physiol.       physiology
   pl.            plural
   poet.          poetical
   polit.         political
   Port.          Portuguese
   predic.        predicative (used) predicatively
   prep.          preposition
   pron.          pronounced
   propr.         proprietary
   pseud.         pseudonym
   psych.         psychology
   RC(C)          Roman Catholic (Church)
   relig.         religion
   rhet.          rhetoric(al)
   Rom.           Roman
   Russ.          Russian
   s.             small
   S. Afr.        South Africa(n)
   S. Amer.       South America(n)
   Sc.            Scottish
   Scan.          Scandinavian
   sci.           science
   Scrip.         Scripture
   sig.           signature
   sing.          singular
   Skt.           Sanskrit
   Sp.            Spanish
   spec.          specifically
   Swed.          Swedish
   techn.         technical
   theat.         theatre
   theol.         theology
   trop.          tropical
   Turk.          Turkish
   typ.           typography
   US             United States, America(n)
   usu.           usually
   zool.          zoology

FRONT_3 Proprietary terms
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   This dictionary includes some words which are or are asserted to be
   proprietary names or trade marks.

   Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes
   a non-proprietary or general significance, nor is any other judgement
   implied concerning their legal status.

   In cases where the compilers have some evidence that a word is used as a
   proprietary name or trade mark this is indicated by the words 'propr.
   term', but no judgement concerning the legal status of such words is made
   or implied thereby.

FRONT_4 Plates
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   Figure 5. Reference marks.

1.0 A
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1.1 A...
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   A         Advanced (Level examination), ampere, avancer (on timepiece
             regulator), the first in a series; film-censorship
             classification

   A.        Academician, Academy, Acting (rank), alto, amateur, anna,
             answer, artillery, Associate

   a         are (unit of area) (no point in scientific and technical work),
             atto-, year

   a.        accepted (Fr. accept‚, Ger.  acceptiert), on bills of exchange;
             acre, active (in grammar), adjective, anna, area, arrive, (Lat.)
             ante (before)

   a         not an, before all words beginning with a consonant (except
             silent h: e.g. a horse, a hotel; but an heir, an hour) or with a
             vowel that is pronounced with the sound of w or y: e.g. a one, a
             European, a union. Similarly with abbreviations: e.g. an FA Cup
             match, a Unesco post

   Ћ, „      in German, Swedish, etc., may not be replaced by Ae, ae (except
             in some proper names), A, a, or ligatured Ae, ae. The first only
             of two vowels takes the umlaut sign, as „u

   Џ         †ngstr”m

   †         the "Swedish a", used in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish

   @         at, the "commercial a" used in calculating from prices

   A0        ("A nought" or "A zero"), paper size. See DIN

   A1        first class; see Lloyd's

1.2 AA...
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   AA        Advertising Association, Alcoholics Anonymous, anti-aircraft,
             Architectural Association, Associate in Arts, Automobile
             Association; film-censorship classification

   AAA       Amateur Athletic Association, American Automobile Association

   AAC       anno ante Christum (in the year before Christ) (s. caps.)

   Aachen    W. Germany; cf. Aix-la-Chapelle

   AAF       Auxiliary Air Force (till 1957), (US) Army Air Force

   AAG       Assistant Adjutant-General

   AAIA      Associate of the Association of International Accountants

   AAMI      Association of Assistant Mistresses, Incorporated (usu.  called
             AAM). See also IAAM

   A. & M.   (Hymns) Ancient and Modern

   A. & N.   Army and Navy (Stores, Club)

   a.a.O.    (Ger.), am angefЃhrten Orte (at the place quoted)

   AAR       against all risks (Ins.)

   aard/vark, -wolf
             different animals (one word)

   Aarhus    Denmark.

   AAS       Academiae Americanae Socius (Fellow of the American Academy of
             Arts and Sciences), Acta Apostolicae Sedis (Acts of the
             Apostolic See), Agnostics' Adoption Society

   AAU       (US), Amateur Athletic Union

1.3 AB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   AB        Artium Baccalaureus (US Bachelor of Arts); able-bodied (seaman)

   ab        (Lat.), from

   ABA       Amateur Boxing Association, American Bankers' Association,
             American Bar Association, Antiquarian Booksellers' Association,
             Association of British Archaeologists

   ABAA      Associate of British Association of Accountants and Auditors

   abac/us   pl. -uses, counting-frame, (archit.) plate at top of columns

   abalone   shellfish … bas (Fr.), down with

   abattoir  slaughter-house Abb.  (Ger.), Abbildung

   abb.      abbess, abbey, abbot

   Abbasid   Baghdad caliphs, not Abassid

   abb‚      (Fr. m.) eccl. title (not ital.)

   Abbildung/
             (Ger. typ. f.), an illustration (cap.); pl. -en; abbr.  Abb.

   Abbotsinch Airport
             Glasgow

   abbr.     abbreviat/ed, -ion

   abbreviat/e, -or


   abbreviations and contractions
             See the many instances in this book for rulings in individual
             cases.  Subject to these, the following leading types may be
             noted for guidance:

             (a)  Abbreviations with several even full or even small
                  capitals, and acronyms in initial capitals and lower case,
                  take no points (BBC, TUC, MA, QC, NW, OHG, OED, BC, AD,
                  Aslef, Sogat); similarly the numerical abbreviations 8vo,
                  4to, etc., 1st, 2nd, etc., but not initials of personal
                  names (H. G. Wells, G.B.S.).

             (b)  Abbreviations having a single capital letter take full
                  points (J. Austen, five miles S.); but C, F (of
                  temperature) and chemical symbols do not.

             (c)  Abbreviations and contractions in a mixture of upper and
                  lower case take full points (A. & M., M.o.D., B.Litt., Kt.,
                  Sun., Jan., Yorks.); Dr, Revd, Mr, Mrs, Ms, Mme, Mlle, St
                  (Saint), Hants, Northants do not.

             (d)  Single-letter lower-case abbreviations take the full point
                  (l. 5, p. 7, don't be a b. fool); but p (new pence) does
                  not (price 50p).

             (e)  Measures of length, weight, time, etc. take the full point
                  except when used in specialist scientific or technical
                  writing (cm., min., lb.)

   ABC       the alphabet, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, Associated British
             Cinemas, Audit Bureau of Circulations, Australian Broadcasting
             Commission

   ABCA      Army Bureau of Current Affairs, now BCA, Bureau of Current
             Affairs

   ABC Guide

   abdicat/e, -ion, -or


   abecedarian
             (adj.), arranged alphabetically; (noun), person learning
             alphabet

   … Becket (Thomas)
             ?1118-70, Abp.  (one t)

   Abendlied (Ger.), evening song (cap.)

   Aberdeen Angus
             (two caps.)

   Aberdeen terrier
             (one cap.)

   Aberdonian
             (native) of Aberdeen

   Abergavenny
             Gwent

   Abernethy biscuit
             (one cap.)

   Aberystwyth
             Dyfed, not -ith

   abest     (Lat.), he, she, or it, is absent; pl. absunt

   abett/er  in law -or

   ab extra  (Lat.), from outside

   abgk., abk., abgekЃrzt
             (Ger.) = abbreviated

   Abhandlungen
             (Ger. f. pl.), Transactions (of a Society); abbr.  Abh.

   Abidjan   Ivory Coast

   abigail   lady's maid

   Abilene   Kan., Tex., US

   ab incunabulis
             (Lat.), from the cradle

   Abingdon  Oxon. and Va., US

   Abington  Cambs., Northampton, Strathclyde, Limerick, and Mass., US

   ab/ initio
             (Lat.), from the beginning, abbr. ab init.; -- intra, from
             within

   Abl.      (Sp.), abril (April)

   abl.      ablative

   ablaut    variation in root vowel of a word (e.g. sing, sang, sung)

   -able     (the suffix). Words ending in silent -e tend to drop the e
             before-able, as conceivable, debatable. It is retained when it
             serves to prevent the modification of the preceding consonant,
             as changeable, peaceable. In practice the following words also
             often retain the e: blameable, giveable, hireable, likeable,
             liveable, nameable, rateable, saleable, sizeable, tameable,
             timeable, tuneable, unshakeable. Many verbs of more than two
             syllables ending in -ate drop this ending before -able, as
             alienable, calculable, tolerable. See the list in Hart's Rules,
             p. 83

   able-bodied
             (hyphen)

   ABM       anti-ballistic-missile missile

   A-bomb    atomic bomb (no point, hyphen)

   aboriginal
             (adj.), indigenous (with init. cap., in techn. sense in
             Australia); aborigin/es (pl. noun, for sing. use -al) also with
             init.  cap. in Australia

   ab origine
             (Lat.), from the beginning

   aboul/ia  loss of will-power, not abulia; adj. -ic

   above/-board, -mentioned, -named
             (hyphens)

   ab ovo    (Lat.), from the beginning

   Abp.      Archbishop

   abr.      abridged, abridgement

   abr‚g‚    (Fr. m.), abridgement

   abr‚viation
             (Fr. f.), abbreviation

   abridgement
             abbr. abr.

   abs.      absolute(ly), abstract

   abscess

   Abschnitt/
             (Ger. typ. m.), section, part, chapter, or division (cap.)  pl.
             -e

   absciss/a (math.), pl. -ae

   absente reo
             (Lat.), the defendant being absent; abbr. abs. re.

   absenter  not -or

   absent-minded/
             (hyphen), -ly, -ness

   absinth/  the plant; -e, the liqueur

   absit/    (Lat.), let him, her, or it be absent; -- omen, let there be no
             (ill) omen

   absolute(ly)
             abbr. abs.

   absorption
             not -btion

   abs. re.  absente reo, q.v.

   abstract  abbr. abs.

   absunt    see abest

   Abt.      (Ger.), Abteilung (division)

   abt.      about

   ABTA      Association of British Travel Agents

   Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

   abulia    use aboulia

   ab/ uno disce omnes
             (Lat.), from one (sample) judge the rest; -- urbe condita, AUC
             (but A.U.C. in printing classical Latin texts), from the
             foundation of Rome, 753 BC

   Abu Simbel
             site of Egyptian rock-temples

   abut/, -ment, -ted, -ter
             (law), -ting

   abys/s    deep cavity, -mal

   abyssal   deep in sea; (geol.)  plutonic

   Abyssinia now Ethiopia

1.4 AC...
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   AC        Alpine Club, (or A/C) Aircraftman, Assistant Commissioner,
             Athletic Club, Companion of the Order of Australia

   A/C       (current) account; in printing use acct.

   AC        ante Christum (before Christ) (s. caps.)

   Ac        actinium (no point)

   a.c.      alternating current (elec.), author's correction

   ACA       Associate of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England
             and Wales; (or Ireland)

   Academician
             abbr. A.

   Acad‚mie fran‡aise
             (one cap.)

   Academy   a learned body; abbr. A. or Acad. (cap.)

   Academy (the)
             the Platonic school of philosophy

   Acadian   of Nova Scotia (Fr. Acadie)

   a cappella
             (It.) (mus.), unaccompanied, not alla cappella

   ACAS      Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service

   ACC       Army Catering Corps

   acc.      acceptance (bill), accusative

   Acca      Israel, use Acre

   Accademia (It.), Academy

   Accadian  use Akkadian

   acced/e, -er


   accedence a giving consent

   accelerando/
             (mus.), accelerating; as noun, pl. -s; abbr. accel.

   accelerat/e, -or


   acceptance
             abbr. acc.

   accept/er in law and science -or

   accessary use accessory

   accessible


   access/it (Lat.), he, she or it, came near; pl. -erunt

   accessory (noun and adj.), use now in all senses, not -ary

   access time
             (computing)

   acciaccatura
             (mus.), a grace-note

   accidence inflexions of words

   accidental
             (mus.)

   accidentally
             not -tly

   accidie, acedia
             listlessness

   acclimatize
             not -ise

   ACCM      Advisory Council for the Church's Ministry (formerly CACTM)

   Acco      Israel, use Acre

   accolade

   accommodat/e, -ion
             (two cs, two ms)

   accompanist
             not -yist

   accouche/ment, ur, -use
             (not ital.)

   account   abbr. A/C; in printing use acct.

   Accountant-General
             abbr. A.-G.

   Accra     Ghana, not Akkra

   acct.     account, or account current

   accumulat/e
             (two cs), -or

   accusative
             abbrs. acc., accus.

   ACE       after Christian (or Common) era (non-Christian usage in place of
             AD)

   ACF       Army Cadet Force

   ACGB      Arts Council of Great Britain

   ACGBI     Automobile Club of Great Britain and Ireland

   ACGI      Associate of the City and Guilds of London Institute

   Achaemenid
             not Achai-

   Acheson (Dean Gooderham)
             1893-1971, US diplomat

   … cheval  (Fr.), on horseback

   Achilles/' heel
             (apos.); -- tendon (no apos.)

   Achin     Sumatra, Indonesia, not Atchin

   Achnashellach
             Highland

   achy      (adj.), not achey

   ACI       Army Council Instruction

   ACIA      Associate of the Corporation of Insurance Agents

   ACIB      Associate of the Corporation of Insurance Brokers

   acid rain (two words)

   ACII      Associate of the Chartered Insurance Institute

   ACIS      Associate of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and
             Administrators

   acknowledgement
             not -ledgment

   ACMA      Associate of the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants

   acolyte   not -ite

   acoustics (noun sing.) the science of sound, (noun pl.) acoustic
             properties

   ACP       Associate of the College of Preceptors; Association of Clinical
             Pathologists; Association of Correctors of the Press, now part
             of NGA, q.v.

   acquit/, -tal
             (verdict), -tance (settlement of debt)

   Acre      Israel, not Acca, Acco

   acre      abbr. a.

   acriflavine
             an antiseptic, not -n

   Acrilan   propr. term (cap.)

   acronym   word formed from initials, as Anzac, q.v.

   acrylic   (chem.)

   ACS       Association of Commonwealth Students

   ACSA      Associate of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and
             Administrators

   ACT       Australian Capital Territory

   act.      active

   Actaeon   a mythical hunter

   ACTH      adrenocorticotrophic hormone

   actini/a  (zool.), pl. -ae

   actinium  symbol Ac

   actinomy/ces
             (bot.), pl. -cetes

   actionnaire
             (Fr. m.), a shareholder

   active    abbrs. a., act.

   actor     (person), but one-acter (play)

   acts of a play
             (typ.), cap. A only when number follows, as Hamlet, Act I, sc.
             ii. See also authorities

   Acts of Parliament
             (cap. A), cited thus: Factory and Workshop Act, 1891; use arabic
             numerals for chapter numbers in Public (General) and Private
             Acts (e.g. 3 & 4 Geo.  V, c. 12, ss. 18, 19) and lower-case
             roman numerals in Public (Local) Acts (e.g. 3 & 4 Geo. V, c.
             xii, ss. 18, 19). See also Hart's Rules, p. 53

   Acts of Sederunt
             (Scots law)

   Acts of the Apostles
             abbr. Acts

   ACTT      Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians

   actualit‚ (Fr. f.), present state

   actuel/   (Fr.), fem. -le, present

   ACW       Aircraftwoman

1.5 AD...
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   AD        (anno Domini) should always be placed before the numerals; BC
             after (s. caps.)

   ad        advertisement (no point)

   ad.       adapted, adapter

   a.d.      after date

   a.d.      ante diem (before the day)

   adagio/   (mus.), slow; as noun, pl.  -s

   Adams (John)
             1735-1826, US statesman, President 1797-1801; -- (John Quincy),
             his son, 1767-1848, President 1825-9

   Adam's Peak
             Sri Lanka

   adapt/able, -er
             (person), -or (device)

   a dato    (Lat.), from date

   ADC       aide-de-camp

   ad captandum vulgus
             (Lat.), to catch the rabble, claptrap

   Addams (Charles Samuel)
             1912-88, US cartoonist; -- (Jane), 1860-1935, US social worker
             and writer

   addend/um something to be added; pl. -a (not ital.)

   addio     (It.), goodbye

   Addis Ababa
             capital of Ethiopia

   additive  (something) in the nature of an addition

   addorsed  (her.), not adorsed, adossed

   Addressograph
             propr. term for addressing-machine (cap.)

   adducible not -eable

   Adelie/ Land
             Antarctica; -- penguin

   Adenauer (Konrad)
             1876-1967, German statesman, Chancellor of W. Germany 1949-63

   ad eundem (gradum)
             (Lat.), to the same degree at another university

   … deux/   (Fr.), of (or between) two; -- -- temps (see valse)

   ad/ extra (Lat.), in an outward direction; -- extremum, to the last; --
             finem, near the end, abbr.  ad fin.; -- hanc vocem, at this
             word; -- hoc, for this (purpose); -- hominem, to the (interests
             of the) man, personal; -- hunc locum, on this passage, abbr.
             a.h.l.; -- idem, to the same (point)

   adieu/    pl. -s (not ital.)

   ad/ infinitum
             (Lat.), to infinity; -- interim, meanwhile, abbr. ad int.

   adiўs     (Sp.), goodbye

   Adirondack Mountains
             (US), not -dac

   Adj.      Adjutant

   Adj.-Gen. Adjutant-General

   adjectiv/e
             abbr. a., adj.; -al, -ally

   adjudicator
             not -er

   adjutage  a nozzle, not aj-

   Adjutant/ abbr. Adj. (rank, cap.); ---General, abbr. A.-G. or Adj.  Gen.

   adjuvant

   Adler (Alfred)
             1870-1937, Austrian psychologist

   ad lib    (adv., noun, and verb)

   ad/ libitum
             (Lat.), at pleasure; -- litem, appointed for a lawsuit

   ad locum  (Lat.), at the place, abbr.  ad loc. (not ital.)

   Adm.      Admiral, Admiralty

   adman     (one word)

   admin     short for administration (no point)

   administrable
             not -atable

   administrat/or
             abbr. admor.; -rix, abbr. admix.

   Admiral   in Fr. amir/al, pl. -aux; abbr. Adm.

   Admiralty, the
             abbr. Adm.; see M.o.D.

   admiration (note of)
             exclamation mark, ! See punctuation VII

   ad misericordiam
             (Lat.), appealing to pity

   admiss/ible
             not -able, but admittable

   admix.    administratrix

   ad modum  (Lat.), after the manner of

   admonitor/
             not -er; -y

   admor.    administrator

   ad nauseam
             (Lat.), to a sickening degree

   ado       work, trouble (one word)

   adobe      (Sp.), sun-dried brick

   Adonai    (Heb.), the Lord

   Adonais   Keats, in Shelley's elegy, 1821

   Adonis    (myth.), beloved of Venus

   adopter   not -or

   adorable  not -eable

   adorsed, adossed
             use addorsed

   ADP       automatic data processing

   ad/ personam
             (Lat.), personal; -- referendum, for further consideration; --
             rem, to the point

   adrenalin not -ine

   adresse   (Fr. f.), address

   Adrianople
             now Edirne

   … droite  (Fr.), to the right

   adscriptus glebae
             (Lat.), bound to the soil (of serfs)

   adsorb, adsorption
             condensing, condensation, of gases etc. on surface of solid;
             adsorbent

   adsum     (Lat.), I am present

   adulator  not -er

   ad/ unguem
             (Lat.), perfectly; -- unum omnes, all, to a man; -- usum,
             according to custom, abbr. ad us.

   adv.      adverb, -ially, advocate

   adv.      adversus (against)

   ad valorem
             (Lat.), according to value; abbr. ad val.

   adverb/, -ially
             abbr. adv.

   ad verbum (Lat.), to a word, verbatim

   adversus  (Lat.), against; abbr. adv.

   advertise not -ize

   advertisement
             abbr. ad, or advt., pl. ads, or advts.advis/e, not -ize; -able,
             not eable

   advis/er  not -or; -ory

   ad/ vitam aut culpam
             (Lat.), for lifetime or until fault; -- vivum, lifelike

   advocaat  liqueur

   advocate  abbr. adv.

   Advocates (Faculty of)
             the Bar of Scotland

   advocatus diaboli
             (Lat.), devil's advocate (q.v.) (not ital.)

   advt/., -s.
             advertisement, -s

1.6 A.E....
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   A.E.      or AE, pseud. of George Russell (1867-1935)

   ’         in numismatics = copper

   AEA       Atomic Energy Authority

   AEC       Army Educational Corps (now RAEC), (US) Atomic Energy Commission
             (since 1975 ERDA)

   aedile    not e-

   AEF       Amalgamated Union of Engineering and Foundry Workers

   Aegean Sea
             the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey

   aegis     a shield, protection, not e-

   aegrot/at he, she, is ill (certificate that exam. candidate is ill, or
             degree thus awarded); pl. -ant

   AEI       Associated Electrical Industries

   Aemilius

   Aeneas;   Aeneid

   Aeolian, Aeolic
             (caps.), not E-

   aeon      not eon

   aepyornis (zool.), not epi-, epy-

   aequales  (Lat.) equal (pl. adj.), (pl. noun) equals (in age or
             performance); abbr. aeq.

   AERA      Associate Engraver, Royal Academy

   aer/ate   etc., -ial, -ify,-obic, -onaut, not a‰-

   AERE      Atomic Energy Research Establishment

   aerie     use eyrie

   aerodrome (US and increasingly Brit., airfield)

   aerodynamics
             (one word)

   aero/-elastic, -engine
             (hyphens)

   aerofoil  (one word)

   aeronaut/, -ical


   aeroplane tending to be superseded by aircraft in some contexts

   aerosol

   aerospace (one word)

   Aeschylus 525-456 BC, Greek playwright

   Aesculapi/us
             Latin form of the Greek god Asclepius (q.v.); -an, not E-

   Aesop     6th c. BC, Greek fable-writer

   aesthete  etc., not e-

   aestiv/al, -ation
             not e-

   aet. or aetat.
             anno aetatis suae (of age, aged)

   aetheling use atheling

   aether    in all meanings use e-

   aetiology not e-

   Aetna     use Etna

   AEU       Amalgamated Engineering Union

1.7 AF...
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   AF        audio frequency

   AFA       Associate of the Faculty of Actuaries

   Afars and Issas (French Territory of the)
             formerly Fr. Somaliland, now Jibuti

   AFAS      Associate of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors

   AFC       Air Force Cross, Association Football Club

   aff.      affirmative, affirming

   affaire/ d'amour
             (Fr. f.), love-affair; -- (de coeur), affair of the heart; --
             d'honneur, duel

   affair‚   (Fr.), busy (accent)

   affenpinscher
             dog (not ital.)

   affettuoso
             (mus.), with feeling

   affidavit abbr. afft.

   affranchise
             not -ize

   afft.     affidavit

   Afghan    (hound); afghan (blanket or shawl)

   Afghanistan
             abbr. Afghan.

   aficionado/
             (Sp.), enthusiast for sport or hobby; pl. -s

   afield    (one word)

   AFM       Air Force Medal

   … fond/   (Fr.), thoroughly; -- de train, at full speed

   aforethought
             (one word)

   a fortiori
             (Lat.), with stronger reason, not … -- (ital.)

   Afr.      Africa, -n

   A.F.R.Ae.S.
             Associate Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society

   Africander
             use Afrikander or Afrikaner

   Afridi    tribe of Cent. Asia

   Afrikaans S. African Dutch language, abbr. Afrik.

   Afrikander
             S. African breed of cattle or sheep

   Afrikaner Afrikaans-speaking white S. African; formerly Africander

   afterbirth
             (one word)

   after/-care, -effect
             (hyphens)

   afternoon abbr. aft. or p.m.

   aftershave
             (one word)

   afterthought
             (one word)

   AFV       armoured fighting vehicle

1.8 AG...
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   AG        Air Gunner, (Ger.)  Aktiengesellschaft (joint-stock company)

   A.-G.     Accountant-General, Adjutant-General, Agent-General (of
             Colonies), Attorney-General

   Ag        argentum (silver) (no point)

   Agadah    use Haggadah

   Aga Khan  leader of Ismaili Muslims

   agape     love-feast, divine love

   … gauche  (Fr.), to the left

   age-group (hyphen)

   ageing    not agi-

   agend/a   "things to be done", freq.  list of items for consideration: in
             this sense pl. -as

   agent     abbr. agt.

   Agent-General
             abbr. A.-G.

   agent provocateur
             (Fr.) (ital.); pl.  -ts -rs

   ages      (typ.), to be printed in numerals; but "he died in his fortieth
             year", and, in literary contexts, "a man of forty"

   aggiornamento
             (It.), bringing up to date

   aggrandize
             not -ise

   agitato   (mus.), hurried

   agitat/or not -er

   AGM       Annual General Meeting

   agnostic/, -ism
             (not cap.)

   agonize   not -ise

   agouti    S. American rodent, not -y, aguti

   AGR       advanced gas-cooled reactor

   agreeable in Fr. agr‚able

   agric.    agricultur/e, -al,-ist

   agriculturist
             not -alist

   agrimony  (bot.)

   agronomy  rural economy

   AGSM      Associate of the Guildhall School of Music

   agt.      agent

   Agulhas   Cape (S. Africa), not L'A-

   aguti     use agouti

1.9 AH...
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   AH        anno Hegirae, the Muslim era (s.  caps.). See also hegira

   ah        when it stands alone, takes an exclamation mark (!). When it
             forms part of a sentence it is usually followed by a comma, the
             ! being placed at the end of the sentence:  as "Ah, no, it
             cannot be!"

   AHA       Area Health Authority

   aha       exclam. of surprise. See also haha

   ahimsa    (Skt.), non-violence

   a.h.l.    ad hunc locum (on this passage)

   Ahmad/abad, -nagar
             India, not Ahmed-, Amed-

   Ahmadu Bello University
             Nigeria

   AHMI      Association of Headmistresses, Incorporated. See also IAHM

   … huis clos
             (Fr.), in private

   Ahura-Mazda
             use Ormuzd

   a.h.v.    ad hanc vocem (at this word)

1.10 AI...
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   AI        American Institute, Anthropological Institute, artificial
             insemination

   AIA       Associate of the Institute of Actuaries, American Institute of
             Architects

   AIAA      Architect Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects
             and Surveyors

   AIAC      Associate of the Institute of Company Accountants

   AIAS      Surveyor Member of the Incorporated Association of Architects
             and Surveyors

   AIB       Associate of the Institute of Bankers

   AICC      All India Congress Committee

   AICS      Associate of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers

   AID       Army Intelligence Department; artificial insemination by donor

   Aida      opera by Verdi, 1871 (no diaeresis)

   aide-de-camp
             abbr. ADC; pl. aides -de-camp

   aide-m‚moire
             (Fr. m.), aid to memory; pl. aides---

   Aids      acquired immune deficiency syndrome

   aigrette  a spray, not ei-, -et (see also egret)

   AIH       artificial insemination by husband

   Ailesbury (Marquess of)
             (see also Ayl-)

   A.I.Loco.E.
             Associate of the Institute of Locomotive Engineers

   A.I.Mech.E.
             Associate of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers

   A.I.Min.E.
             Associate of the Institution of Mining Engineers

   AIMM      Associate of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy

   AIMTA     Associate of the Institute of Municipal Treasurers and
             Accountants

   Ain       d‚p. France

   aЊn/‚     (Fr.), fem. -‚e, elder, senior; opposed to puЊn‚, fem.  puЊn‚e,
             or cadet/, -te, younger

   A.Inst.P. Associate of the Institute of Physics

   AIQS      Associate of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors

   air/-bed, -blast
             (hyphens)

   airborne  (one word)

   airbus    (one word)

   Air Commodore
             abbr. Air Cdre. See also Commodore

   air-conditioning
             (hyphen)

   aircraft/ sing. and pl. (one word); -carrier (hyphen)

   aircraft/man, -woman
             not aircrafts- (one word)

   Airedale/ W. Yorks., and terrier; -- (Baron)

   air/field, -flow
             (one word)

   Air Force see Navy

   airgun    (one word)

   Air Gunner
             abbr. AG

   airlift, airline, airmail
             (no hyphens)

   Air Ministry
             see M.o.D.

   Air (Point of)
             Clwyd. See also Ayre

   airport   (one word)

   air raid  (two words)

   airship, airsick, airspace, airtight
             (one word)

   air-to-air
             (adj., hyphens)

   airworthy (adj.), of aircraft (one word)

   AISA      Associate of the Incorporated Secretaries Association

   Aisne     d‚p. France

   ait       islet, not eyot (cap. when part of name)

   aitchbone (one word), not H-, edge-

   Aix-la-Chapelle
             (hyphens), properly Aachen

   Aix-les-Bains
             (hyphens)

1.11 Ajaccio...
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   Ajaccio   Corsica

   Ajax      pl. Ajaxes

   ajutage   use adj-

1.12 AK...
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   AK        Alaska (off. postal abbr.), Knight of the Order of Australia

   AKC       Associate of King's College (London)

   akimbo    (one word)

   Akkadian  not Acc-

   Akkra     Ghana, use Accra

   Aktiengesellschaft
             (Ger. f.), joint-stock company; abbr. AG

1.13 AL...
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   AL        Alabama (off. postal abbr.), autograph letter

   Al        aluminium (no point)

   ALA       Associate of the Library Association

   Ala.      Alabama (off. abbr.)

   … la carte
             (a meal) that must be ordered from a wide range of available
             dishes (not ital.). See also table d'h“te

   Aladdin   not Alladin

   … la mode in fashion (not ital.)

   Alanbrooke (Viscount)
             (one word)

   Џland Islands
             Baltic Sea

   … la page (Fr.), up to date

   alarm/    not alarum except in alarums and excursions; -- clock (two
             words)

   … la russe
             in the Russian style (not cap.)

   Alas.     Alaska

   alas      when it stands alone, takes an exclamation mark (!). When it
             forms part of a sentence it is usually followed by a comma, the
             ! being placed at the end of the sentence:  as "Alas, it is
             true!"

   Alaska (baked)
             (cap.)

   Alb.      Albanian

   Alba.     Alberta, use Alta.

   Alban.    formerly signature of Bp. of St Albans (full point); now St
             Albans: (colon)

   albedo/   fraction of radiation reflected; pl. -s

   Albee (Edward)
             b. 1928, US playwright

   Albigens/es
             Manichaean sect; adj.  -ian

   albin/o   pl. -os, fem. -ess; -ism, not -oism; -otic (adj.)

   Albrighton
             Shropshire

   album/en  natural white of egg; -in, its chief constituent; adj. -inous

   Albuquerque
             New Mexico, US

   Albury    Herts., Oxon., Surrey

   Alcaeus of Mytilene
             (b. c.620 BC), Greek lyric poet

   alcaic    metre

   alcalde   (in Spain) magistrate, mayor

   Alcatraz  US prison, San Francisco Bay, Calif.

   alcayde   (Sp. alcaide), governor, gaoler

   alc zar   (Sp.), palace, fortress, bazaar

   Alceste   opera by Gluck, 1767

   Alcestis, Alcibiades
             not Alk-

   ALCM      Associate of the London College of Music

   Alcoran   use Koran

   Alcyone   (myth.), not Hal-

   Aldborough
             Norfolk, N. Yorks.

   Aldbrough Humberside

   Aldbury   Herts.

   Aldeburgh Suffolk

   al dente  (It.), cooked but not soft

   Alderbury Wilts.

   Alderman  abbr. Ald.

   Aldermaston
             Berks.

   Alderney  Channel Islands; in Fr.  Aurigny

   Aldine    (adj.), printed by Manutius, q.v., who introduced italic type

   Aldis lamp
             a hand lamp for signalling

   Aldsworth Gloucester, W. Sussex

   Aldus Manutius
             printer, see Manutius

   Aldworth  Berks.

   Alecto    (myth.), one of the Furies

   alehouse  (one word)

   Alen‡on lace
             (‡)

   aleph     (Heb.), see accents

   Aleutian Islands
             Bering Sea

   A level   examination (no hyphen)

   alexandrine
             metre

   ALF       Automatic Letter Facer

   Alfa-Romeo
             Italian make of car

   Alford    Grampian, Lincs., Som.

   Alfred    abbr. A. or Alf.

   alfresco  (adj. and adv.), one word

   Alfreton  Derby.

   Alg.      Algernon, Algiers

   alg/a     (bot.), pl. -ae (not ital.)

   Algarve (the)
             Portugal

   algebra   abbr. alg. See also mathematics

   ALGOL     (comp.), Algorithmic Language

   algology  (hot.)

   Algonqui/an
             of a large group of N.  Amer. Indian tribes; -n, of one people
             in this group; not -nki-

   alguazil  (in Spain) a constable

   Alhambra  Moorish palace at Granada; adj. Alhambresque

   alia      (Lat. pl.), other things

   alias/    (noun), pl. -es; also adv.

   alibi/    (noun), pl. -s

   alienator not -er

   Aligarh   Uttar Pradesh, India

   Alighieri family name of Dante

   align/, -ment
             not aline

   alii      (Lat. pl.), other people

   alimentative/, -ness
             not alimentive, -ness

   aline     use align

   alin‚a    (Fr. m.), paragraph

   Alipore   India

   Alipur    India and Pakistan

   Alitalia  Italian airline

   ali/us    (Lat. m.), another person; pl. -i

   Aliwal    E. Punjab, India, also S.  Africa

   alkali/   pl. -s

   alkalize  not -ise

   Alkestis, Alkibiades
             use Alc-

   Alkoran   use Koran

   alla breve
             (mus.), 2 or 4 minims in bar

   alla cappella
             (mus.), use a cappella

   Alladin   use Aladdin

   Allahabad Uttar Pradesh, India

   Allah il Allah
             corruption of Arab.  la ilaha illa'llah, There is no god but God
             (Muslim prayer and war-cry)

   Allan-a-Dale
             minstrel hero

   allargando
             (mus.), broad, spread out

   all‚e     (Fr. f.), alley, avenue

   Allegheny mountains and river, US; but Allegany, Pittsburgh, Pa.

   allegretto/
             (mus.), fairly brisk; as noun, pl. -s

   allegro/  (mus.), brisk, merry; as noun, pl. -s

   allele    alternative genetic character, not -l

   alleluia  Lat. form (also liturgical) for Heb. (and biblical) hallelujah

   allemande Ger. dance

   Allendale Northumb.

   Allen (George) & Unwin, Ltd.
             publishers

   Allen (W. H.) & Co., Ltd.
             publishers

   allerg/y, -ic
             sensitive(ness) to certain foods, pollens, etc.

   alleviator
             not -er

   Alleynian member of Dulwich College

   All Fools' Day
             (caps., no hyphen)

   allg., allgm., allgemein
             (Ger.), general (adj.)

   All-Hallows
             All Saints' Day, 1 Nov.  (caps., hyphen)

   Allhallows
             Kent (one word)

   allineation
             not alin-

   Allingham (Margery)
             1904-66, English novelist

   allodium  estate held in absolute ownership, not alo-

   allons!   (Fr.), let us go!, come!

   allot/, -ment, -table, -ted, -ting


   all' ottava
             (mus.), an octave higher than written; abbr. all' ott.

   all right not alright, all-right

   all round ("all round the Wrekin"), prep.

   all-round ("an all-round man"), adj.

   All/ Saints' Day
             1 Nov.; -- Souls College, Oxford (no apos.); -- Souls' Day, 2
             Nov.; -- Souls' Eve, 1 Nov. (caps., no hyphens)

   allspice  (one word)

   all together
             (in a body); but altogether (entirely)

   alluvi/um pl. -a

   Alma-Ata  cap. of Kazakh Rep., USSR

   Alma Mater
             fostering mother, one's school or university

   almanac   but "Oxford", also "Whitaker's", Almanack

   Alma-Tadema (Sir Lawrence)
             1836-1912, Dutch-born English painter

   Almighty (the)
             (cap.)

   Almondbury
             W. Yorks.

   Almondsbury
             Avon

   Alnmouth  Northumb.

   Alnwick   Northumb.

   alodium   use allodium

   A.L.O.E.  A Lady of England (Charlotte M. Tucker, 1821-93)

   … l'outrance
             should be … outrance, to the bitter end

   ALP       Australian Labor Party

   Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
             d‚p. France (hyphens)

   Alpes-Maritimes
             d‚p. France; abbr.  A.M.

   Alphaeus  Apostle James's father

   alphanumeric
             (comp.), of instructions containing alphabetic, numerical, and
             other characters (one word)

   alpha/ particle, -- ray
             (two words)

   alright   use all right

   ALS       Associate of the Linnean Society; autograph letter signed

   Alsace-Lorraine


   Alsirat   (Arab.), bridge to paradise

   alt       (mus.), high note

   alt.      alternative, altitude

   Alta.     Alberta, Canada, not Alba.

   alter/ ego
             (Lat.), one's second self, pl. -- egos; -- idem, another self

   Altesse   (Fr. f.), Altezza (It.), Highness

   Althing   the Icelandic parliament

   Althorpe  Humberside

   Althorp Library
             and Park (Northants)

   altitude  abbr. alt.

   alto/     (mus.), pl. -s; abbr. A.

   altogether
             see all together

   alto-relievo/
             high relief; pl. -s; Anglicized version of It. alto rilievo

   aluminium symbol Al (no point); US aluminum

   alumn/us  pl. -i, fem. -a, pl. -ae; abbr. alum.

1.14 AM...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   AM        Air Ministry, Albert Medal, amplitude modulation, Artium
             Magister (US Master of Arts); Ave Maria (Hail, Mary!) (caps.):
             Member of the Order of Australia

   A.-M.     d‚p. France, Alpes-Maritimes

   AM        anno mundi (in the year of the world) (s. caps.)

   Am        americium (no point)

   Am.       American

   a.m.      (Lat.), ante meridiem (before noon) (lower case, points)

   AMA       Assistant Masters' Association, officially IAAM; American
             Medical Association

   amah      child's nurse (in Far East)

   Amalek    not -ech, -eck

   amanuens/is
             pl. -es

   amateur   abbr. A.

   Ambala    India, not Umbal(l)a

   ambassad/or
             fem. -ress

   ambassy   use embassy

   ambergris waxy substance used in perfumery

   ambiance  French spelling of ambience (q.v.), used in English esp. of
             accessory details in a work of art

   ambidextrous
             not -erous

   ambienc/e the surroundings (not -y). See also ambiance

   ambivalen/t, -ce


   amblyop/ia
             impaired vision; adj.  -ic

   Amboina   Indon., properly Ambon, not Amboyna

   amboyna   (wood)

   ambry     use aumbry

   AMDG      ad majorem Dei gloriam (for the greater glory of God)

   ѓme damn‚e
             (Fr.), a "cat's paw", devoted adherent

   Amedabad  Amednagar, India, use Ahmad-

   Ameer     use Amir for Arabic, Emir for Turkish and Indian titles

   amend     to correct an error, make minor improvements. See also emend

   amende honorable
             (Fr. f.), honourable reparation

   a mensa et toro
             (Lat.), from bed and board, a legal separation, not -- -- --
             thoro

   Amer.     American

   Americanize
             not -ise

   American spellings
             see US spellings

   America's Cup (the)
             yachting trophy

   americium symbol Am

   Amerindian
             American Indian

     merveille
             (Fr.), perfectly, wonderfully

   AMG(OT)   Allied Military Government (of Occupied Territory) (Second World
             War)

   Amharic   official lang. of Ethiopia

   amicus curiae
             (Lat.), a friend of the Court, a disinterested adviser; pl.
             amici --

   amidships not -ship (one word)

   amino acid
             (chem., two words)

   Amir      Arab. title, not Ameer. See also Emir

   Amis (Kingsley)
             b. 1922, English writer

   Ammal     (Ind.), suffix used to indicate that a name belongs to a woman,
             e.g. Dr E. K. Janaki Ammal

   Amman     Jordan

   Ammergau  Bavaria

   ammeter   for measuring electric current

   amoeb/a   pl. -as (not ital.)

   … moiti‚  (Fr.), half

   amok      not amuck

   Amoor     use Amur

   amortize  not -ise

   amour propre
             (Fr.), self-respect, proper pride

   amp       ampere

   AmpЉre (Andr‚ Marie)
             1775-1836, French physicist (accent)

   ampere    elec. unit of current (no accent), abbr. A (sing. and pl.) or
             amp (no point)

   ampersand = &, may be used in names of firms as Smith & Co., and in Acts
             of Parliament, q.v. In general use and. For &c. use etc.

   amphetamine
             (med.)

   amphibian (zool.) member of the Amphibia; vehicle adapted for land and
             water

   amphor/a  a jar; pl. -ae

   ampoule   glass container for hypodermic dose

   Amritsar  India, not Umritsur

   amt.      amount

   amuck     use amok

   Amundsen (Roald)
             1872-1928, Norwegian explorer; S. Pole, 1911

   Amur      Siberia, not -oor

   amygdalin/
             not -e

1.15 AN...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   AN        Anglo-Norman, autograph note

   an        see a, not an

   an        (arch. or dial.), if (so spelt)

   ana/      sayings, collective pl.; or sing. with pl. -s

   -ana      suffix denoting anecdotes or other publications concerning, as
             Shakespeariana, Victoriana

   anacoluth/on
             (gram.), pl. -a, not -outhon,-kolouthon, -koluthon

   Anacreon/ 6th c. BC, Greek poet; abbr. Anacr.

   anacreontic
             metre

   anaemi/a, -c


   anaerob/e,-ic


   anaesthetize
             not -ise

   anal.     analog/y, -ous, analys/e, -er, -is, analytic, -al

   analogous abbr. anal.

   analys/e, -er, -is
             pl. -es; abbr.  anal.

   analystanalytic/, -al;
             abbr. anal.

   Anam      use Annam

   anamorphos/is
             pl. -es

   anapaest  foot of three syllables (See Figure 1 in topic FRONT_4)

   anastase  use anatase

   anastomos/is
             communication by cross-connections; pl. -es;-ist

   anat.     anatom/y, -ical

   anatase   a mineral, not anastase

   anathema/ a curse, pl. -s;-tize

   anatomize dissect, not -ise

   anatom/y, -ical, -ist;
             abbr. anat.

   anatta    (bot.), use annatto

   anc.      ancient

   ancest/or fem. -ress, not -rix

   anchor/ite
             hermit, not -et; adj.  -etic

   anchylosis
             use ank-

   ancien r‚gime
             (Fr. m.), the old order of things

   ancient   abbr. anc.

   Ancient Mariner (Rime of the)
             by S. T. Coleridge, 1798

   Ancient Order of Druids
             abbr. AOD; -- -- -- Foresters, AOF; -- -- -- Hibernians, AOH

   and       (gram.). Where and joins two or more subjects in the singular
             number the verb must be in the pl., e.g. Jack and Jill are
             going. Where and joins two single words the comma is generally
             omitted. Where and joins the last two words of a list a comma
             should precede it; e.g. black, white, and green. See also
             ampersand

   Andalusia Spain; in Sp. AndalucЎa

   andante   (mus.), moving easily, steadily

   andantino/
             (mus.), rather quicker (formerly slower) than andante; as noun,
             pl. -s

   Andersen (Hans Christian)
             1805-75, Danish story-teller

   Andhra Pradesh
             Indian state

   and/or    signifying either or both of the stated alternatives

   Andrea del Sarto
             1486-1531, Italian painter

   Androcles not -kles

   aneurysm  not -ism

   Angeles (Victoria de los)
             b. 1923, Spanish soprano

   Angelico (Fra)
             1387-1455, Italian painter

   anglais/  (Fr.), fem. -e, English (not cap.); but Anglais/, -e,
             Englishman, Englishwoman

   Anglesey  Wales, not -ea; in Welsh Ynys Mon

   Anglesey (Marquess of)


   anglice   in English (no accent); abbr. angl.

   Anglicize not -ise (cap.)

   Anglo/-French
             abbr AF; ---Norman, abbr. AN; ---Saxon, abbr. AS

   Angora    Turkey, now Ankara

   Џngstrom (A. J.)
             1814-74, Swedish physicist

   †ngstr”m  unit of length; abbr. Џ

   Angst     (Ger. f.), fear, anxiety

   aniline   source of dyes. Also adj.

   animalcule/
             pl. -s, not -ae

   animalcul/um
             pl. -a

   anim‚     W. Ind. resin (not ital.)

   anim‚     (Fr., mus.), animated

   anion     (elec.), ion carrying negative charge of electricity

   Ankara    Turkey, formerly Angora

   ankylos/is
             fusion of bones, not anch-; pl. -es

   Anmerkung/
             (Ger. f.), a note (cap.); pl. -en; abbr. Anm.

   ann.      annals, anni (years), anno, annual

   anna/     pl. -s, formerly 16 to rupee, now replaced by decimal coinage
             (Ind. and Pak.); abbr. a.

   annales   (Fr. pl. f), annals; abbr.  ann.

   annals    abbr. ann.

   Annam     not Anam, formerly kingdom within Fr. Indo-China, now merged in
             Vietnam

   Annan     Dumfries & Galloway

   Ann Arbor Mich., US

   annatto   (bot.), orange-red dye, not an-, -a

   Anne of Cleves
             1515-57, fourth wife of Henry VIII of England

   Anne of Geierstein
             by Sir W. Scott, 1829

   Anne (Queen)
             1702-14, b. 1665

   Anne (Saint)


   annex     verb; annexe, noun

   anno/     (Lat.), in the year, abbr.  ann.; -- aetatis suae, aged, abbr.
             aet., or aetat.; -- Hegirae (Muslim era), abbr. AH (s. caps.);
             -- mundi, in the year of the world, abbr. AM (s. caps.); all
             three abbrs. to be placed before the numerals

   Anno Domini
             abbr. AD (s. caps.)

   annonce   (Fr. f), advertisement

   annotat/ed, -or
             not -er; abbr.  annot.

   annual    abbr. ann.

   annul/ar  ringlike; -ate,-ated, -et, -oid

   ann/us    (Lat.), year; pl. -i; -us mirabilis, remarkable year

   anonymous abbr. anon.

   Anouilh (Jean)
             1910-88, French playwright

   anschluss union (cap. A in Ger.)

   answer    abbr. A. or ans.

   Ant.      Anthony, Antigua

   ant.      antonym

   Antaeus

   antagonize
             not -ise

   Antananarivo
             Madagascar

   Antarctic/, -a


   ante      (not ital.), stake in card-game

   ante/     (Lat.), before; -- bellum, before the war

   antechamber
             not anti-

   ante diem (Lat.), before the day; abbr. a.d.

   antediluvian
             (one word)

   antemeridian
             (one word)

   ante meridiem
             (Lat.), before noon; abbr. a.m.

   ante-mortem
             (adj., hyphen)

   antenatal (one word)

   antenn/a  (zool.), pl. -ae; (US) radio, pl. -as

   ante-post in racing (hyphen)

   ante-room (hyphen)

   Anthony   Anglicized from Lat.  Antonius (NB Antony and Cleopatra); abbr.
             Ant.

   anthropolog/y, -ical;
             abbr. anthrop.

   anthropomorphize
             not -ise

   anthropophag/us
             (noun), cannibal; pl. -i; adj. -ous

   antichamber
             use ante-

   Antichrist
             (cap.), but antichristian

   anticline (geol.)

   anticlockwise
             (one word)

   antifreeze
             (one word)

   Antigua   abbr. Ant.

   anti-hero principal character lacking traditional heroic qualities

   antilogarithm
             (one word), abbr.  antilog

   antimatter
             (one word)

   antimony  symbol Sb

   antinomy  conflict of authority

   antiparticle
             (one word)

   antipathize
             not -ise

   antiq.    antiquar/y, -ian

   antiqs.   antiquities

   Antiqua   (Ger. typ. f.), roman type (cap.)

   antique paper
             a moderately bulky, opaque book paper with roughish surface

   antisabbatarian


   anti-Semit/e
             (hyphen, one cap.); adj. -ic; noun -ism

   antistrophe
             stanza corresponding to the strophe in Greek dramatic chorus

   antistrophon
             (rhetoric), a retort

   antitetanus
             (adj., one word)

   antithes/is
             pl. -es

   antithesize
             not -ise

   antitoxin (one word)

   antitype  not ante-; that which corresponds to the type

   Antony    see Anthony

   antonym   a word of opposite meaning; abbr. ant.

   antrycide (against tsetse fly), not -tri-

   Anvers    Fr. for Antwerp, Belgium, in Fl. Antwerpen

   Anwick    Lincs.

   anybody   any person

   any body  any group of persons

   any/how, -one, -thing, -where
             (one word)

   any one   (person, thing), when each word to retain its meaning (see
             Hart's Rules, p. 77)

   anyway    one word in conventional sense, but note you can do it any way
             you like (two words)

   Anzac     Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (First World War)

   Anzeige/  (Ger. f.), notice, advertisement; pl. -n

1.16 AO...
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   AO        Accountant Officer, Army Order, Officer of the Order of
             Australia

   A.O.C.-in-C.
             Air Officer Commanding in Chief

   AOD       Army Ordinance Department, Ancient Order of Druids

   AOF       Ancient Order of Foresters

   AOH       Ancient Order of Hibernians

   aorist    abbr. aor.

   aort/a    (anat.), pl. -ae

   ao–t      (Fr. m.), August (not cap.)

   … outrance
             (Fr.), to the bitter end, not … l'outrance

1.17 AP...
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   AP        Associated Press

   Ap.       Apostle

   a.p.      above proof, author's proof

   Apache    (US) Indian tribe; apache, Paris ruffian

   apanage   not app-

   … part    (Fr.), apart

   apartheid (Afrik.), segregation

   ap/e, -ed, -ing, -ish


   Apelles   4th c. BC, Greek painter

   Apennines Italy (one p, three ns), in It. Appennini

   aper‡u    (Fr. m.), outline

   aperitif/ an alcoholic appetizer, pl. -s (not ital., no accent)

   APEX      Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical, and Computer
             Staff

   apex/     pl. -es; adj. apical

   apfelstrudel
             baked apples in pastry (not ital., not cap.)

   aphaere/sis
             removal of a sound from the beginning of a word; adj. -tic

   apheli/on (astr.), pl. -a

   aphid/    pl. -s

   aphi/s    pl. -des

   apical    see apex

   ap. J.-C. (Fr.), AD

   … plaisir (Fr.), at pleasure

   Apocalypse
             (NT), abbr. Apoc.

   Apocrypha (cap. A) abbr. Apocr. (for abbrs. of books see under names);
             adj. apocryphal

   apodictic clearly established; not -deictic

   apodos/is (gram.), pl. -es

   apog/ee   (astr.), abbr. apog.; adj.  -ean

   Apollinaire (Guillaume)
             1880-1918, French poet

   Apollinaris (water)
             mineral water from Ahr Valley, Germany

   Apollin/arius
             (sometimes -aris), Christian heretic, c.310-c.390; -arianism

   Apollo/   Greek god; -- Belvedere, statue in Vatican; adj.  -nian

   Apollonius Rhodius
             Greek poet, c.25O BC

   Apollos   Acts 18:24, follower of St Paul

   Apollyon  the Devil

   apologize not -ise

   apophthegm
             pithy maxim

   a-port    (hyphen)

   apostasy  not -cy

   apostatize
             not -ise

   a posteriori
             (reasoning) from effects to causes

   Apostle   abbr. Ap., pl. App.

   Apostles' Creed
             (caps.)

   Apostroph/
             (Ger. m.), apostrophe; pl. -e (cap.)

   apostrophe
             see possessive case, punctuation VIII, quotations

   apostrophize
             not -ise

   apothecaries' weight, signs
             (See Figure 2 in topic FRONT_4) Print quantities in lower case
             letters close up behind symbol:  final i becomes j, as vij = 7,
             j = 1

   apothegm  use apophthegm

   apotheos/is
             pl. -es

   apotropaic
             averting ill luck

   App.      Apostles

   app.      appendix

   appal/, -led, -ling


   Appalachian Mts.
             E. North America

   appanage  use apa-

   apparatus/
             pl. -es, not -ati (but use an alternative, e.g.  appliances,
             when possible)

   apparatus criticus
             variant readings; abbr. app. crit.

   apparel/, -led, -ling


   apparitor officer of ecclesiastical court, not -er

   app. crit.
             apparatus criticus

   appeal/, -ed, -ing


   appeasement
             not -sment

   appell/ant, -ate, -ation, -ative


   append/ix abbr. app.; pl. -ices, zool. and general, abbr. apps.

   appetiz/e not -ise; -er, -ing

   appliqu‚  Eng. noun, adj., and verb; past partic. appliqu‚d

   appoggiatura
             (mus.), type of grace-note, leaning note

   appreciat/or
             not -er; adjs. -ive, -ory

   apprentice
             abbr. appr.

   apprise   (to inform)

   apprize   (to value)

   appro     (on) approval (no point)

   appro.    approbation

   approver  one who turns Queen's evidence

   approximat/e, -ely, -ion;
             abbr.  approx.

   appurts.  appurtenances

   Apr.      April

   APRC      anno post Romam conditam (in the year after the building of Rome
             in 753 BC) (s. caps.); but use AUC, q.v.

   aprЉs/    (Fr.), after; -- coup, after the event; ---midi, afternoon
             (hyphen); -- moi (or nous) le d‚luge, after me (or us) the
             deluge; -- ski, (of) time after day's skiing

   April     abbr. Apr.; in Fr. avril (not cap.)

   a/ primo  (Lat.), from the first; -- principio, from the beginning

   a priori  (reasoning) from causes to effects (not ital.)

   apriorism doctrine of a priori ideas (one word, not ital.)

   apropos (of);
             … propos de bottes (Fr.), beside the mark

   APS       Associate of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

   apse/     semicircular recess, esp. in church; pl. -s

   apsi/s    in an orbit, point of greatest or least distance from central
             body; pl. -des

   apud      (Lat.), according to, in the work, or works, of

   Apuleius (Lucius)
             2nd c. AD, Roman satirist

   Apulia    Italy; in It. Puglia

1.18 aqua...
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   aqua/ fortis, -- regia
             (chem.), -- vitae (two words, not ital.)

   aquarium/ pl. -s

   … quatre mains
             (Fr. mus.), for two performers

   Aquinas (St Thomas)
             1225-74, Italian theologian

1.19 AR...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   AR        Arkansas (off. postal abbr.)

   AR        anno regni (in the year of the reign) (s. caps.)

   Ar        argon (no point)

   a/r       all risks

   ARA       Associate of the Royal Academy, London

   Arabi/a, -an, -c;
             abbr. Arab.

   Arabian Nights' Entertainments (The)


   Arabic    (typ.), 28 letters (all consonants, each with several forms
             according to position) and many accents (representing vowel
             sounds and other phonetic features). It is read from right to
             left; hence if any passage is divided, the right-hand words must
             go in the first line, and the left-hand words in the second
             line. See also BSI

   arabic numerals
             numerals used in ordinary computation, as, 1, 2, 3 (not cap.).
             See also numerals

   arach.    arachnology

   arachnid  (zool.) member of the Arachnida

   arachnoid (bot.) having long hairs, (anat.) one of meninges

   ARAD      Associate of the Royal Academy of Dancing

   Aragon    not Arr-; in Sp. Aragўn

   Araldite  propr. term (cap.)

   ARAM      Associate of the Royal Academy of Music

   Aramaic   Semitic language; abbr.  Aram.

   Aran, Island of
             Donegal, Ireland.  See also Arran

   Aran Islands
             Galway Bay, Ireland.  See also Arran

   ARAS      Associate of Royal Astronomical Society

   ARB       Air Registration Board, Air Research Burcati

   ARBA      Associate of the Royal Society of British Artists

   arbit/er, -rary, -ration
             abbr. arb.

   arbiter elegantiae
             (Lat.), a judge of taste

   arbitr/ament
             not -ement

   arbitrator
             legal or official word for arbiter

   arbor     spindle, axis

   arboretum (bot.), tree-garden; pl.  -a

   arboriculture
             abbr. arbor.

   arbor vitae
             conifer

   arbour    bower

   ARBS      Associate of the Royal Society of British Sculptors

   ARC       Aeronautical Research Council, Agricultural Research Council,
             Architects' Registration Council

   ARCA      Associate of the Royal College of Art

   Arcades ambo
             (Lat.), two with like tastes

   arcan/um  pl. -a

   Arc de Triomphe
             Paris

   arced     (elec.), not arck-

   arc-en-ciel
             (Fr. m.), rainbow; pl.  arcs-en-ciel

   arch.     archa/ic, -ism, archery, archipelago, architect,-ural, -ure

   archaeolog/y, -ical;
             abbr. archaeol.

   archangel (one word)

   Archangel USSR; in Russ.  Arkhangel'sk

   Archbishop
             abbr. Abp.

   Archd.    Archdeacon, Archduke

   archetype not archi-

   archidiaconal
             not archide-

   archiepiscopal


   Archimed/ean
             not -ian

   archipelago/
             pl. -s; abbr. arch.

   architect/, -ural, -ure;
             abbr.  arch., archit., archt.

   architype use archetype

   arcing    (elec.), not arck-

   ARCM      Associate of the Royal College of Music

   ARCO      Associate of the Royal College of Organists

   ARCS      Associate of the Royal College of Science

   arctic    (not cap.), cold

   Arctic Circle
             (two caps.); Arctic regions (one cap.)

   Ardleigh  Essex

   Ardley    Oxon.

   ARE       Associate of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers,
             Arab Republic of Egypt

   are       unit of square measure, 100 square metres

   aren't    to be printed close up

   areol/a   a small area; pl. -ae (not ital.)

   Arequipa  Peru

   ar€te     mountain ridge

   argent    (her.), silver, abbr. arg.

   Argentina the country, or Argentine Republic

   Argentine (adj.); also (noun) the inhabitant. See also Argentinian

   Argentinian
             (adj.); also (noun) the inhabitant; tending to replace
             Argentine; not -ean

   argentum  silver, symbol (chem.) Ag

   argon     symbol Ar

   argot     slang (not ital.)

   arguable  not -eable

   argumentum ad/ crumenam
             (Lat.), argument to the purse; -- -- hoc, -- for this (purpose);
             -- -- hominem, -- to the man's interests; -- ignorantiam, --
             based on the adversary's ignorance; -- -- invidiam, -- to men's
             hatreds or prejudices; -- -- rem, -- to the purpose; --
             verecundiam, appeal to modesty; argumentum baculinum, or -- ad
             baculum, -- of the stick, club-law; argumentum e silentio, --
             from silence

   argy-bargy
             dispute, wrangle, not argle-bargle (hyphen)

   Argyle    Minnesota, US

   Argyll/and Bute District; -- and Sutherland Highlanders; -- and the Isles
             (Bp. of); -- (Duke of)


   Argyllshire
             (former county of) Scotland

   Arian     (theol.), a follower of Arius; (one) born under Aries

   ARIBA     Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects.  See
             also RIBA

   ARICS     Professional Associate of the Royal Institution of Chartered
             Surveyors

   AriЉge    d‚p. France

   Aristotel/ian
             not -ean

   Arius     c.250-c.336, Christian heretic

   Ariz.     Arizona (off. abbr.)

   Ark.      Arkansas (off. abbr.)

   Arlay     d‚p. Jura, France

   Arle      Glos.

   Arles     d‚p. Bouches-du-Rh“ne, France

   Arm.      Armenian, Armoric

   armadillo/
             pl. -s

   armchair  (one word)

   Armenia   ancient country, now in part a Soviet Socialist Republic; adj.
             Armenian (geog., ethnic, or eccl.). See also USSR

   armes blanches
             (Fr.), side-arms (bayonet, sabre, sword)

   armful/   pl. -s

   armhole   (one word)

   Arminians followers of Arminius

   Arminius (Jacobus)
             Latinized form of Jacob Harmen, 1560-1609, Dutch theologian

   armory    heraldry

   armoury   collection of arms

   armpit    (one word)

   ARMS      Associate of the Royal Society of Miniature Painters

   arm's length
             (two words)

   Army      see Navy

   Army/ Dental Corps
             now RADC; -- Nursing Service, ANS; -- Order, AO; -- Ordnance
             Corps, now RAOC; -- Service Corps, later RASC, now RCT; --
             Veterinary Department, AVD, now RAVC

   Arnold (Edward)
             (Publishers), Ltd.

   Arnold (E. J.) & Son, Ltd.
             publishers

   arnotto   use annatto

   Arola     Piedmont, Italy

   Arolla    Switzerland

   Arolo     Lombardy, Italy

   Aroostook War
             1842, settled border of Maine and New Brunswick

   ARP       air-raid precautions

   arpeggio/ (mus.), striking of notes of chord in (usu. upward) succession;
             pl. -s

   ARPS      Associate of the Royal Photographic Society

   arquebus  use harq-

   ARR       anno regni Regis or Reginae (in the year of the King's or
             Queen's reign) (s. caps.)

   arr.      arranged, arriv/e, -ed,-es, -als

   Arragon   use Aragon

   Arran (Earl of)


   Arran (Isle of)
             Scotland. See also Aran

   arr€t     (Fr. m.), decree

   Arrhenius (Svante August)
             1859-1927, Swedish scientist

   arriЉre/-garde
             (Fr. f.), rearguard; ---pensee/, a mental reservation, pl. -s

   arrivis/me
             (Fr. m.), ambitious behaviour; -te, one who behaves thus

   arrondissement
             (Fr. m.), division of department

   arrowhead (one word)

   Arrows of the Chace
             by Ruskin, not Chase

   ARSA      Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, ditto Royal Society of
             Arts

   ARSCM     Associate of the Royal School of Church Music

   arsenic   symbol As

   ars est celare artem
             (Lat.), the art is to conceal art

   ARSL      Associate of the Royal Society of Literature

   ARSM      Associate of the Royal School of Mines

   ARSS      Antiquariorum Regiae Societatis Socius, Fellow of the Royal
             Society of Antiquaries

   ARSW      Associate of the Royal Scottish Society of Painting in Water
             Colours

   art.      article, artillery, artist

   art deco  decorative art-style of 1920s

   artefact  not arti-

   arteriosclerosis
             hardening of the arteries (one word)

   arthropod/
             member of Arthropoda, animals with jointed body and limbs; pl.
             -s

   article   abbr. art.

   articles of roup
             (Sc. law), conditions of sale (by auction)

   articles (titles of)
             (typ.), when cited, to be roman quoted

   artifact  use artefact

   artillery abbr. A. or art.

   artisan   not -zan

   artiste   (either sex), professional singer, dancer, or other performer

   artizan   use artisan

   art nouveau
             (Fr.), 19th-c.  ornamental art-style

   art paper a high quality coated paper used for illustrations

   artwork   (one word); abbr. a/w

   Arundel   W. Sussex

   Arundell of Wardour (Baron)
             title now extinct

   Arva      Cavan, not Arvagh

   ARWS      Associate of the Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours

   Aryan     Indo-European, not -ian

1.20 AS...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   AS        Anglo Saxon

   As        arsenic (no point)

   As.       Asia, -n, -tic

   ASA       Amateur Swimming Association; Associate Member, Society of
             Actuaries

   asafoetida
             (med.), ill-smelling gum resin; not the many variants

   Asante    mod. form of Ashanti, q.v.

   a.s.a.p.  as soon as possible

   Asbj”rnsen (Peter Christian)
             1812-85, Norwegian writer

   ascendan/ce
             not -ence; -cy, -t

   ascender  (typ.), top part of letters such as b d f h k l

   Ascension/ Day
             (caps., two words); -- Island, S. Atlantic

   ascetic   austere

   Ascham (Roger)
             1515-68, English writer

   ascites   (sing. and pl.), abdominal dropsy

   Asclepiad metre, not Ask-

   Asclepius the Greek god, not Asklepios, except in Gr. contexts.  See also
             Aesculapius

   a/s de    (Fr.), aux soins de, c/o

   ASDIC     Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee; used for a
             form of hydrophone (Asdic, now officially Sonar, q.v.)

   ASE       Amalgamated Society of Engineers

   ASEAN     Association of South East Asian Nations

   as follows:
             (use colon only, not :--)

   Asgard    the heaven of Norse mythology

   ash       Old-English letter ligatured ae, also used in phonetic script,
             Danish, and Norwegian

   Ashant/i  Ghana; not -ee; also Asante

   Ashby de la Zouch
             Leics. (no hyphens)

   Ashkenazim
             pl., East-European Jews, as distinct from Sephardim

   Ashkhabad cap. of Turkmenistan, USSR

   ashlar    (archit.), not -er

   Ashmolean Museum
             Oxford

   Ashtar/oth, -eth
             Bib. and Sem., otherwise use Astarte

   Ashton/-in-Makerfield, ---under-Lyne
             Gr. Manchester (hyphens), not -Lyme; Ashton upon Mersey, Gr.
             Manchester

   ashtray   (one word)

   Ash Wednesday
             first day of Lent (two words)

   Asian     (adj. and noun), (native) of Asia; not Asiatic, which is now
             freq. pejorative

   asinin/e  like an ass, not ass-; noun -ity

   Asir      ("the inaccessible"), see Saudi Arabia

   Asklepiad use Asclepiad; Asklepios, see Asclepius

   Aslef     Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen

   Aslib     Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux

   ASM       air-to-surface missile

   AsniЉres  Paris suburb

   Asola     Lombardy, Italy

   Asolo     Venetia, Italy

   asper     Greek rough breathing

   asperges  (noun sing.), sprinkling with blessed water

   asphalt   not ash-, -e

   asphodel  immortal flower in Elysium

   asphyxia  interruption of breathing

   aspic     a poisonous serpent, a savoury jelly

   ASR       (comp.), answer send and receive

   ass.      assistant

   assafoetida
             use asa-

   assagai   use assegai

   assai     (mus.), very

   assailant

   assassin

   assegai   spear, not assa-

   Assemblies, National and Federal.
             In addition to titles in English (Parliament, Assembly, Senate,
             Diet, etc.) in English-speaking countries and translation of
             foreign titles (National Assembly for Assembl‚e Nationale,
             etc.), the following titles are correct for particular
             countries:

             Bulgaria--Subranie.
             Denmark--Folketing.
             Finland--Eduskunta.
             Germany, Federal Republic
              of--Bundesrat (Upper House)
              and Bundestag (Lower House).
             Germany, Democratic Republic
              of--Volkskammer (not recognized
              by Western countries).
             Iceland--Althing.
             India--Rajya Sabha (Council of
              States) and Lok Sabha (House of
              the People).
             Iran--Senate and Majlis.
             Ireland, Republic of--Seanad
              ђireann (Senate) and D il ђireann
              (House of Representatives)
             Israel--Knesset.
             Netherlands--Staten Generaal,
              comprising Eerste Kamer (First
              Chamber) and Tweede Kamer (Second
              Chamber).
             Norway--Storting, comprising
              Lagting (Upper Council) and
              Odelsting (Lower Council).
             Poland--Sejm.
             Spain--Cortes.
             Sweden--Riksdag (or Diet).
             Switzerland--Nationalrat/Conseil
              National and St„nderat/Conseil des
              ђtats

   Assembly  (Church of Scotland) (cap.  A), properly General Assembly (also
             in other Presbyterian Churches).  See also Church Assembly

   assent/er one who assents; -or, one who subscribes to a nomination paper

   assert/er one who asserts; -or, an advocate

   assess/able, -or


   ASSET     Association of Supervisory Staffs, Executives, and Technicians

   assign/ee one to whom a right or property is assigned; -or, one who
             assigns

   Assiniboine
             Canada, not Assinn-

   Assisi    Italy

   assistant abbr. ass. or asst.

   assizer   officer with oversight of weights and measures; not -ser, -sor,
             -zor

   assoc.    associat/e, -ion

   ASSR      Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

   asst.     assistant

   Assuan    use Aswan

   assurance insurance of life (the technical term). See also life insurance

   assymmetry
             use asymmetry

   Assyr.    Assyrian

   a-starboard
             (hyphen)

   Astarte   Syrophoenician goddess; not Ashtar/oth, -eth

   astatine  symbol At

   Asterabad Iran

   asterisk  see reference marks

   Asti      Italian white wine

   ASTMS     Association of Scientific, Technical, and Managerial Staffs

   astr.     astronom/y, -er

   astrakhan lambskin from Astrakhan, USSR

   astrol.   astrolog/y, -er

   Astronomer Royal
             (caps., no hyphen)

   astronomy abbr. astr.  (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

   astrophysic/s
             (one word); -al, -ist

   Asturias  Spain, not The --

   Asunciўn  Paraguay

   ASVA      Associate of the Incorporated Society of Valuers and Auctioneers

   Aswan     Egypt; not the many variants

   asymmetry not ass-

   asymptote line approaching but not meeting a curve

   asyndeton omission of conjunction

   Asyut     Egypt

1.21 AT...
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   AT        (Ger.), Altes Testament (the Old --)

   At        astatine (no point)

   at.       atomic

   Atahualpa the last Inca

   Atalanta  (Gr. myth.)

   atar      use attar

   AtatЃrk (Kemal)
             1881-1938, Turkish statesman

   ATC       Air Traffic Control, Air Training Corps

   Atchin    Sumatra, Indonesia, use Ach-

   ATCL      Associate of Trinity College of Music, London

   atelier   studio (not ital.)

   a tempo   (mus.), in time; indicates that, after a change in time, the
             previous time must be resumed

   Athabasca Canada, not -ka

   Athanasi/us (St)
             d. 373, Greek Father; adj. -an

   atheling  not aeth-

   Athenaeum London club

   Athol     Canada, New Zealand

   Atholl (Duke of)


   Atl.      Atlantic

   Atlanta   Ga., US

   atmosphere
             gaseous envelope around the earth, the pressure exerted by it;
             abbr. atm.

   atoll     ring-shaped coral reef surrounding lagoon

   atomize   not -ise

   atonable  not -eable

   atri/um   hall of Roman house, cavity in heart; pl. -a or -ums

   Atropos   (Gr. myth.), the Fate that cuts the thread of life

   ATS       Auxiliary Territorial Service (superseded by WRAC)

   attach‚/  pl. -s (not ital.)

   attar     (as of roses), not atar, Otto, ottar

   Att.-Gen. Attorney-General

   Attic salt
             delicate wit (cap. A)

   Attila    c.406-43, king of the Huns

   attitudinize
             not -ise

   Attlee (Clement Richard, Earl)
             1883-1967, British politician, Prime Minister 1945-51

   attn.     for the attention of

   atto-     (as prefix) ten to the power of minus eighteen; abbr. a

   attorn    (law), to transfer

   Attorney-General
             abbr. A.-G. or Att.-Gen.

   attractor not -er

   ATV       Associated Television

   Atwood's machine
             (physics), not Att-

   at. wt.   atomic weight

1.22 AU...
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   AU        †ngstr”m unit, astronomical unit

   Au        aurum (gold) (no point)

   aubade    (Fr. f.), dawn-piece

   auberge   (Fr. f.), an inn; aubergiste (m. or f.), innkeeper

   aubergine fruit of egg-plant

   Aubign‚   d‚p. Deux-SЉvres, France

   Aubigny   d‚p. Nord, France

   aubr/ietia
             dwarf perennial, not -etia

   AUC       anno urbis conditae (in the year from the building of the city
             of Rome in 753 BC) (s. caps.; no points except in Latin
             composition); also ab urbe condita, from the foundation of the
             city

   Auchinleck (Field-Marshal Sir Claude John Eyre)
             1884-1981, British soldier

   Auchnashellach
             Highland, use Ach-

   au/ contraire
             (Fr.), on the contrary; -- courant de, fully acquainted with

   Audenarde see Oudenarde

   Audi      German make of car

   audio/ frequency, -- typist
             (two words), -visual adj. (hyphen)

   Auditor-General
             abbr. Aud.-Gen.

   auditori/um
             pl. -ums

   Audubon (John James)
             1785-1851, US ornithologist

   AUEW/     Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers, -- (TASS), ditto
             (Technical and Supervisory Section)

   au fait   (Fr.), thoroughly conversant

   Aufkl„rung
             (Ger. f.), enlightenment, esp. the eighteenth-century
             intellectual movement

   Auflage/  (Ger. f.), edition, impression; pl. -n (cap.); abbr.  Aufl.;
             unver„nderte --, reprint; verbesserte und vermehrte --, revised
             and enlarged edition

   au fond   (Fr.), at the bottom

   auf Wiedersehen
             (Ger.), till we meet again

   Aug.      August

   aug.      augmentative

   Augean    (stables), filthy (cap.)

   auger     tool for boring

   aught     anything. See also nau-

   au/ grand serieux
             (Fr.), in all seriousness; -- gratin, browned with cheese etc.

   augur     Roman soothsayer; (verb) foresee, portend

   August    abbr. Aug.

   Augustan  of Augustus or an era compared to his

   Augustine Augustinian monk; St --, 354-430, Bp. of Hippo; St --, d.  604,
             first Abp. of Canterbury

   Augustinian
             monk of order following St Augustine of Hippo

   au jus    (Fr.), in gravy

   auk       diving bird, not awk

   auld lang syne
             (caps. for song title)

   Auld Reekie
             Old Smoky, that is, Edinburgh

   Aumale (duc d')


   aumbry    closed recess in wall of church, not ambry

   Aumerle, Duke of
             (in Shakespeare's Richard II)

   au/ mieux (Fr.), very intimate; -- naturel, in its natural state, plainly
             cooked

   aunty     not -ie

   au/ pair  (Fr.), at par, on mutual terms; au pair girl (not ital.); --
             pied de la lettre, literally

   Aurangzeb 1618-1707, Mogul emperor, not the many variants

   aurar     pl. of eyrir, q.v.

   aurea mediocritas
             (Lat.), the golden mean

   aureola   a saint's halo

   au/ reste (Fr.), besides; -- revoir, till we meet again

   Aurigny   Fr. for Alderney

   auror/a austral/is
             pl. -ae -es; -- boreal/is, pl. -ae -es

   aurum     gold, symbol (chem.) Au (no point)

   Aus.      Austria, - n

   Auschwitz German concentration camp in Poland in Second World War

   au s‚rieux
             (Fr.), seriously

   Ausgabe   (Ger. f.), edition; abbr.  Ausg. (cap.). See also compounds
             Buch-, Pracht-, Volks-

   Austen (Jane)
             1775-1817, English writer

   Austin    English form of the name Augustine; -- (Alfred), 1835-1913, Poet
             Laureate 1896-1913; -- (John Langshaw), 1911-60, English
             philosopher; --, Tex., US

   Austral/ia, -ian
             abbr. Austral.; -asia, -asian

   Australian Capital Territory
             abbr.  ACT

   Austrasia Frankish Kingdom of 6th- 8th cc.

   Austria   abbr. Aus.

   Austria-Hungary
             (but Austro-Hungarian); in Ger.  ™sterreich-Ungarn

   autarchy  absolute sovereignty

   autarky   self-sufficiency

   Auteuil   Paris suburb

   auteur    (Fr. m.), author

   auth.     authentic, author, -ess, -ity, -ized

   authorities
             at the end of quotations, or in notes:

             I.   In scientific and technical work use the Harvard system,
                  giving:

                  1.  Name of author in roman.
                  2.  Date of publication.
                  3.  a, b, c, etc. close up after date to distinguish
                      between works of same author and date.
                  4.  A full alphabetical list in the style of II below at
                      the end of the work, or of each chapter.

             II.  In general setting give:

                  1.  Name of author in roman.
                  2.  Name of book in italic, and, if necessary, the series
                      title in roman.
                  3.  Title of article roman in quotation marks, name of
                      journal in italic.

                  For detailed examples see Hart's Rules, pp. 50-4.

                  Act, scene, and line                          III. iii. 45
                  Book                                                   iii
                  Book and line (long poems)                         iii. 25
                  Canto and line                                     xvi. 25
                  Chapter and page                                   xiv. 25
                  Chapter and verse (biblical)                         2: 34
                   (formerly                                         ii. 34)
                  Chapter, section, and paragraph
                   (some scientific and philosophical works)         22.2.25
                  Paragraph                                              °68
                  Section                                                 °5
                  Volume, chapter, and page                       IV. vi. 97


                  Quote the minimum number of divisions consistent with
                  clarity; the smallest in arabic numerals, the next in lower
                  case roman, and so on

   authorize not -ise

   Authorized Version
             (of Bible) (caps.); abbr. AV

   autis/m   morbid absorption in fantasy, or mental condition obstructing
             response to environment; adj. -tic

   autobahn/ German arterial road (not cap., not ital. in Anglicized form);
             pl. -s

   autochthon/
             original inhabitant; pl. -s; adj. -ous

   autocracy absolute government

   auto/-da-f‚
             (Port.), pl. autos-da-f‚; (Sp.) -- de fe; "act of the faith",
             burning of heretic by Inquisition

   autogiro  not -gyro

   autolithography
             (typ.), printing by lithography from stones or plates prepared
             by the artist personally

   automaton/
             pl. -s (but automata when used collectively)

   autonomy  self-government

   autonym   a book published under author's real name

   auto/pista
             Spanish arterial road; -route, French ditto

   autore    (It.), author; abbr. aut.

   autostrad/a
             Italian arterial road; pl. -e

   autres temps, autres moeurs
             (Fr.), other times, other manners

   autumn    (not cap.)

   Auvergne  (Fr.), not The --

   Auvers    d‚p. Seine-et-Oise, France

   Auverse   d‚p. Maine-et-Loire, France

   auxiliary abbr. aux. or auxil.

   Auxiliary Forces
             (caps.)

1.23 AV...
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   AV        Authorized Version (of Bible)

   a/v       ad valorem

   av.       average

   avant/-courier
             in Fr. m. -courrier or -cour/eur, fem. -euse, a forerunner;
             ---propos (m.), preface, pl. same (hyphens)

   avant-garde
             the advanced guard, the innovators

   av. C.    (It.), avanti Cristo (BC)

   avdp.     avoirdupois

   Ave.      Avenue

   ave atque vale
             (Lat.), hail and farewell

   Ave Maria (Hail, Mary!); abbr. AM

   Avenue    abbr. Ave.

   average   abbr. av.

   Averro‰s  1126-98, Muslim philosopher, not -oes

   avertible not -able

   avertissement
             (Fr. m.), notice, warning

   aviculture
             rearing of birds

   Avignon   d‚p. Vaucluse, France

   a vinculo matrimonii
             (Lat.), full (divorce)

   avis au lecteur
             (Fr.), notice to the reader

   avizandum (Sc. law), judge's consideration of case in private

   av. J.-C. (Fr.), BC

   AVM       Air Vice-Marshal

   avocad/o  pl. -os

   avocet    a bird, not -set

   Avogadro (Amedeo),
             1776-1856, Italian scientist, not Avro-

   avoirdupois
             abbr. avdp.

   …/ volont‚
             (Fr.), at pleasure, at will; -- votre sant‚! (here's) to your
             health!

   Avon/     county of England, and name of several English rivers; -- (Earl
             of)

   avril     (Fr. m., not cap.), April

1.24 a/w...
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   a/w       (typ.) artwork

   awesome   not aws-

   awhile    (adv.), but for a while

   awing     (partic. of awe), not aweing

   awk       use auk

   AWOL      absent without official leave

   AWRE      Atomic Weapons Research Establishment

1.25 ax....
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   ax.       axiom

   axe       not ax

   axel      jumping movement in skating

   ax/is     pl. -es; (cap., hist.) the German alliance formed in 1939

1.26 ay...
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   ay/       yes: "Ay, ay, sir"; pl. -es:  "The ayes have it"

   ayah      Indian nursemaid

   ayatollah Iranian religious leader (cap. when used as title)

   Aycliffe  Co. Durham, "new town", 1947

   aye       ever: "For ever and for aye"

   Aylesbury Bucks. See also Ail-

   Ayr       Strathclyde

   Ayre (Point of)
             Isle of Man

1.27 AZ...
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   AZ        Arizona (off. postal abbr.)

   az.       azure

   Azerbaijan/
             a Soviet Socialist Republic, see USSR, and province of NW Iran;
             -ian, the language

   Azores Islands;
             in Port. A‡ores

   Azov (Sea of)
             not -off, -of

   Azrael    (Muslim), the angel of death

   Aztec     one of a people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest;
             adj. Aztec/, -ian

2.0 B
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2.1 B...
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   B         bel, boron, (chess) bishop, (pencils) black (see also BB, BBB),
             (mus.) B flat in German system, the second in a series

   B.        Bachelor, Baron, bass, basso, Bay, Blessed (Beat/us, -a),
             British

   b         (phys.), barn; (compass), by

   b.        base, billion, book, born, (cricket) bowled, (cricket) bye,
             (meteor.) blue sky

2.2 BA...
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   BA        Bachelor of Arts, Booksellers Association, British Academy, --
             Airways (combining BEA and BOAC 1973), -- America, --
             Association

   Ba        barium (no point)

   BAA       British Airports Authority, -- Astronomical Association

   Baalbek   Syria

   baas      (Afrik.), master, boss

   Ba'ath    Iraqi and Syrian political party

   Babbitt   by Sinclair Lewis, 1922 (rom. in allusive use)

   Babcock & Wilcox
             engineers

   babiroussa
             a wild hog, not baby-, -russa

   babu      Indian title, not baboo

   BAC       British Aerospace Corporation

   baccalaureate
             university degree of bachelor

   baccarat  a card-game; in Fr. m.  baccara

   Bacchanalia/
             festival of Bacchus, strictly pl. but used in Eng. as sing.; -n
             (not cap.), riotous or drunken

   Bacchant/ male or female follower of Bacchus; -e, female only

   Bach/     German musical family, more than fifty in number in seven
             generations, of whom the greatest was -- (Johann Sebastian),
             1685-1750 (of the fifth generation), composer of orchestral,
             instrumental, and choral music; also important were his father's
             cousin, -- (Johann Christoph), 1642-1703, composer; and of J. S.
             B.'s twenty children, -- (Wilhelm Friedemann), 1710-84; -- (Carl
             Philipp Emanuel, usu. referred to as C. P. E.), 1714-88,
             developer of sonata and symphony form; -- (Johann Christoph
             Friedrich), 1732-95; -- (Johann Christian), 1735-82, "the
             English Bach"

   Bacharach small Rhineland town (wine-producing); -- (Burt), b.  1929, US
             composer

   Bachelier Љs/ lettres
             (Fr.), Bachelor of Letters, abbr. B. Љs L.; -- -- sciences,
             ditto Science, B. Љs S. (no hyphens)

   Bachelor/ abbr. B.; -- of Agriculture, B.Agr. (US); -- -- Architecture,
             B.Arch.; -- -- Arts, BA; -- -- Canon and Civil Law, BUJ; -- --
             Civil Engineering, BCE; -- -- Civil Law, BCL; -- -- Commerce,
             B.Com.; -- -- Dental Surgery, BDS or B.Ch.D.; -- -- Divinity,
             BD; -- -- Education, B.Ed.; -- -- Engineering, BE or B.Eng. or
             B.A.I.  Dub. (Dublin); -- -- Law, BL: -- -- Laws, B LL; -- --
             Letters, B.Litt.  or Litt.B., in Fr. B. Љs L.; -- -- Medicine,
             BM or MB; -- -- Metallurgy, B.Met.; -- -- Mining Engineering,
             BME; -- -- Music, B.Mus. or Mus.B.; -- -- Obstetrics, BAO; -- --
             Philosophy, B.Phil.; -- -- Science, B.Sc., or BS (US), in Fr. B.
             Љs S.; -- -- Surgery, BC, B.Ch., BS, or Ch.B.; -- -- Technical
             Science, B.Sc. Tech.; -- -- Theology, B.Th.

   bacill/us pl. -i (not ital.)

   back      (typ.), see margins

   back-bench(er)
             (Parl.) (hyphen)

   Backhuysen (Ludolf)
             1631-1708, Dutch painter, not Bakhuisen

   backing up
             (typ.), printing on the second side

   backwoodsman
             (one word)

   Bacon (Sir Francis)
             (often incorrectly Lord), 1561-1626, Baron Verulam and Viscount
             St Albans

   Baconian  pertaining to Roger Bacon, died c.1292; or to Sir Francis Bacon;
             or to the theory that Sir Francis Bacon wrote Shakespeare's
             plays

   bacshish  use baksheesh

   bacteri/um
             microscopic organism; pl. -a; -cide

   bade      see bid

   Baden-Baden
             W. Germany (hyphen)

   Baden-Powell (Robert Stephenson Smyth, Baron)
             1857-1941, Founder of Boy Scouts, 1908 (hyphen)

   badinage  (Fr. m.), humorous ridicule

   Baedeker (Karl)
             1801-59, guidebook publisher

   Baffin/ Bay
             island, NE America, not -ns, -n's

   BAFU      Bakers', Food, and Allied Workers' Union

   bagarre   (Fr. m.), brawl

   Bagehot (Walter)
             1826-77, English writer

   Baghdad   Iraq, not Bagd-

   BagnЉres/ de Bigorre
             d‚p. Hautes-Pyrenees; -- de Luchon, d‚p Haute-Garonne, France

   bagnio/   bathing-house, oriental prison, brothel; pl. -s

   Bagnoles  d‚p. Orne, France

   Bagnols   d‚p. Gard, France

   bagpip/e(s), -er
             (one word)

   B.Agr.    (US), Bachelor of Agriculture

   Baha'/i   religion initiated by Bah 'u'll h (1817-92); -ism

   Baham/as  W. Indies, indep. 1973; adj. -ian

   Bahrain   islands, Persian Gulf, not -ein

   Baiae     Naples

   B.A.I. Dub.
             Bachelor of Engineering, Univ. of Dublin

   baignoire (Fr. f.), theatre box at stalls level

   Baikal (Lake)
             USSR

   bail      (noun) security for appearance of prisoner, cross-piece over
             stumps in cricket, (hist.) outer line of fortifications; (verb)
             to deliver goods in trust, (naut.) to scoop water out of; to
             secure release on bail. See also bale

   bailee    one to whom goods are entrusted for a purpose

   bailer    (naut.), one who bails water out, scoop used for bailing. See
             also bailor, bale

   bailey    outer wall of castle; Old Bailey, London's Central Criminal
             Court

   bailie    (Sc.), an alderman; bailiery, jurisdiction of a bailie, not
             -iary

   bailiwick office or jurisdiction of a bailiff

   Baillie (Joanna)
             1762-1851, Scottish poet

   BailliЉre, Tindall, Ltd.
             publishers

   bailor    (law), one who entrusts goods to a bailee. See also bailer

   Baily's/ Magazine; -- Directory


   bain-marie
             double saucepan; pl.  bains-

   Baireuth  Bavaria, use Bay-

   Bairut    Lebanon, use Beirut

   baklava   Turkish pastry with nuts and honey

   baksheesh (Arab., Turk.), a gratuity, not the many variants

   bal.      balance

   Balaclava not -klava

   balalaika Russian stringed instrument

   balanceable
             not -cable

   Balbriggan
             Co. Dublin; also knitted cotton goods

   bale/, -s abbr. bl. or bls.

   bale      (noun) a package, (arch.)  destruction, woe; (verb) to make into
             a package; -- out, to escape from an aircraft by parachute. See
             also bail

   Bѓle      Fr. for Basle

   Balfour/ (Baron, of Burleigh); --
             (Baron, of Inchrye); -- (Earl of).  (Three distinct titles)

   Bali/     Indonesia; adj. -nese

   Baliol    an Anglo-Norman family, not the Oxford College, Balliol

   balk      (verb), not baulk

   Balkan Mts.
             Bulgaria

   Balkhan Mts.
             Transcaspia

   Ballaarat Victoria, Australia, use -larat

   ballade   medieval French poem, also its imitation

   Ballantine (James)
             1808-77, artist and poet; -- (William), 1812-86, serjeant-at-law

   Ballantyne (James)
             1772-1833, and -- (John), 1774-1821, Sir W.  Scott's printers
             and publishers; -- Press, founded by them in 1796; -- (Robert
             Michael), 1825-94, Scottish writer for boys

   Ballarat  Victoria, Australia, not -aarat

   ballet-dancer
             (hyphen)

   ball game (two words)

   Balliol College
             Oxford. See also Baliol

   ballistic/
             (adj.); -s, pl., the science (two ls)

   ballon d'essai
             (Fr. m.), a "feeler" of any kind

   ballot/, -ed, -ing


   ballroom  (one word)

   Ballsbridge
             Co. Dublin (one word)

   ballyhoo  vulgar publicity

   baloney   use boloney

   BALPA     British Air Line Pilots' Association

   Baluchi   a native of Baluchistan, not Be-, Bi-

   baluster  upright supporting a rail, commonly of stone and outdoors, tbe
             whole structure being a balustrade.  See banister

   Balzac (Honor‚ de)
             1799-1850, French writer; -- (Jean Louis Guez de), 1596-1654,
             French writer

   Bamberg   W. Germany, not -burg

   Bamburgh  Northumberland

   banal     commonplace

   Banaras   Hindi for Benares

   Band      (Ger. m.), a volume, pl. B„nde; abbr. Bd., pl. Bde.

   bandanna  a handkerchief, not -ana

   b. & b.   bed and breakfast

   B. & F.B.S.
             British and Foreign Bible Society

   bandit/   pl. -s

   bandoleer a belt for cartridges, not -olier, -alier

   bandolero Spanish brigand

   Bandung   Indonesia, not Bandoeng

   bang      Indian hemp, use bh-

   Bangalore Mysore, India

   Bangkok   Thailand, not Bankok

   Bangladesh
             "Land of the Bengalis", formerly E. Pakistan; indep. 1972

   banister  upright supporting a rail; commonly of wood, indoors, on
             staircase, the whole structure being banisters (pl.). See
             baluster

   banjo/    pl. -s

   bank      abbr. bk.

   banking   abbr. bkg.

   banknote  (one word)

   Bankok    use Bangkok

   bank paper
             a thin, strong paper

   banlieue  (Fr. f.), precinct, suburb

   banneret  (law), a knight made on the field of battle

   bannerette
             small banner

   banns     not bans

   banquet/, -ed, -ing
             (one t)

   banquette a raised way behind firing-rampart; seat

   Bantu     designating a group of Central, E., and S. African native
             peoples and languages

   BAO       Bachelor of Art of Obstetrics

   BAOR      British Army of the Rhine

   bap.      baptized

   Baptist   abbr. Bapt.

   baptistery
             not -try

   baptize   not -ise

   Bar       called to the (cap.); bar, unit of pressure, 1/10 megapascal

   bar.      barley-corn, baromet/er, -ric, barrel

   Barbad/os not -oes, indep. 1966, abbr. Barb., adj. -ian

   barbarize not -ise

   Barbary   N. Africa

   barbecue  open-air roasting (party) (not -que)

   barberry  shrub of genus Berberis, not ber-, -ery

   barbet    tropical bird

   barbette  gun platform

   Barbirolli (Sir John)
             1899-1970, English conductor

   barcarole Venetian gondolier's song; in Fr. barcarolle

   B.Arch.   Bachelor of Architecture

   Barclays Bank, Ltd.
             (no apos.)

   Bareilly  Uttar Pradesh, India, not -eli

   Barenboim (Daniel)
             b. 1942, Argentinian-born Israeli musician

   Barents Sea
             north of Norway and USSR, not -'s, -'z

   bargain/er
             a haggler; -or (law), the seller

   Bar Harbor
             Maine, US

   Baring-Gould (Revd Sabine)
             1834-1924, English author (hyphen)

   baritone  (mus.), not bary-

   barium    symbol Ba

   bark      vessel (arch. and poet.); in techn. sense use barque

   Barkston  Lincs., N. Yorks.

   barleycorn
             (one word), abbr. bar.

   bar/maid, -man
             (one word)

   Barmecide one who offers illusory benefits, not -acidc

   bar mitzvah
             Jewish initiation rite

   Barmston  Humberside

   barn      (phys.), unit of area, abbr. b

   Barnaby Bright
             St. Barnabas' Day, 11 June; longest day, Old Style

   Barnard (Dr Christiaan)
             b. 1922, S.  African surgeon

   Barnardo (Dr Thomas John)
             1845-1905, British philanthropist

   baro/graph
             a recording barometer; -gram, the record; -logy, science of
             weight; -meter, -metric, abbr.  bar.

   baron     member of lowest order of British nobility; cap. when with name
             (but Lord more common); l.c. with foreign name (but in Ger.
             cap.); abbr. B.

   baron/    (Fr.), Baron; fem. -ne (not cap.)

   baron and feme
             (law), husband and wife regarded as one

   baronet/  member of lowest hereditary titled British order; cap. when with
             name; abbr. Bt.; baronetage, baronets collectively, book about
             them; baronetcy, patent or rank of baronet

   Barons Court
             London (no apos.)

   baroque   exuberant archit. style of seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,
             applied also to music and other arts (not ital., not cap.)

   barouche  four-wheeled carriage, not baru-

   barque    vessel with aftermost mast fore-and-aft rigged and remaining
             masts square rigged, not bark

   barquentine
             three-masted vessel with foremast only square-rigged, not
             -antine, barke-

   barr.     barrels, barrister

   barrac/uda
             large W. Indian sea-fish; -outa only with reference to Thyrsites
             atun (Austral. and NZ)

   barrator  (law), malicious litigant, not -ater, -etor

   barratry  (law), vexatious litigation; (marine law) master's or crew's
             fraud or negligence

   Barrault (Jean-Louis)
             b. 1910, French actor, director, producer

   barrel/, -s
             abbr. bar., barr., bl., bls.

   barrel/led, -ling


   barrico/  a small cask, pl. -es

   Barrie (Sir James Matthew)
             1860-1937, Scottish novelist and playwright

   Barrie & Jenkins, Ltd.
             publishers

   barrister abbr. barr.

   Barrow-in-Furness
             Cumbria (hyphens)

   Bart.     Baronet, use Bt.

   bartender (one word)

   Barth (Heinrich)
             1821-65, German explorer; -- (John), b. 1930, US novelist; --
             (Karl), 1886-1968, Swiss theologian

   Bartholomew Day
             24 Aug. (caps., two words, for London local terminology but St
             Bartholomew's Day for the massacre, 1572)

   Bartўk (Bela)
             1881-1945, Hungarian composer

   Bartolommeo (Fra)
             1475-1517, Italian painter

   Bartolozzi (Francesco)
             1727-1813, Italian engraver

   Bart's    St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London

   Baruch    (Apocr.), not to be abbr.

   baruche   use barouche

   barytone  use bari- except for the Greek accent

   bas bleu  (Fr. m.), a "bluestocking"

   base      abbr. b.

   baseball  US national game played by two teams of nine; ball used in it

   Basel     Ger. for Basle

   bashaw    use pasha

   bashi-bazouk
             (hyphen), Turkish mercenary

   Bashkirtseff (Marie K.)
             properly Marya Bashkirtseva, 1860-84, Russian diarist

   BASIC     (comp.), Beginners' All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

   Basic English
             (two caps.), "debabelized" language proposed by C. K. Ogden,
             1929

   Basildon  Essex, "new town", 1949

   basinet   light steel headpiece, not bass-

   bas/is    pl. -es

   Baskerville (John)
             1706-75, typefounder and printer; designer of Baskerville type

   Basle     Switz., in Fr. Bѓle; in Ger.  Basel

   Basra     Iraq, not -ah

   bas-relief
             not bass-

   Bas-Rhin  d‚p. E. France (hyphen)

   bass      a fish, not -e

   bassinet  cradle, perambulator, not basi-, -ette, berceaunette

   basso/    (mus.), abbr. B.; -- profundo (It. mus.), lowest male voice

   bass/o-riliev/o
             (It.), bas-relief, pl. -i -i, Anglicized to basso- relievo, pl.
             -os

   bastaard  (S. Afr.), person of mixed white and coloured parentage, whether
             legitimate or not

   bastardize
             not -ise

   bastard/  size (typ.), a non-standard size; -- title, see half-title

   Bastille  (Fr. f.). Paris prison

   bastille  a fortified tower, not -ile

   bastinado/
             not basto-; pl. -s

   Basuto/, -land
             S. Africa. See Lesotho

   bateau/   (Fr. m.), a boat, not batt-; pl. -x

   Bath: et Well:
             sig. of Bp. of Bath and Wells (two colons)

   Bath/     brick, -- bun, -- chair, -- chap (not chop), -- Oliver, -- stone
             (cap. B) (two words)

   baton     music conductor's stick

   battalion abbr. battn. or bn.

   battels   account for provisions etc., at Oxford University

   batter    (typ.), a damaged letter

   batterie de cuisine
             (Fr. f.), a set of cooking utensils

   battery   abbr. batt. or bty.

   battleaxe (one word)

   battle-cry
             (hyphen)

   battle/dress, -field, -ground, -ship
             (one word)

   battue    (Fr. f.), shooting

   Batum     Georgia, USSR, not -oum

   Baudelaire (Charles)
             1821-67, French poet, not Beau-

   Bauhaus   20th c. Ger. archit. school

   baulk     of timber; area on billiard-table; as verb use balk

   Bavaria/, -n
             abbr. Bav.; in Ger.  Bayern

   bawbee    (Sc.), halfpenny, not bau-

   bayadЉre  Hindu dancing girl

   Bayard (Pierre de Terrail, Chevalier de)
             1475-1524, "The Knight without fear and without reproach"

   Bayern    Ger. for Bavaria

   bayonet/, -ed, -ing; -- fitting
             plug (elec.), two words

   bayou     tributary creek

   Bayreuth  Bavaria, not Bai-. See also Beirut

   bazaar

2.3 BB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BB        (pencils), double black; also 2B

   BBB       (pencils), treble black; also 3B

   BBC       British Broadcasting Corporation

2.4 BC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BC        Bachelor of Surgery, Board of Control, British Columbia (Canada)

   BC        before Christ (s. caps.), should always be placed after the
             numerals

   b.c.      (meteor.), partly cloudy sky

   BCA       Bureau of Current Affairs

   BCC       British Copyright Council, -- Council of Churches, Crown Colony

   BCD       (comp.), binary coded decimal

   BCE       Bachelor of Civil Engineering; before Christian (or Common) Era
             (see ACE)

   BCG       bacillus of Calmette and Gu‚rin (anti-TB inoculation)

   B.Ch., B.Chir.
             Bachelor of Surgery

   B.Ch.D., BDS
             Bachelor of Dental Surgery

   BCL       Bachelor of Civil Law

   B.Com., B.Comm., B.Com.Sc.
             Bachelor of Commerce

   BCP       Book of Common Prayer

2.5 BD...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BD        Bachelor of Divinity

   Bd.       (Ger.), Band (a volume)

   bd.       board, bond, bound

   BDA       British Dental Association

   Bde.      (Ger.), B„nde (volumes)

   Bde. Maj. Brigade Major

   bdg.      binding

   bdl., bdls.
             bundle, -s

   Bdr.      Bombardier

   BDS       Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Bomb Disposal Squad

   bds.      (bound in) boards

2.6 BE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BE        B.Eng., Bachelor of Engineering

   Be        beryllium (no point)

   b.e.      bill of exchange

   BEA       British Epilepsy Association, -- Esperanto Association, --
             European Airways (see BA)

   beach-la-mar
             pidgin English of W.  Pacific

   bear      (Stock Exchange), speculator for a fall

   beard     (typ.), the space between the bottom of the x-height (q.v.) and
             the upper edge of the shank

   beargarden
             (one word)

   B‚arnaise rich white sauce

   bearskin  military cap (one word)

   beastings use bee-

   beasts of the chase
             (law), buck, doe, fox, marten, roe; ditto forest (law), boar,
             hare, hart, hind, wolf; ditto warren (law), cony and hare; ditto
             of venery (law) are "beasts of the forest"

   beatae memoriae
             (Lat.), of blessed memory; abbr. BM

   Beata/ Maria
             or -- Virgo (Lat.), the Blessed Virgin; abbr. BM or BV (no
             points). See also BMV, BVM

   Beatles (the)
             pop group, fl. 1960s

   beatnik   member of "beat" generation

   beau      (pl. beaux), not ital.

   Beauclerc sobriquet of Henry I

   Beauclerk fam. name of Duke of St Albans

   Beaudelaire
             use Bau-

   beau-fils (Fr. m.), son-in-law, stepson; without hyphen, beautiful son

   Beaufort scale
             of wind force (one cap.); for details see under wind

   beau ideal
             model of excellence (not ital.)

   beauidealize
             not -ise (one word)

   Beaujolais
             a burgundy

   Beaulieu  Hants

   beau monde
             the fashionable world

   Beaune    a burgundy

   beau-pЉre (Fr. m.), father-in-law, stepfather; without hyphen, beautiful
             father

   beaux-arts
             (Fr. pl. m.), fine arts

   beaux/ esprits
             (Fr. pl. m.), brilliant wits, sing. bel esprit; -- yeux, good
             looks

   beccafico/
             small edible Italian bird, not beca-; pl. -s

   b‚chamel  (Fr. cook.), white sauce named after B‚chamel, steward of Louis
             XIV

   b€che-de-mer
             sea-slug, a Chinese delicacy

   Bechstein (Friedrich Wilhelm Carl)
             1826-1900, German pianoforte maker; -- (Johann Matth„us),
             1757-1822, German naturalist

   Bechuana/, -land
             S. Africa. See Botswana

   Becket (…)
             see … Becket

   Beckett (Samuel)
             1906-89, Irish writer

   becquerel unit of radioactivity, abbr. Bq

   Becquerel French family of physicists: -- (Antoine C‚sar), 1788-1878,
             father of -- (Alexandre Edmond), 1820-91, father of -- (Antoine
             Henri), 1852-1908, discoverer of radioactive -- rays, now gamma
             rays

   bed       (typ.), the part of the press on which the forme lies

   B.Ed.     Bachelor of Education

   bedaw/een, -i, -in
             use bedouin

   bed/bug, -clothes
             (one word)

   Beddgelert
             Gwynedd, not Beth-

   bedeguar  mosslike excrescence on roses

   bedel     Oxford official form of beadle; at Cambridge and London, bedell

   Bedfordshire
             abbr. Beds.

   bedouin   a desert Arab, not the many variants; pl. same

   bed/owy   use -ouin

   bed/pan, -post, -ridden, -room
             (one word)

   Beds.     Bedfordshire

   bed/-sitter, -sitting-room
             (hyphens)

   bed/sore, -time
             (one word)

   bed/uin   use -ouin

   beefsteak (one word)

   beehive   (one word)

   beerhouse (law), where beer is sold to be drunk on or off the premises

   beer-mat  (hyphen)

   beershop  (law), where beer is sold to be drunk off the premises

   beestings first milk from a mammal, not bea-, bie-

   beeswax   (noun and verb)

   Beethoven (Ludwig van not von)
             1770-1827, German composer; divide Beet-hoven

   BEF       British Expeditionary Force

   be/fall   not -fal; past -fell

   Beggar's Opera
             not -s'

   behemoth  biblical animal (book of Job), thought to be the hippopotamus

   behoof    (noun), benefit

   behove    (verb), to be incumbent on

   Behring (Emil von)
             1854-1917, German bacteriologist

   Behring Isle, Sea
             and Strait, use Bering

   beignet   (Fr. m.), a fritter

   Beijing   Pinyin form of Peking

   Beinn Bhuidhe
             near Inveraray, Strathclyde. See also Ben Buie

   Beirut    Lebanon, not Ba-, Bai-, Beyrout(h). See also Bayreuth

   bel       unit of ten decibels (decibel is more often used); abbr. B

   Belalp    Switz. (one word)

   Bel and the Dragon
             (Apocr.), abbr.  Bel & Dr.

   beldam    (arch.), a hag, not -e

   Bel‚m     Brazil, formerly Par 

   bel/ esprit
             (Fr. m.), a brilliant wit, pl. beaux esprits; -- ‚tage, the
             first floor, not belle --

   Belgique  (Fr. f.), Belgium; belge, Belgian (not cap., unless used as a
             noun)

   Belg/ium, -ian, -ic
             abbr. Belg.

   Belgrade  Yugoslavia

   believable
             not -eable

   Belitung  Indonesia, not Billiton

   Belize/   Cent. America, formerly British Honduras; adj. -an

   Bell (Acton, Currer, Ellis)
             see Bront‰

   belladonna
             (bot.), deadly nightshade (one word)

   belle     (not ital.)

   belle/ amie
             (Fr. f.), female friend; ---de-jour (bot.), convolvulus; ---
             de-nuit (bot.), marvel of Peru; -- epoque, before 1914; --
             fille, daughter-in-law, stepdaughter; without hyphen, beautiful
             girl; -- laide, fascinatingly ugly woman

   Belle-Њle-en-Mer
             d‚p. Morbihan, France (hyphens)

   Belle Isle (Straits of)
             between Newfoundland and Labrador

   Belleisle Co. Fermanagh

   belle-mЉre
             (Fr. f.), mother-in-law, stepmother; without hyphen, beautiful
             mother

   belles-lettres
             literature, is pl.  (hyphen)

   belletrist/
             one devoted to belles- lettres; adj. -ic (not -ettr-)

   Bell Island
             off NE coast of Newfoundland

   Bell Rock North Sea. See also Inchcape Rock

   Bel/oochee, -uchi
             use Baluchi

   Belorussia
             White Russia, a Soviet Socialist Republic, not Bye-. See also
             USSR

   belvedere (It.), a raised building, not belvi- (not ital.)

   Belvedere Kent; Calif., US

   Belvidere Ill., US

   Belvoir   castle, Leics.

   BEM       British Empire Medal

   Benares   India, off. Varanasi; in Hindi Banaras

   Ben Buie  Mull, Strathclyde. See also Beinn Bhuidhe

   bench-mark
             (hyphen)

   Ben Day   (typ.), mechanical method for producing shading and stippling
             effects

   Benedic   canticle from Psalm 103

   Benedicite
             the "Song of the Three Children", from Apocr., as canticle

   benedick  confirmed bachelor newly married, not -ict (from a character in
             Shakespeare's Much Ado about Nothing)

   Benedictus
             the Canticle of Zacharias (Luke 1: 68 ff.), or a choral passage
             in the Mass, beginning Benedictus qui venit (Matt. 21: 9)

   benefactor
             not -er

   beneficent
             not -ficient

   benefit/, -ed, -ing


   Benelux   Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg

   Benet     English form of the name Benedict; used of St Benedict and
             institutions bearing his name, e.g.  St Benet's Church, -- --
             Hall

   Bene't Street
             Cambridge

   Ben‚t (Stephen Vincent)
             1898-1943, and -- (William Rose), 1886-1950, his brother, US
             poets

   B.Eng.    Bachelor of Engineering

   Bengali/  person born in, language of, (adj.) of Bengal, not -ee, pl.  -s;
             abbr. Beng.

   Benghazi  Libya, not -gasi

   Ben-Gurion (David)
             1886-1973, Israeli statesman

   Ben/ Lawers
             Tayside; -- Macdhui, Grampian

   Bennet    family name of Earl of Tankerville; family in Austen's Pride &
             Prejudice; -- (John), c.1600, English madrigalist

   Bennett (Enoch Arnold)
             1867-1931, English writer; -- (Richard Rodney), b. 1936, and --
             (William Sterndale), 1816-75, English composers

   benth/al  of ocean depths exceeding 6,000 feet; -os, the flora and fauna
             of the sea-bottom, as opp. to plankton

   Bentham (George)
             1800-84, botanist; -- (Jeremy), 1748-1832, English polit.
             philosopher

   ben trovato
             (It.), well invented

   Ben Venue Central (two words)

   ben venuto
             (It.), welcome

   Ben/ Vorlich, -- Vrackie
             Tayside

   Benzedrine
             (med.), propr. term for an inhalant or nerve stimlant, not -in
             (cap.)

   benzene   a substance obtained from coal-tar

   benzine   a spirit obtained from petroleum

   benzoin   aromatic resin of Japanese tree

   benzol    crude benzene, not -ole

   benzoline benzine

   Beowulf   Anglo-Saxon epic

   bequeather
             a testator

   B‚ranger (Pierre Jean de)
             1780-1857, French poet

   berberry  use bar-

   berceau   (Fr. m.), cradle

   berceaunette
             use bassinet

   berceuse  (Fr. f.), a cradle song

   Berg/     (Ger. m.), a mountain; pl. -e (cap.)

   berg      (Afrik.), a mountain

   Bergamask native of Bergamo, Lombardy; bergamasque, rustic dance
             attributed to them

   bergamot  tree (of citrus family; type of pear, not burg-

   Bergerac  d‚p. Dordogne, Erance; wine made there; -- (Savinien Cyrano de),
             1619-55, French writer

   Bergman (Ingmar)
             b. 1918, Swedish film and theatre director; -- (Ingrid),
             1917-82, Swedish actress

   Bergson (Henri)
             1859-1941, French philosopher

   beriberi  tropical disease, not -ria (one word)

   Bering (Vitus Jonassen)
             1680-1741, Danish navigator

   Bering Isle, Sea
             and Strait, not Beh-, -ings

   Berkeleian
             of the philosopher Berkeley

   Berkeley  Calif., US; -- (George, Bishop), 1685-1753, Irish philosopher;
             -- (Sir Lennox), 1903-89, English composer

   berkelium symbol Bk

   Berkhamsted
             Herts.

   Berks.    Berkshire

   Bernard (Claude)
             1813-78, French physiologist

   Bernardine
             Cistercian, from St Bernard of Clairvaux, 1091-1153

   Berne     Swiss canton and town, in Ger. Bern; -- Convention (1886 and
             later revisions) deals with copyright: there are now over sixty
             members (incl. UK but not US or USSR). Basically each
             member-nation extends benefit of its two copyright laws to works
             by citizens of other member-nations, and no registration of the
             book or claim to copyright is required. The author also has the
             "moral right" during his lifetime to object to any alteration of
             his work, regardless of copyright-ownership.  See also Universal
             Copyright Convention

   Berners (Gerald Hugh Tyrwhitt-Wilson, Baron)
             1883-1950, English composer; -- (John Bourchier, Baron),
             1467-1533, English translator; -- (Dame Juliana), wrote Boke of
             St Albans, first ed.  1486

   Bernhardt (Rosine called "Sarah")
             1845-1923, actress

   Bernoulli family of Swiss mathematicians, not -illi

   bernouse  Arab cloak, use burnous

   bersaglier/e
             (It.), a rifleman; pl.  -i

   Berthelot (Pierre Eugene Marcelin)
             1827-1907, French chemist and statesman

   Berthollet (comte Claude Louis)
             1748-1822, French chemist

   Berwickshire
             former county of Scotland

   beryllium symbol Be

   Berzelius (J”ns Jakob, baron)
             1779-1848, Swedish chemist

   B. Љs A.  now B. Љs L.

   Besan‡on  d‚p. Doubs, France

   B. Љs L.  (Fr.), Bachelier Љs lettres (Bachelor of letters)

   beso/ las manos
             (Sp.), "I kiss the hands" (frequently said or written); -- los
             pies, "I kiss the feet"

   B. Љs S.  (Fr.), Bachelier Љs sciences (Bachelor of Science)

   Bessarabia
             district in Moldavia and Ukraine, ceded by Romania to USSR, 1940

   Bessbrook Co. Armagh

   Bessemer process
             in steel mfr. (one cap.)

   Besses o' th' Barn
             Greater Manchester

   bestialize
             not -ise

   beta/ particle, -- ray
             (two words)

   betatron  apparatus for accelerating electrons

   betel     leaf of betel-pepper, chewed in East

   betel-nut misnomer for areca-nut, chewed with betel

   Betelgeuse
             (astr.), red star in Orion, not -x

   b€te noire
             (Fr. f.), one's pet aversion, not -- noir; pl. -es -es

   bethel    Nonconformist chapel (not cap.)

   b€tise    (Fr. f.), stupidity

   Betjeman (Sir John)
             1906-84, English poet and writer on architecture; appointed Poet
             Laureate 1972

   betony    (bot.), not bett-

   better    one who bets, not -or

   Betws-y-coed
             Gwynedd (hyphens)

   Bevan (Aneurin)
             1897-1960, Welsh politician. See also Bevin

   bevel/, -led, -ling


   Beveridge (William Henry, Baron)
             1879-1963, English economist

   Beverley  Humberside

   Beverly   Miss., US

   Beverly Hills
             Calif., US

   Bevin (Ernest)
             1881-1951, English politician. See also Bevan

   bevy      proper word for a company of ladies, larks, maidens, quails, or
             roes; also in gen. use

   Bewick (Thomas)
             1753-1828, English engraver

   Bexleyheath
             London (one word)

   bey       (Turk.), a governor; Bey of Tunis, formerly ruler of Tunisia
             (cap.)

   beylic    jurisdiction of a bey, not -ik

   Beyrout(h)
             Lebanon, use Beirut

   bezant    gold coin first struck at Byzantium, not by-

2.7 b.f....
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   b.f.      bloody fool, brought forward, (typ.) bold face

   BFBS      British and Foreign Bible Society

   BFI       British Film Institute

   BFPO      British Forces' Post Office

2.8 BGC
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BGC       bank giro credit

2.9 Bhagavadgita...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Bhagavadgita
             philosophical dialogue in the Hindu epic Mahabharata

   B'ham     Birmingham

   bhang     Indian hemp, not ba-

   BHC       British High Commissioner

   b.h.p.    brake horsepower

   BHS       British Home Stores

   Bhutan/   protectorate of Rep. of India since 1949; adj. -ese

2.10 Bi...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Bi        bismuth (no point)

   Biafra    portion of Nigeria, seceded 1967-70

   biannual  half-yearly, but biennial, two-yearly

   bias/, -ed, -ing


   Bib.      Bible

   bib.      biblical

   bibl.     bibliotheca (library)

   Bible     abbr. Bib. (cap., but three bibles = three copies of the Bible).
             See also authorities, quotation marks

   Biblia Pauperum
             medieval "Bible of the poor", in pictures (caps.)

   biblical  (not cap.), abbr. bib.

   bibliograph/er, -ic, -ical, -y;
             abbr. bibliog.

   bibliopeg/y
             bookbinding as a fine art; -ist

   biblio/theca
             (Lat.), a library; -thЉcaire (Fr. m.f.), a librarian; -thЉque
             (Fr. f.), a library

   Bibliothek/
             (Ger. f.), a library; -ar (Ger. m.), a librarian (caps.)

   bicameral with two legislative chambers

   Bickleigh Devon

   Bickley   Cheshire, London, N. Yorks.

   bid       past bade, partic. bidden, but bid is used for both in auction
             sense (I bid њ10 for it; њ10 was bid) and for partic. in some
             phrases, e.g. do as you are bid

   Biedermeier
             Ger. 19th-c.  conventional artistic and literary style

   biennial  two-yearly, but biannual, half-yearly

   bienni/um a two-year period; pl.  -ums

   biens‚ance
             (Fr. f.), propriety

   bienvenu/ (Fr.), fem. -e, welcome; -e (f.), a welcome

   BIF       British Industries Fair

   biff/‚    (Fr.), fem. -‚e, cancelled

   Bigelow (Erastus Brigham)
             1814-79, US inventor and industrialist; -- (John), 1817-1911, US
             journalist and diplomat

   Biglow Papers (The)
             anti-slavery poems 1848 and 1857-61, by James Russell Lowell

   bigot/, -ed


   bijou/    a "gem"; pl. -x

   Bilbao    Spain

   bilberry  not bill-

   bilbo/    Spanish sword or rapier; pl.  -s

   bilboes   pl., fetters

   Bildungsroman
             (Ger. m.), novel of early life

   bile-duct (hyphen)

   bill      (parliamentary) (cap. when part of title)

   billet/, -ed, -ing


   billet-doux
             a love letter; pl.  billets-doux (hyphens)

   billiard/-ball, -cue
             etc., not billiards- (hyphens)

   billion   in Britain, France (since 1948), and Germany, a million
             millions; in USA, and increasingly in British usage, a thousand
             millions; abbr. bn. See also trillion

   Billiton  Indonesia, use Belitung

   bill of/ exchange
             abbr. b.e.; -- -- lading, abbr. b.l; -- -- sale, abbr. b.s.

   biltong   (Afrik.), sun-dried meat

   Biluchi   use Bal-

   BIM       British Institute of Management

   bimetall/ic, -ism, -ist


   bimillenary
             (adj. and noun), (designating) a period of 2,000 years; a
             two-thousandth anniversary

   bi-monthly
             avoid as ambiguous; use (adj. or adv.) semi-monthly or (adv.)
             twice a month, every two months, as appropriate

   bindery   a bookbinder's establishment

   binnacle  (naut.), a compass-stand

   binocle   a field-glass

   binocular/
             (adj.), for two eyes; -s (pl. noun), field- or opera-glasses

   Binstead  IW

   Binsted   Hants, W. Sussex

   Binyon (Laurence)
             1869-1943, English poet

   biochemist/, -ry
             (one word)

   biodegradable
             (one word)

   biograph/er, -ic, -ical, -y;
             abbr.  biog.

   biological nomenclature:
             see Hart's Rules, pp. 6-7

   biolog/y, -ical;
             abbr. biol.

   bio/mathematics, -physics
             (one word)

   Bipont/, -ine
             books printed at Bipontium (ZweibrЃcken), W. Germany

   bird-bath (hyphen)

   bird/cage, -seed
             (one word)

   birds-eye view
             (one Hyphen)

   bird/-song, -table
             (hyphens)

   Birmingham
             abbr. Birm., B'ham; -- Small Arms, BSA

   Birnam    Tayside, immortalized in Shakespeare's Macbeth

   Birstall  Leics., W. Yorks.

   birth certificate
             (two words)

   birth/-control, -rate
             (hyphens)

   birthmark (one word)

   birthplace
             abbr. bpl.

   birthright
             (one word)

   BIS       Bank for International Settlements

   bis       (Fr., It., Lat.), twice, encore

   bis.      bissextile

   Biscayan  abbr. Bisc., pertaining to Biscay, Spain; Basque

   bis dat qui cito dat
             (Lat.), he gives twice who gives quickly

   bise      (Fr. f.), cold N. wind in S.  France

   BISF      British Iron and Steel Federation

   Bishop    abbr. Bp., (chess) B

   Bishopbriggs
             Strathclyde

   Bishop in partibus infidelium
             RC bishop taking title from ancient see situated "in territory
             of unbelievers", now termed "Titular Bishop"

   Bishop Rock
             lighthouse, Scilly Is.

   Bishop's/ Castle
             Shropshire; -- Cleeve, Glos.; -- Frome, Hereford & Worc.; --
             Lydeard, Som. (apos.)

   bishop's signature
             usually consists of Christian name and diocese (John
             Birmingham). For special spellings and punctuation of certain
             signatures refer to individual entries in this book

   Bishop's Stortford
             Herts. (apos.)

   Bishopsteignton
             Devon (one word)

   Bishopston
             Avon, W. Glam.

   Bishopstone
             Bucks., Hereford & Worc., Kent, E. Sussex, Wilts.

   Bishop's Waltham
             Hants (apos.)

   Bishopthorpe
             residence of Abp. of York (one word)

   Bishopton Co. Durham, N. Yorks., Strathclyde

   bisk      use bisque

   Bismarck (Karl Otto Eduard Leopold Furst von)
             1815-98, German statesman, not -ark

   bismillah (Arab.), "in the name of God", not biz-

   bismuth   symbol Bi

   bisque    in tennis, croquet, golf; unglazed white porcelain; rich soup
             (not ital.)

   bissextile
             (noun and adj.), Latin leap year, abbr. bis.

   bistoury  surgeon's scalpel

   bit       (US), 12.5 cents; (comp.)  binary digit (see also byte)

   bitts     (naut., pl.) pair of posts on deck for fastening cables, etc.

   bitumin/ize, -ous


   bivouac/, -ked, -king


   bi-weekly avoid as ambiguous; use (adj. or adv.) semi-weekly or
             fortnightly, (adv.) twice a week or every two weeks, as
             appropriate

   bizarre   (not ital.)

   Bizet (Georges)
             1838-75, French composer

2.11 Bk...
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   Bk        berkelium (no point)

   bk.       bank, book

   bkg.      banking

   bkt., bkts.
             basket, -s

2.12 BL...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BL        Bachelor of Law, ditto Letters, ditto Literature, British
             Leyland, ditto Library

   bl.       bls., bale, -s, barrel, -s

   b.l.      bill of lading

   Black     a Negro (cap.)

   black     (typ.) a space inked in

   Blackburn:
             sig. of Bp. of Blackburn (colon)

   blackcock see black game

   Blackfoot (N. Amer. Indian), pl.  Blackfeet

   Blackfriars
             London

   black game
             (two words), black grouse; male, blackcock (one word), female
             grey-hen (hyphen)

   black letter
             (typ.) general term for Gothic or Old English (q.v) type.  See
             also Fraktur

   blacklist (noun and verb, one work)

   Black Maria
             prison van (two words, caps.)

   Blackmoor Hants

   Blackmore Essex, Shropshire; -- (Richard Doddridge), 1825-1900, English
             writer

   black-out (noun, hyphen)

   black out (verb, two words)

   Blackrock Co. Cork, Cornwall, Co.  Dublin, Gwent, Co. Louth

   Blackrod  Gr. Manchester

   Black Rod abbr. for "Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod"

   Blackshirt/
             a Fascist; -ed (one word)

   blaeberry Sc. and N. Eng. for bilberry

   Blaenau Ffestiniog
             Gwynedd (no hyphen)

   blague/   (Fr. f.), humbug; -ur (m.), hoaxer

   Blairadam Fife (one word)

   Blair Atholl
             Tayside (caps., no hyphen)

   Blairgowrie
             Tayside (one word)

   Blairs College
             Aberdeen (no apos.)

   blameable see -able

   blancmange
             (cook.) (one word, not ital.)

   Bland (Mrs)
             see Nesbit

   blanket/, -ed, -ing


   blanquette
             (Fr. cook. f.), white meat in white sauce

   Blantyre  Strathclyde, Malawi

   blas/‚    bored with enjoyment (not ital.); fem. -‚e

   Blatherwycke
             Northants, not wyck, -wick

   bldg., bldgs.
             building, -s

   bled, bleed
             (typ.) an illustration going to the trimmed edge

   bleed     (bind.), to overcut the margins and mutilate the printing

   blesbok   (Afrik.) an antelope, not -buck

   blind/ blocking
             or -- tooling (bind.), see blocking

   B.Lit.    Bachelor of Literature

   B.Litt.   Baccalaureus Literarum (Bachelor of Letters)

   blitzkrieg
             (Ger.), violent attack; Eng. colloq. blitz

   blk.      (typ.), block, -s

   B LL      Bachelor of Laws

   bloc      (Fr.), combination of nations or parties

   Bloch (Ernest)
             1880-1959, Swiss-American composer

   block     (typ.), letterpress printing plate for an illustration, (brass)
             stamp to impress book-cover

   blocking  (bind.), impressing lettering or a design into the case of book;
             blind --, without foil or colour; gold --, with gold foil

   Block (Maurice)
             1816-1901, French economist

   Blok (Alexander Alexandrovich)
             1880-1921, Russian poet

   blond/    fair-complexioned; light-coloured (of hair); fem. -e (not ital.)

   blood/ bank -- cell, -- count, --
             group (two words)

   blood/-pressure, -supply
             (hyphens)

   blood sport
             (two words)

   bloodstain/, -ed
             (one word)

   bloodstream
             (one word)

   blottesque
             painting with blotted touches (not ital.)

   blow      partic. blown, but blowed in sense "cursed" (well I'm blowed)

   blow-up   (noun), an enlarged picture (hyphen)

   blow up   (verb), to enlarge (two words)

   blowzy    coarse-looking, not blou-, -sy

   Blubberhouses
             N. Yorks. (one word)

   BlЃcher (Gebhard Leberecht von)
             1742-1819, German field marshal

   bluebell  (one word)

   blue book Parliamentary or Privy Council report (two words)

   blueing   not blui-

   blueish   use bluish

   bluejacket
             RN sailor (one word)

   blueprint (one word)

   blue-printing
             a photog. process (hyphen)

   bluestocking
             but Blue Stocking Society

   bluey     bluelike

   bluing    use blueing

   bluish    not blue-

   Blundellsands
             Merseyside (one word)

   blurb     eulogy or r‚sum‚ of book, printed on jacket

   Blut und Eisen
             (Ger.), blood and iron

   Blyth     Northumberland

   Blyth Bridge
             Borders

   Blythebridge
             Staffs.

2.13 BM...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BM        Bachelor of Medicine, ditto Music; Beata Maria (the Blessed
             Virgin), beatae memoriae (of blessed memory); bench-mark;
             British Museum

   BMA       British Medical Association

   BME       Bachelor of Mining Engineering

   B.Met.    Bachelor of Metallurgy

   BMJ       British Medical Journal

   BMR       basal metabolic rate

   B.Mus.    Bachelor of Music

   BMV       Beata Maria Virgo (Blessed Virgin Mary)

2.14 bn....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   bn.       battalion, billion

   B'nai B'rith
             sons of covenant, Jewish fraternity (two apos.)

   BNB       British National Bibliography

   BNC       Brasenose College, Oxford

2.15 BO...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BO        body odour

   b.o.      box-office, branch office, broker's order, brought over, buyer's
             option

   BOA       British Optical Association, -- Olympic Association

   Boabdil   last Moorish king of Granada, 1482-92; d. c.1533

   BOAC      British Overseas Airways Corporation (see BA)

   Boadicea  use Boudicca

   Boanerges sing. or pl., loud preacher(s)

   boarding/-house, -school
             (hyphens)

   Board of Trade
             abbr. B.o.T. or B.  of T., absorbed in Department of Trade and
             Industry, 1970

   boatswain contr. bos'n

   boat-yard (hyphen)

   Bobadil   braggart, from Bobadill in Jonson's Every Man in His Humour

   bobolink  N. American songbird

   bob-white American quail

   Boccaccio (Giovanni)
             1313-75, Italian writer (four cs)

   Boccherini (Luigi)
             1743-1850, Italian composer

   Bodhisattva
             in Buddhism and Hinduism, person able to reach nirvana

   Bodicote  Oxon.

   Bodleian Library
             abbr. Bod. Lib., Bodl., Bodley

   Bodoni (Giambattista)
             1740-1813, Italian printer and punch-cutter; designer of Bodoni
             type

   body      (typ.), the measurement from front to back of the shank of a
             piece of type; in the Anglo-American system 12 pt. = 0.166 in.
             See also Didot

   body-blow (hyphen)

   bodyguard (one word)

   body-weight
             (hyphen)

   Boeotia/  district of cent. Greece; -n, stupid

   Boerhaave (Herman), 1668-1738, Dutch naturalist

   Boethius  (Anicius), AD 470-525, Roman statesman and philosopher

   boeuf     (Fr. m.), beef

   B. of T.  Board of Trade, q.v.

   bogey     in golf

   bogie     wheeled undercarriage

   Bogota    NJ, US

   Bogot     Colombia, S. America

   bog/y     ghost, not -ey pi. -ies

   Bohemian  (noun and adj.), socially unconventional (person); bohemianism
             (not cap.)

   Bohr (Niels Hendrik David)
             1885-1962, and his son -- (Aage), b.  1922, Danish physicists

   Bo‹eldieu (Fran‡ois Adrien)
             1775-1834, French composer

   boiler-room
             (hyphen)

   boiler suit
             (two words)

   boiling-point
             (hyphen), abbr. BP or b.p.

   Bokhara   river, NSW, Australia. See Bukhara for the town in Uzbekistan

   Bokm†l    see Riksm†l

   bold-face type, as this;
             indicated in copy by wavy underline; abbr.  b.f.

   bolero/   Spanish dance, woman's short jacket; pl. -s

   Boleyn (Anne)
             1507-36, 2nd wife of Henry VIII of England

   BolЎvar (Simўn)
             1783-1830, S.  American patriot

   bolivar   Venezuelan monetary unit

   Bolivia/, -n
             abbr. Bol.

   B”ll (Heinrich)
             1917-85, German writer

   Bologna   Italy, in Lat. Bononia; adj. Bolognese, but spaghetti bolognese

   bolometer radiation measurer

   boloney   humbug, not bal-

   Bolshevik advocate of proletarian dictatorship by soviets; member of
             majority group of Russian Social Democratic Party, later the
             Communist Party, opp. to Menshevik

   bolts     (bind.), the three outer edges of a folded sheet before trimming

   Boltzmann constant
             (phys.), symbol k

   bolus/    large pill; pl. -es

   Bombardier
             cap. as title; abbr.  Bdr.

   bombazine a fabric, not -basine, -bazeen, -bycine

   bombe     (Fr. cook. f.), conical confection

   bona/ fide
             (Lat.), genuinely; -- fides, good faith (no accent)

   Bonaparte not Buonaparte, Corsican family

   bona/ peritura
             (Lat.), perishable goods; -- vacantia, unclaimed goods

   bon-bon   a kind of sweet; bon- bonniЉre, a box for sweets

   bon-chr‚tien
             a pear; pl. bons- chr‚tiens

   bond      abbr. bd.

   bondholder
             (one word)

   bond paper
             a hard, strong paper

   Bonduca   use Boudicca

   Bo'ness   Central (apos., being orig.  Borrowstounness). See also Bowness

   Boney     sobriquet of Napoleon. See also bony

   bon/ go–t (Fr. m.), good taste; -- gr‚, mal gr‚, whether one likes or not

   Bonheur (Rosa)
             1822-99, French painter

   bonhomie  (Fr. f.), good nature

   bonhomme  (Fr. m.), a pleasant fellow, a friar

   Bonhomme (Jacques)
             the French peasant

   bonjour   (Fr. m.), good-day (one word)

   bon/ march‚
             (Fr.), a cheap shop, cheap; -- mot, a witticism, pl.  bons mots
             (two words)

   bonne     (Fr. f.), a maid

   bonne bouche
             (Fr.), a dainty morsel, pl. bonnes bouches; bonne/ foi, good
             faith; -- fortune, success, pl. bonnes fortunes; -- grѓce,
             gracefulness, pl. bonnes graces

   bonnet/, -ed, -ing


   bonnet rouge
             (Fr. m.), Republican's cap

   Bononia   Lat. for Bologna, Italy

   bonsai    (Jap.), dwarfed plant

   bonsoir   (Fr. m.), good-evening, good-night (one word)

   bontebok  (Afrik.), pied antelope, not -buck

   bon ton   (Fr. m.), good style

   bon vivant/
             one fond of luxurious food (no hyphen, not ital.); pl.  -s. The
             fem., bonne vivante, is not in French usage

   bon viveur
             one who lives luxuriously (not in French usage)

   bon voyage!
             (Fr.), a pleasant journey!

   bony      not -ey. See also Boney

   Booerhave see Boerhaave

   book/     -s, abbr. bk., bks.

   bookbind/er, -ing
             (one word)

   book-end  (hyphen)

   bookkeep/er, -ing
             (one word)

   booklet   (typ.), usually an inset, saddle-stitched piece of printing,
             with limp cover

   bookmak/er, -ing
             (one word)

   bookmark(er)
             (one word)

   book-plate
             (hyphen)

   books (cited titles of)
             in italic; but series titles roman

   book/seller, -stall
             (one word)

   Booksellers Association
             abbr. BA

   book sizes
             (typ.): the following are the standard untrimmed book sizes in
             mm., 4to and 8vo: metric crown, 252 x 192, 192 x 126; metric
             large crown, 264 x 204, 204 x 132; metric demy, 282 x 222, 222 x
             141; metric royal, 318 x 240, 240 x 159; A4, 303 x 213; A5, 216
             x 151. For the former sizes see crown, demy, foolscap, imperial,
             medium, pott, royal, small royal

   books of Scripture
             (typ.), not to be italic, nor quoted; for abbrs. see separate
             titles

   book trim (bind.): standard trim is 3 mm. off head, foredge, and tail
             margins

   bookwork  (one word)

   Boole/ (George)
             1815-64, English logician and mathematician; adj.  -an

   Boone (Daniel)
             1735-1820, American explorer and colonizer

   Bo”tes    (astr.), the constellation

   booze     (to) drink, not -se, house, bowze

   Bophuthatswana
             S. Africa, indep.  1977

   bor.      borough

   Borak (Al)
             the winged horse on which Muhammad, in a vision, ascended to
             heaven

   Bordeaux  d‚p. Gironde, France; a claret or any wine of Bordeaux

   Bordeaux mixture
             of lime and copper sulphate, to kill fungus and insect parasites
             on plants

   border    (typ.), an ornament

   bordereau a memorandum, docket

   borderland
             (one word)

   Borders   region of Scotland

   Boreas    (Gr. myth.), god of the north wind

   Borehamwood
             Herts.

   Borghese  Italian family

   Borgia (Cesare)
             1476-1507; -- (Lucrezia), 1480-1519

   born/     of child, with reference to birth, abbr. b.; -e, carried, also
             of birth when 'by' (with name of mother) follows

   born/‚    (Fr.),fem. -‚e, narrow-minded

   Borodin (Alexander Porfiryevich)
             1834-87, Russian composer and chemist

   boron     symbol B

   borough   abbr. bor.

   Borstal   institution for reformative training (cap.)

   bortsch   Russian soup

   borzoi/   Russian wolfhound; pl. -s

   bosbok    Afrik. for bushbuck

   Bosch (Hieronymus)
             ?1450-1516, Dutch painter

   bos'n     contr. of boatswain

   Bosporus  strait separating European and Asian Turkey, not Bosph-

   Bossuet (Jacques Benigne)
             1627-1704, French bishop and writer

   Boswellize
             to write laudatory biography (cap.)

   B.o.T.    Board of Trade, q.v.

   bot/      not -tt; -fly (hyphen)

   botanize  not -ise

   botan/y, -ical, -ist
             abbr. bot.; genera, species, and varieties to be ital.; all
             other divisions roman: Rosales (order); Rosaceae (family); Rosa
             (genus); Rosa moschata (species); Rosa moschata var. nastarana
             (variety); Rosa moschata cv. Plena (cultivar).  Specific and
             infraspecific epithets, even when derived from names of persons,
             should be l.c.:  Lilium wardii, Camellia x williamsii, not
             Wardii, Williamsii.  Also l.c. are names of flowers used
             non-technically, as geranium, lobelia. See Hart's Rules, pp. 6-7

   bothy     (Sc.), hut, not -ie

   bo-tree   sacred tree of India

   Botswana  S. African independent republic 1966, formerly Bechuanaland

   Botticelli (Sandro)
             1447-1515, Florentine painter

   Boucicault (Dion)
             1822-90, Irish playwright

   Boudicca  d. AD 61, Queen of Iceni

   boudoir   (not ital.)

   bouffant  puffed out, as a dress (not ital.)

   bougainvillaea
             trop. plant with rosy bracts

   Bouguereau (William Adolphe)
             1825-1905, French painter

   bouillabaisse
             thick fish soup (not ital.)

   bouilli   (Fr. m.), stewed meat (not ital.)

   bouillon  broth (not ital.)

   boul.     boulevard

   boule     a French game akin to bowls (not ital.)

   boule     (inlay), usually spelt buhl, q.v.

   Boule     legislative council in ancient Greek city-state

   boulevard/
             (Fr. m.), abbr. boul.; -ier, a "man about town"

   boulevers/‚
             (Fr.), overturned; -ement (m.), a violent inversion

   Boulez    (Pierre), b. 1925, French composer

   Boulogne  d‚ps. Haute-Garonne and Pas-de-Calais, France

   bounceable
             not -cable

   bouncy    not bouncey

   bound     abbr. bd.

   bouquetin the ibex

   bouquinist
             second-hand bookseller:  in Fr. m. bouquiniste

   bourgeois/
             (Fr.), fem. -e, one of the middle class; -ie, the middle class
             (not ital.)

   bourgeois (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 9 pt.; pron.
             berjoyce (stress on second syllable)

   Bourn     Cambs.

   bourn     stream, (arch.) a limit, not -ne

   Bourne    Lincs.

   Bournemouth
             Dorset

   Bournville
             Birmingham

   bourr‚e   (Fr.), old lively dance, music for this (not ital.)

   bourse    foreign money-market, esp.  Paris

   bouse     (naut.), to haul, not -wse.  See also booze

   boustrophedon
             written from left to right and right to left on alternate lines,
             esp. in Gr.  inscriptions

   boutique  small shop (often within a shop) for individual clothes and
             accessories

   boutonniЉre
             (Fr. f.), a buttonhole

   bouts-rim‚s
             rhymed endings

   Bouvet I. (Norw.), Antarctic Ocean

   bowdlerize
             to expurgate, from Dr T.  Bowdler (not cap.)

   bowled    (cricket), abbr. b.

   Bowness   Cumbria. See also Bo'ness

   Boxing Day
             first weekday after Christmas Day (caps.)

   box number
             (two words)

   box-office
             (hyphen), abbr. b.o.

   boycott   to exclude from society or business, from Capt. Boycott (not
             cap.)

   Boy Scout now Scout

2.16 BP...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BP        British Petroleum, -- Pharmacopoeia; boiling-point

   BP        before present (s. caps.), year to precede

   Bp.       Bishop

   b.p.      below proof, bills payable, blood-pressure, boiling-point

   BPC       British Pharmaceutical Codex

   B.Phil.   Bachelor of Philosophy

   b.p.i.    (comp.), bits (see bit) per inch

   BPIF      British Printing Industries Federation

   bpl.      birthplace

2.17 Bq
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Bq        becquerel

2.18 BR...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BR        British Rail (formerly Railways)

   Br        bromine (no point)

   Br.       British, Brother (monastic title)

   bra       colloq. for brassiЉre (no point)

   "Braban‡onne (La)"
             Belgian national anthem

   brace     (typ.), see punctuation XIV

   bracket/,-ed,-ing


   brackets  (typ.), square [], angle; not the parentheses or round form ().
             See punctuation XI

   Bradford: sig. of Bp. of Bradford (colon)

   Braggadochio
             in Spenser's Faerie Queene

   braggadocio
             empty boasting (not ital.)

   Brahe (Tycho)
             1546-1601, Danish astronomer

   Brahma    supreme Hindu god (not ital.)

   brahma, brahmaputra
             Asian domestic fowl (not cap.)

   Brahmaputra
             Indian river

   brahmin/  member of Hindu priestly caste; pl. -s; adj. -ical

   Brahmoism reformed theistic Hinduism

   brail     to haul up

   Braille   signs composed of raised dots replacing letters, for the blind

   Braine (John)
             1922-86, English novelist

   braise    (cook.), not -ze. See also braze

   brake/    for wheel, a large vehicle, etc., not break; -- horsepower (two
             words)

   Br. Am.   British America

   Bramah (Ernest)
             1867-1942, English writer; -- (Joseph), 1749-1814, English
             inventor of -- lock etc.

   brand-new not bran-

   Brandt (Willy)
             b. 1913, German statesman, Chancellor of W. Germany 1969-74

   Brandywine
             battle, 1777, of American War of Independence

   brant-goose
             use brent-

   Brant“me (Pierre de Bourdeille, Seigneur de)
             1540-1614, French writer

   Brasilia  new cap. of Brazil, 1960

   brass/ (binder's)
             die for blocking book-cases, pl. -es; -- rule (typ.), for
             printing simple borders or lines between columns of type

   brassard  badge worn on arm

   brasserie beer garden, licensed restaurant; brasserie (Fr. f.), also
             brewery

   brassie   golf-club with brass sole, not -y

   brassiЉre woman's undergarment supporting breasts. See also bra

   bratticing
             (archit.) open carved work; (coal-mining) wooden shaft-lining or
             screen

   Brauneberger
             a white wine

   Braunschweig
             Ger. for Brunswick

   brav/a!   (It.), "well done!" to a woman; -o! to a man; brav/o (noun), a
             cry of "well done!"; pl. -os

   bravo/    a desperado; pl. -es

   braze     to solder, not -ise, -ize.  See also braise

   brazier   worker in brass, pan for holding lighted coal, not -sier

   Brazil/, -ian
             abbr. Braz.

   Brazzaville
             cap. of Congo, q.v., Cent. Africa

   BRCS      British Red Cross Society

   BRD       (Ger.), Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany

   bread/board, -crumb
             (one word)

   break/    (typ.), the division into a fresh paragraph; ---line, last one
             of a paragraph: never to begin page, and should have more than
             five letters, except in narrow measures. See also brake

   breakdown (noun), a collapse, analysis of statistics (one word)

   Breakspear (Nicholas)
             Pope Adrian IV from 1154 to 1159, not -eare

   breakthrough
             (noun, one word)

   breakup   (noun, one word)

   breathalyser
             device for testing amount of alcohol in the breath, not -iser,
             -izer; breathalyse, to carry out test

   breathings
             see accents

   breccia   rock composed of angular fragments, not -cchia

   Brechin   Tayside

   Brecht (Bertolt not -th-, -d)
             1898-1956, German playwright

   Brecon    Powys

   breech birth
             (two words)

   breeches-buoy
             life-saving apparatus (hyphen)

   Bren gun  light machine-gun (two words)

   brent-goose
             not bra-

   Brescia   Lombardy, Italy

   Breslau   Ger. for Wroclaw (Poland)

   Bretagne  Fr. for Brittany; Grande --, Great Britain

   Breton    (inhabitant) of Brittany, abbr. Bret.

   Bretton Woods
             New Hampshire, US (UN Monetary Conf., 1944)

   Breughel  use Brueghel or Bruegel, q.v.

   brev.     brevet, -ed

   breve     a curved mark to indicate a short vowel or syllable

   brevet d'invention
             (Fr. m.), a patent

   brevet‚ s.g.d.g.
             (Fr.), patented without government guarantee (sans garantie du
             gouvernement)

   breviary  book containing RC daily service

   brevier   (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 8 pt.; pron.
             breveer (stress on second syllable)

   briar     use -er

   Briarean  many-handed, like Briareus, of Gr. myth., not -ian

   bribable  not -eable

   bric-…-brac
             curiosities in furniture and furnishings (hyphens, accent)

   brick/bat, -work
             (one word)

   Bridge End
             Cumbria, Devon, Lincs., Shetland

   Bridgend  Cornwall, Cumbria (near Patterdale), Donegal, Glos., Lothian,
             Mid Glam., Strathclyde, Tayside

   Bridge of Allan
             Central

   Bridgeport
             Ala., Calif., Conn., Nebr., Penn., Tex. (US)

   Bridges Creek
             Va. (US), bpl. of George Washington

   Bridges (Robert Seymour)
             1844-1930, English poet, Poet Laureate 1913-30

   Bridgeton Glasgow; New Jersey, US

   Bridgetown
             Corn., Som., Staffs., Co. Wexford, Barbados, NS (Canada), W.
             Austral.

   Bridgewater
             NS (Canada); -- (Duke of), 1736-1803, projector of the -- Canal;
             -- (Earl of), 1756-1829, founder of the -- Treatises

   Bridgnorth
             Shropshire

   Bridgwater
             Somerset, not Bridge-

   bridle/-path, -road, -way
             (hyphens)

   brier/, -root, -rose
             (hyphens), not briar, brere

   Brig.     brigad/e, -ier

   Brillat-Savarin (Anthelme)
             1755-1826, French gastronomist

   brilliant (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 3.5 pt.

   bring up  (typ.), to underlay or interlay a block to bring it to printing
             height

   Bri-Nylon propr. term (caps., hyphen)

   brio      (mus.), fire, life, vigour

   briquette block of compressed coal-dust, not -et

   brisling  Norwegian sprat, not brist-

   Bristol:  sig. of Bp. of Bristol (colon)

   Bristol-board
             cardboard used by artists

   Brit.     Britain, Britann/ia, -icus, -ica, British

   Briticism idiom current in Britain, not Britishism

   British/  abbr. Brit.; -- Academy, Association, BA; -- America, Br.  Am.;
             -- Columbia, BC; -- Honduras, now Belize; -- Library, BL; --
             Museum, BM; -- Rail, BR; -- Standard, BS (see BSI)

   britschka use britzka

   Britt.    (on coins), Britanniarum, "of the Britains" (Roman Britannia
             Inferior and Britannia Superior)

   Brittany  in Fr. Bretagne

   Britten (Edward Benjamin, Baron)
             OM, CH, 1913-76, British composer

   britzka   acceptable form for bryczka, q.v.

   Bro.      Brother (monastic title)

   bro., bros.
             brother, -s

   Broad-Churchman
             (caps., hyphen)

   Broad Haven
             Dyfed, Mayo

   Broad Oak Cumbria, Dorset, Hereford & Worc., E. Sussex

   Broadoak  Cornwall, Dorset, Glos., Kent, Shropshire

   Brobdingnag
             land of giants in Swift's Gulliver's Travels

   broccoli  a hardy cauliflower, It.  pl., but Eng. sing. or pl.

   Broderers livery company

   Bromberg  Ger. for Bydgoszcz

   bromine   symbol Br

   bronch/i  pl., the main forks of the windpipe (sing. -us); -ia, pl.,
             ramifications of the above; -ioles, their minute branches

   bronco/   Mexican horse, not -cho; pl. -s

   Bront‰ (Anne)
             1820-49 ("Acton Bell"); -- (Charlotte), 1816-55 ("Currer Bell");
             -- (Emily), 1818-48 ("Ellis Bell"), English writers

   Bronx (the)
             borough in New York City

   bronzing  (typ.), printing in yellow and then dusting with bronze powder
             to imitate gold

   brooch    a dress-fastening, not -ach

   Brooke    Leics., Norfolk; -- (Baron); -- (Rupert), 1887-1915, English
             poet

   Brookline Mass., US

   Brooklyn  New York

   Brooks's Club
             London, not -es's

   broomstick
             (one word)

   Brother   (monastic title), abbr. Bro.

   brother/  abbr. b. or bro., pl. -s, brethren, abbr. bros.; ---german,
             having same parents; -- -in-law, pl. brothers-in-law;
             ---uterine, having same mother only (hyphens)

   brougham  one-horse or electric closed carriage (not cap.)

   brouhaha  (Fr. m.), a commotion

   Brown (Ford Madox)
             1821-93, English painter; -- (John), 1800-59, US abolitionist;
             -- (Robert), 1773-1858, Scottish botanist

   Browne (Charles Farrar)
             see Ward; -- (Hablot Knight), 1815-82, English artist, pseud.
             Phiz, illustrated Dickens; -- (Sir Thomas), 1605-82, English
             physician and author

   Brownian motion
             of particles (observed by Robert Brown)

   Brownie   junior Guide

   brownie   Sc. house-spirit

   browse    to eat, read desultorily, not -ze

   BRS       British Road Services

   Bruckner (Anton)
             1824-96, Austrian composer

   Bruegel (Pieter)
             c.1520-69, Flemish painter; Brueghel (Pieter, 1564-1638, and
             Jan, 1568-1625), his sons, also painters; not Breu-

   Bruges    Belgium, in Fl. Brugge

   Brummagem abbr. Brum, derog. form of Birmingham; (adj.) tawdry

   Brummell (George Bryan, "Beau")
             1778-1840

   Brunei    NW Borneo

   Brunel (Marc Isambard)
             1769-1849, and -- (Isambard Kingdom), 1806-59, his son, British
             engineers; -- University, Uxbridge, 1966

   Brunelleschi (Filippo)
             1377-1446, Italian architect and sculptor

   Brunhild  (Norse myth.)

   BrЃnnhilde
             Wagnerian heroine

   Brunonian noun, an alumnus of Brown University, US; adj., of the system of
             medicine of Dr John Brown of Edinburgh, 1736-88

   Brunswick normal Eng. for Braunschweig, Germany

   Brussels  cap. of Belgium, in Fl.  Brussel, in Fr. Bruxelles

   Brussels sprouts
             (cap., no apos.)

   brut      (Fr.), unsweetened

   brutalize not -ise

   Bruxelles Fr. for Brussels

   bryczka   a Polish carriage (the Polish spelling; for Eng. form use
             britzka)

   Bryn Mawr College
             Philadelphia, US

   Brynmawr  Gwent

   bryology  study of mosses; abbr.  bryol.

   Brython   Welsh for Briton, a S.  British Celt

   Brythonic (language) of S. British Celts

2.19 BS...
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   BS        Bachelor of Surgery or (US) Science; Blessed Sacrament; British
             Standard

   b.s.      balance sheet, bill of sale

   BSA       Birmingham Small Arms, British School at Athens

   B.Sc.     Bachelor of Science; B.Sc.(Econ.), ditto in faculty of
             Economics; B.Sc.(Eng.), ditto Engineering, Glas.; B.Sc.Tech.,
             Bachelor of Technical Science

   b.s.g.d.g.
             see brevet‚

   BSI       British Standards Institution.  A complete list of British
             Standards is in BS Yearbook.  Standards in fields relevant to
             this dictionary are BS 1219 (Proof correction), BS 1629
             (Bibliographical references), BS 1749 (Alphabetical
             arrangement), BS 1991, Part I (Letter symbols, signs,
             abbreviations), BS 2961 (Typeface nomenclature), BS 2979
             (Transliteration of Cyrillic and Greek characters), BS 3700
             (Index preparation), BS 3763 (SI units), BS 3814 (Glossary of
             rotary press terms), BS 3862 (Symbols for languages,
             geographical areas, and authorities), BS 4148 (Abbreviation of
             periodical titles), BS 4149 (Glossary of paper and ink terms),
             BS 4277 (Terms used in offset lithography), BS 4280
             (Transliteration of Arabic), BS 4812 (Romanization of Japanese),
             BS 5261 (Proof correction and copy preparation), BS 5775
             (Quantities, units and symbols)

   BSJA      British Show Jumping Association

   BSR       British School at Rome

   BST       British Summer Time (before 1968 and from 1972); -- Standard
             Time (1968-71) (both 1 hr. ahead of GMT)

2.20 Bt....
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   Bt.       Baronet, not Bart.

   BTA       British Tourist Authority

   B.Th.     Bachelor of Theology

   BTU       (or B.Th.U.) British Thermal Unit

   bty.      battery

2.21 BU...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   BU        Brown University, Rhode Island, US; Baptist Union

   bu.       bushel(s)

   buccaneer piratical adventurer esp.  in seventeenth century, not -ier

   Buccleuch (Duke of)
             not -gh

   Bucellas  white wine from B., near Lisbon

   Buch      (Ger. n.), book; pl. BЃcher

   Bucharest Romania, not Buka-

   Buchausgabe
             (Ger. f.), edition of a book

   Buckinghamshire
             abbr. Bucks.

   Bucknall  Lincs., Staffs.

   Bucknell  Oxon., Shropshire; also American university at Lewisburg, Pa.

   buckram   coarse fabric, (bind.) a good quality cloth

   Budapest  Hungary, not -pesth (one word). Collective name for two towns,
             Buda and Pest

   Buddha    (Skt.), Gautama Siddhartha, d. c.483 BC

   Buddh/ism, -ist;
             if necessary divide at stroke; abbr. Budd.

   budgerigar
             a parakeet

   budget/, -ed, -ing


   buen/as noches
             (Sp.), good-night; -as tardes, good-afternoon; -os dias,
             good-day, good-morning

   Buenos/ Aires
             cap. of Argentine Rep.; also in Panama. Use -- Ayres in titles
             of Arg. railway companies

   buffalo/  pl. -es

   buffer state
             (two words)

   buffet/ -ed, -ing


   Buffon (Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de)
             1707-88, French naturalist

   buhl      (inlaid with) brass, tortoiseshell, etc., German form of boule,
             from Boule (Andre), cabinet-maker to Louis XIV

   building  abbr. bldg., pl. bldgs.

   BUJ       (Baccalaureus utriusque juris), Bachelor of Canon and Civil Law

   Bukarest  use Buch-

   Bukhara   town, Uzbekistan, USSR, not Bo-. See also Bokhara

   buksheesh use bak-

   bulbul    (Pers.), Asian song-thrush; singer or poet

   Bulgaria/, -n
             abbr. Bulg.

   bull      (Stock Exchange), speculator for a rise

   bulletin  (not ital.); abbr. bull.

   bullfight/, -er, -ing
             (one word)

   bullring  (one word)

   bull's-eye
             centre of target, lantern, peppermint sweetmeat (apos. and
             hyphen)

   bull-terrier
             (hyphen)

   bulrush   not bull-

   bulwark   defence, not bull-, -work

   Bulwer-Lytton (Edward George Earle Lytton)
             first Lord Lytton, 1803-73, English novelist

   Bulwer-Lytton (Edward Robert)
             first Earl of Lytton, 1831-91,son of above, English poet and
             diplomat, pseud. Owen Meredith

   bumf      papers

   bumkin    (naut.), projection from bows or stern of ship

   bumpkin   yokel

   bump out  (typ.), increase word or letter spacing to fill a line, or line
             spacing to fill a page

   buncombe  use bunkum

   Bundesanstalt
             German off.  institution since 1945. See Reichsanstalt

   Bundesrat, Bundestag
             (Ger.), upper and lower houses of W. German Parliament

   bundle/, -s
             abbr. bdl/., -s.

   Bunker Hill
             Mass., battle of American War of Independence, 1775, actually
             fought at neighbouring Breed's Hill, not -er's

   bunkum    not -combe

   Bu¤uel (Luis)
             1900-83, Spanish-born film director

   Buonaparte
             use Bona-

   buona sera
             (It.), good-evening; buon giorno, good-day

   buoyan/t, -cy


   BUPA      British United Provident Association

   bur       clinging seed-vessel or catkin.  See also burr

   Burckhardt (Jacob Christoph)
             1818-97, Swiss historian

   Burdett-Coutts (Angela Georgina, Baroness)
             1814-1906, English philanthropist

   bureau/   pl. -x (not ital.); -cracy, -crat, adj. -cratic

   Bureau Veritas
             maritime underwriters' association at Brussels (two caps.)

   burg.     burgess, burgomaster

   burgamot  use ber-

   burgeois  see bourgeois (typ.)

   burgess   abbr. burg.

   burgh     (Sc.), a chartered town, not borough

   burgomaster
             (one word); abbr. burg.

   burgrave  a governor, not burgg-

   burgundy  a wine (not cap.)

   burial/ ground, -- place, -- service
             (two words, no caps.)

   burl      a lump in cloth

   burl.     burlesque

   Burlington House
             London, headquarters of Royal Academy, British Association, and
             other artistic and learned bodies

   Burm/a    not -ah; -an, native of Burma, pl. -ans; -ese, native or
             language of Burma

   Burmah Oil Co.
             not Burma

   Burne-Jones (Sir Edward Coley)
             1833-98, English painter (hyphen)

   Burnett (Frances Eliza Hodgson)
             1849-1924, US writer

   Burnham scale
             of teachers' salaries

   burnous   Arab cloak, not -e, bernouse

   Burntisland
             Fife (one word)

   burnt sienna
             orange-red pigment, not -- siena

   burr      a rough edge, rough sounding of letter r; kind of limestone. See
             also bur

   burro     (Sp.), donkey

   Burroughs (Edgar Rice)
             1875-1950, US novelist; -- (John), 1837-1921, US naturalist and
             poet; -- (William), b. 1914, US novelist

   bursar    treasurer of a college, not -er

   Burundi   Cent. Africa, indep. 1962

   Bury St Edmunds
             Suffolk (no apos., no hyphen)

   bus/      omnibus, not 'bus, pl. -es; as verb, past -ed, partic. -ing

   bushbuck  (S. Afr.), antelope, in Afrik. bosbok

   bushel    36.4 litres; in US 35.3; abbr. bu. (sing. and pl.)

   Bushey    Herts., not -hy

   bushido   code of the samurai or Japanese mil. caste

   Bushire   Iran

   Bushy Park
             London

   businesslike
             (one word)

   business/man, -woman
             (one word)

   busing    see bus

   busybody  not busi-

   busyness  state of being busy, distinct from business

   Butler (Samuel)
             1612-80, English poet (Hudibras) -- (--), 1835-1902, English
             writer (Erewhon)

   Butte     Montana, US

   butter-fingers
             (hyphen)

   buttermilk
             (one word)

   buttonhole
             (one word)

   buyer's option
             abbr. b.o.

   Buys Ballot (Christoph Hendrik Didericus)
             1817-90, Dutch meteorologist

2.22 BV...
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   BV        Beata Virgo (the Blessed Virgin) (points) pseudonym of James
             Thomson, q.v.

   BVM       Beata Virgo Maria, the Blessed Virgin Mary

2.23 BWI...
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   BWI       British West Indies, now WI

   BWV       Bach Werke Verzeichnis, prefix to enumeration of J. S. Bach's
             compositions

2.24 by...
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   by-       (as prefix) is tending to form one word with the following noun,
             but a hyphen is still frequently found, as in ten cases given
             below

   by and by (no hyphens)

   by-blow   side-blow, bastard (hyphen)

   Bydgoszcz Poland, in Ger. Bromberg

   bye/, -s  (cricket), abbr. b.

   bye-bye   familiar form of good-bye (hyphens)

   by-election, by-form
             (hyphens)

   Byelorussia
             use Be-

   bygone    (one word)

   by-lane   (hyphen)

   by-law    not bye-

   byline    in football (one word)

   byname    a sobriquet (one word)

   bypass    (one word)

   bypath    (one word)

   by-play   (hyphen)

   by-plot, by-product
             not bye-

   by-road   (hyphen)

   bystander (one word)

   by-street (hyphen); but Masefield's The Widow in the Bye Street

   byte      (comp.), group of 8 bits (see bit)

   by the by (no hyphens)

   byway     (one word)

   byword    (one word)

   byzant    use be-

2.25 bzw.
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   bzw.      (Ger.), beziehungsweise (respectively)

3.0 C
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3.1 C...
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   C         carbon, (elec.) coulomb, centum (a hundred), Celsius or
             centigrade, (mus.) common time, the third in a series

   C.        Cape, Catholic, century, chairman, chief, Church, Command paper
             (q.v.), congress(ional), Conservative, consul, contralto,
             Council, counter-tenor, Court, Gaius

   °         copyright

   c         (as prefix), centi-

   c.        cent, -s, centime, century, chapter, city, colt, conductor,
             constable, copeck, cubic, (cricket) caught, (meteorol.) cloudy

   C         (ital. cap.), symbol for capacitance

   c.        circa, about

   C inverted
             Capital C, facing backwards, 500

3.2 CA...
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   CA        California (off. postal abbr.), Central Africa, Central America,
             M.  Inst. Chartered Accountants of Scotland, Chief Accountant,
             chronological age, Civil Aviation, College of Arms, commercial
             agent, Consumers' Association, Controller of Accounts, Court of
             Appeal

   C/A       capital account, commercial account, credit account, current
             account

   Ca        calcium (no point)

   ca.       (law) cases

   ca.       abbr. of circa, use c.

   CAA       Civil Aviation Authority

   Caaba     use Kaaba

   caaing-whale
             use ca'ing-whale

   CAB       Citizens' Advice Bureau, (US) Civil Aeronautics Board

   cabal     secret faction

   caballero/
             Spanish gentleman, pl.  -s

   cabbala   Heb. tradition, not k-, cabala, -alla

   Cabell (James Branch)
             1879-1958, US novelist

   Cable (George Washington)
             1844-1925, US writer

   Cabul     use Kabul

   CAC       Central Advisory Committee

   ca'canny  (Sc.), go carefully!

   cacao/    trop. American tree from whose seeds cocoa and chocolate are
             made; -tree (hyphen). See coco

   cachemere, -mire
             use cashmere

   cachet    distinctive mark, capsule containing medicine

   cachou    lozenge to sweeten breath, not cashew

   cachucha  Spanish dance

   caciqu/e  W. Indian and S. American chief, political boss; -ism; not caz-

   cacodemon an evil spirit, not -daemon

   cacoethes/
             (Lat. fr. Gr.), an evil habit; -- loquendi, an itch for
             speaking; -- scribendi, ditto for writing

   CACTM     Central Advisory Council for the Ministry, now ACCM

   cact/us   (bot.), pl. -i

   c.-…-d.   (Fr.), c'est-…-dire (that is to say)

   caddie    golf-attendant

   caddis-fly, -worm
             not -ice (hyphens)

   caddy     tea-box

   cadi      Muslim judge, not k-

   Cadmean/  of Cadmus of Thebes, not -ian; -- victory, a ruinous one

   cadmium   symbol Cd

   cadre     nucleus of personnel (not ital.)

   caduce/us the wand of Hermes; pl.  -i

   caducous  (bot.), tending to fall

   Caedmon   d. 670, English poet, not Ce-

   Caenozoic use Cai-

   Caermarthen
             use Car-

   Caernarfon
             Gwynedd, not Car-, -von

   Caerphilly
             Mid Glam., also the cheese

   caerulean use ce-

   Caesar/, -ean
             not Ces-, -ian

   Caesarea Philippi
             in ancient Palestine

   caesium   symbol Cs

   caesura   division of a metrical line, not ce-

   caf‚      (Fr. m.), coffee-house (not ital.)

   caf‚/ au lait
             (Fr. m.), coffee with milk; -- noir, strong coffee without milk

   Caffre    use Kaffir or Kafir, qq.v.

   caftan    long-sleeved Turkish or Persian garment, not k-

   cag/ey    shrewd, not -gy; adv. -ily, noun -eyness

   cagoule   waterproof outer garment, not ka-

   cahier    (Fr. m.), a paper book, sheets of MS, exercise-book

   Caiaphas  Jewish high priest, Luke 3: 2

   caiman    use cay-

   Cainan    grandson of Seth. See also Canaan

   Caine (Sir Thomas Henry Hall)
             1853-1931, Manx novelist

   ca'ing-whale
             round-headed porpoise, not caa-

   Cainozoic (geol.), not Caeno-, Ceno-, Kaino- (cap.)

   caique    Bosporan skiff, Levantine sailing ship

   "Ђa ira"  "It will be!", French revolutionary song

   Caius     Roman praenomen, use Gaius

   Caius     (properly Gonville and Caius) College, Cambridge, pron. as keys;
             abbr. Cai., or CC

   cajole/   persuade by flattery; noun -ry (one l)

   caky      not -ey

   Cal.      (California), use Calif.

   cal       calorie (no point)

   cal.      calendar

   cal.      (mus.), calando

   calamanco/
             a woollen stuff, pl. -es

   calamary  the squid

   calando   (mus.), volume and rate diminished; abbr. cal.

   calcareous
             chalky, not -ious

   calcedony use chal-

   calceolaria
             slipper-like flower, not calci-

   calcium   symbol Ca

   calculator
             not -er

   calcul/us stony concretion in the body, pl. -i, adj. -ous; a system of
             computation, pl. -uses, adj. -ar

   Calderўn de la Barca (Pedro)
             1600-81, Spanish playwright

   caldron   use caul-

   calecannon
             use colcannon

   calendae  calends, use k-

   calendar  an almanac, not k-; abbr.  cal.

   calend/er to make smooth (cloth, paper, etc.); a machine that does this;
             -erer, one who does this, not k-

   calender  (Pers., Turk.), a dervish, not k-

   calends   the first day of a Roman month; the Greek --, a time that never
             comes; not k-

   calf/     abbr. cf.; -leather, -love (hyphens)

   calfskin  (one word)

   Caliban/  in Shakespeare's The Tempest; "-- upon Setebos", by R.
             Browning, 1864

   Caliburn  King Arthur's sword, not Cala-, Cale-; cf. Excalibur

   calico/   pl. -es

   California
             off. abbr. Calif. or (postal) CA

   californium
             symbol Cf

   caligraphy
             use calli-

   calipers  use callipers

   caliph/   Muslim chief civil and religious ruler; -ate; not ka-, kha-, -if

   calisthenics
             use call-

   cal/ix    (physiol. and biol.), cuplike cavity or organ; pl. -ices

   calk      use caulk

   Callaghan (Leonard James)
             b. 1912, British statesman, Prime Minister 1976-9

   Callander Central

   called    abbr. cld.

   calligraphy
             not cali-

   Calliope  (Gr.), muse of eloquence and epic poetry; calliope, steam-organ
             on roundabout

   calliper  metal leg-support, (pl.)  compasses for measuring inside or
             outside diameters of objects, not cali-

   Callirrhoe
             wife of Alcmaeon

   callisthenics
             gymnastic exercises, not cali-

   call/us   thick skin; pl. -uses; adj.  -ous

   Calmann-L‚vy
             publishers, Paris

   calmia, Calmuck
             use k-, K-

   Calor gas propr. term (cap., two words)

   calori/e  unit of heat or energy (not now in scientific use), abbr.  cal;
             -meter, measurer of heat; -motor, voltaic battery (one word)

   calotte   skull-cap (RC clergy)

   Caltech   California Institute of Technology

   caltrop   (mil.), horse-maiming iron ball with spikes, not -throp, -trap

   calumniator
             not -er

   Calv‚ (Emma)
             1866-1942, French operatic soprano

   Calverleigh
             Devon

   Calverley Kent, W. Yorks.; -- (Charles Stuart), 1831-84, English writer

   calves-foot jelly
             not -f's, -ves', -feet

   cal/x     residue from burning; pl.  -ces

   Calypso   sea-nymph in the Odyssey; calyps/o, W. Indian Negro song, usu.
             about current affairs, pl. -os

   caly/x    (bot.), whorl of leaves forming outer case of bud; pl. -ces

   camaraderie
             good-fellowship

   Camargue (the)
             S. France

   Camb.     Cambridge

   Cambodia  Indo-China, sovereign state 1953, not Kam-, boj-, -oja; in Fr.
             Cambodge; officially Kampuchea (Democratic)

   cambric   fine white linens

   Cambridge/
             abbr. Camb. or Cantab.; -- University, CU; -- University Press,
             CUP

   Cambridgeshire
             abbr. Cambs.

   camellia  flowering shrub, not -elia

   camelopard
             giraffe

   Camembert a French cheese

   cameo/    striated stone carved in relief; pl. -s. See also intaglio

   camera/   pl. -s; -- obscura, not -- oscura; ---ready copy (typ.), abbr.
             CRC

   Camera Stellata
             the Star Chamber

   Cameroon/ (United Republic of)
             Cent. Africa, indep. 1960; adj.  -ian

   Cammaerts (Emile)
             1878-1953, Belgian poet

   Camoens (Luis Vaz de)
             1524-80, Portuguese poet, not Cam”-

   camomile  medicinal plant, not cha-

   Camorra   Neapolitan secret society, practising violence and extortion.
             See also Mafia

   Campagna di Roma
             the plain round Rome

   campanile/
             bell-tower, usu.  detached; pl. -s

   camp/-bed, -chair, -fire
             (hyphens)

   Campbell-Bannerman (Sir Henry)
             1836-1908, British statesman, Prime Minister 1905-8 (hyphen)

   Campbeltown
             Strathclyde

   Campeche Bay, City
             or State, Mexico, not -peachy

   camp/o    (It.), open ground, pl. -i; campo santo (It., Sp.), a cemetery

   campsite  (one word)

   Campus Martius
             field of Mars, anc.  Rome

   Can.      Canad/a, -ian, Cantoris

   can.      canon, canto

   Canaan    son of Ham. See also Cainan

   Canad/a, -ian
             abbr. Can.

   Canadian River
             Okla., US

   canaille  (Fr. f.), the rabble

   canaker   use kanaka

   Canaletto (Giovanni Antonio real surname Canal)
             1697-1768, Italian painter; also used by his nephew Bernardo
             Bellotto, 1720-80, Italian painter

   canalize  not -ise

   canap‚/   caviare, anchovies, etc., on fried bread or toast; pl. -s

   Canar/a, -ese
             use K-

   canard    (Fr. m.), an absurd story, a duck; canard sauvage, wild duck

   canasta   a card-game

   canaster  a tobacco, not k-, -ister

   cancan    high-kicking Parisian dance (one word)

   cancel    (typ.), incorrect matter, new-printed leaf correcting this (its
             signature preceded by *)

   cancel/, -lation, -led, -ler, -ling


   cancellate
             (biol.), porous, marked with cross-lines

   cancelled/
             abbr. cld.

   Candahar  use K-

   candela   standard unit of light intensity; abbr. cd

   candelabr/um
             large candlestick; pl.  -a; also sing. -a, pl. -as

   Candide   by Voltaire, 1759

   c. and l.c.
             (typ.), capital(s) and lower case

   candle-light
             (hyphen)

   Candlemas Day
             2 Feb.

   candle/power, -stick, -wick
             (one word)

   canephor/us
             (archit.), sculptured youth or maiden with basket on head; pl.
             -i

   caneton   (Fr. m.), duckling

   canister  small metal box, not -aster

   cannabis  Indian hemp, not cana- (not cap., except for the bot.  genus)

   cannelloni
             pasta rolls

   Cannes    d‚p. Alpes-Maritimes, S.  France

   cannibalize
             not -ise

   Canning (George)
             1770-1827, and his son -- (Charles John, Earl), 1812-62, English
             statesmen

   cannon/-ball, -bone, -fodder
             (hyphens)

   canoe/, -d, -ing, -ist


   canon     abbr. can.

   canon     (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 48 pt.

   ca¤on     (Sp.), a gorge

   canonize  not -ise

   "Canon's Yeoman's Tale"
             by Chaucer

   Canosa    Apulia, Italy

   Canossa   Emilia, Italy, scene of penance of Emperor Henry IV before Pope
             Gregory VII, 1077; hence to go to --, "to eat humble pie"

   Canova (Antonio)
             1757-1822, Italian sculptor

   canst     (no apos.)

   Cant.     Canterbury, Canticles

   can't     to be printed close up

   cantabile (mus.), in a singing, graceful style

   Cantabrigian
             of Cambridge, not -dgian

   Cantabrigiensis
             (Lat.), of Cambridge University; abbr. Cantab.

   cantaloup a musk-melon, not cante-, -loupe

   Cantate   Psalm 98 as canticle

   cantatrice
             (It. and Fr.), professional woman singer

   cante hondo
             (Sp.), mournful song

   Canterbury
             abbr. Cant.

   Canterbury bell
             flower (one cap.)

   canticle  a hymn; abbr. cant. See also next

   Canticum Canticorum
             "The Song of Songs", also Canticles, abbr.  Cant., same as Song
             of Solomon

   cantilever
             a form of bridge or support, not canta-, -liver

   Cantire   Strathclyde, use Kintyre

   canto/    division of long poem, a song; pl. -s, abbr. can.

   cantonment
             mil. quarters

   cantoris  of the precentor, that is on north side of choir; abbr. can.

   Cantor Lectures
             (Royal College of Physicians, and Society of Arts)

   Cantuar.  Cantuarius, Cantuariensis (of Canterbury)

   Cantuar:  sig. of Abp. of Canterbury (colon)

   Cantuarian
             of Canterbury

   cantus firm/us
             (mus.), basic melody in counterpoint, pl. -i; in It.  canto
             fermo, pl. canti fermi

   Canute    accepted variant of Cnut, 995-1035, king of Norway, Denmark, and
             England

   canvas/   coarse linen; -ed, -es

   canvass/  to solicit votes; -ed, -er, -es

   canyon    a gorge

   caoutchouc
             unvulcanized rubber

   CAP       Common Agricultural Policy (EEC)

   Cap       (Fr. geog. m.), Cape

   cap.      capital letter, chapter, foolscap

   cap-…-pie from head to foot (accent, hyphens, not ital.)

   Cap d'Ail town, d‚p.  Alpes-Maritimes, France

   Cape/     cap. when with name, abbr.  C.; -- Breton, Nova Scotia, not
             Briton, Britton, Briton, abbr. CB; -- of Good Hope, abbr. CGH;
             -- Province (of S. Africa), abbr. CP

   Capek (Josef)
             1887-1945, and his brother -- (Karel), 1890-1938, Czech writers

   Cape Town S. Africa (two words)

   Cape Verde/ Islands
             off W. Africa, indep. 1975; not -- Verd, -- de Verd, adj. -an

   Cap Haitien
             town in Haiti

   capias    (law), writ of arrest

   Capital Gains Tax
             abbr. CGT

   capitalization
             (see Hart's Rules, pp. 8-14, 92-6 for French, 107-8 for German,
             122-4 for Russian).  When in doubt use lower case. Use initial
             capitals for:

                 Abstract qualities personified:  O Fame!
                 Acts of Parliament and Bills (titles of).
                 Adjectives derived from proper names, when connection with
                 the name is still felt to be alive, as Christian, Homeric,
                 etc., but not when the connection is remote or conventional,
                 as roman (numerals), or when the sense is an attribute, as
                 chauvinistic, gargantuan, quixotic.
                 Aircraft (types of), as a Concorde, a Starfighter.
                 Archaeological eras, see Historical eras below.
                 Associations, as Charity Organization Society.
                 Bible (and books of the Bible: but see s.v.), Book of Common
                 Prayer, Old Testament, etc.
                 Botany, all divisions higher than species, that is, genera,
                 families, orders, classes, etc.  See also botany (as main
                 entry).
                 Churches, as Baptist Church.
                 Compass point abbreviations, N., N. b E., NNE, NE b N., etc.
                 Compass points when denoting a region (the mysterious East,
                 unemployment in the North).
                 Compound titles, as Assistant Adjutant-General, Chief
                 Justice, Ex-President, Major-General, Vice-President.
                 Days, as Christmas Day, Lady Day, Monday, New Year's Day.
                 Deity (the), and related words, as Allah, Almighty, Christ,
                 Dominus, Father, God, Jehovah, Lord, the Deity, the Holy
                 Trinity, Yahveh; pronouns to have lower case except at
                 author's request, but always who, whom.
                 Festivals, as Easter, Whitsuntide.
                 Full point, cap. follows unless the point marks an
                 abbreviation.
                 Geographical names with recognized status, as Northern
                 Ireland (but northern England), East Africa, New England
                 (USA), River Plate (but the river Thames).
                 Geological formations, as Devonian, and eras, as Palaeozoic.
                 German nouns: see Hart's Rules, pp.  107-8.
                 Government (the).
                 Historical eras and events, as Dark Ages, Early Minoan,
                 Perpendicular, the Renaissance, First World War (but not
                 archaeological eras, as neolithic, palaeolithic).
                 House of Lords, Commons, etc.
                 Institutions and movements, as Christianity, Islam, Marxism;
                 the Crown, Parliament, the State.
                 MS, MSS, manuscript, -s.
                 Nicknames, as the Iron Duke, the Admirable Crichton.
                 O! and Oh! (the interjections), and O (vocative).
                 Palaeontology, all divisions higher than species.
                 Period, see Full point above.
                 Poetry, generally at beginning of each line in classical
                 English and French; not necessarily in German, Latin, or
                 Greek.
                 Political bodies and parties, as Assembly, Senate;
                 Conservative, Republican.
                 Postcodes, as BR6 8JU (even full caps., no points, lining
                 numerals; but when the fount has non-lining numerals, or in
                 a s.-cap. context (e.g. publisher's imprint), even s. caps.
                 may give a better effect).
                 Proper names, including English Christian names, surnames,
                 and names of an individual, family, place, locality, and the
                 like; also attributes used as proper names, as a Black
                 (Negro), a Blue (university), a Red (a communist).
                 Proprietary terms: Aspro, Kodak, Persil.
                 PS, postscript.
                 Question, the next word following a question mark should
                 generally begin with a capital letter.
                 Quotations, when syntactically complete: Consider this "Thou
                 art the man", but Do not follow "the madding crowd".
                 Rank, when individuals are referred to or addressed by their
                 rank, as "the Squire said", "Good evening, General".
                 Religious denominations:  Nonconformist, Orthodox.
                 Roads, Gardens, Gates, Groves, Hills, Parks, Squares,
                 Streets, Terraces, etc., when with name.
                 Ships, as the Cutty Sark, HMS Dreadnought.
                 Sovereign (the), in proclamations, all personal pronouns
                 referring to, as Her, Him, His, etc.
                 Titles and Subtitles of books, films, newspapers,
                 periodicals, and plays, the first word and important words
                 only, as "I Forbid the Banns", Farmer and Stockbreeder, The
                 Merchant of Venice; but scientific and technical
                 bibliographies often capitalize first word and proper names
                 only. For French titles see Hart's Rules, p. 93; in Italian
                 titles capitalize the first word only; for Russian titles
                 see Hart's Rules, p. 123.
                 Titles of corporations, as Department of Trade.
                 Titles of courtesy, honour, and rank: HRH, TRH, the Prince
                 of Wales, the Bishop of Oxford, President Roosevelt, His
                 Grace, Sir John Smith, J. Smith, Esq., Mr J. Smith, etc.;
                 note compound titles: Assistant Adjutant-General,
                 Vice-President.
                 Titles of distinction, as FRS, LL D, are usu. put in large
                 caps.  Even s. caps. often improve general effect.
                 Titles of pictures, as for books; but identificatory
                 descriptions given by cataloguers etc. where no artist's
                 title exists take initial capital only.
                 Titles of poems and songs, when formed from the first line,
                 to be capitalized as book-titles, as "I Fear no Foe", "Where
                 the Bee Sucks".
                 Trade names, see Proprietary terms above.
                 Vehicles (types of), as a Dormobile, a Jaguar.
                 Verbs derived from proper names when there is direct
                 reference to the name, as Americanize, Hellenize.
                 Zoology, all divisions higher than species, that is, genera,
                 families, orders, classes, etc.  See also zoology (as main
                 entry)

   capitalize
             not -ise

   capital letter
             abbr. cap.

   capitals (large)
             indicated in copy by three lines underneath the letter; abbr.
             cap. See also capitalization

   capitals (small)
             usually about two-thirds size of large caps., indicated in copy
             by two lines underneath; may be used for subsidiary headings,
             (with large-cap.  initials) for the signatures of printed
             correspondence, and for any even large-cap. matter that would
             otherwise gain excessive prominence on the page. They are not
             used in German, Greek, or Russian. Abbr. (typ.) s.c. (without
             points as a proof-correction mark); also s. cap., pl. s. caps.
             See also even s. caps.

   Capitol   temple of Jupiter on Capitoline Hill, anc. Rome; Congress
             building, Washington DC, US

   capitulum (bot., anat.), small head, knob

   cappuccino
             (It.), coffee with milk

   capriccio/
             (mus.), fanciful work; pl. -s, adj. -so

   caps. and smalls
             (typ.), set in small capitals with the initial letters in large
             capitals; abbr.  caps (or c) and sc

   capsiz/e  not -ise; noun -al

   Captain   abbr. Capt.

   caption   (typ.). descriptive matter printed above or below an
             illustration; (US) heading of chapter, page, or section

   Captivity (the)
             of the Jews (cap. C)

   caput/    (lat.), head; -- mortuum, worthless residue after distillation

   Car.      Carolus (Charles)

   car.      carat

   carabineer
             soldier with carbine, not carb-, -ier; but  Carabiniers & Greys

   carabinier/e
             Italian soldier serving as policeman; pl. -i

   Caracci   family of painters, 1550-1619, not Carr-

   Caractacus
             accepted form of Caratacus, fl. AD 5O, king of Silures, anc.
             Britain

   caracul   use karakul

   carafe    glass container for water or wine, not -ff, -ffe

   caramba!  (Sp.), wonderful!, how strange!

   carat     a weight, not caract, carrat, karat; abbr. K. or car.

   caratch   use kharaj

   Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi da)
             1569-1609, Italian painter

   caravanserai
             inn with courtyard used as halting-place for caravans, not
             -sary, -sery, -sera. See also khan

   caravel   Spanish ship

   caraway   plant with aromatic fruits ("seeds"), not carra-

   carbineer use carabineer

   carbohydrate
             (one word)

   carbon    symbol C

   carbon copy
             abbr. c.c.

   carbon dating
             (two words)

   carbonize not -ise

   carbon paper
             (two words)

   carburett/ed, -or
             not -t-, -er

   carcass/  not -ase; pl. -es

   Carcassonne
             d‚p. Aude, France

   carcinom/a
             a cancer; pl. -ata

   card.     cardinal

   cardamom  aromatic capsules of ginger plants, not -mon, - mum

   card-game (hyphen)

   Cardigan  Dyfed. See also Ceredigion

   card-index
             (noun & verb)

   Carducci (Giosu‚)
             1835-1907, Italian poet

   carefree  (one word)

   car€me    (Fr. m.), Lent

   care of   abbr. c/o

   caret     insertion mark ^

   caretaker (one word)

   Carew (Richard)
             1555-1620, English poet; -- (Thomas), 1595-?1639, English poet
             and courtier

   car/ex    sedge; pl. -ices

   Carey (Henry)
             ?1690-1743, English poet and composer; -- (Henry Charles),
             1793-1879, US economist, son of next: -- (Mathew, one t),
             1760-1839, US publicist; -- Street, London, syn. with the
             Bankruptcy Court. See also Cary

   cargo/    pl. -es

   Caribbean Sea
             W. Indies, not Carr-

   Cariboo Mountains
             BC, Canada

   caribou   N. American reindeer, pl.  same (not -boo)

   Caribou Highway
             BC, Canada

   Caribou Mountain
             Idaho, US

   carillon  (chime of) bells

   Carington see Carrington

   Carinthia Austria, in Ger. K„rnten

   cariole   use carr-

   Carisbrooke
             IW

   carit…    (It. art), representation of maternal love

   Carleton (William)
             1794-1869, Irish novelist

   Carlile/ (Richard)
             1790-1843, English reformer and politician; -- (Revd Preb.
             William), 1847-1942, founder of Church Army. See also Carlisle,
             Carlyle

   Carliol:  sig. of Bp. of Carlisle (colon)

   Carlisle  Cumbria; -- (Earl of). See also Carlile, Carlyle

   Carlist   supporter of Spanish pretender Don Carlos (1788-1855)

   Carlovingian
             use Carolingian

   Carlsbad  Czechoslovakia, not K-; in Czech Karlovy Vary

   Carls/krona
             Sweden, -ruhe, W.  Germany, use K-

   Carlton Club
             London

   Carlyle (Thomas)
             1795-1881, Scottish writer. See also Carlile, Carlisle

   Carlylean not -eian, -ian

   Carmagnola
             Piedmont, Italy

   "Carmagnole (La)"
             French revolutionary song and dance

   Carmarthen
             Dyfed, not Caer-

   Carnarvon Gwynedd, use Caernarfon, but -- (Earl of)

   Carnatic  Madras, India, not K-

   Carnaval/ suite of piano pieces by Schumann, 1834-5; -- des animaux (le),
             suite for small orchestra by Saint-Saens, 1886; -- romain (le),
             overture by Berlioz, 1844. See also Carnival

   "Carnaval de Venise, (le)"
             (mus.), popular type of air and variations, early nineteenth
             century

   Carnegie (Andrew)
             1835-1919, Scottish-born US millionaire and philanthropist

   carnelian use cor-

   carnival  in Fr. m. carnaval, in Ger. n. Carneval

   Carnival  overture by Dvorak, 1891.  See also Carnaval

   Carnoustie
             Tayside

   carol/ -led, -ler, -ling


   Carolean  of the time of Charles I or II, not -ine

   Carolingian
             of the Frankish dynasty of Charlemagne, not Carlovingian, Karl-

   Carolus   Lat. for Charles; abbr.  Car.

   carous/e  drink heavily; -al

   carousel  tournament, rotating conveyor system. See Carrousel

   car-park  (hyphen)

   Carpathian Mts.
             E. Europe, not K-

   carpe diem
             (Lat.) enjoy the day

   carpet/, -ed, -ing


   carport   (one word)

   carp/us   the wrist; pl. -i

   Carracci  use Caracci

   carrageen Irish moss; not moss, -gheen; from Carragheen, near Waterford

   Carrantuohill
             Kerry, highest mt. in Ireland

   Carrara   N. Italy, source of marble

   carrat    use carat

   carraway  use cara-

   Carribbean
             use Cari-

   Carrigtohill
             Cork (one word)

   Carrington (Baron)
             family name Carington (one r)

   carriole  a carriage, not cariole

   Carroll (Lewis)
             (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson), 1832-98, English author

   Carrousel (place du)
             Paris, from Fr. carrousel (m.), a tilting-match

   Carrutherstown
             Dumfries & Galloway (one word)

   carry-cot (hyphen)

   carsick   (one word)

   Carte (Richard D'Oyly)
             1844-1901, see D'Oyly Carte

   carte     (fencing), use quart

   carte blanche
             (Fr. f.), full discretion (ital.)

   carte-de-visite
             (not ital.)

   Carter, Paterson & Co.
             former carriers, London

   Cartesian see Descartes

   cart-horse
             (hyphen)

   cartouche (archit.), scroll ornament, (archaeol.) ring enclosing
             hieroglyphic royal name, not -ch

   cartridge paper
             a firm, strong paper

   cart/-wheel, -wright
             (hyphens)

   carvel-built
             (naut.), with smooth planking

   Cary (Henry Francis)
             1772-1844, English translator of Dante; -- (Arthur Joyce Lunel),
             1888-1957, English novelist; -- (Lucius), Lord Falkland,
             1610-43; -- (Alice), 1820-71, -- (Phoebe), 1824-71, US sisters,
             poets. See also Carey

   caryatid/ female figure as a column; pl. -s

   CAS       Chief of the Air Staff

   Casabianca (Louis de)
             ?1755-98, French seaman

   Casablanca
             Morocco

   Casa Grande
             prehistoric ruin in Arizona, US

   "Casa Guidi Windows"
             by Mrs Browning, 1851

   Casals (Pablo)
             1876-1973, Catalan cellist

   Casanova de Seingalt (Giovanni Giacomo)
             1725-1803, Italian adventurer

   Casas Grandes
             Mexican village with famous ruins

   Casaubon (Isaac)
             1559-1614, French scholar and theologian; -- (M‚ric), 1599-1671,
             his son, clergyman; -- (Mr), in G. Eliot's Middlemarch

   casava    use cassava

   casbah    use k-

   case      (bind.), bookbinding consisting of two boards joined by a
             flexible spine, and usually covered with cloth etc.; upper --
             (typ.), capitals; lower --, small letters

   casein    milk protein, not -ine

   cases     (law), abbr. ca.

   casework  (one word)

   cashew    trop. American tree with edible nuts

   Cashmer/, -e
             use Kashmir

   cashmere  soft wool fabric, not -meer, cachemere, -ire. See also
             kerseymere

   Casimir-Perier (Jean Pierre Paul)
             1847-1907, French Pres. 1894-5 (no accent)

   casine    use casein

   casino/   pl. -s (not ital.)

   Caslon (William)
             1693-1766, typefounder; cutter of Caslon type

   cassata   It. ice-cream (not ital.)

   Cassation (Cour de)
             highest court of appeal in France

   cassava   the manioc, not cas-, -ave

   Cassel    W. Germany, use K-

   Cassell & Co., Ltd.
             division of Cassell & Collier Macmillan Publishers, Ltd.

   cassimere use kerseymere. See also cashmere

   Cassiopeia
             (astr.), a constellation

   Cassivellaunus
             fl. 50 BC, British prince

   cast      actors in a play

   caste     hereditary class

   Castellammare
             Campagna and Sicily, Italy

   Castelnuovo-Tedesco (Mario)
             1895-1968, Italian composer

   caster    one who casts (see also -or); (typ.) a casting machine

   Castil/e  N. Spain, not -ille; -ian

   cast iron (noun); cast-iron (adj.)

   Castle Cary
             Somerset

   Castlecary
             Central, Donegal

   Castlerea Co. Roscommon, Ireland

   Castlereagh (Robert Stewart Viscount)
             1769-1822, British statesman

   Castleton Borders, Derby., Gr.  Manchester, Gwent, N. Yorks.

   Castletown
             Cumbria, Dorset, Highland, I.o.M., Staffs., Tyne & Wear

   cast off  (typ.), to estimate amount of printed matter copy would make

   castor    a beaver (hence castor oil) or its fur; a small wheel for
             furniture; a small pot with perforated lid (hence castor sugar).
             See also caster

   Castor and Pollux
             stars, also patrons of sailors

   castrat/o (mus.), castrated male soprano; pl. -i

   casual    incidental, not regular. See also causal

   casus/ belli
             (lat.), the cause of war; -- foederis, case stipulated by
             treaty; -- omissus, case unprovided for by statute

   CAT       College of Advanced Technology, computer-assisted typesetting

   Cat.      Catalan, Catullus

   cat.      catalogue, catechism

   cataclasm violent disruption

   cataclysm/
             deluge, violent event; -al, -ic, -ist, not -atist

   Catalan   of Catalonia; abbr. Cat.

   Cataline  use Catiline

   catalogu/e
             abbr. cat.; -ed, -er, -ing

   catalogue raisonn‚
             (Fr. m.), an explanatory catalogue

   Catalonia in Sp. Catalu¤a

   catal/yst a substance facilitating chem. change; -yse, not -ize; -ysis;
             -ytic

   catamaran a raft; also two-hulled boat

   catarrh   inflammation of mucous membrane

   catarrhine
             narrow-nosed (of monkeys), not -arhine

   Catch (Jack)
             use Ke-

   catch/-all, -as-catch-can
             (hyphens)

   catchline (typ.), a line containing catchword(s), signature letter, etc.

   catch-phrase
             (hyphen)

   catchpole a sheriff's officer, not -poll

   catch-22  inescapable dilemma, after novel by Joseph Heller, 1961

   catchword (typ.), the first word of next page printed at bottom of
             preceding page; word(s) printed at head of dictionary page as
             guide to its contents

   Cѓteau Cambr‚sis (Peace of)
             1559

   catechism teaching by question and answer; abbr. cat.

   catechiz/e, -er, -ing
             not -is-

   catechumen
             convert under instruction before baptism

   categorize
             to classify, not -ise

   caten/a   a chain; pl. -ae

   cater-cousin
             a good friend, not qua-

   caters    (campan., pl.), changes on nine bells

   Cath.     Catherine, Catholic

   cath.     cathedral

   Catharine Kans., NY, Pa., US

   cathars/is
             purging; pl. -es

   Cathay    poetical for China, not K-

   cathedral cap. when with name, as Ely Cathedral; abbr. cath.

   Catherine abbr. Cath.; St --, hence -- pear and -- wheel; -- I and II,
             empresses of Russia; -- of Aragon, Howard, -- Parr, first,
             fifth, and sixth wives of Henry VIII of England; -- de Medici,
             1519-89, Queen of France

   cathisma  use ka-

   cathod/e  negative electrode; --e ray tube, abbr. CRT; -ic, -ograph; not
             k-

   Catholic  abbr. C. or Cath.

   catholic/ism, -ize
             not -ise

   Catiline (Catilina, Lucius Sergius)
             108-62 BC, Roman conspirator, not Cata-

   cation    (elec.), ion carrying positive charge of electricity, not k-

   cat-o'-nine-tails
             (hyphens)

   cat's/-cradle
             a children's game; -eye, precious stone, (C-, propr.  term) stud
             in road

   Catskill Mountains
             New York, US

   cats-paw  person used as tool, (naut.) a light air, not catspaw

   catsuit   (one word)

   Cattegat  use Dan. Kattegat (Swed.  Kattegatt)

   Cattleya  an orchid genus

   Catullus (Gaius Valerius)
             ?84-?54 BC, Roman poet, abbr. Cat.

   Cauchy (Augustin Louis)
             1789-1857, French mathematician

   caucus    political meeting

   Caudillo  Spanish "leader", title assumed by Gen. Franco after Spanish
             Civil War

   caught    (cricket), abbr. c.

   cauldron  not cal-

   caulk     to make watertight, not calk

   caus.     causa/tion, -tive

   causal    having to do with a cause.  See also casual

   causa/tion, -tive
             abbr. caus.

   cause c‚lЉbre
             (Fr. f.), famous law case, pl. -es -es

   causerie  (Fr.f.), chat, usu. as informal essay

   cauterize not -ise

   Cavafy (Constantine)
             1863-1933, Greek poet, not K-, -is

   Cavalleria Rusticana
             (Rustic Gallantry), opera by Mascagni, 1890

   cavass    use k-

   caveat    a formal warning (not ital.)

   caveat/ actor
             (Lat.), let the doer beware; -- emptor, ditto buyer; -- viator,
             ditto traveller

   cave canem
             (Lat.), beware of the dog

   caviare   pickled sturgeon-roe, not -iar, -ier

   cavil/    to make trifling objections, -led, -ler, -ling

   Cavour (Count Camillo)
             1850-61, Italian statesman

   Cawnpore  usual form in English history of the now correct Kanpur

   Caxton (William)
             c.1422-91, first English printer

   Cayenne   capital of Fr. Guiana

   cayman/   American alligator not cai-, kai-; pl. -s

   Cayman Islands
             W. Indies

   cazique   use cacique

3.3 CB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CB        Cape Breton, Cavalry Brigade, Chief Baron, citizens' band
             (radio), Coal Board, Common Bench, Companion (of the Order) of
             the Bath, (naval) Confidential Book, confined barracks, cost
             benefit, County Borough, (mus.) contrabasso (double bass)

   CBA       cost benefit analysis, Council for British Archaeology

   CBC       Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

   CBE       Commander (of the Order) of the British Empire

   CBEL      Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature

   CBI       Confederation of British Industry; (US) Cumulative Book Index

3.4 CC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CC        200, Caius College, Central Committee, Chamber of Commerce,
             Chess Club, Circuit Court, City Council, -lor, Civil Court,
             Common Councilman, Companion of the Order of Canada, Consular
             Corps, Countryside Commission, County Clerk, -- Commissioner, --
             Council, -lor, -court, Cricket Club, Cycling Club

   cc        (no points), cubic centimetre (in engines, etc.)

   cc.       capita (chapters)

   c.c.      carbon copy

   CCC       300, Corpus Christi College, Oxf. and Camb.

   CCCC      400

   CCF       Combined Cadet Force

   C.Chem.   chartered chemist

   CCP       Code of Civil Procedure, Court of Common Pleas, credit card
             purchase

   C.Cr.P.   Code of Criminal Procedure

3.5 CD...
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   CD        400, Civil Defence

   Cd        cadmium (no point)

   cd        candela (no point)

   Cd.       Command paper, q.v. (with number following)

   c.d.      cum dividend (with dividend)

   CDC       Commonwealth Development Corporation (till 1963 Colonial -- --)

   Cdr.      Commander

   Cdre.     Commodore (naval)

3.6 CE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CE        Chief Engineer, Civil Engineer

   CE        Christian (or Common) Era (non-Christian usage in place of AD)

   Ce        cerium (no point)

   cease-fire
             (noun, hyphen)

   cedar     a tree

   ceder     one who cedes

   cedilla   mark under a letter, as ‡

   Cedron    see Kidron

   CEGB      Central Electricity Generating Board

   Celanese  an artificial silk (propr.  term)

   cela/ va sans dire
             (Fr.), needless to say; -- viendra, that will come

   Celebes   see Sulawesi

   celebrator
             not -er

   celiac    use coeliac

   cellar    not -er

   Cellini (Benvenuto)
             1500-71, Italian goldsmith and sculptor

   cell/o    violoncello; pl. -os; -ist, the player

   Cellophane
             transparent wrapping material (propr. term)

   Celsius   temperature scale same as centigrade, abbr. C

   Celt/, -ic, -icism
             not K-; abbr.  Celt.

   cembal/o  harpsichord, pl. -os; -ist, the player

   CEMS      Church of England Men's Society

   C.Eng.    chartered engineer

   cenobite  use coe-

   Cenozoic  use Caino-

   censer    incense vessel

   censor    Roman magistrate, official with power to suppress (parts of)
             books, etc.

   cent.     central, century; cent (no point), see per cent

   cent/, -s US etc. coin; abbr. c., ct., or cts.

   cental/   corn measure of 100 lb.; pl. -s; abbr. ctl.

   centauromachy
             (representation of) centaurs fighting

   centaury  a plant

   centenarian
             one who is a hundred years old

   centen/ary, -nial


   centering framing for an arch, not -reing. See also centre

   centi     prefix meaning one-hundredth, abbr. c

   centigrade
             (not cap.); abbr. C

   centigram not -gramme; abbr. cg (no point in scientific and technical
             work)

   centilitre
             abbr. cl (no point in scientific and technical work)

   centime/  one-hundredth of French franc; pl. -s; abbr. c. or cts.

   centimetre
             0.394 inch, not -er; abbr. sing. and pl. cm. (but no point in
             scientific and technical work)

   Cento     Central Treaty Organization

   cent/o    writing composed of scraps from various authors; pl. -os

   Central   region of Scotland

   central   abbr. cent.

   centralize
             not -ise

   Central Provinces
             (India), now Madhya Pradesh

   centr/e, -ed, -ing;
             (typ.), set matter in middle of line, measure, etc. See also
             centering

   centre-notes
             (typ.), those between columns

   cents     abbr. c., or cts.

   centum    a hundred; abbr. C (no point). See also per cent

   centumvir/
             Roman commissioner; pl.  -i

   centurion commander of company in Roman army, not -ian

   century   (typ.), spell out in bookwork; abbr. C. or cent.

   cephalic  of the head, not k-

   Cephalonia
             Gr. island, anc. name Cephallenia

   ceramic   etc., not k-; abbr. ceram.

   Cerberus  (Gr. myth.), three-headed dog at gate of Hades

   cerebell/um
             the hinder brain; pl.  -a; adj. -ar

   cerebro/-spinal, -vascular
             (hyphens)

   cerebr/um the brain proper; pl. -a; adj. -al

   cere/cloths, -ments
             grave-clothes, orig. dipped in wax, not sere-

   Ceredigion
             district of Wales, formerly Cardiganshire

   cerge     use cie-

   ceriph    (typ.), use serif

   cerise    (Fr. f.), cherry

   cerise    a colour

   cerium    symbol Ce

   CERN      Conseil Europ‚en (now Organisation Europ‚enne) de Recherches
             Nucl‚aires, European Council for Nuclear Research

   cert      colloq. abbr. of certainty (no point)

   cert.     certificate, certify

   Cert. Ed. Certificate in Education

   certiorari
             a writ removing a case to a higher court

   cerulean  blue, not cae-, coe-

   Cervantes Saavedra (Miguel de)
             1547-1616, author of Don Quixote

   cervi/x   (anat.), pl. -ces, adj. -cal

   Cesarean  use Cae-

   cesarevitch
             Tsar's eldest son, use tsarevich

   Cesarewitch
             horse-race

   cesser    (law), the coming to an end

   c'est/-…-dire
             (Fr.), that is to say; -- la guerre, it is according to the
             customs of war; -- le premier pas qui co–te, it is the first
             step that is difficult

   Cestr:    sig. of Bp. of Chester (colon)

   Cestrian  of Chester

   cestui que/ trust
             (law), a beneficiary, pl. cestuis -- -- (not trustent); -- --
             vie, he on whose life land is held, pl.  cestuis -- --

   cesura    use cae-

   CET       Central European Time

   cetera/ desiderantur or -- desunt
             (Lat.), the rest are missing

   ceteris paribus
             (Lat.), other things being equal; abbr. cet. par.

   Cetinje   Yugoslavia, formerly cap.  of Montenegro, not Cett-, Zet-, -inge

   Ceylon    republic within Commonwealth, 1972, officially Sri Lanka
             (Ceylon); adj. Ceylonese. See also Sinhalese

   C‚zanne (Paul)
             1839-1906, French painter

3.7 CF...
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   CF        Chaplain to the Forces

   Cf        californium (no point)

   cf.       calf, confer (compare)

   c.f.      carried forward

   CFA       Communaut‚ FinanciЉre d'Afrique, African Financial Community

3.8 CG...
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   CG        Captain of the Guard, coastguard, Coldstream Guards

   C.G.      Captain-General, Commissary-General, Consul-General

   cg        centigram, -s (no point in scientific and technical work)

   c.g.      centre of gravity

   CGM       Conspicuous Gallantry Medal

   CGPM      Conf‚rence G‚n‚rale des Poids et des Mesures, General Conference
             of Weights and Measures

   CGS       Chief of General Staff

   c.g.s.    centimetre-gram-second system

   CGT       Capital Gains Tax; Conf‚d‚ration G‚n‚rale du Travail, General
             Federation of Labour

3.9 CH...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CH        clearing-house, Companion of Honour, court-house, custom-house

   Ch.       chaplain, Chin/a, -ese, Church, (Lat.) Chirurgiae (of surgery),
             (mus.) choir organ

   ch        in Spanish and Welsh, a separate letter, not to he divided

   ch.       chapter, chief, child, -ren

   Chablis   a white burgundy

   cha-cha-cha
             ballroom dance (hyphens)

   chaconne  dance

   chacun … son go–t
             (Fr.), everyone to his taste

   Chad/     Cent. Africa, independent republic 1960, adj. -ian; Lake --, in
             Sudan, not Tchad

   chadar    (Ind.), use chuddar

   Chagall (Marc)
             1889-1985, Russsian painter

   chain/-gang, -smoker
             (hyphens)

   chain reaction
             (two words)

   chairman  (m. and f.), abbr. C. or chm.

   chair/person, -woman
             (one word)

   chaise-longue/
             a couch, day-bed; pl. -es -es

   chal      a gypsy; fem.  chai

   chalaz/a  (biol.), string attached to yolk of egg; pl. -ae

   chalcedony
             a form of quartz, not calce-, chalci-

   Chald/ea  Babylonia (not -aea); -aic, -aism (not -ism), -ean, -ee; abbr.
             Chald.

   chalet    a Swiss cottage, not cha- (not ital.)

   Chaliapin (Feodor Ivanovich)
             1873-1938, Russian bass singer

   Chѓlons-sur-Marne
             d‚p. Marne, France, battle 451

   Chalon-sur-Sa“ne
             d‚p. Sa“ne-et-Loire, France

   chamb.    chamberlain (cap. as a title of office)

   chambermaid
             (one word)

   chamber music
             (two words)

   chamber-pot
             (hyphen)

   Chambers's/ (Edinburgh) Journal; -- Encyclopaedia


   Chambertin
             a red burgundy

   chameleon lizard of changeable colour, not chamae-

   chamfer   to bevel

   chamois-leather
             not shammy-

   chamomile use cam-

   Chamonix  d‚p. Haute-Savoie, France, not -ouni, -ounix, -oisny

   champagne a sparkling wine

   champaign flat open country

   champerty (law), an illegal agreement, not -arty

   champignon
             (Fr. m.), a mushroom, not -pinion

   Champlain (Lake)
             between NY and Vt., US

   Champlain (Samuel de)
             c.1570-1635, French founder of Quebec, Can.

   champlev‚ a kind of enamel

   Champollion (Jean Fran‡ois)
             1790-1832, French Egyptologist

   Champs Elys‚es
             Paris

   chancellery
             not -ory

   chancellor
             (cap. as title), abbr.  chanc.

   chance-medley
             (law), a form of homicide (hyphen)

   Chancery  abbr. Chanc.

   chancre   venereal ulcer

   chandelier
             branched hanging support for lights

   Chandler's Ford
             Hants

   Chanel (Gabrielle)
             1883-1971, French perfumer

   change/able, -ability change-over
             (noun, hyphen)

   channel/, -led, -ling


   Channel Islands
             not -- Isles; abbr. CI

   chanson/  (Fr. f.), a song; -nette (f.), a little song; -nier (m.), singer
             or song-writer in cabaret

   chant/    singing; -er, of bagpipe, not chau-

   Chantilly d‚p. Oise, France

   Chantrey/ (Sir Francis Legatt)
             1781-1841, sculptor; -- Fund, Royal Academy of Arts, London

   chantry   endowed chapel

   chanty    use shanty

   chap.     chapel, chaplain, chapter

   chaparejos
             (pl.), cowboy's leather riding-breeches, not -ajos

   chapeau/  (Fr. m.), a hat, pl. -x; -x bas! hats off!; ---bras,
             three-cornered hat carried under arm

   chapel    abbr. chap.; (typ.), smallest organized union group in printing
             works, in journal and in some bookwork editorial offices; father
             of --, its chief officer

   Chapel-en-le-Frith
             Derby. (hyphens) chapelle ardente (Fr. f.), a chapel lighted for
             a lying-in-state (no hyphen)

   Chapel Royal
             pl. Chapels --

   chaperon  not -one, -onne

   Chap.-Gen.
             Chaplain-General

   chaplain  abbr. chap.

   Chapman (Geoffrey)
             publisher

   Chapman & Hall Ltd.
             publishers

   Chappell (William)
             1809-88, music publisher

   chapter/, -s
             abbr. c., cap., ch., or chap.

   chapter-headings
             (typ.), choice of type is a matter of taste; no general rule can
             be stated

   char/, -red, -ring


   char      small trout, not -rr

   charabanc/
             a motor coach,; pl.  -s, not char-…-banc

   characteriz/e
             not -ise; -able, -ation, -er

   charg‚    more fully charg‚ d'affaires; pl. charg‚s (not ital.)

   charisma/ spiritual power of person or office; adj. -tic

   charivari a mock serenade; London Charivari (The), former subtitle of
             Punch

   Charlemagne
             742-814, king of the Franks from 768

   Charles   abbr. C. or Chas.

   Charles's Wain
             (astr.), Ursa Major

   Charleston
             Ill., SC (source of the dance), W. Va., US

   Charlestown
             Mass., US

   Charlottenburg
             Berlin

   charlotte russe
             (cook.), custard or cream enclosed in sponge-cake (not ital.)

   Charollais
             breed of cattle, not -olais

   Charon    (class. myth.), the ferryman of the Styx

   charpoy   Indian bedstead

   charr     use char

   charter flight
             (two words)

   charter-member
             (hyphen)

   charter-party
             written evidence of agreement, esp. naut. (hyphen)

   Charters Towers
             Queensland, Australia (no apos.)

   chart paper
             machine-made from best rags, suitable for lithographic
             map-printing

   chartreuse
             a liqueur first made at Carthusian monastery near Grenoble

   Chartreux a Carthusian monk

   Charybdis personified whirlpool in Str. of Messina. See also Scylla

   Chas.     Charles

   chase     (typ.), metal frame holding composed type

   Chasid/, -ic
             use H-

   Chasles (Michel)
             1793-1880, French mathematician; -- (PhilarЉte), 1798-1873,
             French lit. critic

   chass‚    (Fr. m.), dance step; -- crois‚, double chass‚

   chassis   window sash, a framework as of motor car, pl. same (not ital.)

   chastis/e not -ize; -ement, -ing

   chѓteau/  (Fr. m.), a castle; pl. -x (not ital.)

   Chateaubriand (Fran‡ois Ren‚ vicomte de)
             1768-1848, French writer and statesman (no accent)

   Chѓteaubriand
             (Fr. cook.), fillet of beef, cut thick and grilled

   Chѓteaubriant
             d‚p. Loire-Inf‚rieure, France

   Chѓteaudun
             d‚p. Eure-et-Loir, France

   Chѓteauguay
             Quebec, Can.

   Chѓteau/-Lafite, -Latour, -Margaux
             clarets (hyphens)

   chѓteaux en Espagne
             (Fr.), "castles in the air"

   chatelain/
             lord of the manor; fem.  -e

   Chattanooga
             Tenn., US, battle in Civil War

   Chatto & Windus, Ltd.
             publishers

   Chaucer/ (Geoffrey)
             ?1345-1400, English poet; adj. -ian

   chauffeu/r
             driver of motor car, fem. -se

   chaunt/, -er
             use chant

   chauss‚e  (Fr. f.), a causeway, the ground level chaussures (Fr. f.  pl.),
             boots shoes, etc.

   Chautauqua
             New York State, celebrated resort

   chauvin/ism, -ist
             (not cap.)

   Ch.B.     Chirurgiae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Surgery)

   Ch.Ch.    Christ Church, Oxford

   Chebyshev (Pafnuti Lvovich)
             1821-94, Russian mathematician, not Tch-

   check     to stop. See also cheque

   check/-in, -list, -out, -up
             (nouns, hyphens)

   Cheddar cheese
             not -er

   Cheeryble Brothers
             in Dickens's Nicholas Nickleby

   cheese/board, -cake, -cloth
             (one word)

   cheesy    not -ey

   cheetah   hunting leopard, not chet-

   chef      (Fr. m.), a cook; chef/ de cuisine, head cook; -- d'orchestre,
             leader of the orchestra; -- d'oeuvre, a masterpiece, pl.
             chefs---

   cheir-    use chir-

   Cheka     USSR "Extraordinary Commission (against counter-revolution)",
             1917-22. See also OGPU

   Chekhov (Anton Pavlovich)
             1861-1904, Russian playwright and story-writer, not the many
             variants

   CHEL      Cambridge History of English Literature

   Chelmsford:
             sig. of Bp. of Chelmsford (colon)

   chem/ical, -ist
             not chy-; abbr.  chem.

   chemico-physical
             (hyphen)

   chemin de fer
             (Fr. m.), railway; a form of baccarat

   chemistry (typ.), caps. for initial letters of symbols, no point at end.
             Names of chemical compounds to be in roman, not caps. Some
             prefixes are ital. or s. caps.; abbr. chem. See also elements
             (chemical)

   Chemnitz  E. Germany, now Karl Marx Stadt

   cheque    a written order (US check)

   chequer   (noun) pattern of squares; (verb) to variegate, interrupt (not
             -ck-) Chequers, Prime Minister's official country house in
             Bucks.

   Cherbourg d‚p. Manche, France

   cherchez la femme
             (Fr.), look for the woman

   chЉre amie
             (Fr. f.), a sweetheart

   Cherenkov (Pavel Alekseevich)
             b.  1904, Russian physicist, discoverer of  radiation

   ch‚r/i    (Fr.), fem.  -ie, darling (‚)

   chernozem Russian black soil

   Cherokee  N. American Indian

   chersonese
             name applied to various peninsulas; cap. when used as name (esp.
             of Thracian peninsula W. of Hellespont)

   cherub/   an angelic being; pl.  -s; Heb. pl. -im

   Cherubini (Maria Luigi)
             1760-1842, Italian composer

   Cherwell  Oxford river

   che sar… sar…
             (It.), what will be, will be

   Cheshire  abbr. Ches.

   Chesil Beach
             Dorset

   chessboard
             (one word)

   chess-man (hyphen)

   Chester   formal name for Cheshire, now only hist. esp. in "County
             palatine of Chester"

   Chester-le-Street
             Co. Durham (hyphens)

   chestnut  not chesnut

   chetah    use chee-

   Chetniks  guerrilla forces raised in Yugoslavia during Second World War by
             Gen. Mihailovich

   cheval/   (Fr. m.), a horse, pl.  chevaux; -- de frise (mil.), obstacle to
             cavalry advance, usually in the pl. chevaux de frise

   cheval-glass
             tall mirror on frame

   Chevalier/ (Albert)
             1861-1923, English music-hall artiste; -- (Maurice), 1888-1972,
             French entertainer chevalier d'industrie (Fr. m.), a swindler

   Chevallier (Gabriel)
             1895-1969, French novelist

   cheville  violin peg, stopgap word in sentence or verse

   chevrotain
             deerlike animal, not -tin

   chevy     use chivvy

   Chevy Chase (Ballad of)


   Cheyenne  Wyoming, US; also an Indian tribe

   Cheyne Walk
             Chelsea

   chez      (Fr.), at the house of

   chi/      Gr. letter; ---square, method of comparing statistical
             experiment with theory

   Chi.      Chicago

   Chiang Kai-shek
             1887-1975, Nationalist Chinese statesman

   Chianti   Italian wine

   chiaroscuro/
             light and shade, pl.  -s

   chibouk   a Turkish pipe, not chibouque

   chic      (noun and adj.), stylish(ness) (not ital.)

   Chicago   Ill., abbr. Chi.

   chiccory  use chicory

   Chichele  Oxford professorships

   Chichen Itz 
             Mexico, site of antiquities

   Chickahominy
             (battles of the), in SE Virginia, American Civil War

   Chickamauga
             (battles of), 1863, N.  Georgia

   chicken-pox
             (hyphen)

   chicory   not chiccory

   chief     abbr. C. or ch.; Chief/ Accountant, CA; -- Baron, CB; -- Justice
             (caps., no hyphen), abbr.  CJ; -- of General Staff, abbr. CGS

   chield    (Sc.), a young man, not chiel

   chiffon   dress fabric or ornaments

   chiffonier
             a sideboard, not -nnier (not ital.)

   chiffre   (Fr. m.), figure, numeral, monogram

   chignon   a coil of hair

   chigoe    W. Indian parasite, not jigger

   child/bed, -birth
             (one word)

   Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
             by Byron, 1811-17

   Childermas
             28 Dec.

   childlike (one word)

   child/-minder, -proof
             (hyphens)

   Chile     S. America, not Chili; adj.

   Chilean

   Chilianwala
             Pakistan, not Chilianwallah, Killianwala

   chilli/   red, or Guinea, pepper, not chile, chili, chilly; pl. -es

   chimaera  use chimera

   Chimborazo
             Ecuador

   chimera   a creation of the imagination, (biol.) an organism with two
             cells of two or more genetically distinct types, not -aera

   chimere   bishop's upper robe, not -er

   chincapin dwarf chestnut, not -kapin, -quapin

   Chindits  British glider-borne troops in Burma in Second World War

   chin‚     (Fr.), variegated (of stuffs)

   Chinese/  abbr. Ch. or Chin.; (typ.)  printed in characters numbering
             several thousand, which are phonetically transcribed into the
             Latin alphabet according to various systems, notably (1) Pinyin,
             e.g.  Hua Guofeng, Tianjin, sometimes with accents indicating
             tone of spoken syllables, (2) Wade-Giles, e.g. Hua Kuo-Feng,
             Tientsin, sometimes with superior figures indicating tone; --
             Classics, the sacred books of Confucianism

   chinoiserie
             Chinese decorative objects

   chipmunk  a N. American ground-squirrel, not -uck

   Chipping Campden
             Glos.

   chi-rho   monogram of XP, first letters of Greek "Christos"

   chiromancy
             palmistry, not cheir-

   Chiron    the centaur, not Cheir-

   chiropodist
             one who treats hands and feet, not cheir-, -pedist

   chiropract/ic
             (sing.), removal of nerve interference by manipulation of spinal
             column; -or, one who does this

   Chiroptera
             the bat order

   chirosophy
             palmistry, not cheir-

   chirrup/, -ed, -ing


   chirurgiae
             (Lat.), of surgery; abbr.  Ch.

   chisel/, -led, -ling


   chit, chitty
             (Anglo-Ind.), a letter

   Chittagong
             Bangladesh

   chivvy    to harass, not che-, chivy

   chlorine  symbol Cl

   chlorodyne
             medicine containing chloroform, not -ine

   chlorophyll
             (bot.), green colouring matter of plants, not -il, -yl

   Ch.M.     Chirurgiae Magister (Master of Surgery)

   chm.      chairman (m. and f.)

   choc.     chocolate

   chock/-a-block, -full
             (hyphens)

   Choctaw   tribe of N. American Indians

   choir     part of a church, or singers, not quire

   cholera morbus
             acute gastro-enteritis

   cholesterol
             fatty alcohol found in parts of the body, not -in

   choosy    not -ey

   Chopin (Fr‚d‚ric Fran‡ois)
             1810-49, Polish composer

   "Chops of the Channel"
             west entrance to English Channel

   chop-suey Chinese dish

   choreograph/y
             ballet design; -er, the arranger

   chorography
             description of districts (intermediate between geography and
             topography)

   chorus/   pl. -es; -ed chose (law), a thing

   Chose (Monsieur)
             (Fr.), Mr So-and-so

   chose jug‚e
             (Fr. f.), a matter already decided chota hazri (Anglo-Ind.),
             early breakfast

   Chota Nagpur
             Bihar, India

   chou/     (Fr. cook. m.), cabbage; puff (pastry), a dress rossette;
             ---fleur, cauliflower (hyphen), pl.  choux-fleurs; choux de
             Bruxelles, Brussels sprouts; chou marin, sea-kale

   Chou En-lai
             use Zhou Enlai

   choux     rich light pastry

   chow mein Chinese dish (two words)

   Chr.      Christ, Christian, Chronicles

   Chr. Coll. Cam.
             Christ's College, Cambridge

   Chr‚tien de Troyes
             12th c., French poet

   Christ Church
             Oxford, not -- -- College; abbr. Ch.Ch.

   Christchurch
             Hants, and NZ

   Christe eleison
             (eccl.), "Christ, have mercy"

   Christian/, -ity
             (cap.)

   Christiania
             former name of Oslo, capital of Norway; a type of turn in
             skiing, abbr. Christie

   Christianize
             not -ise (cap.)

   Christie, Manson, & Woods
             auctioneers, ("Christie's")

   Christmas Day
             (caps.); Old -- --, 7 January

   Christoff (Boris)
             b. 1919, Bulgarian bass singer

   Christ's College Cambridge
             abbr.  Chr. Coll. Cam.

   Christy-minstrels
             coloured entertainers, with bones, banjos, etc. (after George
             Christy, of New York)

   chromatography
             (chem.), separation by passing over adsorbent

   chrome yellow
             a pigment

   chromium  symbol Cr

   chromo/   (typ.), (no point), abbr. of chromolithograph, picture printed
             in colours from stone or plates; pl. -s

   chromolithography
             (one word)

   chromo paper
             one with a special heavy coating for lithographic printing

   chromosome
             (biol.), structure carrying genes in cell

   chromosphere
             gaseous envelope of sun

   chron.    chronolog/y, -ical, -ically, chronometry

   Chronicles, First, Second Book of
             abbr. 1 Chr., 2 Chr.

   chronological age
             abbr. CA

   chrysal/is
             pl. -ides

   Chrysaor  son of Neptune

   Chryseis  daughter of Chryses, a Trojan priest

   chryselephantine
             (Gr. sculpture), overlaid with gold and ivory

   Chrysler/ US make of car; -- Building, New York

   chrysoprase
             green chalcedony, not -phrase

   Chrysostom (St John)
             Greek Father, 347-407

   chthon/ian, -ic
             (Gr. myth.), dwelling in the underworld

   chuddar   (Anglo-Ind.), overgarment, not the many variants

   Chur      Grisons, Switzerland; in Fr.  Coire

   Church    initial cap. when referring to a body of people, as the
             Methodist Church; lower case for building; abbr. C. or Ch.

   Church Assembly
             (properly National Assembly of the Church of England), set up
             1920, absorbed into General Synod, 1970

   Church Commissioners
             formerly Ecclesiastical Commissioners and Queen Anne's Bounty

   church/-goer, -going
             (hyphens)

   Churchill (Sir Winston Leonard Spencer)
             1874-1965, British statesman; -- (Winston), 1871-1947, US writer

   church mouse
             (two words)

   church/warden, -yard
             (one word)

   Churrigueresque
             lavishly ornate Spanish baroque

   chute     slide etc.

   chutney   condiment, not -nee, -ny

   chymist   use che-

3.10 CI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CI        Channel Islands, Chief Inspector, -- Instructor, Commonwealth
             Institute, Communist International

   Ci        curie (no point)

   CIA       (US) Central Intelligence Agency

   ciao      (It.), word of greeting

   Cibber (Colley)
             1671-1757, Poet Laureate 1730-57

   Cic.      Cicero

   cicad/a   the tree cricket, not cig-, -ala; pl. -ae (biol.), -as (general)

   cicatrice/
             scar; pl. -s

   cicatri/x (in surgery), scar; pl.  -ces

   cicatrize not -ise

   Cicero (Marcus Tullius, "Tully")
             106-43 BC, Roman orator; abbr. Cic.

   cicero    (typ.), European type-measure of 12 Didot (q.v.) points

   ciceron/e a guide, pl. -i

   Cicestr:  sig. of Bp. of Chichester (colon)

   cicisbe/o (It.), a married woman's gallant; pl. -i

   CID       Criminal Investigation Department

   Cid Campeador (El)
             c.1040-99, Spanish warrior

   cider     not cy-

   ci-devant (Fr.), formerly

   CIE       Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire Cie (Fr.), compagnie
             (company) (no point)

   cierge    large candle, not cer-, ser-

   cigala    use cicada

   ci-gЊt    (Fr.), here lies

   CIGS      Chief of Imperial General Staff

   CII       Chartered Insurance Institute

   cili/um   a hairlike appendage; pl.  -a; -ary, -ate, -ation cill, use sill

   Cimabue (Giovanni)
             c.1240-1302, Italian painter

   cimbalom  dulcimer

   cim/ex    bedbug; pl. -ices

   Cimmerian intensely dark; (pl.)  nomadic people, 7th c. BC (cap.)

   C.-in-C.  Commander-in-Chief

   Cincinnati
             Ohio, US

   Cincinnatus
             5th c. BC, Roman hero

   cine-camera
             (hyphen)

   cinerari/a
             plant with ash-coloured foliage; pl. -as

   cinerari/um
             niche for urn with ashes of deceased; pl. -a

   Cingalese use Sinhalese

   cingul/um a girdle or zone; pl. -a

   cinquecento
             1500-99, and Renaissance art of that century

   Cinque Ports
             Hastings, New Romney, Hythe, Dover, and Sandwich, plus
             Winchelsea and Rye

   cinques   (campan., pl.), changes on eleven bells

   cion      use scion

   cipher    not cy-

   cipolin   (one l), Anglicized form of It. cipollino, veined white and
             green marble

   Cipriani (Giambattista)
             1727-85, Italian painter and engraver

   circ.     circiter (about)

   circa     (Lat. prep.), about; in Eng.  used mainly with dates and
             quantities; abbr. c.

   Circean   of Circe, not -aean

   circiter  (Lat. adv.), about, approximately; abbr. circ.

   Circuit Court
             abbr. CC

   circuit edges
             (bind.), limp covers turned over to protect the leaves

   circulariz/e
             to issue circulars, not -ise; -ing

   circum    (Lat.),about; in Eng. used as prefix meaning around, surrounding

   circumcise
             not -ize

   circumflex
             (typ.), accent.

   circumflexion
             not -flect-

   Cirencester
             Glos.

   cirque    natural amphitheatre (not ital.)

   cirrhos/is
             a liver disease; pl.  -es

   cirriped  marine crustacean, not -de

   cirr/us   (bot.) tendril, (zool.)  slender appendage, (meteor.)  tuftlike
             cloud formation; pl. -i

   cisalpine on the Roman side of the Alps (not cap. except in Cisalpine
             Gaul)

   cispontine
             on the north side of the Thames. See also transpontine

   cist      (archaeol.), tomb or coffin, not k-. See also cyst

   cit.      citation, cited, citizen

   citations see authorities, quotations

   cities    (typ.), names of not to be abbreviated if avoidable

   citizen   abbr. cit.

   citizens' band
             (radio), abbr. CB

   citoyen/  (Fr.), fem. -ne, citizen

   citrine   (noun and adj.), lemon-colour(ed)

   Citroen   Fr. make of car

   cittadin/o
             (It.), a citizen, pl. -i; fem. -a, pl. -e

   city      abbr. c.; the City, London's financial centre; City Editor, the
             supervisor of financial reports, (N. Amer.) editor of local
             news.  See also cities

   ciudad    (Sp.), city, not cui-

   Ciudad Trujillo
             recent name for Santo Domingo, cap. of Dominican Republic

   civ.      civil, -ian

   civics    the study of citizenship

   Civil/ Court
             abbr. CC; -- Engineer, abbr. CE

   civiliz/e not -ise; -able, -er

   Civil/Servants, -- Service
             (caps.), abbr. CS

   Civitavecchia
             Italy (one word)

3.11 CJ
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CJ        Chief Justice

3.12 Cl...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Cl        chlorine (no point)

   cl        centilitre, -s (no point in scientific and technical work)

   cl.       class, clause, cloth

   Clackmannan
             district and former county of Scotland (three ns)

   Clairaut (Alexis Claude)
             1713-65, French mathematician, not -ault

   claire-cole
             use clearcole

   clairvoyant/
             fem. -e (not ital.)

   clam/     to clog, smear; -miness, -my

   clamjamphrie
             (Sc.), rubbish, also a mob, not the many variants

   clam/our  but -orous

   clampdown (noun, hyphen)

   clang/our but -orous

   ClaparЉde (Jean Louis Ren‚ Antoine ђdouard)
             1832-70, Swiss naturalist

   claptrap  empty words (one word)

   claque/   hired applauders; -ur, member of claque (not ital.)

   clar.     (mus.) clarinet; (typ.)  clarendon

   clarabella
             (mus.), an organ stop, not clari-

   Clarenceux
             the second King-of-Arms, not -cieux

   clarendon (typ.), a thickened modern type, not a generic term for
             bold-face type (q.v.); abbr. clar.

   Clarendon/ Press
             named after -- Building, a former printing house of the
             University Press at Oxford; hence still the imprint on certain
             learned books of the OUP

   claret    red wine of Bordeaux

   clarinet/, -tist
             not -ionet; abbr.  clar.

   Clarissa Harlowe
             by Richardson, 1748

   class     abbr. cl.

   class.    classic, -al, classification

   classes   (bot., zool.), (typ.) to be in roman with capital initials

   clause    so-and-so (typ.), to have lower-case c; abbr cl., pl. cll.

   Clausewitz (Karl von)
             1780-1831, Prussian mil. writer

   clayey    of the substance of clay

   CLB       Church Lads' Brigade

   cld.      called, cancelled, cleared (goods or shipping), coloured

   clean     (typ.), said of proofs or revises with few errors, or pulled
             after matter has been corrected

   clean disc
             see disc

   clearcole (noun and verb), (to paint with) a coating of size, not claire-

   clear days
             time to be reckoned exclusive of the first and last

   cleared   (goods or shipping), abbr.  cld.

   clear/-eyed, -headed, -sighted
             (hyphens)

   clearing bank
             (two words)

   clearing-house
             abbr. CH

   clearstory
             use clere-

   clearway  (one word)

   cleistogam/ic, -ous
             (bot.), permanently closed and self-fertilizing, not k-

   Clemenceau (Georges EugЉne Benjamin)
             1841-1929, French politician, not Cl‚-

   Clemens (Samuel Langhorne)
             1835-1910 ("Mark Twain"), US writer

   clench    to secure (a nail or rivet), to grasp firmly; the action or
             result of these. See also clinch

   clepsydra/
             an ancient water-clock, not k-; pl. -s

   cleptomania
             use k-

   clerestory
             (archit.), upper part of wall with row of windows, not clear-

   clerk     abbr. clk.

   Clerke (Agnes Mary)
             1842-1907, English astronomer

   Clerk-Maxwell (James)
             1831-79, see Maxwell (James Clerk)

   Clerk/ of Parliaments
             (caps.); -- of the Peace, abbr. CP; -- of the Privy Council,
             abbr. CPC

   Clermont Ferrand
             d‚p. Puy-de-D“me, France (hyphen)

   Cleveland county of England

   clevis/   U-shaped iron at end of beam for attaching tackle, pl.  -es

   clew      ball of thread; (naut., verb or noun) (to draw up) lower corner
             of sail. See also clue

   cl. gt.   (bookbinding) cloth gilt

   clich‚    (typ.), European term for a block or stereotype; a hackneyed
             phrase

   clicker   (typ.), former title of foreman of a companionship (q.v.)

   Clicquot (Veuve)
             a brand of champagne

   clientele clients collectively (no accent, not ital.)

   climacteric
             (noun or adj.), (pertaining to) a critical period; grand --, the
             age of 63

   climactic pertaining to a climax

   climatic  pertaining to climate

   clinch    to make fast a rope in a special way, to embrace, to settle
             conclusively; the action or result of these. See also clench

   Clinker (Humphry not -ey)
             by Smollett, 1771

   clinometer
             instrument for measuring slopes, not k-

   Clio      (Gr.), muse of history

   cliometrics
             (pl. used as sing.), statistical method of historical research

   cliqu/e, -ish, -ism, -y
             not -eish, -eism, -ey (not ital.)

   clish-ma-claver
             (Sc.), gossip (hyphens)

   Clitheroe Lancs.

   clitor/is (anat.), female organ; adj. -al

   clk.      clerk

   cll.      clauses

   Cllr.     Councillor

   Cloaca Maxima
             sewer of anc. Rome (caps.)

   cloche    (hort.), bell-glass or glass cover for plants; woman's
             close-fitting hat (not ital.)

   clock-face
             (hyphen)

   cloff     an allowance on commodities, not clough

   cloisonn‚ (Fr.), a kind of enamel

   close     (typ.), the second member of any pair of punctuation marks, as
             "]); pron. kloze

   close up  (typ.), to push together, to remove spacing-out leads; close
             matter, unleaded, or thinly spaced

   close-up  (noun)

   closure   a stopping, esp. of debate in Parliament; in Fr. f. cl“ture

   Clos Vougeot
             a burgundy

   clot-bur  (bot.), burdock, not clote-, cloth-

   clote     (bot.), burdock and similar burry plants, not ---bur

   cloth/    abbr. cl.; -- of Bruges, gold brocade

   Clotho    (Gr. myth.), the Fate that draws the thread of life

   cl“ture   (Fr. f.), closure

   clou      (Fr. m.), point of chief interest

   Cloud-cuckoo-land
             (hyphens, one cap.)

   cloudy    (meteor.), abbr. c.

   clough    a ravine

   clove hitch
             a knot (two words)

   clubbable sociable

   club-foot congenital disorder (hyphen)

   clubhouse (one word)

   clue      information to be followed up.  See also clew

   Cluniac   (monk or nun) of branch of Benedictine order stemming from
             Cluny, France

   Clwyd     river and county, N. Wales

   Clydebank Strathclyde, a town

   Clytemnestra
             wife of Agamemnon, not Clytae-

3.13 CM...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CM        Certified Master or Mistress, Chirurgiae Magister (Master of
             Surgery), (mus.) common metre, Corresponding Member, Member of
             the Order of Canada

   Cm        curium (no point)

   c.m.      causa mortis (by reason of death)

   cm.       centimetre(s) (but no point in scientific and technical work)

   Cmd.      Command paper (q.v.) (old series), with number following

   cmdg.     commanding

   Cmdr.     Commodore (naval)

   CMG       Companion of (the Order of) St Michael and St George

   Cmnd.     Command paper (q.v.) (new series), with number following

   CMP       Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police

   CMS       Church Missionary Society

3.14 CNAA...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CNAA      Council for National Academic Awards

   CND       Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

   Cnossus   Crete, use Knossos

   Cnut      more correct form of Canute, not Knut

3.15 CO...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CO        Colorado (off postal abbr.), Commanding Officer, conscientious
             objector, criminal offence, Crown Office

   Co        cobalt (no point)

   Co.       Colon, Company, County

   c/o       care of

   coad.     coadjutor

   coaetaneous
             use coe-

   coagul/um a clot; pl. -a

   Coalbrookdale
             Shropshire

   coal/-dust, -face
             (hyphens)

   coal/field, -man
             (one word)

   coal-mine (hyphen)

   coalmouse (ornith.), the coal titmouse, not cole-

   coal-pit  (hyphen)

   Coalville Leics.

   coastguard
             one man or the body of men (one word), abbr. CG

   coat of arms
             (three words)

   co-author noun and verb (hyphen)

   coaxial   (one word)

   cobalt    symbol Co

   Cobbe (Frances Power)
             1822-1904, British social writer

   coble     boat, not cobble

   Coblen/ce, -z
             W. Germany, use Koblenz

   COBOL     (Common Business Oriented Language), a computer-programming
             language; caps. or even s. caps.

   cobra de capello
             Indian snake, not da, di

   Coburg    Iowa, US; Saxe---, Germany, not -ourg, -urgh

   coca      S. Amer. shrub, source of cocaine

   Coca-Cola abbr. Coke, carbonated soft drink from cola nut and cacao
             (propr. terms)

   Cocagne   use Cockaigne

   cocaine   not -ain; pop. abbr. coke

   cocco     (bot.), Jamaica plant tuber, not cocoa, coco

   coccy/x   (anat.), end of spinal column; pl. -ges

   Cochin-China
             formerly part of Fr.  Indo-China, now of Vietnam (hyphen)

   cochle/a  the ear cavity; pl. -ae

   cochon de lait
             (Fr. m.), sucking pig

   Cockaigne London, not Cocagne, Cockayne

   cock-a-leekie
             (Sc.), soup, not cockie-leekie, cocky-leeky

   cockatiel small crested Australian parrot, not -teel

   cockatoo/ large crested Australian parrot; pl. -s

   cockatrice
             fabulous serpent

   Cockcroft (Sir John Douglas)
             1897-1967, British nuclear scientist

   Cocker (Edward)
             1631-75, reputed author of Arithmetic; "according to Cocker",
             accurate

   cockney   native of E. London (not cap.)

   cockscomb a plant. See also coxcomb

   cockswain use coxswain

   Cocles (Horatius)
             who kept the Sublician Bridge

   coco      trop. palm-tree bearing coconut. See also cacao, cocco

   coconut   not cokernut

   Cocos Islands (Keeling Islands)
             Bay of Bengal

   cocotte   small dish, (arch.) a prostitute

   Cocytus   a river in Hades

   COD       cash, or collect, on delivery

   COD       Concise Oxford Dictionary

   cod.      codex

   Code Napol‚on
             (Fr. m.), civil code promulgated 1804-11

   cod/ex    ancient MS, abbr. cod.; pl.  -ices, abbr. codd.

   codfish   (one word)

   codling   small cod, elongated apple

   cod-liver oil
             (one hyphen)

   Cody (William Frederick)
             1846-1917, "Buffalo Bill", US showman

   coed      coeducational, girl at coeducational school (no point)

   coeducation/, -al
             (one word)

   coefficient
             (one word)

   Coelebs in Search of a Wife
             by Hannah More, 1709

   Coelenterata
             a zool. phylum (not ital.)

   coeliac   abdominal, not ce-

   coenobite member of monastic community, not cen-

   coequal   (one word)

   coerulean use ce-

   coetaneous
             of the same age, not coae-

   coeternal (one word)

   Coeur de Lion
             Richard I of England, or Louis VIII of France (no hyphens)

   coeval    of the same age (one word)

   coexist/, -ence
             (one word)

   coextensive
             (one word)

   C. of E.  Church of England

   coffee bar
             (two words)

   coffee/-bean, -cup, -house, -pot
             (hyphens)

   coffer-dam
             a watertight enclosure

   cogito, ergo sum
             (Lat.), I think, and therefore I exist (motto of Descartes)

   cognate   abbr. cog.

   cogniz/e  to become conscious of, not -ise; -able, -ance, -ant

   cognoscent/e
             (It.), a connoisseur; pl. -i, not con-

   cognovit (actionem)
             (law), an acknowledgement that the action is just

   coheir/, -ess
             (one word)

   COHSE     Confederation of Health Service Employees

   COI       Central Office of Information

   COID      Council of Industrial Design, now Design Council

   coiff/eur (Fr. m.), -euse (f.), hairdresser; -ure (f.), head-dress,
             hair-style

   Coire     Grisons, Switzerland; use Chur

   coits     use quoits

   coke      pop. abbr. for cocaine

   Coke      abbr. for Coca Cola (propr.  term)

   Coke (Sir Edward)
             1552-1634, Lord Chief Justice of England

   cokernut  use coconut

   Col.      Colonel, Colossians

   col.      colonial, column

   cola      W. Afr. tree and its seed, not k-

   colander  a strainer, not colla-, culle-

   colcannon an Irish dish, not cale-, cole-

   cold composition
             (typ.) see hand-setting; (comp.) see strike-on

   Cold Harbor
             Va., US, scene of three Civil War battles

   Coldharbour
             Dorset, Glos., Surrey

   Cold Harbour
             Lincs., Oxon.

   cold/metal, -- type
             (typ.) sorts cast up for hand composition or correction; (comp.)
             see strike-on

   Coldstream/
             Borders, a town; -- Guards, not The Coldstreams, abbr.  CG

   cold war (the)
             (not caps.)

   colemouse use coalmouse

   Coleoptera
             (Zool.), the beetles

   cole-pixy use colt-pixie

   Colerain  NC, US

   Coleraine Co. Londonderry

   Coleridge (Hartley)
             1796-1849, English minor poet and critic, son of next; --
             (Samuel Taylor), 1772-1834, English poet and critic; -- (Sara,
             not -ah), 1802-52, English writer

   Coleridge-Taylor (Samuel)
             1875-1912, English composer

   coleslaw  salad of chopped cabbage (one word)

   Colette   pen-name of Sidonie Gabrielle Claudine Colette, 1873-1954,
             French writer

   colic/, -ky


   Coligny (Gaspard de)
             1519-72, French Huguenot leader

   Coliseum  London theatre. See also Coloss-

   coll.     colleague, collect/ed, -ion, -or, college

   collage   art composition with components pasted on to a surface

   collander use colander

   colla/ parte or -- voce
             (mus.), adapt to principal part or voice; abbr. col. p., or col.
             vo.

   collapsible
             not -able

   coll' arco
             (mus.), with the bow

   collar of SS
             see SS (collar of)

   collat.   collateral, -ly

   collat/e  (bind.) to check sequence of gathered sections; (typ.) to put
             the sheets of a book in right sequence; (bibliog.) to compare
             minutely two copies of same book, to provide information for
             such a comparison; -or, not -er

   colla voce
             see colla parte

   colleague abbr. coll.

   collect.  collectively

   collectable
             not -ible

   collectanea
             (Lat. pl.), collected notes

   collect/ion, -or
             abbr. coll.

   collections
             an Oxford college examination

   collective nouns
             see nouns (collective)

   colleen   (Anglo-Irish), a girl

   college   abbr. coll. (cap. when used as part of name)

   CollЉge de France
             (m.)

   College of Arms
             abbr. CA

   College of Justice
             (Sc.), supreme civil courts

   collegi/an
             a member of a college; -ate, belonging to a college

   collegi/um
             an ecclesiastical body uncontrolled by the State; pl. -a

   col legno (mus.), with the wood of the bow

   Colles fracture
             (med., of wrist)

   collie    a dog, not -y

   Collins   a letter of thanks for hospitality (from the character in Jane
             Austen's Pride and Prejudice)

   Collins (William) Sons & Co., Ltd.
             publishers

   collogue  to talk confidentially

   collop    a piece of meat

   colloq.   colloquial, -ly, -ism

   colloqui/um
             conference; pl. -a

   colloqu/y talk; pl. -ies; -ize, not -ise

   collotype (typ.), a planographic (q.v.) process used mainly for the finest
             reproduction work

   Colo.     Colorado, US

   Cologne   W. Germany, in Ger. K”ln

   Colombia (Republic of)
             S. America.  See also Colu-

   Colombo   cap. of Sri Lanka, not Colu-

   Colўn     Cent. Amer.; abbr. Co. See also Columbus

   colon     see punctuation IV

   Colonel/  abbr. Col.; -- Bogey (golf), the imaginary good player

   colonial  abbr. col.

   coloniz/e not -ise; -able, -ation

   colonnade row of columns

   colophon  (typ.), an inscription at the end of a book, giving the sort of
             details now usually found on the title-page; incorrect name for
             publisher's device or trade mark

   colophony rosin

   Colorado  off. abbr. Colo.

   coloration
             not colour-

   Colosseum Rome. See also Colis-

   Colossians
             abbr. Col.

   coloss/us pl. -i

   Colossus of Rhodes
             (cap.)

   colourant not colorant

   Coloured/ (S. Afr.), of Asian or mixed ancestry (adj.); -s, Cape Coloured
             people (cap.).

   colourist not colorist

   Colour-Sergeant
             not -jeant; abbr.  Col.-Sgt., Col.-Sergt.

   Colour (Trooping the)
             not Colours

   col. p.   (mus.), colla parte (adapt to principal part)

   colporteur
             hawker of books, esp.  bibles (not ital.)

   Colquhoun pron. ko-hoon (stress on second syllable)

   colt      abbr. c.

   colter    use cou-

   colt-pixie
             a mischievous fairy, not cole-pixy

   columbari/um
             a dovecot, place for cremation urns; pl. -a

   Columbia (British)
             Canada, abbr. BC

   Columbia (District of)
             US, abbr. DC (no points). See also Colo-

   columbium now called niobium

   Columbo   use Colombo

   Columbus (Christopher)
             1451-1506, Genoese navigator; in Sp. Cristўbal Colўn

   column    abbr. col.

   colure    (astr.), each of two great circles of the celestial sphere

   Colville of Culross (Viscount)


   col. vo.  (mus.), colla voce (adapt to principal voice)

   Com.      Commander, Communist

   com.      comedy, comic, commercial, commission, -er, committee, common,
             -er, -ly, commun/e, -ity, communicat/e, -ed, -ion

   com/a     (med.), stupor; pl. -as

   com/a     (astr.), nebulous envelope round head of comet, (bot.) tuft of
             hair; pl. -ae

   comb.     combin/e, -ed, -ing

   combat/, -ed, -ing, -ive


   Combermere (Viscount)


   combin/e, -ed, -ing
             abbr. comb.

   Comdr.    Commander

   Comdt.    Commandant

   come-at-able
             accessible (hyphens)

   Comecon   economic association of Communist countries

   Com‚die Fran‡aise (La)
             off. name of Le Th‚ѓtre Fran‡ais (caps.)

   Com‚die Humaine (La)
             series of novels by Balzac, 1842-8

   com‚dien/ (Fr.), actor; fem. -ne

   comedy    abbr. com.

   come/ prima
             (mus.), as at first; -- sopra, as above, abbr. co. sa.

   comfit/   sweetmeat, not con-

   comfrey   (bot.), ditch plant, not cum-

   comic     abbr. com.

   Comintern the Communist (Third) International, 1919-43, not Kom-

   comitadji band of irregulars (in the Balkans), not k-

   comitatus (Lat.), a retinue, a county or shire; pl. same

   comitia   (Lat. pl.), Roman assembly of the people

   Comitia   (pl.), a meeting of the Senate of Dublin University; --
             Aestivalia, ditto in summer; -- Hiemalia, ditto in winter; --
             Vernalia, ditto in spring

   comity of nations
             international courtesy

   comm.     (naval), Commodore

   comm.     commentary, commerce, commonwealth

   comma/    pl. -s; see punctuation II

   commandant
             abbr. Comdt.

   commandeer
             to seize for mil. or other service

   Commander/
             abbr. Cdr. (Admiralty), Com. or Comdr.; ---in-Chief (hyphens),
             abbr.  C.-in-C.

   commanding
             abbr. cmdg.;

   Commanding Officer
             abbr. CO

   commando/ (member of) body of troops, esp. shock troops; pl.  -s

   command paper
             abbr. C. (1870-99) or Cd. (1900-18) or Cmd. (1919-56) (old
             series); Cmnd. (1956- )  (new series), followed by number

   comme ci, comme ‡a
             (Fr.), indifferently, so-so

   commedia dell'arte
             Italian Renaissance comedy, mainly improvised by guild of
             professional actors

   comme il faut
             (Fr.), as it should be

   Commemoration
             at Oxford, annual ceremony in memory of founders and benefactors

   commencement
             ceremonial conferring of university degrees, as at Cambridge;
             (US) a speech-day

   commendam ecclesiastical benefice held in commendam, i.e. without duties

   commentary
             abbr. comm.

   commentator
             not -er

   commerce  abbr. comm.

   Commissary-General
             (hyphen); abbr.  CG

   commission/, -er
             abbr. com.

   commissionaire
             uniformed door-attendant (not ital.); in Fr. m.
             commissionnaire, less specific in meaning

   commit/, -ment, -table
             (not -ible), -tal, -ted, -ting committee, representative group
             from a larger body (coll. sing., with sing.  verb); abbr. com.
             See also committor

   committ/er
             one who commits; -or (law), a judge who commits a lunatic to the
             care of a committee (stress on final syllable)

   Commodore (naval), abbr. Cdre, Cmdr.  See also Air Commodore

   common/, -er, -ly
             abbr. com.

   Common Bench
             abbr. CB

   common metre
             (mus.), abbr. CM

   commonplace
             (adj.) (one word)

   Common Pleas
             abbr. CP

   common sense
             adj. with noun (hyphen when attrib.)

   commonsensical
             (adj.) (one word)

   Common Serjeant
             not -geant; abbr.  CS or Com.-Serj.

   common time
             (mus.), abbr. C

   Common Version
             (of the Bible); abbr.  CV or Com. Ver.

   commonwealth
             (cap. when part of name); abbr. comm.

   Commonwealth
             (Australian), abbr.  Cwlth

   commune   communal group (esp.  sharing accommodation), small territorial
             division (France and elsewhere); abbr. com.

   communicat/e, -ed, -ion
             abbr. com.

   communications satellite
             not -ation (two words)

   communiqu‚
             an official report

   Communist abbr. Com.; -- Party, abbr. CP

   communize to make common; not -ise

   commutator
             apparatus for reversing electric current

   commuter  one who travels regularly to work in a town

   Comor/o Islands
             Indian Ocean, indep. 1975, adj. -an

   comp.     comparative, comparison, compil/e, -ed, -er, -ation, compos/er,
             -ite, -ition, -itor, compounded

   compagnie (Fr. f.), company; abbr.  Cie

   compagnon de voyage
             (Fr. m.), travelling companion

   Companies Act
             (no apos.)

   companionship
             (typ.), former name of a group of compositors working together
             under a clicker (q.v.); abbr. 'ship

   company   abbr. Co., (mil.) Coy.  (point). See also compagnie

   comparative
             abbr. comp.

   compare   abbr. cf. (confer), or cp.

   comparison
             abbr. comp.

   compass   (typ.), the compound points, when printed in full, to be
             hyphened without caps., as north-east, north-by-north-east,
             north-north-east, north-east-by-north.  See also abbreviations,
             capitalization

   compendi/um
             pl. -a

   competit/or
             fem. -ress

   CompiЉgne d‚p. Oise, France

   compile, -ed, -er, -ation
             abbr.  comp.

   complacen/t
             self-satisfied; -cy

   complaisan/t
             obliging; -ce

   Compleat Angler (The)
             by Izaak Walton, 1653

   complement
             (verb and noun), to make complete, that which makes complete

   completorium
             (Lat.), compline; pl.  -a

   complexion
             not -ction

   compliment
             (verb and noun), (to) praise, flatter(y)

   compline  last service of the day (RCC), not complin

   composer, -ite, -ition, -itor
             abbr.  comp.

   compos mentis
             (Lat.), in one's right mind

   compote   stewed fruit

   compound, -ed
             abbr. comp.

   compound ranks or titles
             each word to have cap., as Assistant Adjutant-General,
             Vice-President

   comprehensible
             not -able

   comprise  not -ize; -ed, -ing

   compromise
             not -ize

   compte/   (Fr. m.), an account; -- rendu, official report, pl. comptes
             rendus

   "Comptes Rendus"
             reports of the French Academy (caps.)

   Compton-Burnett (Dame Ivy)
             1884-1969, English novelist (hyphen)

   comptroller
             retain when citing official title which has it, otherwise use
             controller

   Comptroller-General of the National Debt Office
             ditto of the Patent Office (caps., hyphen)

   computer  calculating and data-processing machine

   computerize
             not -ise

   Com.-Serj.
             Common Serjeant

   Comsomol  use K-

   Comte (Auguste)
             1798-1857, French philosopher; -ian, -ism, -ist

   comte     (Fr.), Count; fem. comtesse (not cap.)

   Con.      Consul

   con       to direct a ship's course, to examine, to swindle, not -nn, -un;
             -ning

   con.      conclusion, conics, conversation

   con.      contra (against, in opposition to)

   Conakry   Guinea

   con amore (It.), with affection (not ital. in mus.)

   con brio  (mus.), with vigour

   conc.     concentrat/ed, -ion

   concensus use conse-

   concentration camp
             (two words)

   Concepciўn
             name of many Cent. and S. American places (but not in Brazil)

   concert/-goer, -hall, -master
             (hyphens)

   Concert/meister, -stЃck
             (Ger. mus.), now Konzert- (cap.)

   Concertgebouw Orchestra
             Amsterdam

   concertin/o
             (mus.) pl. group of soloists, short concerto, pl. -os

   concerto/ (mus.), pl. -s (but concerti grossi); abbr. cto.

   concessionaire
             holder of a concession, usu. of a monopoly from a foreign
             government (not ital.), in Fr. m. concessionnaire

   conch/    a shell; pl. -s

   conch.    conchology

   conchy    see conscientious objector

   concierg/e
             (Fr. m.f.), house-porter, -portress; -erie (f., no accent),
             porter's lodge

   Conciergerie (La)
             former Paris prison

   conclusion
             abbr. con.

   Concord   Calif., Mass., NC, NH, US

   concordance
             index of words or phrases used in book or by author

   concordat an agreement (not ital.)

   Concorde  make of aircraft

   concours  (Fr. m.), a competition; -- d'‚l‚gance, parade of vehicles

   concur/, -red, -ring


   conde     (Sp. & Port.), a count, not -dee

   Cond‚, Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de ("The Great")
             1621-86, French general

   condensed type
             a narrow typeface

   condottier/e
             (It.), a captain of mercenaries; pl. -i

   conductor not -er; abbr. c.

   con espressione
             (mus.), with expression, not ex-; abbr. con esp.

   coney     use cony

   Coney Island
             NY, US

   conf.     conference

   confection/ery
             (noun), -ary (adj.)

   Confederacy
             (US hist.), the league of seceding states in the Civil War

   confer    (Lat.), compare; abbr. cf.

   conference
             abbr. conf.

   conf‚rence
             (Fr. f.), lecture

   confer/, -red, -ring, -rable, -rer
             but -ee, -ence, -ment

   Confessio Amantis
             by Gower, 1393

   confetti  bits of coloured paper, etc.

   confidant/
             a trusted friend, fem.  -e

   confr‚re  (Fr. m.), colleague (not ital.)

   Confucius 551-479 BC, Chinese sage

   con fuoco (mus.), with passion

   cong.     congregation, -al, -alist, -ist, congress, -ional

   cong‚/    (Fr. m.), leave; -- d'‚lire, leave to elect, not -- de lire

   Congo (Democratic Republic of)
             Cent. Africa, now Za‹re

   Congo (People's Republic of the)
             Cent. Africa, indep. 1960, formerly Fr. Middle Congo; adj.
             Congolese

   congou    a black tea, not -o, kongo

   congregation/, -al, -alist
             (cap. as relig. denomination); abbr. cong.

   Congresbury
             Avon

   Congress  India, the political party; US, the legislative body (cap.);
             spell out number, as fifty-fourth Congress, not 54th

   congress/, -ional
             abbr. C. or cong.

   conics    geometry of the cone and its sections; abbr. con.

   conjugation
             inflexions of a verb; abbr. conj.

   conjunction
             connection; abbr.  conj.; (astr.) apparent proximity of two
             heavenly bodies (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

   conjunctiv/a
             mucous membrane between eyelid and eyeball; pl. -ae (not ital.);
             -itis, inflammation of this

   conjuror  a magician; one bound by oath, not -er

   con moto  (mus.), with (more) rapid motion

   Conn.     Connecticut, US

   Conna     Co. Cork

   Connacht  province of Ireland

   Connah's Quay
             Clwyd

   connect/er
             one who connects; -or, that which connects

   Connecticut
             US; abbr. Conn. or (postal) CT

   connection
             not connexion

   connivance
             tacit assent, not -ence

   connoisseur
             well-informed judge in matters of taste (not ital.)

   conoscente
             use cogno-

   conquistador/
             a conqueror, esp. of Mexico and Peru; pl. -es

   Conrad (Joseph)
             real name Teodor Jўzef Konrad Korzeniowski, 1857-1924,
             Polish-English novelist, not K-

   cons.     consecrate(d), conservation, consonant, constable, constitution,
             -al

   Conscience (Hendrik)
             1812-83, Belgian novelist

   conscience' sake


   conscientious objector
             abbr. CO; (First World War colloq.) conchy

   consenescence
             general decay

   consensus not -census

   conservat/oire
             (Fr. m.); -orio (It., Port., Sp.); Konservatorium (Ger.  n.,
             cap.)

   consol.   consolidated

   console   (archit.) bracket; key-desk of an organ; cabinet for
             radio(gram), etc.

   Consolidated Annuities
             abbr.  Consols

   consomm‚  clear soup

   consonant abbr. cons.

   consonantize
             to make consonantal; not -ise

   con sordino
             (mus.), with a mute

   conspectus
             (Lat.), a general view (not ital.)

   con spirito
             (mus.), spiritedly

   constable abbr. c. or cons.

   Constance lake and town, Switzerland

   Constans  Roman emperor 337-50

   Constans  mythical King of Britain

   Constant (Benjamin;
             in full, Henri Benjamin Constant de Rebecque), 1767-1830, French
             Swiss political novelist; -- (Benjamin Jean Joseph), 1845-1902,
             French painter

   Constantino/ple
             now usu. Istanbul; -politan

   Constitution
             of a country (cap. C)

   constitution/, -al
             abbr. cons.

   construction
             abbr. constr.

   Consuelo  by George Sand, 1842

   Consul    abbr. C. or Con.; Lat. pl.  consules, abbr. coss.

   Consul-General
             abbr. C.-G.

   Consumers' Association
             abbr. CA

   consummat/e
             (verb), to perfect or complete; (adj.), perfect, complete; noun
             -ion

   consummatum est
             (Lat.), it is finished

   cont.     containing, contents, continent, continue, -d

   contadin/o
             Italian peasant, pl. -i; fem. -a, pl. -e

   contagi/um
             contagious matter; pl.  -a

   containing
             abbr. cont.

   contakion use kontakion

   contang/o (Stock Exchange), charge for carrying over; pl. -os

   conte     (Fr. m.), short story

   conte     (It. m.), a count

   contemptible
             not -able

   contents  abbr. cont.

   conterminous
             with a common end or boundary, not cot-

   Contes drolatiques
             by Balzac, 1832-7

   contessa  (It.), a countess

   Continent (the)
             (cap.); continent of Europe, etc. (not cap.); abbr.  cont.

   continu/e, -ed
             abbr. cont.

   continu/o (mus.), an improvised keyboard accompaniment; pl. -os

   continu/um
             (philos., phys.), a continuous quantity; pl. -a

   cont-line (naut.), spiral space between rope strands, space between stowed
             casks

   contr.    contract, -ed, -ion, -s, contrary

   contra    against, in opposition to; abbr. con.

   contrabasso
             (It. mus.), the double-bass, abbr. CB; in Eng. contrabass

   contract/, -ed, -ion, -s
             abbr.  contr.

   contracting-out
             (noun, hyphen)

   contractions
             see abbreviations

   contractor
             not -er

   contrafagotto
             (It. mus.), the double bassoon (one word)

   contra jus gentium
             (Lat.), against the law of nations

   contralt/o
             (mus.), lowest female voice; pl. -os; abbr. C.

   contra/ mundum
             (Lat.), against the world; -- pacem (law), against the peace

   contrariwise


   contrary  abbr. contr.

   Contrat social (Le)
             by J. J.  Rousseau, 1762

   contretemps
             a mishap (not ital.)

   contributor
             not -er

   control/, -led, -ling


   controller
             see comptroller

   Controller-General
             but Comptroller-General of the National Debt Office and of the
             Patent Office

   Controller of Accounts
             abbr. CA

   conundrum/
             riddle; pl. -s

   convector apparatus for heating by convection

   convenances (les)
             (Fr. f. pl.), the proprieties

   convener  caller of a meeting

   convention/, -al
             abbr. conv.

   conventionalize
             not -ise

   conversation
             abbr. con.

   conversazione/
             a meeting for learned conversation; pl. -s

   converter not -or

   convertible
             not -able

   convey/er (person); -or (thing) esp.  in conveyor belt

   Convocation
             a provincial assembly of the Church of England; a legislative
             assembly of certain universities

   convolvulus/
             flower; pl. -es

   Conwy     river and town, Gwynedd

   cony/     a rabbit, not coney, pl.  conies; ---garth, a rabbit-warren

   Conyngham (Marquess)


   Cooch Behar
             India, not Kuch

   cooee     (esp. Australian bush) call, not -ey, -hee, -ie

   Cook (Captain James)
             1728-79, British explorer; -- (Thomas), 1808-92, English travel
             agent

   cookie    (Sc.) a bun, (US) a small cake or biscuit, not -ey, -y

   coolabah  Austral. gum-tree, not -ibah

   coolie    (Ind., Chin.), native hired labourer, not -y

   Coomassie Ghana, use Kumasi

   Cooper (James Fenimore
             one n), 1789-1851, US novelist

   co-operat/e, -ion, -ive
             (hyphen), but uncooperative (no hyphen)

   Co-operative Society
             (hyphen)

   co-opt    (hyphen)

   co-ordinate
             (hyphen); but in math.  usu. coordinate; and uncoordinated

   Cop.      Copernican

   cop.      copper, copulative

   copaiba   (med.), a balsam from a S.  American tree, not -va

   coparcen/ary
             (law), joint heirship to an undivided property, not -ery; -er, a
             joint heir

   COPEC     Conference on Christian Politics, Economics, and Citizenship

   copeck    a hundredth of a rouble, not -ec, -ek, ko-; abbr. c.

   Copenhagen


   Copernican
             abbr. Cop.

   copier    not copyer

   copper    abbr. cop.; symbol Cu (cuprum)

   copperas  ferrous sulphate, green vitriol

   copperize to impregnate with copper, not -ise

   copro-    (in compounds), dung-, not k-

   Copt.     Coptic, liturgical language of Egyptian Christians

   copul/a   (gram., logic, anat., mus.), that which connects; pl. -ae

   copulative
             abbr. cop.

   copy      (typ.), matter to be reproduced in type. See also manuscript

   copy-book (hyphen)

   copyer    use -ier

   copyholder
             (typ.), (formerly) a proof-reader's assistant

   copy preparation
             see manuscript

   copyright notice
             the copyright symbol °, name of copyright-owner, and date of
             publication must appear (usu. on the verso of the title-page) in
             every copy of a book claiming copyright protection under the
             Universal Copyright Convention (q.v.). See also Berne Convention

   copy/-typist, -writer
             (hyphens)

   coq/      (Fr. m.), cock; -- au vin, chicken cooked in wine; -- de
             bruyЉre, black game

   coquet/   fem. -te, a flirt; -ry, -ting, -tish

   coquille  (Fr. typ. f.), a misprint

   Cor.      1 and 2 Corinthians

   cor.      corpus; (mus.) cornet, corno (horn); coroner

   coram     (Lat.), in presence of; -- judice (law), before a judge; --
             nobis, before us; -- paribus, before one's equals; -- populo,
             before the people

   Coran     use Koran

   cor anglais
             (mus.), instrument of oboe family

   coranto   use courante

   Corcyra   anc. name of Corfu

   Corday (Charlotte)
             1768-93, French revolutionist

   cordelier Franciscan friar, wearing knotted waist-cord

   cordillera/
             (Sp.), a mountain chain; pl. -s

   cordite   an explosive

   Cordoba   Spain and Argentina, not -va; in Sp. Cўrdoba

   cўrdoba   monetary unit of Nicaragua

   cordon bleu
             blue ribbon, a first-rate cook

   cordon sanitaire
             sanitary cordon (of men) to prevent spread of contagious disease

   cordwain  Spanish leather

   Corea/, -n
             use K-

   co-respondent
             in divorce case (hyphen)

   corf      coal-miner's basket, tub, or trolley; lobster-cage; pl. corves

   Corfe Castle
             Dorset, castle and village

   Corflambo the giant in Spenser's Faerie Queene

   Corfu     Gr. island, anc. name Corcyra, in mod. Gr. Kerkyra

   Corinthians, (First, Second, Epistle to the)
             abbr. 1 Cor., 2 Cor.

   Corn.     Cornish, Cornwall

   corncrake bird (one word)

   corne/a   the eyeball covering; pl.  -as

   Corneille (Pierre)
             1606-84, French playwright

   cornelian red quartz, not carnelian, -ion

   cornemuse French bagpipe

   corner-stone
             (hyphen)

   cornet    (mus.), abbr. cor.

   cornett/o (mus.), old woodwind instrument; pl. -i

   cornfield (one word)

   cornflour finely ground maize

   cornflower
             blue-flowered plant

   Corniche (La)
             coast road from Nice to Genoa; in It. La Cornice

   Cornish/  abbr. Corn.; -- gillyflower, a variety of apple

   Corn Laws (caps.)

   corn/o    (mus.), a horn, pl. -i; -o inglese (It.), cor anglais

   cornu/    (anat.), hornlike process; pl. -a

   Cornubia  (Lat.), Cornwall

   cornucopia/
             horn of plenty; pl. -s; adj. -n

   Cornwall  abbr. Corn.; in Fr. f.  Cornouailles

   coroll.   corollary, inference

   corolla/  (bot.), pl. -s

   coron/a   (archit., bot., anat., astr.), pl. -ae

   coroner   cap. as title; abbr. cor.

   coronis   mark of contraction (crasis) in Greek

   Corot (Jean Baptiste Camille)
             1796-1875, French painter

   Corporal  abbr. Cpl.

   corpor/al of the human body; -eal, physical, mortal, opp. to spiritual

   corporealize
             to materialize, not -ise

   corposant St Elmo's fire

   corps     sing. and pl.

   corps/ d'arm‚e
             (Fr. m.), army corps, -- de ballet, company of ballet-dancers;
             -- de bataille, central part of an army; -- d'‚lite, a picked
             body; -- des lettres (Fr. typ.), the body of the type; --
             diplomatique, diplomatic body

   corp/us   body; pl. -ora, abbr. cor.

   Corpus Christi
             festival of institution of the Eucharist, on the Thursday after
             Trinity Sunday

   Corpus Christi College
             Oxf. and Camb., abbr. CCC

   corpus delicti
             (law), the facts constituting an alleged offence

   corp/us lut/eum
             (physiol.), ovarian body; pl. -ora -ea

   corp/us vil/e
             worthless substance; pl. -ora -ia

   corr.     correct/ion, -ive, -or; correspond, -ence, -ent, -ing; corrupt,
             -ed

   corral    (noun and verb), pen (for) cattle (two rs)

   correcteur
             (Fr. typ. m.), corrector of the press

   correct/ion, -ive, -or
             abbr. corr.

   correction of proofs
             see proof-correction marks

   Correggio (Antonio Allegri da)
             1494-1534, Italian painter

   corregidor
             (Sp.), a magistrate

   correlate bring into relation

   correlative
             abbr. correl.

   correspond/, -ence, -ent, -ing
             abbr. corr.

   Corresponding Member
             abbr. CM or Corr. Mem.  CorrЉze, d‚p. France

   corrida   a bullfight (not ital.); corrida de toros (Sp.), a bullfight
             (itals.)

   corrigend/um
             thing to be corrected; pl. -a

   Corr./ Mem.
             Corresponding Member; -- Sec., Corresponding Secretary

   corroboree
             Australian aboriginal dance, not -bery, -borie, -bory

   corrupt/, -ed, -ion
             abbr. corr.

   corrupter not -or

   corset    close fitting inner bodice

   Corsica   abbr. Cors.; in Fr. f.  Corse

   corslet   (armour) cuirass; combined waistband and brassiЉre; not -elet

   corso     (It.), (horse-)race, street for it

   Corstorphine
             Edinburgh

   cort.     cortex

   cortЉge   (funeral) procession

   Cortes    the legislative assembly of Spain

   Cort‚s (Hernando)
             1485-1547, conqueror of Mexico

   cort/ex   bark; pl. -ices, abbr.  cort.

   Corunna   in Sp. La Coru¤a

   corv‚e    (Fr. f.), feudal forced labour, drudgery

   corvette  a small frigate

   Coryate (Thomas)
             ?1577-1617, English traveller

   corybant/ a Phrygian priest; pl.  -es (not ital.); adj. -ic, frenzied

   Corycian nymphs
             the Muses

   coryphae/us
             a chorus leader, not -eus; pl. -i

   coryph‚e  (Fr. m.), chief ballet-dancer

   COS       Chief of Staff

   Cos       Gr. island, not Kos; hence cos lettuce

   cos       (math.), cosine (no point)

   co. sa.   (mus.), come sopra, as above

   cosec     (math.), cosecant (no point)

   cosh      (math.), hyperbolic cosine (no point)

   cosh/ar, -er
             (Heb.), use kosher

   CosЌ fan tutte
             ("All women are like that"), opera by Mozart, 1790

   co-signatory
             (hyphen)

   cosine    (math., no hyphen), abbr. cos

   cosmogony, cosmography
             abbr.  cosmog.

   COSPAR    Committee on Space Research

   coss.     consules (consuls)

   cosseted  pampered, not -etted

   co-star   (hyphen)

   cotangent (math., no hyphen), abbr.  cot

   cote      (Fr. f.), market quotation, figure, mark, share

   c“te      (Fr. f.), hillside, shore

   c“t‚      (Fr. m.), side

   C“te d'Azure
             eastern Mediterranean coast of France

   C“te-d'Or d‚p. France

   c“telette (Fr. f.), a cutlet

   coterie   a "set" of persons (not ital.)

   coterminous
             use cont-

   C“te-r“tie
             (Fr. f.), a red wine

   c“tes de boeuf
             (Fr. f.), ribs of beef

   C“tes-du-Nord
             d‚p. France

   cotillion a dance; in Fr. m.  cotillon

   cottar    peasant, not -er

   cotter    pin, wedge, etc.

   Cotter's Saturday Night (The)
             by Burns, 1786

   Cottian Alps
             France and Italy

   cottier   a cottager

   cotton/   in Fr. m. coton; -tail (one word), American rabbit; -- wool (two
             words), raw cotton

   Cottonian Library
             in British Museum (British Library, Reference Division)

   cottonize to make cotton-like, not -ise

   couch     a kind of grass. See also cutch

   coud‚     (astr.), telescope with light-path bent at an angle

   Cou‚ism   psychotherapy by auto-suggestion (Emile Cou‚, 1857-1926)

   couldn't  to be printed close up

   couldst   (no apos.)

   coul‚     (mus.), a slur

   coul‚e    a lava-flow

   couleur   (Fr. f.), colour; -- de rose, roseate (figurative)

   coulisses (pl.), the wings in a theatre

   couloir   a gully

   Coulomb (Charles Augustin de)
             1736-1806, French physicist; coulomb (elec.), unit of charge,
             abbr. C

   coulter   a plough blade, not col-

   council/  assembly; -lor, member of a council, abbr. Cllr.

   council/ estate, -- flat, -- house
             (two words), properties owned by council; -house (hyphen), in
             which council meets

   counsel/  advice, barrister; -led, -ling; -lor, one who counsels

   count/    -ess (cap. as title); abbr.  Ct.

   countdown (noun, one word)

   counter   (typ.), space wholly or mainly enclosed within a letter, e.g.the
             centre of O

   counter/balance, -charge
             (one word)

   counter/-cheer, -claim
             (hyphens)

   counter-clockwise
             (one hyphen)

   counter-quarte
             (fencing) (hyphen), not -carte

   counter/-reformation
             (caps. with hist. reference); -revolution (hyphens)

   counter-tenor
             (mus.), abbr. C.

   Countesthorpe
             Leics.

   Counties palatine
             Cheshire and Lancs. (cap. C only)

   countrif/y,-ied
             not country-

   country/ dance, -- house
             (two words)

   countryside
             (one word)

   country-wide
             (hyphen)

   county    abbr. Co.

   County Council/, -lor
             abbr. CC

   County court
             (one cap.), abbr. CC

   coup      a stroke, esp. a political revolution

   Coupar Angus
             Tayside (no hyphen), not Cupar --

   coup/ de foudre
             (Fr. m.), stroke of lightning; -- de fouet (fencing), a "beat";
             -- de grѓce, a finishing stroke; -- de main, sudden attack to
             gain a position; -- de maЊtre, a master-stroke; -- de pied, a
             kick; -- de poing, blow with the fist, -- de soleil, sunstroke;
             -- d'essai, first attempt; -- d'‚tat, sudden or violent change
             in government; -- de theatre, sudden sensational act; -- d'oeil,
             a glance, wink

   coupe     a shallow dish

   coup‚     a covered motor car for two (accent, not ital.)

   coupee    in dancing, a salute to partner

   couper    (Sc.), a dealer

   Couperin (Fran‡ois)
             1688-1733, French composer

   coup manqu‚
             (Fr. m.), a failure

   courante  (music for) dance with gliding step, not coranto

   Cour de Cassation
             see Cassation

   courgette small marrow (not ital.)

   courier   travelling attendant, in Fr. m. courrier

   Court     abbr. C. or Ct.

   Courtauld Institute of Art
             London

   court bouillon
             (Fr. cook. m.), fish stock

   Courtelle propr. term for an acrylic fibre (cap.)

   Courtenay fam. name of Earl of Devon

   courtesan prostitute with wealthy clients

   court-house
             abbr. CH

   Courtmantle
             use Cu-

   court martial
             (noun, two words), pl.  courts --; court-martial (verb, hyphen)

   Court of/ Appeal
             abbr. CA; -- -- Common Pleas, abbr. CCP; -- -- Probate, abbr.
             CP; -- -- St James's (apos.); -- -- Session, abbr. CS

   Courtrai  Belgium, not -ay; in Fl., Kortrijk

   Courts of Justice
             (caps.)

   courtyard (one word)

   couscous  NW African dish of granulated flour steamed over broth. See also
             cuscus

   cousin-german
             not -aine, -ane; pl.  cousins-german

   co–te que co–te
             (Fr.), at any cost, not -- qui --

   Coutts & Co.
             bankers

   coutur/ier, -iЉre
             a dressmaker

   Covenanter
             (Sc. hist.)

   covenantor
             (law)

   Coventry: sig. of Bp. of Coventry (colon)

   Coverley (Sir Roger de)


   cover-up  (noun, hyphen)

   Cowling   Lancs., N. Yorks.

   Cowlinge  Suffolk

   Cowper (William)
             1731-1800, English poet

   cowrie    the shell, used as money in Africa and S. Asia, not -ry. See
             also kauri

   coxcomb   a fop. See also cocks-comb

   coxswain  (naut.), not cocks-; colloq. cox

   Coy.      (mil.), company

   coyote    N. American prairie wolf

   coypu     S. American aquatic rodent, source of nutria fur, not -ou

3.16 CP...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CP        Cape Province (of S. Africa), Central Provinces, now Madhya
             Pradesh (India), Chief Patriarch, Civil Power, --Procedure,
             Clarendon Press, Clerk of the Peace, Code of Procedure, College
             of Preceptors, Common Pleas, -- Prayer, Communist Party,
             Congregatio Passionis (Passionist Fathers), Court of Probate

   cp.       compare

   c.p.      candlepower, carriage paid

   CPC       Clerk of the Privy Council

   c.p./i.   characters per inch; --l., ditto per line; --m., ditto per
             minute; --s., ditto per second, cycles per second

   Cpl.      Corporal

   CPO       Chief Petty Officer, Compulsory Purchase Order

   CPR       Canadian Pacific Railway

   CPRE      Council for the Protection of Rural England

   CPS       Custos Privati Sigilli (Keeper of the Privy Seal)

   CPSA      Civil and Public Services Association

   CPSU      Communist Party of the Soviet Union

   CPU       (comp.), central processing unit

3.17 CR...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CR        Carolina Regina (Queen Caroline), Carolus Rex (King Charles),
             Civis Romanus (a Roman citizen), Community of the Resurrection,
             Custos Rotulorum (Keeper of the Rolls), credit rating, current
             rate

   Cr        chromium (no point)

   Cr.       credit, -or, Crown

   cr.       created

   Crabb (George)
             1778-1854, English philologist

   Crabbe (George),
             1754-1832, English poet

   Cracow    acceptable Anglicized spelling of Krakўw, Poland

   Craigton  Glasgow

   Crane (Harold Hart)
             1899-1932, US poet; -- (Stephen), 1871-1900, US novelist and
             poet

   cranes-bill
             plant of the genus Geranium, not cranesbill

   crani/um  skull; pl. -a

   crap/e    gauzelike fabric, usu.  black, for mourning; adj. -y. See also
             cr€pe

   crassa negligentia
             (law), criminal negligence

   crawfish  large marine lobster

   crayfish  freshwater crustacean

   CRC       camera-ready copy

   cream/-laid
             a writing paper with wire marks; ---wove, ditto without

   created   abbr. cr.

   Creation (the)
             (cap.)

   crЉche    a day nursery

   Cr‚cy (battle of)
             1346, not Cressy, Cr‚ci

   credit/, -or
             abbr. Cr.

   credit card
             (two words)

   cr‚dit/ foncier
             (Fr. m.), society for loans on real estate; -- mobilier, ditto
             on personal estate

   credo/    creed; pl. -s

   creese    use kris

   Crefeld   W. Germany, use Krefeld

   Creighton (Mandell)
             1843-1901, Bp.  and historian

   crematori/um
             pl. -a

   crЉme de la crЉme
             (Fr. f.), the very best, not cre-, cr€-

   Cremona   a violin made there (cap.)

   crenate   (bot.), notched (of leaves)

   crenellate(d)
             (mil.), furnish(ed) with battlements

   crenulate (bot.), finely notched

   Creole    (strict use, usu. cap.)  pure-blooded descendant of French,
             Spanish, Portuguese settlers in W.  Indies, Louisiana,
             Mauritius, Africa, and E. Indies; (loose use, not cap.), a Negro
             born in America; a Creole-Negro half-breed speaking a Spanish or
             French dialect; dialect thus imposed by a dominant group

   creosote  not kreosote

   cr€pe/    (Fr. m.), crape fabric other than black, (f.) pancake; -- de
             Chine, raw silk crepe; -- lisse, smooth crepe; -- Suzette, small
             pancake. See also crape

   crescendo/
             (mus.), growing in force; abbr. cres., cresc.; (non-techn.),
             gradually increasing noise; pl. -s

   Cressy    use Crecy

   cretaceous
             chalky, not -ious

   Cretan    of Crete

   cretin    type of mental defective; in Fr. m. cr‚tin, f. cr‚tine

   cretonne  a cotton cloth

   Creusot (Le)
             d‚p. Saone-et-Loire, France, not -zot

   crevasse  large fissure, esp. in the ice of a glacier

   CrЉvecoeur (Michel Guillaume Jean de)
             1735-1813, French-born US writer

   crЉve-coeur
             (Fr. m.), heart-break; pl. same

   crevette  (Fr. f.), prawn

   crevice   small fissure

   Criccieth Gwynedd

   Crichton (James)
             1560-?85, Scottish scholar and soldier, "the Admirable --"

   cricket/, -er, -ing


   cri de coeur
             (Fr. m.), passionate appeal

   crim. con.
             (law), criminal conversation, adultery

   crime passionnel
             (Fr. m.), crime caused by sexual passion (two ns)

   Crimplene propr. term for bulked Terylene (cap.)

   cring/e, -ing


   crinkum-crankum
             intricate, crooked, not -cum -cum

   cris/is   pl. -es

   crispbread
             thin rye etc. biscuit (one word)

   crit.     critic/al, -ized

   criteri/on
             standard of judgement; pl. -a

   criticaster
             a petty critic

   criticize not -ise

   critique  a review (not ital.)

   Critique of Pure Reason
             in German Kritik der reinen Vernunft, by Kant, 1781

   CRMP      Corps of Royal Military Police

   Croat     a native of Croatia; Serbo-Croat Hrvat

   crochet/  hooked-needle work; -ed, -ing

   Crockford in full Crockford's Clerical Directory, the "Who's Who" of the
             clergy, from 1858

   Crockford's
             London club

   crocus/   pl. -es

   Croesus   6th c. BC, rich king (and the last) of Lydia

   croissant crescent-shaped roll, not croisant

   Croix de Guerre
             French decoration

   Cro-Magnon
             (anthrop.), of a prehistoric race, remains found at --, d‚p.
             Dordogne, France

   Cromartie (Earl of)


   cromesquis
             (Fr. cook. m.), see kromesky

   Crome Yellow
             by Aldous Huxley, 1921

   Cronos    use K-

   Crookback sobriquet of Richard III, not Crouchback

   Crookes (Sir William)
             1832-1919, English physicist

   Croonian Lecture
             of Royal Society

   croquet/  game (not ital.); as verb, -ed, -ing

   croquette (Fr. f.), rissole (not ital.)

   crore     (Ind.), ten millions, point thus: 1,00,00,000. See also lakh

   crosette  use crossette

   crosier   Bp.'s or Abp.'s staff, not -zier

   croslet   use crosslet

   cross     (typ.), proof-correction sign for a battered sort

   crossbar  (one word)

   cross-bench(er)
             (Parl.) (hyphen)

   cross-bill
             (law), a promissory note given in exchange; a bill brought by
             defendant against plaintiff in a Chancery suit (hyphen)

   crossbill a passerine bird

   crossette (archit.), a ledge, not crose-

   Crossgates
             Cumbria, Fife, Powys, N.  Yorks.

   Cross Gates
             W. Yorks.

   Crosshill Fife, Strathclyde

   Cross Hill
             Derby., Shropshire

   Crosskeys Co. Antrim, Co. Cavan, Gwent

   Cross Keys
             Kent, Wilts.

   crosslet  (her.), small cross, not croslet

   cross, Maltese; Latin; Greek; Tau
             (See Figure 4 in topic FRONT_4)

   crossroad(s)
             (one word)

   cross/-section, -wind
             (hyphens)

   crossways not -way, -wise

   crossword (puzzle)

   crotchet/ a mus. note; a whim; -ed, -ing, -y

   Crouchback
             use Crookback

   croupier  gaming-table attendant

   cro–ton   (Fr. m.), a bit of crust or toast

   Crowland  Lincs., Suffolk, not Croy-

   Crown (the)
             (cap. C) abbr. Cr.

   crown     former size of paper, 15 x 20 in.; -- 4to, 10 x 7.5in.; -- 8vo,
             7.5 x 5in. (untrimmed); basis for size of metric crown, 768 x
             1008 mm. See also book sizes

   Crowner's quest
             dialectal for Coroner's inquest (cap. C only)

   Crown Office
             abbr. CO

   Crowther-Hunt (Baron)
             (hyphen)

   crozier   use cros-

   CRP       Calendarium Rotulorum Patentium (Calendar of the Patent Rolls)

   CRR       Curia Regis Roll

   CRT       cathode ray tube

   cru       (wine), growth (no accent)

   Crucifixion (the)
             (cap. C)

   Cruft's Dog Show
             not -s'

   Cruikshank (George)
             1792-1878, English caricaturist and illustrator

   crumhorn  use krummhorn

   cruse     a jar, not cruise

   crush bar (two words)

   crush-barrier
             (hyphen)

   Cruso     NC, US

   Crusoe (Robinson)
             by Defoe, 1719

   crux      of an argument; pl. cruces (not ital.)

   crux/ ansata; commissa; decussata; stellata
             (See Figure 4 in topic FRONT_4)

   cryogenics
             the study of low-temperature refrigeration

   cryptogam/
             (bot.), any member of the Cryptogamia, flowerless plants; adj.
             -ous

   crypto/gram
             anything written in code; -grapher, -graphic, -graphy

   crypton   (chem.), use k-

   cryptonym a private name

   crystal.  crystallography

   crystalliz/ation, -e
             not -is-; -ed, -ing

3.18 CS...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CS        Chemical Society (now part of Royal Society of Chemistry), Civil
             Service, Clerk to the Signet, College of Science, Common
             Serjeant, Court of Session, Custos Sigilli (Keeper of the Seal)

   Cs        caesium (no point)

   c/s       cycles per second

   Csar      etc., use Ts-

   csardas   Hungarian dance, pl. same, not cz-

   CSC       Civil Service Commission, Conspicuous Service Cross (now DSC)

   CSE       Certificate of Secondary Education

   CSI       Companion of the Order of the Star of India

   CSM       Company Sergeant-Major

   CSU       Civil Service Union

3.19 CT...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CT        Connecticut (off. postal abbr.)

   Ct.       Count, Court

   ct.       cent

   CTC       Cyclists' Touring Club

   Ctesiphon city of anc. Mesopotamia

   ctl.      central, -s

   cto.      (mus.), concerto

   cts.      centimes, cents

3.20 CU...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   CU        Cambridge University

   Cu        cuprum (copper) (no point)

   cu.       cubic

   cube root (two words)

   cubic/    abbr. c., cu., or cub.

   cubicul/um
             (archaeol.), burial-chamber; pl. -a

   cudgel/, -led, -ling


   CUDS      Cambridge University Dramatic Society

   cue/, -ing.
             See also queue

   Cufic     use Kufic

   cui bono? (Lat.), who gains by it?

   cuidad    use ciudad

   Cuillins  mountains in Skye

   cuirass/  body armour; -ier, soldier wearing it

   cuisine   cookery (not ital.)

   culch     oyster spawn, not cultch

   cul-de-sac
             a blind alley, a trap, pl. culs-de-sac

   cul/ex    a gnat; pl. -ices

   cullender use colan-

   Cullinan  famous diamond

   Culpeper  Va., US, from Governor -- (Thomas, Lord), 1578-1662

   cultivar  (bot.), variety made by cultivation, abbr. cv.

   CUM       Cambridge University Mission

   cum       (Lat.), with (not ital.)

   Cumaean   of Cumae, near Naples

   Cumbernauld
             Strathclyde, "new town", 1956

   Cumbria   county of England

   cum dividend
             with dividend; abbr.  c.d.

   cumfrey   use co-

   cum grano salis
             (Lat.), with a grain of salt

   cumin     plant with aromatic seeds, not cummin

   cummerbund
             a waistbelt, not ku-, -band

   Cummings (Edward Estlin)
             1894-1962, US poet who renounced use of capital letters

   cum multis aliis
             (Lat.), with many others

   cum. pref.
             cumulative preference

   cumquat   use k-

   cumul/us  (meteor.), a cloud form; pl. -i; abbr. k.

   cuneiform wedge-shaped, not cunif-, cunef-

   Cunninghame Graham (Robert Bontine)
             1852-1936, British writer

   CUP       Cambridge University Press

   Cupar/    Fife; -- Angus, Tayside, use Coupar Angus

   cupbearer (one word)

   cupro-nickel
             alloy of copper and nickel

   cuprum    copper, symbol Cu

   cur.      currency, current

   curable   not -eable

   cura‡ao   liqueur, not -oa

   curare    a drug, not -a, -i, urari

   curb      for verb, and curb of bridle.  See also kerb

   curbstone use kerb-

   cur‚      French priest; petit --, French curate

   cure-all  a universal remedy (hyphen)

   curfuffle use ker-

   Curia/    the papal court (cap.); -- advisare vult, the court desires to
             consider; abbr. c.a.v.

   Curie (Marie Sklodowska)
             1867-1934, and her husband -- (Pierre), 1859-1906, French
             scientists

   curie     unit of radioactivity, abbr.  Ci (cap.); now replaced by
             becquerel

   curio/    an object of art; pl. -s (not ital.)

   curium    symbol Cm

   curlicue  a decorative curl, not -eque, -ycue

   currach   a coracle, not -agh

   Curragh (The)
             Co. Kildare

   curren/t, -cy
             abbr. cur.; electric current, symbol I or i (ital.)

   currente calamo
             (Lat.), easily, fluently

   curricul/um
             course of study, pl.  -a; -um vitae, summary of a career, pl. -a
             vitae; abbr. c.v.

   Currie    Lothian

   Curry     Co. Sligo

   cursor    (comp.), movable spot of light on VDU (q.v.) screen, indicating
             item being edited

   curtain-raiser
             (theat.), Fr. lever de rideau

   Curtiss (Glenn Hammond)
             1878-1930, US pioneer aviator

   Curtmantle
             sobriquet of Henry II, not Cou-

   curtsy/   not -sey; -ing

   curvilinear
             (one word)

   Curwen (John)
             1816-80, pioneer of tonic sol-fa

   cuscus/   a marsupial; ---grass, of India. See also couscous

   custodia legis
             (Lat.), in the custody of the law

   custom-house
             (hyphen); abbr. CH

   cust/os   (Lat. m.), a custodian, pl.  -odes; Custos/ Privati Sigilli,
             Keeper of the Privy Seal, abbr.  CPS; -- Rotulorum, Keeper of
             the Rolls, abbr. CR; -- Sigilli, ditto Seal, abbr. CS

   cut and dried
             (adj., no hyphens)

   cut-back  (noun, hyphen)

   Cutch     India, use K-

   cutch     catechu, extract of Indian plants, tough paper sheets used by
             gold-beaters, not k-. See also couch

   cut/-off -out
             (nouns), -price (adj.)  (hyphens)

   cuts      (typ.), illustrations

   Cutty Sark
             famous clipper, now in dry dock at Greenwich

   cutty-stool
             stool of repentance

   cuv‚e     a vatful, or sort, of wine

   Cuyp      Dutch artists, not K-

3.21 cv....
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   cv.       (bot.), cultivar

   c.v.      curriculum vitae

   CVO       Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

3.22 Cwlth...
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   Cwlth     (no point), Commonwealth (Australian)

   Cwmbran   Gwent, "new town", 1949

   Cwmcarn   Gwent

   CWS       Co-operative Wholesale Society

   cwt.      hundredweight (but no point in scientific and technical work)

3.23 cybernetics...
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   cybernetics
             study of communication processes in animals and machines

   cyc.      cyclopaed/ia, -ic

   Cycle of the Saros
             (astr.), 6,585.5 days

   cyclopaed/ia, -ic;
             but use -ped- in quoting titles using that form; abbr. cyc.

   Cyclop/s  a giant with one eye; pl.  -es; adj. -ean

   cyclotron apparatus for accelerating particles, used in nuclear
             disintegration, artificial radioactivity, etc.

   cyder     use cider

   Cym.      Cymric

   cyma      (archit.), a moulding of the cornice

   cymbalist a cymbal-player. See cembalist

   cymbal/o  a dulcimer, pl. -os

   cymbiform boat-shaped, not cymbae-

   Cymmrodorion (Honourable Society of)
             (two ms)

   Cymric    Welsh, not K-

   Cymru     Wales

   Cymry     the Welsh nation

   CYMS      Catholic Young Men's Society

   Cynewulf  eighth century, Anglo-Saxon poet

   cynocephalus
             a dog-headed creature

   Cynthia   the moon

   Cynthius  epithet of Apollo

   cypher    use cipher

   cy pres   (law), as near as possible to a testator's intentions

   Cyprian   of Cyprus; --, in Lat.  Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus, c.200-58,
             Christian writer and martyr

   Cypriot   inhabitant or language of Cyprus

   Cyprus    independent republic 1960

   Cyrenaic  pertaining to Cyrene or its school of philosophy

   Cyrillic  (pertaining to) the alphabet used by Slavonic peoples of the
             Eastern Church (two ls)

   cyst/     (biol.), sac; -ic; not ci-

   Cytherean pertaining to Aphrodite, not -ian

3.24 CZ...
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   CZ        Canal Zone (Panama)

   Czar      etc., use Ts-

   cz rd s   use cs-

   Czech     native or language of Bohemia

   Czechoslovak
             not -ian, (person) belonging to Czechoslovakia

   Czerny (Karl)
             1791-1857, Austrian composer

4.0 D
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4.1 D...
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   D         500, deuterium (= heavy hydrogen), the fourth in a series

   D.        Deputy, (US) Democrat, Duke, Deus (God), Dominus (Lord), prefix
             to enumeration of Schubert's works (see Deutsch)

   d         (prefix) deci-

   d.        date, daughter, day, dead, degree, departs, desert/ed, -er,
             died, dime, dioptre, dose, (Fr.)  douane (customs), droite (the
             right hand), (it.) destra (right), (Lat.)  decretum (a decree),
             denarii (pence), denarius (penny), (meteor.) drizzling

   d'        as prefix to an un-Anglicized proper name should, in accordance
             with continental practice, be lower case and not cap., as
             d'Arsonval, except at beginning of sentence.  Signatures to be
             copied. See also accents

4.2 DA...
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   DA        deposit account, (US) District Attorney

   Da.       Danish

   da        (prefix) deca-

   DAB       Dictionary of American Biography

   da/ ballo (mus.), dance style; -- capo, or -- capo al fine, repeat to the
             word fine, abbr. DC; -- capo dal segno, repeat from the sign,
             abbr. DS; -- capella, or -- chiesa, in church style

   Dacca     use Dhaka

   d'accord  (Fr.), I agree

   Dachau    Nazi concentration camp, 1933-45

   dachshund badger-dog

   dacoit    Indian robber, not dak-, dec-

   dactyl/   foot of three syllables, adj. -ic (See Figure 1 in
             topic FRONT_4)

   Dada/     unconventional art c.1920; -ism

   daddy-long-legs
             the crane-fly (hyphens)

   dado/     wooden skirting; pl. -s

   Daedalus  builder of the Cretan labyrinth

   daemon    (Gr. myth.), supernatural being, indwelling spirit, not daimon,
             demon

   daffadowndilly
             a daffodil, not daffi-, daffo-, daffy- (one word)

   Dagapur   Ethiopia

   dagger, double --
             See reference marks (See Figure 5 in topic FRONT_4) The dagger
             in Eng. before, in Ger. after, a person's name, signifies "dead"
             or "died"

   daggle-tail
             use draggle-

   dago/     Spaniard, Portuguese, or Italian (derog.), pl. -s

   Dagonet, Sir
             King Arthur's fool

   Daguerre (Louis Jacques Mand‚)
             1789-1851, French pioneer of photography

   daguerreotype
             (not cap.)

   dahabeeyah
             Nile sailing-boat

   Dahomey   W. Africa, now Benin

   D il ђireann
             Lower House of Irish Parliament

   d'ailleurs
             (Fr.), besides

   daimio/   Japanese noble; pl. -s

   Daimler   motor car

   daiquiri  a cocktail

   dais      small platform, not da‹s

   dakoit    use dac-

   Dakota (North and South)
             off.  abbrs. N. Dak. or ND, S. Dak. or SD

   Dalai Lama
             the Grand Lama of Tibet

   Dali      (Salvador), 1904-89, Spanish painter

   Dalila    see Delilah

   Dallapiccola (Luigi)
             1904-75, Italian composer

   Dalmatian spotted dog, not -ion

   dal segno (It. mus.), repeat from the sign, abbr. DS

   damageable
             not -gable

   Damara/, -land
             SW Africa

   damascen/e, -er
             ornament(er) in metal, not -keen, -kin

   Dame aux Camelias (La)
             play by Dumas fils, 1848

   Damien de Veuster (Joseph)
             1840-89, Belgian priest to leper colony in Hawaiian Islands,
             "Father Damien"

   damnosa hereditas
             (Lat.), a legacy involving loss

   damnum absque injuria
             (Lat.), damage without wrong

   Damon and Pythias
             (Gr. myth.), model friends

   Dan.      (Book of) Daniel

   Dan/a‰    mother of Perseus, also asteroid; Danaea, fern genus; -a‹d, dau.
             of Danaus; -aus, son of Belus

   Dandie Dinmont
             breed of Scottish terrier, from Andrew Dinmont, farmer in
             Scott's Guy Mannering

   dandruff  scurf, not -riff

   Danegeld  land-tax, not -lt

   Daniel (Book of)
             abbr. Dan.

   Daniell's battery
             (elec.), usu.  called a Daniell cell

   Danish/   abbr. Da.

   danke sh”n
             (Ger.), many thanks

   Dannebrog Danish national standard, also order of knighthood, not Dane-

   d'Annunzio (Gabriele)
             1864-1938, Italian writer

   danse macabre
             (Fr. f.), dance of death

   danseuse  (Fr. f.), a female dancer

   Dant/e Alighieri
             1265-1321, Italian poet; -ean, -esque, -ist (caps)

   Danzig    Baltic free port

   daou      use dhow

   DAR       daughters of the American revolution

   d'Arblay (Mme)
             1752-1840, the English novelist Fanny Burney

   Darby and Joan
             devoted old married couple

   d'Arc (Jeanne)
             Joan of Arc, 1412-31

   Darcy de Knayth (Baroness)


   daredevil (one word)

   daren't   to be printed close up

   dare say  (two words)

   Dar es Salaam
             cap. of Tanzania (no hyphens)

   Darjeeling
             not Darji-

   Dark Ages (the)
             (caps.)

   dark-room (hyphen)

   darshan   (Hindi), seeing a revered person

   Darwen    Lancs., not Over --

   Darwin/ (Charles Robert)
             1809-82, author of Origin of Species; -- (Erasmus), 1731-1802,
             English physician and poet, grandfather of Charles; -ian, -ism,
             -ist

   das       (Ger.), the (neut. sing.  nominative and accusative); also that.
             See also das heisst

   dash      see punctuation XII

   dashboard (one word)

   das/ heisst
             (Ger.) that is to say, abbr. d.h.; -- ist, that is, abbr.  d.i.

   dass      (Ger.), that (conjunction)

   dat.      dative

   data      see datum

   data/bank, -base
             (one word)

   datable   capable of being dated, not -eable

   data processing
             (hyphen when attrib.)

   date      abbr. d. The order is day, month, year, as 5 June 1903; in Fr.
             le 5 juin 1903; in Ger. den 5. Juni 1903. Names of days and
             months generally in full, but may be abbreviated in footnotes.
             All-figure form in Britain 5.6.03; in US 6.5.03 (month first),
             international dating system (see BS 4795) is year, month, day,
             e.g.  1971-04-20. No comma in four-figure years, but 10,000 BC,
             etc. For periods use least number of figures, as 1904-7, 1920-1,
             1926-8; but 1890-1905, 1913-15, and always in full in display
             matter

   date-line (hyphen)

   dative    indirect object; abbr. dat.

   dat/um    thing known or granted, pl.  -a

   daube     braised meat stew

   Daudet (Alphonse)
             1840-97, French novelist; -- (L‚on), 1867-1942, French writer
             and politician

   daughter/ abbr. d. or dau.; ---in- law, pl. daughters-in-law (hyphens)

   d'Aumale (duc)


   Daumier (Honor‚)
             1808-79, French painter

   Dauntsey's School
             Devizes

   dauphin   eldest son of King of France, 1349-1830; dauphiness, his wife,
             in Fr. dauphine

   Dauphin‚  region of SE France

   Dav.      David

   Davenant (Sir William)
             1606-68, English playwright and poet, Poet Laureate 1660-8

   Davies (Sir Henry Walford)
             1869-1941, musician; -- (William Henry), 1871-1940, poet

   da Vinci (Leonardo)
             see Leonardo da Vinci

   Davis     (Jefferson), 1808-89, Pres.  Confederate States

   Davis/    apparatus, for escape from submarine; -- Cup, tennis trophy

   Davy      (Sir Humphry), not -ey, -ey, 1778-1829, English chemist,
             inventor of Davy lamp

   Davy Jones's locker
             the sea-bed

   Dawley    Shropshire

   day       abbr. d.; (typ.), of the week, and of fasts, feasts, festivals,
             holidays, to have initial caps.  Abbr., when necessary, Sun.,
             Mon., Tue., Wed., Thur., Fri., Sat. In Fr. the names do not take
             caps., as lundi

   Dayak     use Dyak

   day-bed   (hyphen)

   daybook   (one word); abbr. d.b.

   daybreak  (one word)

   day-dream (hyphen)

   Day-Lewis see Lewis

   daylight  (one word)

   day/-long, -room
             (hyphens)

   day nursery
             (two words)

   day's journey
             (Heb.), 16.95 miles

   day/time, -work
             (one word)

   Dayton    Ohio, US

   Daytona Beach
             Fla., US

4.3 DB...
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   DB        Domesday Book

   dB        decibel (no point)

   d.b.      daybook, double bed, double-breasted

   DBE       Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire

   dbk.      drawback

   dbl.      double

4.4 DC...
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   DC        600, deputy-consul, District of Columbia (US), (mus.) da capo
             (from the beginning)

   d.c.      direct current (elec.)

   D.Ch.     Doctor of Surgery

   DCL       Doctor of Civil Law

   DCM       Distinguished Conduct Medal

   DCMG      Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

   DCVO      Dame Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

4.5 DD...
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   DD        direct debit, Divinitatis Doctor (doctor of Divinity)

   D.d.      Deo dedit (gave to God)

   dd        in Welsh, a separate letter, not to be divided

   dd.       delivered

   d.d.      dono dedit (gave as a gift)

   DDA       Dangerous Drugs Act

   D-Day     6 June 1944

   DDD       dat, dicat, dedicat (gives, devotes, and dedicates); dono dedit
             dedicavit (gave and consecrated as a gift)

   DDR       (Ger.), Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic
             Republic)

   DDS       Doctor of Dental Surgery

   DDT       dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (an insecticide)

4.6 DE...
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   DE        Delaware (off. postal abbr.), Department of Employment

   de        as prefix to a proper name, in accordance with continental
             practice, should not have initial cap., as de Candolle; except
             when Anglicized, as De Vinne, or at beginning of sentence.
             Signatures to be copied

   deaconate use diac-

   dead      abbr. d.

   dead heat (noun), dead-heat (verb)

   Dead Letter Office
             now Returned ditto; dead/line, -lock (one word); -- reckoning
             (naut.), abbr. DR; -- reprint (typ.), a reprint with no
             correction; -- weight, abbr. d.w.

   dean      wooded valley, use dene

   Dean of Faculty
             (Sc.), (not of the), president of the Faculty of Advocates;
             abbr. DF

   Dear/ Madam, -- Sir
             in printed letter full left (comma, no dash)

   deasil    (Sc.), clockwise, opp. to withershins

   deathbed  (one word)

   death/ -rate, -roll, -trap, -warrant, -watch beetle
             (hyphens)

   deb       colloq. for d‚butante (no point)

   deb.      debenture

   d‚bѓcle   a downfall

   debarkation
             disembarkation

   debatable not -eable

   debauchee a libertine

   debenture/
             abbr. deb.; ---holder (hyphen)

   debonair  gaily elegant, not -aire; in Fr. d‚bonnaire

   Debrett (Peerage)


   debris    ruins (no accent); in Fr. m.  d‚bris

   d‚but/, -ant
             fem. -ante (not ital.). See also deb

   Dec.      Decani, December, (archit.)  Decorated

   dec.      deceased, declaration, declared, declension, declination,
             decorative

   dec.      (mus.) decrescendo

   d‚c.      (Fr.), d‚c‚d/‚, fem. -‚e (deceased), d‚cembre (not cap.)
             (December)

   deca-     prefix meaning ten, abbr. da

   Decalogue the Ten Commandments

   Decameron (The)
             by Boccaccio, 1352

   Decan     India, use Decc-

   Decani    dean's or south side of a choir (north side in Durham
             Cathedral), abbr. Dec.; opp. to Cantoris

   decanter  bottle to hold decanted liquor

   Deccan    India, not Decan

   deceased  abbr. dec.

   d‚c‚d/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, deceased; abbr. d‚c.

   December  abbr. Dec.; in Fr. m.  d‚cembre, abbr. d‚c. (not cap.)

   decenni/um
             a decade; pl. -a

   decentralize
             not -ise

   decern    (Sc. law), to judge. See also discern

   deci-     prefix meaning one-tenth, abbr. d

   decibar   one-tenth of a bar, q.v.

   decibel   unit for comparing intensity of noises, power, etc.; abbr. dB

   Decies (Baron)


   decigram  not -mme, abbr. dg (no point in scientific and technical work)

   decilitre abbr. dl (no point in scientific and technical work)

   decimal currency
             (British, as from 15 February 1971). For amounts less than a
             pound express as (new) pence: 54p (roman, no point); for amounts
             of one pound or more express as pounds and decimal fractions of
             a pound (point in medial position, omitting p); the (new)
             halfpenny should be expressed as a fraction

   decimal fractions.
             No decimal can be plural, or take verb in pl., however many
             numerals it contains; (typ.) print in numerals. The decimal
             point should be on the line, as 1.5, except in decimal currency.
             In languages other than English, a decimal comma is often used
             (1,5)

   decimalize
             not -ise. But Decimal Currency Board used -ise, -isation

   decimal point
             (two words)

   decimator one who decimates, takes every tenth part or man, not -er

   decimetre one-tenth of a metre, 3.937 in., not -er; abbr. dm (no point in
             scientific and technical work)

   decimo-octavo
             (typ.), 18mo (not ital.); see eighteenmo

   deckle edge
             ragged edge of hand-made paper, not -el

   declar/ation, -ed
             abbr. dec.

   Declaration of Independence
             US, 4 July 1776

   d‚class/‚ (Fr.), fem. -‚e, who has fallen to an inferior status

   declension
             (gram.), system of case-endings; abbr. dec.

   declinable
             not -eable

   declination
             (astr.), angular distance from the celestial equator; abbr. dec.

   decoit    use dac-

   decollate to behead; Decollation of St John the Baptist, 29 August

   d‚collet/age
             (Fr. m.), (wearing of) low neck of dress; -‚, fem. -‚e, with
             low-necked dress

   decolorize
             not -ise

   decolour  to render colourless

   d‚cor     stage or room furnishings and fittings

   decorat/e, -or


   Decoration Day
             (US), usu. last Mon.  in May

   decorative
             abbr. dec.

   decorum   propriety of conduct

   decree nisi
             (law), the first stage in the dissolution of a marriage

   decrepit  decayed, not -id

   decrescendo/
             (mus.), decreasing in loudness; abbr. dec. or decres.; as noun,
             pl. -s

   decret/um (Lat.), a decree; pl. -a; abbr. d.

   Dedlock (Sir Leicester and Lady)
             in Dickens's Bleak House

   deducible able to be inferred, not -cable

   deductible
             able to be subtracted, not -able

   deemster  a judge (Isle of Man), not dempster

   de-escalate
             (hyphen)

   def.      defective, defendant, deferred (shares), defined, definite,
             definition, defunct

   de facto  (Lat.), in actual fact

   defecat/e, -or
             not defae-

   defective abbr. def.

   defector  not -er

   defence   not -se (except US)

   defendant abbr. def.

   d‚fense/ d'afficher
             (Fr.), stick no bills; -- d'entrer, no admittance; -- de fumer,
             no smoking

   defensible
             not -ceable, -sable

   defensor fidei
             (Lat.), Defender of the Faith; abbr. DF

   defer/,-ence, -rable, -red, -rer
             -ring

   deferred  (shares), abbr. def.

   de fide   (Lat.), authentic, to be believed as part of the (Christian)
             faith

   definable not -eable

   defin/ed, -ite, -ition;
             abbr. def.

   definite article
             see the

   deflate   to remove air, to reverse economic inflation

   defle/ct  to bend downwards; -xion, correct, but -ction is increasingly
             common, and usual in US

   Defoe (Daniel)
             1661-1731, English writer, not de Foe

   defunct   abbr. def.

   deg.      degree(s)

   d‚gag/‚   (Fr. m.), fem. -‚e, unconstrained

   Degas (Hilaire Germain Edgar)
             1834-1917, French painter (no accent)

   de Gaulle (General Charles Andr‚ Joseph Marie)
             1890-1970, French President 1944-5, 1959-69

   degauss/, -ing
             anti-magnetic-mine device or method

   degradable
             not -eable

   degree    1/360th part of circle; -- of latitude, 69 statute or 60 geog.
             miles; abbr. d. or deg.

   degrees of/ inclination
             (typ.), to be in words, as "an angle of forty-five degrees",
             except in scientific and technical work; -- -- temperature, to
             be in figures

   d‚gringolade
             (Fr. f.), rapid deterioration

   de/ haut en bas
             (Fr.), contemptuously; -- haute lutte, with a high hand

   De‹aneira wife of Hercules; also an asteroid

   de-ice    (hyphen)

   Dei/ gratia
             (Lat.), by the grace of God; abbr. DG; -- judicium, the
             judgement of God (see also Deo)

   Deity (the)
             see capitalization

   d‚j… vu   (Fr.), seen before

   d‚jeuner/ (Fr. m.), breakfast or lunch; petit --, coffee and rolls on
             rising; -- … la fourchette, meat breakfast, early lunch

   de jure   (Lat.), by right

   Dekker (Thomas)
             c.1570-1640, English playwright

   Del.      Delaware (off. abbr.)

   del.      delegate, delete

   del.      delineavit (drew this)

   Delacroix (Ferdinand Victor EugЉne)
             1799-1863, French painter

   de la Mare (Walter)
             1873-1956, English poet

   de la Ram‚e (Louise)
             pseud. Ouida

   De la Roche (Mazo)
             1885-1961, Canadian novelist

   Delaroche (Paul)
             1797-1856, French painter

   Delaware  off. abbr. Del. or (postal) DE

   De La Warr (Earl)


   dele      (typ.), delete (proof-correction sign )

   deleatur  (Lat.), let it be deleted

   delegate  abbr. del.

   delenda   (Lat.), things to be deleted

   delft, delftware
             glazed earthenware made at Delft (formerly Delf) in Holland

   Delibes (L‚o)
             1836-91, French composer

   delicatesse
             delicacy (not ital.); in Fr. f. d‚licatesse

   delicatessen
             (Germanic pl. of above), prepared foods, shop or department
             selling them

   Delilah   (OT), but Dalila in Milton's Samson Agonistes

   delineable
             that can be delineated

   delineavit
             (Lat.), drew this; abbr.  del.

   delirium/ disordered state of mind, with hallucinations, pl. -s; --
             tremens, delirium with trembling induced by heavy drinking,
             abbr.  d.t., d.t.'s

   De L'Isle (Viscount)


   deliverer not -or

   Della Cruscan
             (noun and adj.), (member) of Florentine Accademia della Crusca,
             concerned with purity of Italian, sixteenth century; or of
             English poetical group in Florence, eighteenth century

   Della Robbia
             an enamelled terracotta invented by Luca della Robbia. See also
             Robbia

   Delphi    Greece, site of ancient oracle, in Gr. Delphoi

   de luxe   (Fr.), luxurious

   dem       (Ger.), to or for the (m. and neut. sing., dative)

   dem.      (typ.), demy

   demagog/ue, -y, -uery, -ic
             (of, action of) a leader of the people

   dem/ain   use -esne

   de mal en pis
             (Fr.), from bad to worse

   demarcate to mark the limits of, not -kate

   demarch   chief officer of anc. Attic deme; modern Greek mayor

   d‚marche  (Fr. f.), political procedure

   demean    to lower in dignity, to conduct (oneself)

   demeanour bearing towards another

   d‚menti   (Fr. m.), official denial

   dementia  mental enfeeblement (not ital.)

   demesne   a landed estate, not -ain

   demi/god, -john
             (one word)

   demilitarize
             not -ise

   demi/-monde
             (Fr. f.), prostitutes (ital., hyphen); ---pension, accommodation
             with one main meal per day; ---saison, spring or autumn fabric

   demise    death; to bequeath, not -ize

   demitasse small coffee-cup; in Fr.  f. demi-tasse

   demo/     colloq. for demonstration, pl. -s

   demobilize
             to discharge from the army; not -ise; colloq. demob

   Democrat/, -ic
             abbr. (US) D.

   democratize
             not -ise

   Democrit/us
             5th c. BC, Greek philosopher; adj. -ean

   d‚mod/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, out of fashion

   demoiselle
             young lady (not ital.)

   Demoivre (Abraham)
             1667-1754, French mathematician (one word)

   demon     see daemon

   demon.    demonstrative

   demonetize
             to divest of value as currency, not -ise

   demon/ic, -ize
             not dae-

   demonstrable
             not -atable

   demonstrator
             not -er

   demoralize
             not -ise

   De Morgan (Augustus)
             1806-71, English mathematician; -- (William Frend), 1839-1917,
             his son, English novelist

   de mortuis nil nisi bonum
             or bene (Lat.), speak nothing but good of the dead

   demos     the people (not ital.)

   dempster  use deem-

   demurrable
             that may be demurred to

   demurrage undue detention of ship, railway wagon, etc.; compensation for
             this

   demurrer  (law), plea that opponent's facts, though true, do not support
             his case

   demy      a scholar at Magdalen Coll., Oxford; pl. demies

   demy      pron. demeye, with stress on second syllable (typ.), former size
             of paper, 17.5 x 22.5 in.; -- 4to, 11.25 x 8.75in.; -- 8vo, 8.75
             x 5 in. (untrimmed); basis for size of metric demy, 888 x 1128
             mm. See also book sizes

   D.En.     Department of Energy

   den       (Ger.), the (m. sing., accusative); to the (pl., dative)

   Den.      Denmark

   denar     use dinar

   denar/ius penny; pl. -ii, pence; abbr. d.

   denationalize
             not -ise

   dene      wooded valley, not dean

   D.Eng.    Doctor of Engineering

   dengue    not -- fever, denga, -gey

   Denholm   Borders

   Denholme  W. Yorks.

   deniable  etc., see deny

   denier    one-twelfth of French sou; unit of silk, rayon, nylon yarn
             weight

   denim     twilled cotton fabric for overalls, etc.

   Denmark   abbr. Den. See also Assemblies

   de nos jours
             (Fr.), of our time

   denouement
             an unravelling (no accent, not ital.)

   denounce  give notice to terminate (treaty)

   de nouveau
             (Fr.), afresh

   de novo   (Lat.), afresh

   dent.     dent/al, -ist, -istry

   dentelle  (Fr. f.), lace-work

   dentil    one of the toothlike blocks under the bed-moulding of a cornice,
             not -el, -ile

   den/y, -iable, -ial, -ier


   deoch an doris
             (Sc.), a parting-cup, not the many variants

   deodand   personal chattel that has caused death

   deodar    E. Indian cedar

   deodoriz/e
             not -ise; -er

   Deo/ favente
             (Lat.), with God's favour; -- gratias, thanks to God; --
             volente, God willing, abbr. DV (see also Dei)

   dep.      departs, deposed, deputy

   d‚p.      (Fr.), d‚partement (shire), d‚put‚ (deputy)

   DEP       Department of Employment and Productivity, now DE

   d‚partement
             (Fr. m.), shire; abbr.  d‚p.

   department
             abbr. dept.

   departmentalize
             not -ise

   Department of Education and Science
             abbr. DES

   Department of Employment
             abbr. DE

   Department of Energy
             abbr. D.En.

   Department of Health and Social
             Security, abbr. DHSS

   Department of Industry
             abbr. DI

   Department of the Environment
             abbr.  D.o.E.

   Department of Trade
             abbr. D.o.T.

   Department of Trade and Industry
             see now Department/ of Trade, -- Industry

   d‚pays/‚  (Fr.) fem. -‚e, out of one's usual element

   depend/ant
             (noun), -ence, -ent (adj.)

   depilatory
             removing, or remover of, hair

   de pis en pis
             (Fr.), from bad to worse

   de plano  (law), clearly

   depolarize
             not -ise

   deposed   abbr. dep.

   depositary
             a person

   depositor not -er

   depository
             a place

   depot     in Fr. m. d‚p“t

   depressible
             not -able

   de profundis
             (Lat.), out of the depths

   de proprio motu
             (Lat.), of his, or her, own accord

   dept.     department

   d‚put‚    a member of the lower French Chamber

   deputize  not -ise

   deputy    abbr. dep.

   Deputy Lieutenant
             abbr. DL

   De Quincey (Thomas)
             1785-1859, English essayist

   der       (Ger.), the (m. sing.  nominative) of or to or for the (f.
             sing., genitive and dative, or m., f, and neut. pl., genitive)

   der.      deriv/ation, -ative, -ed

   Derbyshire
             abbr. Derby.

   de rЉgle  (Fr.), in order

   de rigueur
             (Fr.), according to etiquette

   derisible laughable, not -able

   derisory  derisive, scoffing

   deriv/ation, -ative, -ed;
             abbr. der.

   derm      the true skin; also derm/a, -is

   dernier/  (Fr.), last; -- cri, the very latest; -- ressort, a last
             resource

   derring-do
             daring action, not doe

   Derry     postally acceptable abbr. of Londonderry (town or county)

   der Tag   (Ger.), the (great) day

   derv      fuel oil for heavy vehicles

   DES       Department of Education

   des       (Fr.), of the (pl.); as prefix to a proper name, treat as de,
             q.v.

   dЉs       (Fr.), since

   des       (Ger.), of the (m. and neut.  sing., genitive)

   Descartes (Ren‚)
             1596-1650, French mathematician and philosopher; adj.  Cartesian

   descend/ant
             (noun), person or thing descended; -ent (adj.), descending

   descender (typ.), lower part of letters such as g, j, p, q, y

   descendible
             that may descend or be descended, not -able

   desert    a wilderness; to abandon.  See also dessert

   desert/ed, -er
             abbr. d.

   d‚shabill‚
             (Fr. m.), undress, dishabille

   desiccate to dry, not dessicate

   desiderat/um
             something desired; pl.  -a (not ital.)

   desirable not -eable

   Des Moines
             Iowa, US

   desorb, desorption
             release from adsorbed state

   despatch  use dis-

   desperado/
             a desperate man; pl. -es (not ital.)

   despicable


   despise   not dis-, -ize

   despotize to act the despot, not -ise

   dessert   a dinner course. See also desert

   dessertspoonful/
             pl. -s, two drams (one word)

   dessicate use desiccate

   destra/   (It.), right-hand side, abbr. d.; -- mano (mus.), the right
             hand, abbr. DM

   destructible
             not -able

   destructor
             a refuse-burning furnace, not -er

   desuetude disuse

   desunt/ cetera
             (Lat.), the rest are missing; -- multa, many things are wanting

   Detaille (Jean Baptiste ђdouard)
             1848-1912, French painter (no accent)

   detector  (person or thing), not -er

   de te fabula narratur
             (Lat.), of thee is the story told

   detent    a catch (mechanical)

   d‚tente   (Ft. f.), cessation of strained relations between States

   d‚tenu/   (Fr.), fem. -e, one detained in custody

   deterrent not -ant

   detonat/e, -or


   detour    a circuitous way; in Fr. m.  d‚tour

   detract/or
             fem. -ress

   detritus  debris (not ital.)

   de trop   (Fr.), not wanted; superfluous

   Deus/     (Lat.), God, abbr. D.; -- avertat! God forbid! -- det, God
             grant; -- misereatur, God be merciful

   deus ex machina
             "a god from a machine" (device in anc. Gr.  theatre), a solution
             or intervention in the nick of time

   deuterium symbol D (no point); -- oxide, heavy water

   Deuteronomy
             abbr. Deut.

   Deutsch/  (Andr‚), Ltd., publishers; -- (Otto Erich), 1883-1967 compiler
             of thematic catalogue of Schubert's works, see D.

   Deutsche Mark
             (W. Ger. curency), usu. written and spoken Deutschmark or
             D-Mark, abbr. DM (no point). See also mark

   Deutschland, Deutsches Reich
             Ger.  names for Germany

   de Valera (ђamon)
             1882-1975, Prime Minister of Ireland, 1937-48, 1951-4, 1957-9,
             President, 1959-73

   Devanagari
             Ind. alphabet

   develop/, -able, -ment
             not -pe

   devest    see divest

   deviat/e, -or
             not -er

   deviling  a young devil

   devilling working as a hack

   devilry   not -try

   devil's advocate
             official at papal court who proposed objections to a
             canonization, an adverse critic

   Devil's Island
             penal settlement, Fr. Guiana

   devis/e   not -ize; -er, one who devises (non-legal)

   devis/ee  one who is bequeathed real estate; -or, one who bequeaths it

   devitalize
             to render lifeless, not -ise

   devoir    an act of civility (not ital.

   Devon     off. name of the county

   Devonshire
             abbr. Devon.

   De Vries (Hugo)
             1848-1935, Dutch botanist

   DEW       distant early warning

   Dewalee   use Diwali

   dewar     vacuum flask (not cap.)

   De Wet (Christian Rudolph)
             1854-1922, Boer general and statesman

   Dewey (George)
             1837-1917, US admiral; -- (John), 1859-1952, US philosopher; --
             (Melvil), 1851-1931, US librarian; -- (Thomas Edmund), 1902-71,
             US politician

   De Witt (Jan)
             1625-72, Dutch statesman

   dexter    (her.), the shield-bearer's right, the observer's left, opp.
             sinister

   dextrous/ not -erous; -ly

4.7 DF...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   DF        defensor fidei (Defender of the Faith), Dean of Faculty,
             direction-find/er, -ing

   DFC       Distinguished Flying Cross

   DFM       Distinguished Flying Medal

   dft.      draft

4.8 DG...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   DG        Dei gratia (by the grace of God), Deo gratias (thanks to God),
             Director-General, Dragoon Guards

   dg        decigram(s) (no point in scientific and technical work

   d.h.      (Ger.), das heisst (that is to say)

4.9 Dhaka...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Dhaka     Bangladesh

   dhobi     Indian washerman

   dhooly    use doolie

   dhoti     nether garment of male Hindu, not -ee, -ootie

   dhow      an Arab vessel (accepted misspelling of dow), not daou, daw

   DHSS      Department of Health and Social Security

   Dhuleep   use Du-

   dhurrie   Indian cotton fabric, not durrie

4.10 DI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   DI        Defence Intelligence, Department of Industry

   d.i.      (Ger.), das ist (that is)

   dia.      diameter

   diablerie devilry, not -ry (not ital.)

   diachylon a plaster, not -um, -culum

   diaconate office of deacon, not de-

   diaeresis (typ.), sign directing the second of two vowels to be pronounced
             separately, as in na‹ve; not die-

   Diaghilev (Sergei Pavlovich)
             1872-1929, Russian ballet impresario

   diagnos/is
             pl. -es

   dial/, -led, -ling


   dialect/, -al, -ic, -ical;
             abbr.  dial.

   diallage  (rhet.), figure of speech in which various arguments are brought
             to bear on one point, (mineral.) a brown, grey, or green mineral
             similar to augite

   dialling/ code, -- tone
             (two words)

   dialogue  conversation in drama, novels, etc., not necessarily between two
             persons only

   dialyse   (chem.), to separate by filtration through a membrane, not -ize,
             -yze

   dialys/is pl. -es

   diamant‚  (Fr.), sparkling with powdered crystal

   diameter  abbr. dia. or diam.

   diamond   (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 4.5 pt.

   diarchy   rule by two authorities, not dy-

   diarrhoea not -oea

   diaspora  a dispersal; (cap.) that of the Jews after the Babylonian
             captivity of 597-538 BC

   diatessaron
             a harmony of the four gospels (not cap.)

   diathes/is
             a habit of body, pl. -es

   DIC       Diploma of Membership of Imperial College, London

   dic/ey    risky, not -cy; -ier, -iest

   dichotomize
             to divide into two parts, not -ise

   Dickens House
             London, headquarters of the Dickens Fellowship (no apos.)

   dickey    use dicky

   Dicksee (Sir Frank)
             1853-1928, painter, PRA 1924-8

   dicky     rear seat (usu. folding type), false shirt-front, small bird,
             not -ey

   dict.     dictator, dictionary

   Dictaphone
             (propr. term)

   dictionnaire
             (Fr. m., two ns), dictionary

   dict/um   a saying; pl. -a

   dicy      use dicey

   didactyl  two-fingered, not -le

   didn't    to be printed close up

   Didot     (typ.), European system for type measurement; 12 pt. Didot =
             4.512 mm. See also body

   didst     (no apos.)

   die       (Ger.), the (f. sing., and m., f., and neut. pl., nominative and
             accusative)

   diecious  use dioe-

   died      abbr. d. See also dagger

   die-hard  (hyphen)

   dieresis  use diae-

   dies      (Lat.), day(s)

   diesel    compression-ignition engine

   dies/ fausti
             (Lat.), auspicious days; -- infausti, inauspicious days; --
             irae, day of wrath

   dies/is   (typ.), rare name for double dagger; pl. -es (See Figure 5 in
             topic FRONT_4)

   dies/ juridicus
             (Lat.), a day on which courts sit; -- nefasti, blank days; --
             non (law), a day on which no business is done

   die-stamping
             (typ.), intaglio (q.v.)  process leaving raised impression

   dietitian not -cian

   Dieu et mon droit
             God and my right (English royal motto)

   Die Wacht am Rhein
             (Ger.), the Watch on the Rhine, famous German patriotic song

   differ/, -ence
             abbr. diff.

   differenti/a
             a distinguishing mark; pl. -ae

   digamma   archaic Gr. letter

   digester  person or instrument, not -or

   digestible
             not -able

   digitiz/ation
             (comp.), electronic reduction of characters, by scanning, to a
             series of digital signals; -ed fount, fount so prepared stored
             electronically in photosetter (also called ECM)

   dignitary not -atory

   digraph   two letters represeing one sound, as ph in digraph. See also
             dipthongs and Hart's Rules, p. 62

   dike      not dyke

   diktat    categorical statement (not ital.)

   dil.      dilute

   dilapidat/e, -ed, -ion
             not de-

   dilatable not -eable

   dilatation
             expansion, "more correct than dilation" (OED)

   dilator   muscle or instrument that expands, incorrectly formed but more
             common than dilatator

   dilemma/  position involving choice between two unsatisfactory lines of
             argument or action; pl. -s

   dilettant/e
             (It.), a lover of or dabbler in the fine arts; pl. -es or -i

   Dilhorne (Viscount)
             fam. name Manningham-Buller

   diligence a stage-coach (not ital.)

   Dillon (Viscount)


   diluvi/um (geol.), aqueous deposit; pl. -a (not ital.)

   dim.      dimidium (one half), diminutive

   dim.      diminuendo

   dime      (US), ten cents; abbr. d.

   diminuendo
             (It. mus.), getting softer; abbr. dim.

   DIN       Deutsche Industrie-Norm; the international paper-size system
             (some trimmed sizes in mm.): A0, 841 x 1,189; A4, 210 x 297; A5,
             148 x 210; B0, 1,000 x 1,414; B1, 707 x 1,000. For some
             untrimmed sizes in this system, see book sizes

   Dinan     d‚p. Cotes-du-Nord, France

   Dinant    Belgium

   dinar     Byzantine gold coin (denarius); unit of currency in various
             Asian and African countries and Yugoslavia, not de-

   Dinard    d‚p. Cotes-du-Nord, France

   d'Indy (Paul Marie Th‚odore Vincent)
             1851-1931, French composer (small d)

   Ding an sich
             (Ger. philos. n.), thing in itself

   ding-dong (hyphen)

   dinghy    small boat, not -gey, -gy

   dingo/    Australian native dog; pl.  -es

   dingy     grimy. See also dinghy

   dining/-car, -room, -table
             (hyphens)

   dinner-jacket
             abbr. DJ

   dioces/e, -an;
             abbr. dioc.

   dioecious (bot.), not die-

   Diogenes  412-323 BC, Cynic philosopher

   Diogenes Laertius
             biographer of philosophers, about AD 200

   dionym    a binomial name, as Homo sapiens

   Dionysia  (noun pl.), orgiastic and dramatic festival(s) of Dionysus

   Dionysi/ac
             of Dionysus; -an, of Dionysus or of Dionysius

   Dionysius 430-367 BC, and his son, fl. 350 BC, tyrants of Syracuse

   Dionysus  Greek god Bacchus

   dioptre   lens measure, abbr. d.

   Dioscuri (the)
             Castor and Pollux

   Dip.      Diploma

   Dip. A.D. Diploma in Art and Design

   Dip. Ed.  Diploma in Education

   Dip. H.E. Diploma of Higher Education

   diphtheria
             not dipth-

   diphthongs
             (typ.), combined letters to represent single sounds, are
             employed in Danish, French, Icelandic, Norwegian, and
             Old-English words, and as phonetic symbols, instead of the
             separate letters ae, oe. ae and oe should be used in Latin and
             Greek words.  Generally no ligatures are used in US. See also
             German

   diplomat  not now diplomatist; abbr.  dipl.

   diplomate one holding a diploma; in Fr. dipl“m/‚, fem. -‚e

   Diplomatic
             Lectureship in, not Diplomatics

   dipsomania/, -c


   Directoire
             French Directory of 1795-9; adj., of the dress or furniture of
             the period (cap.)

   directress
             female director

   directrix (geom.)

   Dirichlet series (math.)

   dirigible

   dirigisme (Fr. m.), economic control by the State

   dirndl    Alpine peasant bodice and full skirt

   dis-      see dys-

   dis.      discipline, discontinue, -ed, discount, (typ.) distribute

   dis aliter visum
             (Lat.), the gods have thought otherwise

   disappoint
             (one s, two ps)

   disassemble
             take (machine) apart.  See also dissemble

   disassociate
             use dissociate

   disburden not -then

   disbursement
             not -sment

   disc      now accepted for disk, esp. in compds., disc harrow, disc
             jockey, slipped disc; also compact (optical) disc

   disc.     discover/ed, -et; discount

   disc      jockey, abbr. DJ

   discern/  to see; -ible. See also decern

   disciplinary
             not -ery

   discipline
             abbr. dis.

   discipular
             disciple-like

   disco/    dancing-party with records, pl. -s

   discobol/us
             a discus-thrower, not -ulus; pl. -i (not cap.). The Discobolus
             (cap.), the lost statue by Myron, of which discoboli are copies

   discoloration
             not discolour-

   discolour/, -ed, -ment
             not discolor

   discomfit/, -ed, -ing
             to thwart; noun, -ure

   discomfort
             (noun) lack of ease; (verb) to make uneasy

   disconnection


   discontinu/e, -ed
             abbr. dis.

   discoth‚que
             room or small hall used for dancing to recorded music

   discount  abbr. dis.

   discover/ed, -er;
             abbr. disc.

   discreet  judicious

   discrete  separate

   disect    use dissect

   disenfranchise
             use disfranchise

   disenthral/
             not -enthrall, -inthral(l); -led, -ment

   disenthrone
             use dethrone

   diseu/r   (Fr. m.), artist entertaining with monologues, fem.  -se

   disfavour not -vor

   disfranchise
             not -ize

   disguis/e, -er


   dishabille
             untidy dress

   dishevelled
             with hair or dress in disorder, not -eled

   disinterested
             impartial (not the same as uninterested)

   disjecta membra
             (Lat.), scattered remains, but "disjecti membra poetae" (Horace)

   disk      (in comp. input) of limp plastic, storing input-material and
             driving photosetter

   dismissible
             not -able

   disorganiz/e, -er
             not -ise

   disorient/ed, -ing
             and disorientat/ed, -ing, are equally established in modern
             usage. See also orient

   dispatch/, -er
             not des-

   dispensable
             not -ible

   dispensary
             abbr. disp.

   dispise   use de-

   display/  (typ.), the setting and leading of titles, advertisements, etc.,
             direction to set in this style; -- type, of size or cut suited
             to this, or any type cast in an especially durable metal

   Disraeli (Benjamin)
             1804-81, Earl of Beaconsfield

   d'Israeli (Isaac)
             1766-1848, writer, father of the foregoing

   dissect/, -ion, -or
             not dise-

   disseis/e to dispossess wrongfully, not -ze; -ee, -in, -or, -oress

   dissemble to conceal. See also disassemble

   disseminat/e
             to scatter abroad; -or

   Dissenter from Church of England (cap.)

   dissertation
             abbr. diss.

   dissociate
             to separate, not disassociate

   dissoluble
             not -uable

   dissolvable
             not -ible

   dissyllable
             use disy-

   dissymmetry
             not disy-

   dist.     distance, distilled, distinguish, -ed, district

   distension
             state of being stretched, not -tion

   distich/  couplet; pl. -s

   distil/   but -lation; -led, abbr.  dist.

   distingu/‚
             (Fr.), fem. -‚e, distinguished-looking

   distinguish/, -ed;
             abbr. dist.

   distrait/ (Fr.), fem. -e, absent-minded

   distributary
             one of the streams of a river delta

   distribute
             (typ.), to put type back into case, or to melt down type; abbr.
             dis.

   distributor
             one who or that which distributes

   district  abbr. dist.

   District/ Attorney
             (US), abbr. DA; -- Court, -- of Columbia, abbr. DC; -- Registry,
             DR

   disyllab/le, -ic, -ize
             of two syllables, not diss-; in Fr. m.  dissyllabe

   disymmetry
             use diss-

   ditheism  belief in two gods, not dy-

   dithyramb wild hymn of Bacchic revellers, not dythi-

   ditto     abbr. do.

   div.      divide, -d, dividend, divine, division, divisor, divorce, (Fr.)
             divers (diverse)

   divers    sundry

   diverse   different

   diverticul/um
             a byway, esp. of the intestines; pl. -a

   divertiment/o
             (It.), a kind of ballet, (mus.) entertainment-piece, pl. -i;
             also (Fr.) divertissement

   divest    not de- (except in law, as devest out of)

   divid/e, -ed, -end, division
             divisor, abbr. div. Sign for ц

   divide et impera
             (Lat.), divide and rule

   Divina Commedia (La)
             1300-18, by Dante, not Come-

   Divis     (Ger. typ. n.), the hyphen

   divisi    (mus.), in several parts

   divisible not -able

   divisim   (Lat.), separately

   division of words.
             Usually divide a word after a vowel, taking over the consonant.
             In present participles take over -ing, as sound-ing, divid-ing;
             but trick-ling, chuck-ling, and similar words. Generally, when
             two consonants or vowels come together divide between them, as
             splen-dour, appreci-ate.  Terminations such as -cian, -sion,
             -tion should not be divided when forming one sound, as Gre-cian,
             ascen-sion, subtrac-tion.  Hyphenated words should be divided at
             the hyphen, and in lexical work etc. a second hyphen may be used
             to clarify their spelling, e.g.  second-/-hand. Avoid divisions
             which might confuse: leg-ends (le-gends), reap-pear (re-appear),
             ex-acting (exact-ing). American printers divide strictly
             according to pronunciation. For a fuller treatment and for
             word-division in foreign languages see Hart's Rules, pp. 14-16,
             97-8, etc.

   divisor   (math.), a factor

   divorc/‚  fem. -‚e, a divorced person; Eng. divorcee is common gender

   Diwali    Hindu festival, not Dewalee

   Dixie/    or -land (one word), the Southern States, US

   DIY       do it yourself

4.11 DJ...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   DJ        dinner-jacket, disc jockey

   Djakarta  Indonesia, use Jak-

   djellaba, djibbah
             use j-

   Djibouti  formerly French Territory of Afars and Issas, use Jibuti

   djinn     see jinnee

4.12 DL...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   DL        Deputy-Lieutenant

   dl        decilitre(s) (no point in scientific and technical work)

   D.Lit.    Doctor of Literature; D.Litt., Doctor of Letters. See also
             Lit.D., Litt.D.

   DLM       (mus.), double long metre

   DLO       Dead Letter Office, now Returned -- --

4.13 DM...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   DM        Deputy Master, Deutsche Mark (W.  Ger. currency), Doctor of
             Medicine (Oxford), (Fr.) Docteur en M‚decine (Doctor of
             Medicine), (It. mus.)  destra mano (the right hand)

   dm        decimetre(s) (no point in scientific and technical work)

   D-Mark    see Deutsche Mark

   D.Mus.    Doctor of Music

4.14 DN...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   DN        Dominus noster (our Lord)

   DNA       deoxyribonucleic acid

   DNB       Dictionary of National Biography

   Dnieper River
             White Russia-Ukraine; in Russ. Dnepr

   Dniester River
             Ukraine; in Russ.  Dnestr

   D-notice  official request to news editors not to publish item

4.15 do...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   do        (noun), pl. dos

   do        (mus.), use doh

   do.       ditto, the same

   DOA       dead on arrival

   doat      use dote

   Dobermann pinscher
             German breed of hound

   doc.      document(s)

   Docent    (Ger. m.) a university teacher, now Doz-

   doch-an-doris
             use deoch an doris

   docket/, -ed, -ing


   dockyard  (one word)

   Doctor    abbr. D., (but Dr before name); Doctor of/ Canon Law or Civil
             Law, DCL; -- -- Dental Surgery, DDS; -- -- Divinity, DD; -- --
             Laws, LL D; -- -- Letters, D.Litt. or Lit(t).D.; -- --
             Literature, Lit.D.; -- -- Medicine, MD or DM; -- -- Music,
             D.Mus. or Mus.D.; -- -- Philosophy, Ph.D or D.Phil.; -- --
             Science, D.Sc. or Sc.D.; -- -- Veterinary Science or Surgery,
             DVS

   Doctors' Commons
             London, where marriage licences were formerly issued by the
             Bishop of London's Registry (apos.)

   doctrinaire
             an unpractical theorist; theoretical and unpractical (not ital.)

   documentary
             (noun), factual report or film

   documents (typ.), to be an exact reprint; abbr. doc.

   dodecaphonic
             (mus.), of the twelve-note scale

   dodgem    (car at fun-fair)

   dodo/     extinct flightless bird; pl.  -s

   D.o.E.    Department of the Environment

   doesn't   to be printed close up

   dogana    (It. f.), custom-house

   dogate    office of doge, not -eate (not ital.)

   dogcart   (one word)

   dog-days  3 July-11 August (hyphen)

   doge      chief magistrate of Venice (not ital.)

   dogfight, dogfish
             (one word)

   doggerel  unpoetic verse, not -grel

   Doggett's Coat and Badge
             trophies of Thames Watermen's championship

   doggie    noun; doggy, adj.

   doghouse  (one word)

   dog-Latin barbarous Latin (hyphen)

   dogma/    authoritative doctrine; pl.  -s

   dogmatize not -ise

   dogsbody  (naut. slang) junior officer; general drudge

   dog-star  (hyphen)

   doh       (mus.), not do

   Dohn nyi (Ern”)
             1877-1960, Hungarian composer

   doily     a napkin, not -ey, doyley, -ly, d'oyley, -ie

   dolce     (mus.), sweetly

   dolce/ far niente
             (It.), delightful idleness; -- vita, sweet life

   doleful   not -ll

   Dolgellau Gwynedd, not -ey

   dollar mark
             (typ.), to be before, and close up to, the figures, as $50.
             Various dollars differentiated as $A (Australian), $HK (Hong
             Kong), $US, etc.

   Dollfuss (Engelbert)
             1892-1934, Austrian politician, Chancellor 1932-4

   doll's house
             not -s'

   dolman    Turkish robe, hussar's jacket, woman's mantle

   dolmen    prehistoric tomb

   dolorous  doleful, but dolour

   DOM       Deo optimo maximo (To God the best and greatest); Dominus omnium
             magister (God the Master, or Lord, of all)

   Dom       (Ger.), cathedral; (Russ.)  house; (Port.) title of nobility;
             also title of certain monks, as Dom Gasquet; not Don

   dom.      domestic, dominion

   domaine   a vineyard

   Domenichino
             real name Domenico Zampieri, 1581-1641, Italian painter

   "Domesday Book"
             not Dooms-; abbr.  DB

   domestic  abbr. dom.

   domicile  not -cil

   Domine dirige nos
             (Lat.), O Lord, direct us (motto of the City of London)

   Dominica  one of the Windward Islands, W. Indies

   Dominican Republic
             W. Indies, formerly Santo Domingo, the eastern portion of the
             island of Hispaniola

   dominie   (old Sc.), teacher, preacher; (current locally) headmaster

   dominion  abbr. dom.

   Dominion Day
             Canada, 1 July

   domino/   cloak, mask, piece in game; pl. -es

   Dominus/  (Lat.), Lord; abbr. D.; -- noster, our Lord, DN

   Domus Procerum
             (law), the House of Lords; abbr. DP or Dom. Proc.

   Don       Spanish title; see Dom

   Donegal   Ireland

   Donegall (Marquess of)


   Donizetti (Gaetano)
             1797-1848, Italian composer

   donna     (It.), a lady (ital.)

   Donne     (John), 1573-1631, English poet

   donn‚e    (Fr. f.), basic fact

   don't     to be printed close up

   doolie    (Ind.), a litter, palanquin, not dhooley, -lie, -ly, dooly

   Doolittle (Eliza)
             heroine of Shaw's Pygmalion; -- (Hilda), 1886-1961, US poet

   "Doomsday Book"
             use Domesday

   door-keeper
             (hyphen)

   doormouse use dor-

   Doornik   Fl. for Tournai

   dop       (Afrik.), brandy, tot

   doppelg„nger
             (Ger. m.), a wraith

   Doppelpunkt
             (Ger. typ. m.), the colon

   doppio (movimento)
             (It.), double (speed)

   Doppler effect
             (phys.), apparent change of frequency when source of vibrations
             is approaching or receding, from Christian Johann Doppler,
             1803-53, Austrian physicist; not ”

   Dor.      Doric

   DORA      Defence of the Realm Act, 1914

   Dor‚ (Paul Gustave)
             1833-83, French painter and engraver

   dormer window
             (two words)

   dormeuse  (Fr. f.), a settee, nightcap, travelling sleeping carriage

   dor/mouse not door-; pl. -mice

   dormy     (golf), as many up as there are holes to play, not -ie

   Dorneywood
             Bucks., country house used as off. residence by any Minister
             designated by the Prime Minister

   dorp      (Afrik.), village, country town

   d'Orsay (Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Count)
             1801-52, "the last dandy"

   Dorset    not Dorsetshire

   dory, John Dory
             fish, not -ey

   dos- -dos (Fr.), back to back, a sofa made for sitting so

   dosage    (med.), not -eage

   dose      (med.), abbr. d.

   dosimeter not dosemeter

   Dos Passos (John Roderigo)
             1896-1970, US writer

   dossier   papers referring to some matter (not ital.)

   Dostoevsky (Fyodor Mikhailovich)
             1821-81, Russian novelist

   D.o.T.    Department of Trade

   dot       (Fr. f.), dowry

   dot/e     to show great fondness, not doat; -age, -ard

   Douai     d‚p. Nord, France, not -y; Douai School, but Douay Bible

   douane    custom-house; abbr. d.

   double    (typ.), a word, etc., erroneously repeated

   double-barrelled
             (hyphen), not -eled

   double-bass
             (mus.), (hyphen)

   double entendre
             word or phrase of two meanings, one of them usu.  indecent (obs.
             Fr., now Anglicized; the mod. Fr. is double entente (un mot …))

   double pica
             (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 22 pt.

   doublure  (Fr. typ. f.), ornamental inner lining to a book-cover

   doucement (Fr. mus.), sweetly

   douceur   (Fr. f.), a gratuity

   douche    jet of water directed at the body (not ital.)

   doughboy  (US), a dumpling, an American infantryman (one word)

   doughnut  (one word)

   Doukhobors
             use Duk-

   Dounreay  Highland, atomic research station

   douse     to drench with water, extinguish. See also dowse

   douzaine  (Fr. f), dozen; abbr. dzne.

   dovecot   not -cote

   dow       use dhow

   dowager   a widow with a dower or retaining her title; abbr. dow.

   dowel/    headless pin usu. of wood, to fasten with this; -led, -ling

   dower     widow's life-interest in her husband's property

   Dow-Jones NY Stock Exchange index (hyphen)

   Down      N. Ireland

   downbeat  (one word)

   Downe (Viscount)


   down/fall, -hill
             (one word)

   down-market
             (adj., hyphen)

   down/pour, -right, -stairs, -stream, -trodden, -wind
             (one word)

   dowry     money or property brought by a bride to her husband

   dowse     to use a divining rod (see also douse)

   doyen/    the senior member of a society (not ital.); fem. -ne

   d'oyl/ey, -ie
             use doily

   D'Oyly Carte (Richard)
             1844-1901, theatrical impresario

   doze      to sleep

   dozen/    -s, abbr. doz.

   Dozent    (Ger. m.), a university teacher, not now Doc- (cap.)

4.16 DP...
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   DP        displaced person (refugee); (law) Domus Procerum (the House of
             Lords)

   DPAS      Discharged Prisoners' Aid Society

   DPH       Diploma in Public Health

   D.Phil.   Doctor of Philosophy (Oxford, Sussex, York); Ph.D. more usual

   DPP       Director of Public Prosecutions

4.17 DR...
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   DR        (naut.) dead reckoning, dispatch rider, District/ Railway, --
             Registry, (Ger.) Deutsches Reich (German Empire)

   Dr        doctor (before name)

   dr.       drachm, -s, drachma (dram or coin), -s, dram, -s, drawer

   drachm    use dram, except for apothecaries' measure and weight; abbr. dr.

   drachma/  a dram, various coins; pl.  -s, abbr. dr.

   draft     a deduction in weighing, a mil. party, a money order, a rough
             sketch; to draw off, to sketch; abbr. dft. See also draught

   draftsman one who drafts documents.  See also draughtsman

   drag‚e    a sweetmeat enclosing drug or nut or fruit

   draggle-tail
             a slut, not daggle-

   dragoman/ Arabic interpreter; pl.  -s, not -men

   dragon-fly
             (hyphen)

   dragonnade
             French persecution of Protestants in 1681, not -onade, -oonade

   Dragoon Guards
             abbr. DG; these are not "Guardsmen"

   dram      sixty grains, one teaspoonful, sixty minims, small drink, see
             drachm; pl. -s, abbr. dr.

   dramat/ic, -ist
             abbr. dram.

   dramatis personae
             (list of) characters in a play, abbr. dram.  pers.

   dramatize not -ise

   Drang nach Osten
             (Ger.), desire for expansion eastwards

   Drapier's Letters
             by Swift, 1724

   draught   act of drawing, a take of fish, 20 lb. of eels, act of drinking,
             a dose, a vessel's depth in water, a current of air, liquor "on
             draught". See also draft

   draughtsman
             one who makes drawings, plans, etc., piece in game of draughts.
             See also draftsman

   drawback  in tech. meaning of excise duty remitted, abbr. dbk.

   drawer    abbr. dr.

   drawing-room
             (hyphen)

   draw-on   cover (bind.), limp cover glued to back of book

   Drdla (Franz)
             1868-1944, Czech composer

   dreadnought
             thick cloth, battleship, not -naught

   Dred Scott
             Negro slave (19th c.), subject of US law case

   Dreiser (Theodore)
             1871-1945, US novelist

   driblet   a trickle, not dribb-

   dri/er, -est, -ly;
             also drier, one who or that which dries; but dry/ish, -ness

   driftwood (one word)

   drip/-dry, -proof
             (hyphens)

   drivable  not -eable

   drivell/ed, -er, -ing
             (two ls)

   drive out (typ.), to set matter with wide word spacing, such setting

   drizzling (meteor.), abbr. d.

   droit     moral and legal right

   droit de seigneur
             (Fr. m.), lord's right to enjoy vassal's bride

   droite    (Fr. f.), the right hand; abbr. d.

   Drontheim use Trondheim

   dropped head
             (typ.), opening title of chapter etc. set lower than first line
             of text on other pages

   droshky   (Russ. pl. drozhki), a four-wheeled vehicle, not -sky

   drought/, -y
             arid(ity), not drouth

   DRP       Deutsches Reichspatent (German patent)

   drum/beat, -fire, -head, -stick
             (one word)

   drunkenness
             (three ns)

   Druse     one of a Syrian sect, not Druz, -e

   Dryasdust a dull pedant (character in prefaces of Scott's novels) (one
             word, cap.)

   dry/er, -est, -ly
             use dri-

   dry goods (US), textiles

   dry/ish, -ness


   dry-point etching needle, the work produced by it (hyphen)

4.18 DS...
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   DS        (mus.) dal segno (from the sign) disseminated sclerosis

   Ds.       dominus; at Cambridge, a Bachelor of Arts

   DSC       Distinguished Service Cross

   D.Sc.     Doctor of Science

   DSIR      Department of Scientific and Industrial Research

   DSM       Distinguished Service Medal; (mus.) double short metre

   DSO       (Companion of the) Distinguished Service Order

   d.s.p.    decessit sine prole (died without issue)

   d.t., d.t.'s
             delirium tremens

4.19 Du....
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   Du.       Dutch

   du        as prefix to a proper name, in accordance with continental
             practice, should not have initial cap., as du Chѓtelet, except
             when Anglicized or at beginning of sentence. Signatures to be
             copied

   Dual Monarchy
             (caps.)

   dub.      dubitans (doubting), dubius (dubious)

   Du Barry (Marie Jeanne B‚cu comtesse)
             1746-93, favourite of Louis XV of France

   dubbin    grease for leather, not -ing

   Dublin    abbr. Dubl.

   Dubois-Raymond (Emil)
             1818-96, German physiologist, not du Bois

   duc       (Fr.), Duke; fem. duchesse (not cap.)

   duces tecum
             (Lat.), a subpoena

   du Chaillu (Paul Belloni)
             1837-1904, French-American explorer in Africa

   duckbill  (one word); duck-billed platypus (one hyphen)

   ductus    (Lat. med.), a duct; pl. same

   Dudevant  see Sand (George)

   duell/er, -ing, -ist
             (two ls)

   duenna    Spanish chaperon (not ital.)

   duffle/   coarse woollen cloth; -bag, -coat (hyphens)

   Dufy (Raoul)
             1877-1953, French painter

   dug-out   canoe made from single tree-trunk (hyphen)

   Duguesclin (Bernard)
             1314-80, Constable of France

   duiker    (Afrik.), a small antelope, not duy-

   duke      cap. as title, abbr. D.; in Fr. duc (not cap.)

   Dukhobors Russian sect, not Douk-

   Duleep Singh
             not Dhuleep, Dulip

   dullness  not dulness

   Dulong and Petit (law of)
             (physics)

   Dumas (Davy de la Pailleterie Alexandre)
             1802-70, French writer; -- (fils, Alexandre), his son, 1824-95,
             also writer; -- (Jean Baptiste Andr‚), 1800-84, chemist

   du Maurier (George Louis Palmella Busson)
             1834-96, English artist and author; -- (Sir Gerald), 1873-1934,
             his son, actor-manager; -- (Dame Daphne), 1907-89, his daughter,
             author

   Dumbarton Strathclyde

   Dumbarton Oaks
             estate in Washington, DC, at which -- -- Conference was held,
             1944

   dumb-bell (hyphen)

   dumbfound/, -ed, -er
             not dumf-

   Dumfries & Galloway
             region of Scotland

   dum sola (et casta)
             (law), while unmarried (and chaste)

   Dunbarton former Scottish county.  See also Dumbarton

   Dunblane  Central, not Dum-

   Duncan-Sandys (Baron)
             (hyphen)

   Dunelm:   sig. of Bp. of Durham (colon); of Durham University (no point,
             no colon)

   dungaree  coarse calico; pl.  overalls made of it; not -eree(s)

   duniwassal
             (Sc.), a Highland gentleman, not dunni-

   Dunkirk   d‚p. Nord, France; in Fr.  Dunkerque

   Dun Laoghaire
             port of Dublin

   Dunnottar Castle
             Grampian

   Duns Scotus (Johannes)
             1265 or 1274-1308, metaphysician

   duo/      pair of artistes; pl. -s

   duodecimo/
             or twelvemo/ (typ.), a book based on 12 leaves, 24 pages, to the
             sheet; pl. -s; abbr. 12mo

   duologue  (stage) conversation between two

   duplex/ apartment
             (US), one on two floors; -- house (US), one for two families

   duplication of points
             see punctuation XV

   Du Pont   family of American industrialists

   Duquesne/ (Abraham, marquis)
             1610-88, French admiral; -- Fort, French fort, 1754, renamed
             Fort Pitt (Pittsburg, Pa.), 1758, on its capture by the English

   dur       (Ger. mus.), major

   durab/le, -ility


   DЃrer (Albrecht)
             1471-1528, German painter; Dureresque, in his style

   duress    constraint, not -e

   D'Urfey (Thomas)
             1653-1723, English playwright

   Durham    abbr. Dur.

   DЃrrenmatt (Friedrich)
             b. 1921, Swiss playwright

   durrie    use dhurrie

   Dushanbe  formerly Stalinabad, cap.  of Tadjikistan, USSR

   Dussek (Jan Ladislav)
             1760-1812, Bohemian composer

   DЃsseldorf
             W. Germany

   dust-bowl area denuded of vegetation by drought (hyphen); Dust Bowl
             (caps., no hyphen), the region along the western edge of the
             Great Plains, US

   Dutch/    abbr. Du.; -- alphabet (typ.), same as English but q and x are
             used only in borrowed foreign words. Accented letters are often
             used in stressed syllables. Marked letters ‰ and ”, diaeresis.
             ch must never be separated; for y use ij, cap. IJ

   dutiable  subject to duty

   duumvir/  one of a pair of Roman officials; Eng. pl. -s

   dux       top pupil (not ital.)

   dux       (Lat.), a leader, pl. duces; -- gregis, leader of the flock

   duyker    use dui-

4.20 DV...
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   DV        Deo volente (God willing)

   DVS       Doctor of Veterinary Science (or Surgery)

4.21 d.w....
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   d.w.      dead weight, delivered weight

   dwarf/    pl. -s

   dwt.      pennyweight, -s, 24 troy grains, not pwt.

   d.w.t.    dead-weight tonnage

4.22 Dy...
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   Dy        dysprosium (no point)

   Dyak      of Borneo, not Day-

   dyarchy   use diarchy

   Dyce Airport
             Aberdeen

   dyeing    (cloth, etc.)

   dye-line  diazo print (hyphen)

   Dyfed     Welsh county

   dying     (ceasing to live)

   dyke      use dike

   dynamics  science of matter and motion (sing.); abbr. dyn.

   dynamo/   pl. -s

   dyne      unit of force; abbr. dyn (no point)

   dyotheism use ditheism

   dys-      prefix meaning difficult or defective; distinguish it from dis-,
             meaning apart

   dysentery

   dyslex/ia word-blindness; adj. -ic

   dyspep/sia
             chronic indigestion, not dis-; adj. -tic

   dysprosium
             symbol Dy

   dytheism  use di-

   dythiramb use dithy-

4.23 dzho...
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   dzho      cow-yak hybrid, not the many variants

   dziggetai Mongolian wild ass, not the many variants

   dzne.     (Fr.), douzaine (dozen)

   D-Zug     (Ger. m.), Durchgangszug (an express train)

5.0 E
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5.1 E...
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   E         Egyptian, einsteinium (no point), (prefix) exa-, the fifth in a
             series. See also Lloyd's

   E.        Earl, east, -ern, English

   e         eccentricity of ellipse, (dyn.)  coefficient of elasticity,
             (elec.)  electromotive force of cell

   e         (It., Port.), and

   ‚         (Port.), is

   Љ         (It.), is

   Љ         (e grave accent), to be used for the last syllable of past
             tenses and participles when that otherwise mute syllable is to
             be separately pronounced, as "Hence, loathЉd Melancholy!". See
             also accents

   e.        (meteor.), wet air but no rain

5.2 each...
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   each      (gram.) must be followed by verb and pronoun in sing., as "each
             dog knows its own master"; abbr.  ea.

   EAEC      European Atomic Energy Community (now Euratom)

   eagre     tidal wave, not -er

   E. & O. E.
             errors and omissions excepted

   earache   (one word)

   ear-drum  (hyphen)

   earl      (cap. as title); abbr. E.

   Earls Court
             London (no apos.)

   ear/mark, -phone
             (one word)

   ear/-piece, -plug, -ring
             (hyphens)

   earth (the)
             cap. only in astronomical contexts and in a list of planets (See
             Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

   earthwork (one word)

   east/, -ern
             abbr. E. See also capitalization, compass

   eastbound (one word)

   East Bridgford
             Notts.

   East End  London (caps.)

   East-Ender
             (hyphen)

   Easter Day
             first Sunday after the calendar full moon on, or next after, 21
             March

   East Kilbride
             Strathclyde, "new town", 1947

   easy chair
             (two words)

   easygoing (adj., one word)

   eau/-de-Cologne, -- de-Nil, -- de-vie
             (hyphens); -- forte, nitric acid, also an etching; ---fortiste,
             an etcher; ---sucr‚e, sugar and water (not ital.)

5.3 EB...
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   EB        Encyclopaedia Britannica

   Ebbw Vale Gwent, a town

   ebd.      (Ger.), ebenda, ibid.

   Eblis     chief of fallen angels in Muslim myth., not I-

   ebonize   not -ise

   Ebor.     Eboracum (York)

   Ebor:     sig. of Abp. of York (colon)

   EBU       European Broadcasting Union

   eburnean  like ivory, not -ian

5.4 EC...
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   EC        East-Central (postal district of London), Education(al)
             Committee, Electricity Council, Engineer Captain, Episcopal
             Church, Established Church, Executive Committee

   ‚cart‚    a game of cards

   Ecce Homo "Behold the Man"

   eccentric/, -ally, -ity.
             For math.  sense see also excentric

   Ecclefechan
             Dumfries & Galloway, birthplace of Carlyle, Dec. 1795

   Ecclesiastes
             in OT, abbr. Eccles.

   ecclesiastical
             abbr. eccles.  Eccelsiatical signs (See Figure 4 in
             topic FRONT_4)

   Ecclesiasticus
             in Apocr., abbr.  Ecclus.

   ECG       electrocardiogram

   Echegaray (Jos‚)
             1833-1916, Spanish playwright

   echelon   (not ital., no accent)

   echo/     pl. -es, not -os

   echt      (Ger.), genuine

   ‚clair    small pastry filled with cream

   ‚claircissement
             (Fr. m.), explanation

   ‚clat     renown (not ital.)

   eclectic  borrowing freely from various sources

   eclogue   a pastoral poem

   ECM       electronic character master.  See also digitized fount

   ecology   the study of organisms in their environment, not oe-; abbr.
             ecol.

   Economist (The)
             (cap. T)

   economize not -ise

   econom/y, -ical, -ics, -ist
             abbr.  econ.

   ‚cossais  (Fr.), fem. -e, Scottish (not cap.); also ‚cossaise, a dance
             (not ital.)

   ecraseur  surgical instrument (no accent)

   ‚crevisse (Fr. f.), crayfish

   ecru      unbleached linen colour (no accent, not ital.)

   ECSC      European Coal and Steel Community

   ecstasy   rapture, not ex-, -cy

   ECT       electroconvulsive therapy

   ECU       European Currency Unit

   Ecuador/  not Eq-; abbr. Ecua., adj.  -ean

   ecumenic/, -al
             belonging to the entire Christian Church, not oec- except in
             special uses

   eczema    a skin inflammation

5.5 ed....
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   ed.       edited, editor

   ed. cit.  the edition cited

   EDD       English Dialect Dictionary

   Edda/     a collection of Icelandic legends; pl. -s; The Elder --, a
             collection of poems, eleventh century and earlier; The Younger
             --, thirteenth-century stories, prosody, and commentary

   Eddy (Mary Morse Baker)
             1821-1910, founder of Christian Science

   Eddystone Lighthouse


   edelweiss Alpine plant

   edema/, -tous
             use oed-

   Edgbaston Birmingham, not Edge-

   edge-tool not edged --, but "with edged tools" (fig. sense)

   edgeways  not -way, -wise

   Edgeworth (Maria)
             1767-1849, English novelist; -- (Richard Lovell), 1744-1817, her
             father, English educationist

   Edgware   London; -- Road

   edh       use eth

   edidit    (Lat.), edited this

   edile     use aedile

   Edinburgh abbr. Edin.

   Edipus    use Oe-

   Edirne    formerly Adrianople, Turkey

   Edison (Thomas Alva)
             1847-1931, US inventor

   ‚dit/‚    fem. -‚e, par (Fr.), published by

   ‚diteur   (Fr. m.), a publisher, not editor

   edition   the state of a book (also the copies, or any one copy, so
             printed) at its first publication, and after each revision,
             enlargement, abridgement, or change of format (2nd, 3rd,
             etc./revised/enlarged/abridged/ paperback, etc., edition); not
             any reprint containing no substantial alteration (see
             impression); abbrev. edn.; in trade practice 1/e, 2/e, etc. =
             1st, 2nd, etc., edn. See also reprint

   ‚dition de luxe
             (Fr.), a sumptuous edition (ital.)

   editio/ princeps
             a first printed edition; pl. -nes principes

   editor    abbr. ed., pl. eds. or edd.

   edn.      edition

   EDP       electronic data processing

   EDS       English Dialect Society

   educ/ate, -able


   educationist
             not -alist

   educ/e, -ible


   Eduskunta Parliament of Finland

5.6 EE...
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   EE        Early English

   ee        (Sc.), eye; pl. een

   E.E. & M.P.
             Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary

   EEC       European Economic Community (the Common Market)

   EEG       Electroencephalogram

   eerie     weird, not -y; eerily

   EETS      Early English Text Society

5.7 effect...
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   effect/er one who effects; -or (biol.), an organ that effects a response
             to a stimulus

   Effendi   Turkish title of respect, not -dee

   effluvi/um
             vapour from decaying matter; pl. -a

   effluxion that which flows out, not -ction

   EFTA      European Free Trade Association

5.8 e.g....
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   e.g.      exempli gratia (for example) (l.c., not ital., comma before).
             Use "for example" rather than e.g.

   egg/head, -shell
             (one word)

   ego/      the self which is conscious and thinks; pl. -s

   egotize   to act egotistically, not -ise

   egret     the lesser white heron (see also aigrette)

   Egypt/, -ian.
             See also United Arab Republic

   egyptian  (typ.), a typeface with thick stems and slab serifs

   Egyptolog/ist, -y
             abbr. Egyptol.  (cap.)

5.9 eh...
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   eh        when exclamation, to be followed by exclamation mark; when
             question, by question mark

   Ehrenburg (Ilya Grigorevich)
             1891-1967, Russian writer

5.10 ei...
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   -ei-      not -ie-, in: beige, ceiling, conceit, conceive, counterfeit,
             cuneiform, deceit, deceive, forfeit, geisha, heifer, heinous,
             inveigh, inveigle, kaleidoscope, leisure, meiosis, neigh/,
             -bour, -bourhood, neither, nonpareil, obeisance, perceive,
             plebeian, receipt, receive, Seidlitz, seigneur, seigniorage,
             seise, seize, seizure, sleight, surfeit, their, weir, weird. See
             also -ie-

   eidol/on  a phantom; pl. -a

   Eifel Mountains
             W. Germany

   Eiffel/ (Alexandre Gustave)
             1832-1923, French engineer; -- Tower, Paris

   eigen/frequency, -function, -value
             (math. and phys., one word)

   eighteenmo/
             (typ.), a book based on 18 leaves, 36 pages, to the sheet; also
             called octodecimo, decimo-octavo; pl. -s; abbr. 18mo

   Eighteenth Amendment
             to the Constitution of the US, 1920, introducing prohibition of
             intoxicating liquor; repealed by Twenty-first Amendment, 1933

   eigret/, -te
             use aigrette. See also egret

   eikon     use icon

   Eikon Basilike
             pamphlet reputedly by Charles I, more probably by John Gauden,
             1605-52, bishop and writer; another, written by Titus Oates,
             ded. to William III and attacking James II

   Einstein (Albert)
             1879-1955, German physicist (naturalized American 1940); --
             (Alfred), 1880-1952, German musicologist

   einsteinium
             symbol E

   Eire      in Gaelic means "Ireland"; former off. name of the Republic of
             Ireland (or "the Irish Republic"), i.e. the 26 counties,
             formerly Irish Free State

   eirenicon a peace proposal, not ir-

   Eisenhower (Dwight David)
             1890-1969, President of US, 1953-61 American general, Supreme
             Commander of Allied Expeditionary Force in Second World War

   Eisenstein (Sergei Mikhailovich)
             1898-1948, Russian film-director

   eisteddfod/
             a congress of Welsh bards; pl. -s

   either    (gram.), correlative or, not nor; for number of following verb,
             see neither

5.11 ejector...
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   ejector   one who, that which, ejects, not -er

   ejusdem/  (Lat.), of the same, abbr.  ejusd.; -- generis, of the same kind

5.12 El...
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   El        (Heb.), God

   el        (Sp. m.), the

   ‚l        (Sp.), he

   Elagabalus
             204-22, emperor of Rome 218-22, not Elio-, Helio-

   El Al     Israel Airlines, Ltd.

   El Alamein
             Egypt; battle, 1942

   ‚lan      dash, spirit; -- vital, life-force (ital.)

   Elbrus    (Mount), Caucasus, not -ruz, -urz

   Elburz    mts., Iran, not -bruz

   elchee    Anglicized version of elchi, Turkish ambassador

   Elder Brethren
             of Trinity House (caps.)

   El Dorado the golden land (two words, not ital.)

   eldorado/ place of great abundance, pl. -s

   elec.     electricity, electrical, electuary

   elector   not -er; (hist.) German prince electing emperor (cap. as title)

   Electra complex
             exaggerated attachment of daughter to father, the fem. analogue
             of Oedipus complex

   electress not -toress

   electro/  (no point), abbr. of electrotype; pl. -s

   electrocute
             to put to death by electricity, not -icute

   electroencephalogram
             (one word), abbr. EEC

   electrolyse
             to break up by electric means, not -yze

   electrolyte
             solution able to conduct electric current

   electromagnet/ic, -ism
             (pertaining to) electricity and magnetism (one word)

   electrometer
             electricity measurer (one word)

   electromotive
             producing electricity (one word)

   electromotor
             an electric motor (one word)

   electron-volt
             unit of energy (hyphen); abbr. eV (one cap.)

   electroplate
             coat with metal by electrolysis, objects thus made (one word)

   electrostatic
             of electricity at rest (one word)

   electrotype
             duplicate printing plate made by copper electrolysis (one word);
             abbr. electro

   electuary a sweetened medicine; abbr. elec.

   eleemosynary
             charitable

   eleg/y    funeral song, pensive poem; adj. -iac; -ist, writer of elegy,
             not -iast; -ize, write elegy, not -ise. See also elogy, eulogy

   elementary
             abbr. elem.

   elements  (chemical), no point after symbols. See also under each name

   elench/us (logic), a refutation; pl.  -i; adj. elenctic, not -chtic

   elephant  name for a former size of paper, 20 x 27 in.

   Elephantine
             Egypt, famed for archaeological yields

   elevator  not -er

   Elgin Marbles
             transported to British Museum from Athens, 1805-12, by Earl of
             Elgin

   El Giza   Egypt, site of the pyramids, use Giza

   Elia      pseud. of Charles Lamb

   Elias     Gr. form of Elijah used in NT (AV)

   Elien:    sig. of Bp. of Ely (colon)

   eligible  not -able

   Eliogabalus
             use Ela-

   Eliot     fam. name of Earl of St Germans; - (George), 1819-90, pseud. of
             Mary Ann, or Marian, Evans, English novelist; -- (Thomas
             Stearns), 1888-1965, US (naturalized British) poet

   ђlisabethville
             Zaire, now Lubumbashi

   elision   (typ.), suppression of letters or syllables in such contractions
             as e'en, there'll, I'd, you've, it's (it is, has), William's
             (William is, has). In Eng. and Ger. set close up. In Fr.  put a
             space after an apostrophe following a word of two or more
             syllables (e.g. bonn' petite but j'ai). In It. set close up
             where the apostrophe follows a consonant (e.g. dall'aver but a'
             miei). In Gr., Lat., Sp. to be spaced. See also ellipsis

   ‚lite     the chosen ones; size of letters on some typewriters (not ital.)

   elixir    alchemist's preparation to change metals into gold or to prolong
             life indefinitely

   Elizabeth abbr. Eliz.

   Ellice Islands
             W. Pacific, now Tuvalu

   Elliot    in fam. name of Earl of Minto; family in Jane Austen's
             Persuasion

   Elliott (Ebenezer)
             1781-1849, English poet

   ellips/is the omission of words; pl. -es; (typ.) three points (not
             asterisks) separated by normal space of line are sufficient.
             When three points are used at the end of an incomplete sentence
             a fourth point should not be added; normal space before the
             first point. Where the sentence is complete, the closing point
             is set close up, followed by the three points for omission. See
             Hart's Rules for rules in foreign languages. See also elision

   Ellis Island
             New York harbour

   ‚loge     (Fr. m.), an oration of praise; Anglicized as eloge (no accent)

   elogy; elogi/um
             pl. -a; eloge (see above); (funeral) oration of praise. See also
             elegy, eulogy

   Elohim    (Heb.), the Deity

   eloin     (law), to abscond, not -gn

   Elois/a, -e
             see H‚lo‹se

   E. long.  east longitude

   El Paso   Texas, US, not -ss-

   El Salvador
             republic of Cent.  America, cap. San Salvador

   Elsass-Lothringen
             use Alsace-Lorraine

   Elsevier  see Elzevier

   Elsinore  Eng. for Dan. Helsingor

   elucidator
             one who makes clear, not -er

   elusive   difficult to grasp, mentally or physically. See illusive

   elver     a young eel

   Elyot (Sir Thomas)
             ?1499-1546, English writer

   Elys‚e    palace, Paris

   Elysium   (Gr. myth.), abode of dead heroes (cap., not ital.)

   elytr/on  hard wing-case of beetle; pl. -a (not ital.)

   Elzevier  Dutch family of booksellers and printers, in business
             ?1583-1712, not Elzevir, although the form is found in some
             bibliographical sources. The name of the modern publisher is
             Elsevier

5.13 EM...
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   EM        Earl Marshal, Edward Medal, Equitum Magister (Master of the
             Horse)

   Em.       Emmanuel, Emily, Emma

   em        (typ.), the square of the body of any size of type; also the
             standard unit of typographic measurement, equal to 12 pt., 4.2
             mm., the "pica" em

   'em       them

   EMA       European Monetary Agreement

   Emanuel School
             Wandsworth

   embalmment
             preservation of dead body by aromatic drugs (three ms);
             embalming is the more usual noun

   embargo/  temporary ban on trade; pl. -es

   embarkation
             not -cation

   embarras/ (Fr. m.); -- de richesse(s), a superfluity of good things; -- du
             choix, difficulty of choosing, not de

   embarrass/, -ment


   embassy   not am-

   embathe   not im-

   embed/, -ded, -ding
             not im-

   embezzlement
             fraudulent appropriation of money, not -lment

   emblaz/e, -onry
             not im-

   embod/y, -ied, -ier, -iment
             not im-

   embolden  not im-

   embonpoint
             plumpness (not ital.)

   embosom   to receive into one's affections, not im-

   emboss    to raise in relief, not im-

   embouchement
             a river-mouth (not ital.)

   embouchure
             (mus.), mouthpiece, shaping of the mouth

   embower   to shelter with trees, not im-

   embrangle to entangle, confuse, not im-

   embrasure door or window recess, widening inwards, not -zure

   embroglio use im-

   embroil   to confuse, involve in hostility, not im-

   embrue    use im-

   embryo/   pl. -s

   embryology
             abbr. embryol.

   embue     use im-

   em dash   (typ.), a long dash (--); see punctuation XII

   emend     to alter or remove errors in a text etc. See also amend

   emerald   (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 6.5 pt.

   emerit/us honourably retired; pl -i; fem. -a

   emerods   use haemorrhoids

   Emerson (Ralph Waldo)
             1803-82, US poet, essayist, and philosopher

   emeu      (bird), use emu

   ‚meute    (Fr. f.), insurrection

   e.m.f.    electromotive force

   EMI       Electrical and Musical Industries (Ltd.)

   ‚migr/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, an emigrant, esp. political exile

   ‚minence grise
             (Fr. f.), power behind the throne

   Emir      in Turk. and Indian titles.  See also Amir

   Emmanuel/ College
             Cambridge; -- (I -III), Kings of Italy, properly Emanuele

   Emmental  Swiss cheese, not -thal

   emmesh    use enm-

   Emmet (Robert)
             1778-1803, Irish patriot

   Emp.      Emperor, Empress

   empaestic connected with embossing, not -estic

   empanel/  to enrol, not im-; -led, -ling

   empassion use im-

   Emperor   abbr. Emp.

   emphas/is pl. -es

   emphasize not -ise

   emplane   not en-

   employ/‚  (Fr.), fem. -‚e; pl. -‚s, fem. -‚es (not ital.), use employee/s
             (m. and f., no accent)

   empolder  use im-

   empori/um centre of commerce, large shop; pl. -a

   emprise   (arch.), chivalrous enterprise, not -ize

   emptor    a purchaser

   empyema   pus in a cavity, esp. of a lung

   empyre/an the highest heaven; adj.  -al

   empyreum/a
             the "burnt" smell of organic matter; not -ruma; pl. -ata

   em rule   (typ.), a long dash (--); see punctuation XII

   EMS       European Monetary System

   emu       Australian running bird, not emeu

   e.m.u.    electromagnetic unit(s)

   emulator  rival, not -er

5.14 en...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   en        (typ.), half the width of an em

   enactor   not -er

   enamel/led, -ler, -ling


   enamorato use in-

   enamoured inspired with love

   en/ arriЉre
             (Fr.), behind; -- attendant, meanwhile; -- avant, forward; --
             bloc, in the mass; -- brosse, bristly-cut

   enc.      enclos/ed, -ure

   encaenia  Commemoration at Oxford, not -cenia (not ital.)

   encage, encapsulate, encase
             not in-

   enceinte  pregnant, a fortified enclosure

   enchase   to put in a setting, engrave, not in-

   enchiridi/on
             handbook or manual; pl. -a (not ital.)

   en clair  (Fr.), in ordinary language (not in cipher)

   enclave   territory surrounded by foreign dominions

   enclos/e, -ure
             not in- (but Inclosure Acts)

   encomium/ a eulogy; pl. -s (not ital.)

   encore    again (not ital.)

   encroach  to intrude usurpingly, not in-

   encrust   not in-; but incrustation

   encumber  to hamper, burden, not in-

   encyclopaed/ia, -ic, -ical, -ism, -ist, -ize
             but use -ped- in quoting titles where that spelling was
             preferred; abbr. ency.

   Encyclopaedia Britannica
             abbr. EB, Ency. Brit.

   Encyclop‚die
             the French encyclopaedia ed. by Diderot, 1751-72;
             encyclop‚diste, a writer for it (not cap.)

   en dash   (typ.), a short dash as in "1914-18", "the Fischer-Spassky
             match"; contrast hyphen. See also punctuation XII

   endemic   regularly found in a specified place, opp. to epidemic

   endemn/ify, -ity
             use in-

   endent/, -ure
             use in-

   en/ dernier ressort
             (Fr.), as a last resource; -- deshabille, in undress

   end leaves
             see endpapers

   endors/e  to write on the back of, not in-; -able, not -eable, -ible

   endpapers (bind.), the sheets at the beginning and end of a book, half of
             each pasted to inside of cover, half forming flyleaf

   endue     to clothe, not in-

   endur/e, -able, -ed, -er, -ing
             not in-

   endways   not -wise

   Endymion  Greek legend, and Keats's poem; also Disraeli's last novel

   ENEA      European Nuclear Energy Agency

   enema/    (syringe for making) injection into rectum; pl. -s (not ital.)

   energize  not -ise

   en/ face  (Fr.), facing; -- famille, with one's family

   enfant/ gѓt‚
             (Fr. m.), spoilt child; -- prodigue (l'), the prodigal son; --
             terrible, indiscreet person

   enfeoff   (hist.), to transfer land to possession of a subordinate tenant.
             See also fee, feoff/ee, -ment

   en f€te   (Fr.), in festivity

   enfin     (Fr.), finally (one word)

   enfold    not in-

   enforce/, -able
             not in-

   enfranchis/e, -able, -ement, -ing
             not -ize

   Eng.      England, English

   eng.      engineer, -ing, engrav/ed, -er, -ing

   Engadine  Switzerland; in Ger.  Engadin

   engag/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, morally committed

   en gar‡on (Fr.), as a bachelor

   Engels (Friedrich)
             1820-95, German socialist, associate of Karl Marx

   engineer/, -ing
             abbr. eng.

   engine-room
             (hyphen)

   Engl/and, -glish
             abbr. Eng.

   English   (typ.), name for former size of type, about 14 pt.

   engraft   not in-

   engrain   to dye in the raw state, not in-. See also ingrain

   en grande/ tenue
             or -- -- toilette (Fr.), in full dress; en grand seigneur,
             magnificently

   engross   to buy wholesale, copy in a large hand, absorb attention of, not
             in-

   engulf    not in-, -gulph

   enigma/   riddle; pl. -s

   enjambment
             in verse, the continuation of sense beyond the end of a line; in
             Fr. m.  enjambement

   en masse  (Fr.), in a body

   enmesh    to entangle, not emm-, imm-

   Enniskillen
             Co. Fermanagh; -- (Earl of), but Inniskilling Dragoons and
             Fusiliers

   ennui     boredom (not ital.)

   ennuy/‚   fem. -‚e, bored (not ital.)

   ENO       English National Opera

   enoculate use in-

   enology   use oen-

   en/ pantoufles
             (Fr.), relaxed; -- passant, by the way, in passing (also of a
             pawn capture in chess); -- pension, as a boarder

   enplane   use em-

   en/ poste (Fr.), in official position; -- prince, in princely style; --
             prise (chess), in a position to be taken

   enquire   to ask. See also inquire

   enquiry   a question, the general word, "inquiry" being reserved for an
             official investigation

   en/ rapport
             (Fr.), in sympathy; -- regle, as it should be, in order; --
             revanche, in revenge

   enrol/, -ment
             not enroll-; but -led, -ler, -ling

   en route  (Fr.), on the way

   en rule   (typ.), see en dash, punctuation XII

   ens       an entity; Lat. pl. entia

   En Saga   (Swed.), A Saga (title of tone-poem by Sibelius, 1892)

   Enschede  Netherlands, but Ensched‚ en Zonen, printing house at Haarlem

   ensconce  to protect with an earthwork, establish snugly, not ins-, es-

   en secondes noces
             (Fr.), by second marriage

   ensemble  general effect, group of players (not ital.)

   ensheath  not -the

   ensilage  storage of green fodder in pits or silos

   ensnare/, -ment
             not in-

   en somme  (Fr.), in short

   ensuing   not -eing

   en suite  (Fr.), to match, forming a unit

   ensuite   (Fr.), after, following (one word)

   ensure    to make safe. See also assurance, insurance

   enswathe  to wrap, not in-

   ENT       ear, nose, and throat

   entailed estate
             one settled on a series of heirs, not in-

   entente/  meaning; -- cordiale, cordial understanding, (caps.) that
             between Britain and France, 1904 onwards; entente (un mot …
             double), a word or phrase with two meanings, pl. mots … double
             entente. See double entendre

   enterprise
             not -ize

   enthral/, -led, -ler, -ling, -ment


   enthron/e, -ization
             not in-

   entitle   not in-. See also intitule

   entomology
             the study of insects; abbr. entom.

   entourage surroundings, attendants (not ital.)

   en-tout-cas
             (Fr.), umbrella-cum-parasol; En-Tout-Cas (caps.) propr. term for
             type of hard tennis-court

   entozo/on internal parasite; pl. -a (not ital.)

   entr'acte/
             (performance in) the interval between two acts; pl. -s

   en train  (Fr.), in progress

   entrain   to board a train, to put aboard a train

   entrain   (Fr. m.), heartiness

   entrammel/
             to entangle; -led, -ling

   entrap/, -ped, -ping
             not in-

   entreat   to beseech, not in-

   entrechat a jump in which a dancer strikes the heels together several
             times (not ital.)

   entrec“te (cook.), the "undercut"

   entr‚e    a dish served between courses, right of admission (not ital.)

   entremets side dishes (not ital.)

   entrench  not in-

   entre nous
             (Fr.), confidentially

   entrep“t  a market (not ital.)

   entrepreneur/
             person in control of business enterprise, a contractor (not
             ital.); adj. -ial

   entresol  a storey between ground floor and first floor (not ital.)

   entrust   not in-

   Ent. Sta. Hall
             Entered at Stationers' Hall

   en/twine, -twist
             not in-

   enunciat/e, -or


   enure     use inure

   envelop/  (verb), -ed, -ment

   envelope  (noun)

   Env. Extr.
             Envoy Extraordinary

   enweave   use in-

   enwrap/, -ped, -ping
             not in-

   enwreath  not in-

   enzootic  endemic in animals

   enzyme    (chem.), protein with catalytic properties

5.15 EO...
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   EO        Education Officer

   Eocene    (geol.) (cap., not ital.)

   e.o.d.    every other day

   EOL       (comp.), end of line

   eon       use aeon

   Eothen    ("from the east"), by Kinglake, 1844

5.16 EP...
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   EP        electroplate

   Ep.       Epistle

   e.p.      (chess), en passant

   epact     age of the moon on 1 Jan.

   ‚pat/ant  (Fr.), shocking; -er les bourgeois, to shake up the hidebound

   epaulette shoulder-piece, not -et

   EPDA      Emergency Powers Defence Act

   ‚p‚e      sword used in fencing

   epergne   table ornament to hold flowers or fruit (not ital., no accent)

   ђpernay   French white wine

   Eph.      Ephesians, Ephraim

   ephah     Hebrew measure, not epha

   ephedrine an alkaloid used as cardiac depressive or for asthma, not -in

   ephemer/a same as -on; pl. -as (not ital.)

   ephemer/is
             an astronomical almanac; pl. -ides

   ephemer/on
             insect that lives for a day, pl. -ons (not ital.); (bibliog.)
             printed item intended for transient use (e.g. theatre programme,
             bottle label), pl. -a

   Ephesians abbr. Eph.

   ephod     Jewish priestly vestment

   ephor/    Spartan magistrate, pl. -s

   ephphatha (Aram.), "Be opened"

   epicedi/um
             funeral ode; pl. -a

   epicene   sexless (contemptuous), (gram.) referring to either sex

   epicentre point over centre of earthquake

   Epicoene  by Ben Jonson, 1609

   epicure/  one who indulges in a refined way in the pleasures of the table;
             adj. -an

   Epicurean a philosopher who identifies pleasure with virtue, following the
             Greek Epicurus, 342-270 BC

   epideictic
             adapted for display, not -ktic

   epidemic  (disease) breaking out locally and lasting only for a time

   epidermis the outer skin or cuticle

   epilogue  concluding part of a lit.  work

   epiornis  use aepy-

   epiphany  the manifestation of a god; (cap.) 6 Jan., the manifestation of
             Christ to the "wise men"

   epiphyte  a plant that lives on the surface of another

   Epirot    inhabitant of Epirus, not -te

   episcopal belonging to bishops; abbr. episc.; (cap.) title of Anglican
             Churches in Scotland and US

   "Epithalamion"
             by Spenser, 1595

   epithalami/um
             a nuptial song; pl.  -a

   epitheli/um
             surface tissue; pl. -a

   epitomize to shorten, summarize, not -ise

   epizo/on  (zool.), an animal that lives on the surface of another; pl. -a;
             -otic, epidemic in animals

   e pluribus unum
             (Lat.), many made one (motto of US)

   EPNS      electroplated nickel silver

   eppur si muove
             (It.), and yet it does move (ascribed to Galileo, after his
             recantation)

   ‚preuve   (Fr. typ. f.), a proof

   ‚pris/    (Fr.), fem. -e, enamoured

   Epstein (Sir Jacob)
             1880-1959, English sculptor

   epuis/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, exhausted; out of print

   epyornis  use ae-

5.17 eq....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   eq.       equal

   equable   uniform, not easily disturbed. See also equatable

   Equador   use Ecu-

   equal/    to (no longer with) -led, -ling

   equaliz/e, -ation
             not -ise

   equal mark
             (typ.), = (a space before and after)

   equanimity
             evenness of mind or temper

   equatable able to be regarded as equal. See also equable

   Equator/, -ial
             abbr. Eq.

   equerry   off. attendant on royal personage, not -ery

   equestri/an
             horseman; fem. -enne

   equilibri/um
             balance, pl. -a

   equinoctial
             not -xial

   equinox/  period of year when night and day are equal; pl. -es

   equivalent
             abbr. equiv.

   equivocator
             user of misleading words, not -er

   equivoque a quibble (not ital.)

5.18 ER...
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   ER        Eastern Region, Edwardus Rex (King Edward), Elizabetha Regina
             (Queen Elizabeth)

   Er        erbium (no point)

   eraser    one who, or that which, rubs out, not -or

   Erasmus (Desiderius)
             1466-1536, Dutch scholar

   Erato     (Gr.), the lyric muse

   erbium    symbol Er

   Erckmann-Chatrian
             joint pseud. of two French writers collaborating from 1848 to
             1870

   Erdgeist  (Ger. myth.), an earth-spirit

   Erechtheum
             temple at Athens

   erector   one who, or that which, erects, not -er

   erethism  (path.), excitement, not ery-

   Erevan    Armenia, use Yerevan

   Erewhon   by Butler, 1872

   erf       (Afrik.), plot of ground; pl.  erven

   erg       unit of work

   ergo      therefore

   Erie      one of the Great Lakes (US and Canada)

   Erin go bragh
             (Ir.), Erin for ever

   Eriny/s   (Gr. myth.), ally of the three Furies, Eumenides, or avenging
             deities; pl. -es

   Eris      Greek goddess of discord

   erl-king  in Germanic myth.; in Ger.  Erlk”nig (rom. quoted as title of
             poem by Goethe and of songs by Loewe, Schubert, and others)

   Ernie     device for selecting weekly and monthly winners in Premium
             Savings Bonds (Electronic Random Number Indicator Equipment)

   "Eroica" Symphony
             by Beethoven, 1804

   Eros      Greek god of love

   erpetolog/y, -ist
             use h-

   errat/um  error in writing or printing; pl. -a (not ital.)

   erroneous wrong, not -ious

   ersatz    (Ger.), substitute

   Erse      the Highland or Irish Gaelic language

   erstens   (Ger.), in the first place; erstgeboren, first-born

   erven     see erf

   erysipelas
             a skin disease, St Anthony's fire, not -us

   erythism  use ere-

   Erzerum   Turkish Armenia, not -oum, -om

5.19 ES...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ES        (paper), engine-sized

   ESA       European Space Agency

   escalade  to mount and enter by a ladder

   escalat/e, -ion
             to rise, rising, steadily and inevitably, like an escalator

   escallop  shellfish, use scallop

   escalope  collop, slice of meat

   escargot  edible snail

   escarp/, -ment
             a steep slope, not -pe

   Escaut    Fr. for Schelde

   eschalot  use shallot

   eschatology
             (theol.) doctrine of last things

   escheator official who watches over forfeited property, not -er

   eschscholtzia
             a yellow-flowered plant

   esconce   use ens-

   Escorial  Spain, not Escu-

   escritoire
             not -oir (not ital.)

   Esculap/ius, -ian
             use Ae-

   escutcheon
             heraldic shield, plate for keyhole, etc., not scut-

   Esdras    in the Apocrypha, First, Second, Book of, abbr. 1, 2 Esd.

   Eskimo/   not Esquimau; pl. -s

   ESN       educationally subnormal

   esophag/us, -eal
             use oes-

   esp.      especially

   ESP       extra-sensory perception

   espagnol/ fem. -e (Fr.), Spanish

   espagnolette
             fastening for french window

   espalier  a lattice-work, a trained fruit-tree (not ital.)

   especially
             abbr. esp.

   Esperanto an artificial universal language, invented by L. L.  Zamenhof,
             1887

   espiЉglerie
             roguishness (not ital.)

   espionage spying (not ital.)

   espressivo
             (mus.), with expression, not ex-

   espresso  apparatus for making coffee under pressure, the coffee produced,
             not exp- (not ital.)

   esprit/   (Fr. m.), genius, wit; -- de corps, members' respect for a
             society; -- de l'escalier, inspiration too late; -- fort, a
             strong-minded person, pl. esprits forts (ital.)

   Esquimalt Vancouver Island, Canada, not -ault

   Esquimau  use Eskimo

   Esquire   abbr. Esq.; J. Smith, jun., Esq., not Esq., jun.

   ess       name of the letter s; pl. esses

   ess.      essences

   essays    (typ.), cited titles to be roman quoted; caps. as in title

   Essouan   use Aswan

   established
             abbr. est.

   Established Church
             (caps.); abbr. EC

   Establishment (the)
             (the values held by) the established sector of society (cap.)

   estamin   a woollen fabric, not ‚t-

   estaminet (Fr. m.), a caf‚

   estanci/a (Sp.-Amer.), cattle farm; -ero, its keeper

   Estate/s of the Realm
             the Parliament of Scotland before union with England in 1707; -s
             (the Three), Lords Spiritual (bishops), Lords Temporal, Commons;
             -- (the Third), French bourgeoisie before the Revolution; --
             (the Fourth), the Press

   Esther    (OT), not to be abbr., but Rest of Esth. (Apocr.)

   esthet/e, -ic
             use aes-

   estimator not -er

   estiv/al, -ation
             use aes-

   Estonia   not Esth-, a Soviet Socialist Republic. See also USSR

   estoppel  (law), a conclusive admission, not -ple, -pal

   estr/ogen, -us
             use oe-

   ESU       English-Speaking Union

   e.s.u.    electrostatic unit(s)

5.20 ET...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ET        English translation

   ETA       estimated time of arrival

   et alibi  (Lat.), and elsewhere; abbr. et al.

   et alii   (Lat.), and others; abbr. et al., not et als.

   etalon    (phys.), interference-device (no accent, not ital.)

   ‚tamin    use estamin

   ‚tat-major
             (Fr. m.), a staff of military officers

   et cetera (not ital.), abbr. etc.; comma before "etc." if more than one
             term precedes; comma after "etc." if it would be needed after an
             equivalent phrase such as "and the like".

   etceteras extras, sundries (one word)

   Eternal City (the)
             Rome

   eth       Old-English and Icelandic letter (distinguish from thorn and
             wyn, qq.v.), also used in phonetic script; not edh

   ether     medium filling all space, not ae-

   ethereal/, -ity, -ly
             not -ial

   Etherege (Sir George)
             ?1635-91, English playwright

   ethics    the science of morals

   Ethiopia  modern name of Abyssinia

   ethn/ic   concerning races; -ology, -ological, abbr. ethnol.

   et hoc genus omne
             (Lat.), and all this kind of thing

   ethology  the study of character formation or animal behaviour

   etiology  use ae-

   etiquette conventions of courtesy (not ital.)

   Etna      Sicily, not Ae-

   ‚trier    (Fr. m.), short rope-ladder

   et sequen/s
             and the following, abbr. et seq.  or et sq.; pl. -tes, n. -tia,
             abbr. et sqq.

   ‚tude/    a study; ‚tude de concert (mus.), concert study (ital.)

   ‚tui      case for small articles, not etwee (not ital.)

   etymolog/y
             the study of derivations; -ical, -ically, -ist, -ize; abbr.
             etym.

   etym/on   a root-word, pl. -a

5.21 Eu...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Eu        europium (no point)

   eucalypt/us
             (bot.), pl. -uses

   euchre    a card-game, not eucher, eucre

   Euclid/   c.300 BC, Athenian geometer, his treatise (cap.); adj.  -ean
             (cap.)

   eudemon   a good angel

   Euer      (Ger. m.), your; abbr. Ew.

   EugЉne    French Christian name (Љ); -- (Prince, of Savoy), 1663-1736,
             Austrian general

   Eug‚nie (Empress)
             1826-1920, wife of Napoleon III (‚)

   eulogium/ eulogy; pl. -s

   eulogize  not -ise

   eulogy    (a not an), spoken or written praise. See also elegy, elogy

   Eumenides (Gr. myth.), the avenging Furies: Alecto, Tisiphone, and
             Megaera; (ital.) play by Aeschylus

   euonymus  (a not an), plant of genus Euonymus, e.g. spindle-tree

   euphem/ism
             (a not an), a mild term for something unpleasant; -istic(al);
             abbr. euphem.

   euphemize not -ise

   euphonize not -ise

   euphony   (a not an), agreeable sound

   euphorbia (bot.), spurge

   euphor/ia a feeling of well-being; -ic

   Euphues   a prose romance in affected style, 1579, by John Lyly; hence
             euphuism

   Euratom   European Atomic Energy Community

   Eure-et-Loir
             Fr. d‚p.; not Loire; not to be confused with Fr. d‚p.  Eure

   eureka    I have found (it)!, not heu- (not ital.). See also heuristic

   eurhythmic
             not eury-

   Europe    abbr. Eur.

   European  (a not an); abbr. Eur.

   Europeanize
             not -ise (cap.)

   europium  symbol Eu

   Euterpe   (Gr.), muse of music

   euthanasia
             peaceful death, mercy killing

5.22 eV...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   eV        electron-volt

   evangelize
             to inform about the Gospel, not -ise

   evaporimeter
             instrument to measure evaporation, not -ometer

   evening   abbr. evng.

   even pages
             (typ.), the left-hand, or verso, pages

   even s. caps.
             (typ.), word(s) set entirely in small capitals

   ever      joined to interrogatives used universally (whatever is, is
             right) but not to those used emphatically (what ever do you
             mean?)

   everglades
             (US), tracts of low swampy ground; (cap.) a large area like this
             in Florida

   evermore  (one word)

   every     must be followed by verb and pronoun in sing., as "every bird
             tries to protect its young"

   every/body, -day
             (adj.), Everyman, -one (but -- one when each word to retain its
             meaning; cf. Hart's Rules, p. 77), -thing, -way (adverb), -where
             (one word)

5.23 Ew....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Ew.       (Ger.), Euer etc. (your)

   ewe       female sheep (a, not an)

   ewer      jug (a, not an)

   Ewigkeit  (Ger. f.), eternity

5.24 ex...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ex        (Lat.), out of, excluding (not ital.)

   ex.       example, executed, executive

   exa-      prefix meaning 10«18 times, abbr. E

   exactor   one who exacts, not -er

   exaggeration


   exalter   one who exalts, not -or

   examination/
             colloq. exam; -- paper, the questions; -- script, the answers

   examplar  use exemplar

   example   abbr. ex., pl. exx.; in Fr.  m. exemple

   exanimate lifeless, depressed

   ex animo  (Lat.), from the mind, earnestly

   exasperate
             to irritate, not -irate

   Exc.      Excellency

   exc.      excellent, except, -ed, -ion

   exc.      excudit (engraved this)

   Excalibur King Arthur's sword, not -bar, -boor (not ital.). See also
             Caliburn

   ex cathedra
             (Lat.), from the Pope's, professor's, chair, with authority

   excavator not -er

   excellence/
             superiority; pl. -s, not -cies

   Excellenc/y
             pl. -ies (persons), abbr. Exc.

   excellent abbr. exc.

   excentric used in math. sense instead of eccentric to avoid sense of "odd"

   except/, -ed, -ion
             abbr. exc.

   exceptionable
             open to criticism

   exceptional
             out of the ordinary

   exceptis excipiendis
             (Lat.), with the necessary exceptions

   excerpt   an extract

   exch.     exchange, exchequer

   exchange  abbr. exch.; Stock -- (caps.), abbr. St. Ex.

   exchangeable
             not -gable

   exchequer abbr. exch.

   excisable liable to excise duty, removable by excision, not -eable

   excise    (verb), not -ize

   excit/able
             not -eable; -ability, not -ibility

   exciter   one who, or that which, excites, (elec.) auxiliary machine
             supplying current for another, not -or

   excitor   (anat.), a nerve stimulating part of the body, not -er

   exclamat/ion, -ory
             abbr. excl., or exclam.

   exclamation mark
             (!), see punctuation VII

   excreta   pl., excreted matter (not ital.)

   excudit   (Lat.), engraved this; abbr.  exc.

   ex curia  (Lat.), out of court, not -ѓ

   excursus/ a digression; pl. -es (not ital.)

   excusable not -eable

   ex-directory
             (hyphen)

   ex dividend
             without next dividend; abbr. ex div. or x.d.

   exeat/    "let him depart", a formal leave of temporary absence; pl. -s
             (not ital.) See also exit, exit

   execut/ed, -ive
             abbr. ex.

   execut/or one who carries out a plan, etc.; (law) person appointed to
             execute will, not -er, abbr.  exor.; fem. -rix, abbr. exrx., pl.
             -rices

   exege/sis explanation; pl. -ses (not ital.); adj. -tic

   exemplaire
             (Fr. m.), a specimen, a copy; in Ger. n. Exemplar

   exemplar  pattern, not exa-

   exemple   (Fr. m.), example

   exempli gratia
             (Lat.), for example; abbr. e.g. (l.c., not ital., comma before)

   exequatur/
             an off. recognition by a foreign government of a consul or other
             agent; pl. -s (not ital.)

   exequies  (pl.), funeral ceremony (not ital.)

   exercise  not -ize

   Exeter    in Lat. Exonia, abbr. Exon.  See also Exon:

   exeunt/   see exit; -- omnes (Lat.  stage direction), they all leave

   ex gratia (Lat.), voluntary

   exhibitor not -er

   exhilarat/e
             to enliven; -ing, -ion

   ex hypothesi
             (Lat.), by hypothesis

   exigency  urgency

   exigent   urgent

   exiguous  small, scanty

   ex interest
             without next interest; abbr. ex int. or x.i.

   existence not -ance

   existentialism
             the philosophy that the individual is a free and responsible
             agent determining his own development

   exit/     a way out; pl. -s

   exit      (Lat. stage direction), he or she goes out; pl. exeunt, they go
             out (ital.). See also exeat

   ex lege   (Lat.), arising from law

   ex-libris (sing. and pl.), "from the library of", a book-plate (not
             ital.); abbr. ex lib.

   ex new    without the right to new shares; abbr. ex n. or x.n.

   ex nihilo nihil fit
             (Lat.), out of nothing, nothing comes

   exodi/um  conclusion of a drama, a farce following it; pl. -a; Anglicized
             as exode. See also exordium

   exodus    a departure, esp. of a body of people; (cap., OT), departure of
             Israelites from Egypt, biblical book, abbr. Exod.

   ex officiis
             (Lat.), by virtue of official positions

   ex officio
             (Lat.), by virtue of one's official position

   exon      officer of the Yeomen of the Guard

   Exon:     sig. of Bp. of Exeter (colon)

   exor.     executor

   exorcize  to expel an evil spirit from, not -ise

   exordium/ introductory part of a discourse; pl. -s. See also exodium

   exotic type
             non-roman faces, e.g.  Arabic, Hebrew

   exp.      export, -ation, -ed, express

   expanded type
             (typ.), a type with unusually wide face

   ex parte  (Lat.), one-sided(ly)

   ex pede Herculem
             (Lat.), judge from the sample

   expendable
             able to be sacrificed for some end

   expense   not -ce

   experimenter
             not -or

   expertise expert knowledge

   expertize give expert opinion

   experto crede
             (Lat.), believe one who has tried it

   expi/ate, -able


   explanation
             abbr. expl.

   explicit  (Lat.) (here) ends; as noun, the conclusion (of a book)

   export/, -ation, -ed
             abbr. exp.

   expos‚    explanation, exposure (not ital.)

   expositor one who expounds, not -er

   ex post facto
             (Lat.), after the fact

   expostulator
             one who remonstrates, not -er

   Ex-President
             (caps.)

   express   abbr. exp.

   expressible
             not -able

   expressivo
             (mus.), with expresion, use es-

   expresso  use es-

   expressway
             (one word)

   exrx.     executrix

   ext.      extension, exterior, external, -ly, extinct, extra, extract

   extasy, extatic
             use ecs-

   extempore (adj. and adv.), unprepared, without preparation (not ital.)

   extemporize
             not -ise

   extender  not -or

   extendible
             not -able, but in gen.  use next

   extensible
             not -able

   extension abbr. ext.

   extensor  a muscle, not -er

   extent    (typ.), the amount of printed space, expressed in ens (see en)
             or pages, filled by a given batch of copy

   exterior  abbr. ext.

   external/, -ly
             abbr. ext.

   externalize
             not -ise

   externe   non-resident hospital physician, day-pupil

   exterritorial
             use extra-

   extinct   abbr. ext.

   extirpator
             one who destroys completely, not -er

   extol/, -led, -ler, -ling


   extra     extract, abbr. ext.

   extractable
             not -ible

   extractor not -er

   extracts  see authorities, quotations

   extra/-marital
             outside marriage, -mural, outside the scope of ordinary teaching
             (one word); but Extra-Mural Studies (of universities)

   extraneous
             brought in from outside, not -ious

   extra-sensory perception
             abbr. ESP

   extraterritorial
             not under local jurisdiction, not exterr-

   extravaganza
             a fantastic composition (not ital.)

   extrovert not extra-

   ex ungue leonem
             (Lat.), judge from the sample

   exuviae   cast coverings of animals

   ex voto/  an offering made in pursuance of a vow; pl. -s

   exx.      examples

   Exzellenz (Ger. f.), Excellency; abbrev. Exz., not Exc-

5.25 Eyck...
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   Eyck      see Van Eyck

   eye/ball, -bath, -bright, -brow, -ful, -glass
             (one word)

   eyeing    not eying

   eye/lash, -lid
             (one word)

   eye-muscles
             (hyphen)

   eye/piece (optics), -sight, -sore, -wash, -witness (one word)

   eyot      islet, use ait

   Eyre & Spottiswoode
             (Publishers), Ltd.

   eyrie     not aerie

   eyrir     coin of Iceland, one-hundredth of krona; pl. aurar

5.26 Ezekiel...
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   Ezekiel   abbr. Ezek.

   Ezra      not to be abbr.

6.0 F
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6.1 F...
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   F         Fahrenheit, fail, farad, fluorine, (photog.) focal length,
             (math.) function, (pencils) fine, (on timepiece regulator) fast,
             the sixth in a series

   F.        fair, Fellow, felon, formul/a, -ae, Friday, all proper names
             with this initial except those beginning ff

   f         femto-, (math.) function

   f.        farthing, fathom, female, feminine, filly, (photog.) focal
             length, (meteor.) fog, following, franc, free, from, furlong

   f         (mus.), forte (loud)

   f.        (Lat.), fortasse (perhaps) (Ger.)  fЃr (for)

6.2 FA...
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   FA        Football Association; F‚d‚ration A‚ronautique

   Fa.       Florida, use Fla.

   fa        (mus.), use fah

   Faber & Faber, Ltd.
             publishers

   fabliau/  a metrical tale; pl. -x

   fac.      facsimile

   fa‡ade    front face of a building (not ital.)

   face      (typ.), the printing surface of type; the design of a particular
             fount

   facet/    one side of a cut gem; -ed, -ing, not -tt-

   facetiae  humorous anecdotes (not ital.)

   facia     tablet over shop, with occupier's name; dashboard of a motor
             car. See also fascia

   facies    (nat. hist.), general aspect

   facile princeps
             (Lat.), easily best (ital.)

   facilis descensus Averni
             (not Averno) (Lat.), easy is the descent to Avernus

   fa‡on de parler
             (Fr.), mere form of words

   facsimile/
             exact copy (one word, not ital.;) pl. -s; abbr. fac.

   facta, non verba
             (Lat.), deeds, not words

   factious  characterized by faction(s)

   factitious
             not natural

   factorize not -ise

   factotum/ servant who attends to everything; pl. -s (not ital.)

   factum est
             (Lat.), it is done

   facul/a   bright solar spot; pl. -ae; not fae-

   fado/     Portuguese folk-song; pl. -s

   faec/es   pl., excrement; adj. -al

   faerie    (arch. and poet.), Fairyland, not -y

   Faerie Queene (The)
             by Spenser, 1590-6

   Faeroe Isles
             Danish, in N.  Atlantic, use The Faeroes; adj.  Faeroese

   fag-end   (hyphen)

   faggot    bundle of sticks, seasoned meatball, derog. name for woman

   fah       (mus.), not fa

   Fahrenheit
             temperature scale; abbr.  F

   FAIA      Fellow of the Association of International Accountants

   faience   glazed pottery, not fa‹-, fay-

   fain‚ant  idle, idler (not ital.)

   faint ruled
             (paper), use feint

   fair      abbr. F.

   fair and square
             (no hyphens except when attrib.)

   fair copy transcript free from corrections; abbr. f. co.

   Fair Isle Shetland, and knitting-design

   fair play (two words)

   fairway   not fare- (one word)

   fairyland (one word)

   fairy-tale
             (hyphen)

   fait accompli (un)
             (Fr. m.), an accomplished fact

   faith-heal/er, -ing
             (hyphen)

   Faizabad  Uttar Pradesh (India), use Fyz-

   fakir     Muslim or Hindu religious mendicant, not the many variants

   Falang/e, -ist
             (member of) political party in Spain or Syria

   faldstool not fold- (one word)

   Falernian wine of ancient Campania

   Falkland/ Islands
             S. Atlantic; -- (Viscount)

   Falk Laws 1874-5, German anti-Catholic laws introduced by politician
             Adalbert Falk

   Falla     (Manuel de), 1876-1946, Spanish composer

   fal-lal   piece of finery, not fallol; collect. noun fallallery

   fallible  liable to err, not -able

   Fallodon (Edward, Viscount Grey of)
             1862-1933, English statesman, not -en

   fall-out  (noun), from nuclear explosion (hyphen)

   falsa lectio
             (Lat.), a false reading; abbr. f.l.

   falucca   use felucca

   falutin   see high-falutin

   FAM       Free and Accepted Masons

   fam.      familiar, family

   familiarize
             not -ise

   family    abbr. fam. See also botany, zoology

   fan/ belt, club, dance
             (two words)

   fandango/ (Sp.), a dance or its music; pl. -es (not ital.)

   Faneuil Hall
             historic building, Boston, Mass., US

   fanfaronade
             arrogant talk, not -nnade, -farronade

   fanlight  (one word)

   fantas/ia (mus.), a free composition (not ital.); pl. -ias

   fantasize not -ise

   fantasmagoria
             use phantas-

   fantast   a dreamer, not ph-

   fantasy   not ph-

   Fanti     tribe in Ghana, not -te, -tee

   Fantin-Latour (Henri)
             1836-1904, French painter

   fantoccini
             (It.), marionettes

   fantom    use ph-

   FAO       Food and Agriculture Organization (of UN)

   FAP       First Aid Post

   faqu/eer, -ir
             use fakir

   far.      farriery, farthing

   farad/    (elec.), unit of capacitance; abbr. F (no point); -ic current
             (med.), not -aic

   Faraday (Michael)
             1791-1867, English chemist

   fareway   use fair-

   farewell  (one word)

   far/-fetched, -flung
             (hyphens)

   farinaceous
             starchy, not -ious

   Faringdon Oxon., not Farr-

   farm-hand (hyphen)

   farm/house, stead, yard
             (one word)

   Farne Islands
             N. Sea, not Farn, Fearne, Ferne

   far niente
             (It.), doing nothing. See also dolce -- --

   Faroe     use Faeroe

   farouche  sullen from shyness (not ital.)

   Farquhar (George)
             1678-1707, Irish dramatist

   farrago/  a hotchpotch, not fara-; pl. -s

   Farrar (Frederick William, Dean)
             1831-1903, English divine and writer

   farriery  horse-shoeing; abbr. far.

   Farringdon Within, Without
             wards of the City of London

   Farsi     language of Iran

   farth/er, -est
             use further/er, -est

   farthing  abbr. f. or far.

   FAS       Fellow of the Anthropological Society; ditto Antiquarian Society

   fasces    (pl.), a bundle of rods, the symbol of power

   fasci/a   (archit.), long flat surface under eaves or cornice; pl. -ae.
             See also facia

   fascicle, fascicule


   fascicul/us
             (pl. -i), a bundle, bunch; one part of a book published in
             instalments

   Fasc/ism, -ist
             (noun and adj.); -istic (adj.)

   Fastens/-een, -eve, -even
             (Sc.), Shrove Tuesday, not Feastings-

   fata Morgana
             mirage seen in Str. of Messina (ital.)

   Fates (the Three)
             Atropos, Clotho, and Lachesis

   fat face type
             display type (q.v.)  with thick stems and fine hair-lines

   Father    (relig.), abbr. Fr.; (the), as Deity (cap.)

   father-in-law
             pl. fathers-in-law (hyphens)

   father of the chapel
             see chapel

   fathom    abbr. f. or fm.

   fatstock  (one word)

   faubourg  (Fr. m.), a suburb, cap. F when with name (not ital.)

   Faulkland in The Rivals, by Sheridan

   Faulkner (William)
             1897-1962, US novelist

   faultfind/er, -ing
             (one word)

   faun/     Latin rural deity; pl. -s

   fauna/    (collect.sing.), the animals of a region or epoch; pl. -s not
             ital.)

   Faure (Fran‡ois F‚lix)
             1841-99, French statesman

   Faur‚ (Gabriel)
             1845-1924, French composer

   faute de mieux
             (Fr.), for want of better

   fauteuil/ (Fr.), armchair, membership of French Academy; pl.  -s

   Fauves (Les)
             group of painters led by Matisse; fauvism, style of painting
             associated with them (not cap.)

   faux pas  (Fr. m.), a blunder (two words, pl. same)

   favour/, -able, -ite, -itism


   Fawkes (Guy)
             1570-1606, conspirator

   fawn      young deer, its colour; as verb, to grovel

   fayence   use faience

   FBA       Fellow of the British Academy, not FRBA

   FBAA      Fellow of the British Association of Accountants and Auditors
             FBCS, Fellow ofthe British Computer Society

   FBI       (US) Federal Bureau of Investigation

   FBIM      Fellow of the British Institute of Management

   FBOA      Fellow of the British Optical Association

   FC        Football Club, Free Church (of Scotland)

   FCA       Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and
             Wales (or Ireland) (off.)

   FCGI      Fellow of the City and Guilds of London Institute

   FCIA      Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance Agents

   FCIB      Fellow of the Corporation of Insurance Brokers

   FCII      Fellow of the Chartered Insurance Institute

   FCMA      Fellow of the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants

   FCO       Foreign and Commonwealth Office

   f. co.    fair copy

   FCP       Fellow of the College of Preceptors

   fcp.      foolscap

   FCS       Fellow of the Chemical Society, now FRSC

   FCSA      Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and
             Administrators

   FCSP      Fellow of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy

   FCST      Fellow of the College of Speech Therapists

   FD        fidei dlfensor (Defender of the Faith)

   Fe        ferrum (iron) (no point)

   Fearne Islands
             use Farne

   feasible  practicable, not -able

   Feastings-
             see Fastens-

   featherfew
             use fever-

   featherweight paper
             light but bulky book paper

   February  abbr. Feb.

   fecal, feces
             use fae-

   fecerunt  (Lat. pl.), made this; abbr. ff

   fecial    use fetial

   fecit     (Lat.), made this; abbr. fec.

   fedayeen  Arab guerrillas (pl.)

   Federal Assemblies
             see Assemblies

   Federalist
             abbr. Fed.

   federalize
             not -ise

   fee/      (law), an inherited estate of land; -- simple, estate unlimited
             as to class of heir (two words); ---tail, estate so limited
             (hyphen). See also fief

   feedback  return of part of output to input (one word)

   feedstock (one word)

   feeoff    use fief

   feeoffee  use feoffee

   feet      see foot

   feff/     use fief; -ment, use feoffment

   Fehmgericht
             (Ger.), use Femgericht, qv.

   Feilding  fam. name of Earl of Denbigh. See also Fie-

   feint     (noun) sham attack, (verb) to pretend

   feint ruled
             (paper), not faint

   feld/spar a rock-forming mineral; adj. -spathic; not felspar

   F‚libre   member of F‚librige, school of Proven‡al writers

   Felixstowe
             Suffolk

   fellah/   Egyptian peasant; pl. -in, not -s, -een.

   fellmonger
             hide-dealer

   felloe    wheel rim, not felly

   Fellow    abbr. F; in Lat., socius; or, in the Royal Society, sodalis

   fellow/ citizen, - men
             (two words)

   fellow/-feeling, -traveller
             (hyphens)

   felly     use felloe

   felo de se
             (Anglo-Lat.), suicide; pl. felos de se

   felon     one who commits a grave crime; abbr. F.

   felspar   use feldspar

   felucca   small Mediterranean vessel, not fal-, fil-

   fem.      feminine

   female    (bot., zool., sociol.), abbr.  f.

   feme/     (law), wife, not femme; -- covert, married woman, -- sole, woman
             without husband (two words).  See also femme

   Femgericht/
             (Ger.), pl. -e, medieval German tribunal, Anglicized as
             Vehmgericht, q.v.

   feminine  abbr. f. or fem.

   feminize  to make feminine, not -ise

   femme/ de chambre
             (Fr. f.), chambermaid, lady's maid, pl.  femmes -- --; --
             fatale, a dangerously attractive woman; -- galante, a
             prostitute; -- incomprise, an unappreciated woman; -- savante, a
             learned woman. See also feme

   femto-    prefix meaning "10 to the power of -15", abbr. f

   fem/ur    thigh bone, pl. -ora (not ital.); -oral

   fencible  able to be fenced; (hist., noun) soldier liable only for home
             service; not -able

   F‚nelon (Fran‡ois de Salignac de La Mothe)
             1651-1715, French ecclesiastic and writer, not F‚n‚-

   fenestr/a (anat.), a small hole in a bone; pl. -ae (not ital.)

   fenugreek leguminous plant, not foenu-

   feoff     use fief

   feoff/ee  (hist.), one enfeoffed, not feeo-; -ment, act of enfeoffing.
             See also enfeoff, fee, fief

   ferae naturae
             (law), adj., wild (of animals), literally "of a wild nature"

   Ferd.     Ferdinand

   Ferdausi  Persian poet, use Fir-

   fer de lance
             venomous snake (trop.  S. Amer.)

   Ferghana  cent. Asia, not -gana

   Feringhee in the Orient, a European, esp. a Portuguese; not the many
             variants

   Fermanagh County
             N. Ireland, abbr.  Ferm.

   fermium   symbol Fm

   Ferne Islands
             use Farne

   Ferrara   Italy; -- (Andrea), 16th c., Italian swordsmith

   Ferrari (Paolo)
             1822-89, Italian dramatist

   Ferrero (Guglielmo)
             1871-1942, Italian historian

   ferret/, -ed, -er, -ing


   ferrule   metal cap on end of stick (two rs), not ferrel. ferule

   ferrum    iron, symbol Fe

   ferryman  (one word)

   fertilize not -ise

   ferule    a cane or rod for punishment (one r). See also ferrule

   fess      (her.), not fesse

   festa     (It.), a festival

   Festschrift/
             (Ger. f.), writings presented to scholar; pl. -en

   f€t/e     entertainment, -ed (not ital.); f€te-champ€tre outdoor
             entertainment; F€te-Dieu, feast of Corpus Christi, pl. Fetes---
             (ital., hyphen)

   fetial    ambassadorial, not fec-

   fetid     ill-smelling, not foe-

   fetish/   inanimate object worshipped by savages, (psych.) abnormal cause
             of sexual desire, not -ich, -iche; -eer, -ism,-ist (not ital.)

   fetor     bad smell, not foe-

   fetus     use foe-

   feu/      (Sc.), ground-rent, pl. -s

   feu/      (Fr.), late, deceased; fem. -e

   Feuchtwanger (Lion)
             1884-1958, German novelist

   feud.     feudal

   feudalize to make feudal, not -ise

   feu/ d'artifice
             (Fr. m.), firework, pl. feux --; -- de joie, a salute, pl. feux
             -- --

   feu-duty  (hyphen)

   feuille   (Fr. typ. f.), a sheet

   Feuillet (Octave)
             1821-90, French novelist and playwright

   feuillet/ (Fr. typ. m.), a leaf; -- blanc, blank leaf

   feuilletage
             (Fr. cook. m.), puff-pastry

   feuilleton
             (Fr. m.), light literature; in Fr. part of newspaper etc.
             devoted to this

   Feulhs    use Fulahs

   feverfew  (bot.), Chrysanthemum parthenium, not feather-, fetter-, -foe

   f‚vrier   (Fr. m.), February, abbr.  f‚v. (not cap.)

   fez/      a cap; pl. -zes (not ital.); adj. -zed

   FF        Felicissimi Fratres (Most Fortunate Brothers)

   ff        (typ.), as initials for proper name, not Ff; in Welsh, a
             separate letter, not to be divided

   ff.       folios, following (pl., preferred to et seqq.)

   ff        (mus.), fortissimo (very loud)

   ff        fecerunt, q.v.

   FFA       Fellow of the Faculty of Actuaries (Scotland)

   FFAS      Fellow of the Faculty of Architects and Surveyors

   fff       (mus.), fortississimo (as loud as possible)

   F.F.Hom.  Fellow of the Faculty of Homoeopathy

   FFPS      Fellow of the Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons

   FFR       Fellow of the Faculty of Radiologists

   FGS       Fellow of the Geological Society

   FH        fire hydrant

   FHA       Fellow of the Institute of Health Service Administrators

   FHS       Fellow of the Heraldry Society

   FIA       Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries

   F.I.A.A. & S.
             Fellow Architect Member of the Incorporated Association of
             Architects and Surveyors

   FIAC      Fellow of the Institute of Company Accountants

   fiacre    a four-wheeled cab

   FIAI      Fellow of the Institute of Industrial and Commercial Accountants

   fianc/‚   fem. -‚e, one betrothed (not ital.)

   fianchetto/
             (chess), placing bishop on long diagonal (pl. -es; not ital.)

   fianna    the militia of Finn and other legendary Irish kings; Fianna/,
             pl., the Fenians; -- Eireann, the Fenians of Ireland; -- F il,
             the Irish Republican party

   F.I.Arb.  Fellow of the Institute of Arbitrators

   FIAS      Fellow Surveyor Member of the Incorporated Association of
             Architects and Surveyors

   fiasco/   a failure; pl. -s

   fiat      formal authorization (not ital.)

   Fiat      Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino (It. motor car, company, and
             factory)

   fiat/ justitia
             (Lat.),let justice be done; -- lux, let there be light

   FIB       Fellow of the Institute of Bankers

   F.I.Biol. Fellow of the Institute of Biology

   fibrin    blood protein appearing as network of fibres, not -ine

   fibul/a   leg-bone, brooch; pl. -ae

   FICE      Fellow of the Institute of Civil Engineers

   fiche     microfiche; pl. same

   fichu     woman's neckerchief (not ital.)

   FICS      Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers; ditto
             International College of Surgeons

   fic/tion, -titious
             abbr. fict.

   fictionalize
             not -ise

   FID       Fellow of the Institute of Directors

   fidalgo   (Port.), a noble

   fiddle-de-dee
             nonsense (hyphens)

   Fidei Defensor
             (Lat.), Defender of the Faith; abbr. FD or Fid. Def.

   fides Punica
             (Lat.), Punic faith, bad faith

   fidget/, -ed, -ily, -ing, -y
             (one t only)

   FIDO      Fog Investigation Dispersal Operation

   fidus Achates
             (Lat.), a trusty friend

   FIEE      Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers

   fief      (hist.), land held by tenant of a superior, not feoff. See also
             enfeoff, fee, feoff/ee, -ment

   field-glasses
             (hyphen)

   Fielding (Henry)
             1707-54, English novelist. See also Fei-

   Field Marshal
             (two words, caps. as title); abbr. FM

   Field Officer
             (two words, caps. as title); abbr. FO

   fieri facias
             (Lat.), "see that it is done", a writ; abbr. fi. fa.

   fiesta    festivity, holiday

   FIFST     Fellow of the Institute of Food Science and Technology

   fift/y, -ieth
             symbol L

   fig.      figure, figurative, -ly, figure

   figurant/ (Fr. m.), a member of the ballet chorus, pl. -s; fem. -e, pl.
             -es. Also (It. m. or f.) -e, pl. -i

   figure-head
             (hyphen)

   figures   term used by some printers for arabic numerals; BS 2961
             recommends the term numerals (q.v.)  for both arabic and roman.
             See also authorities, decimal currency, lakh

   FIHE      Fellow of the Institute of Health Education

   F.I.Inst. Fellow of the Imperial Institute

   FIJ       use FJI

   Fiji/     W. Pacific, indep. 1970; adj.  -an only of Polynesians,
             otherwise Fiji

   filagree  use filigree

   Fildes (Sir Luke)
             1844-1927, English painter

   filemot   a yellowish-brown, "dead leaf" colour, not filamort, filmot,
             phil-

   filet     (cook.), fillet

   filfot    use fy-

   filibeg   (Sc.), kilt, not the many variants

   filibuster
             one who obstructs public business by a long speech, the speech,
             not fill-

   filigree/ ornamental metallic lace-work, adj. -d, not fila-, file; --
             letter (typ.), an initial with filigree background

   filing cabinet
             (two words)

   Filipin/as
             Sp. for Philippine Islands; -o(s), native(s) of the islands

   fille de/ chambre
             (Fr. f.), chamber-maid, lady's maid, pl. filles -- --; -- joie,
             a prostitute

   fillet/   in Fr. m. filet; -ed, -ing

   fillibeg  use fili-

   filling-station
             (hyphen)

   fillip/   a stimulus; -ed, -ing

   fillipeen use philippina

   fillister a kind of plane-tool (two ls)

   filmot    use filemot

   filmsetting
             (typ.), composition and correction on photographic film instead
             of in metal

   filoselle floss silk (not ital.)

   fils      (Fr. m.), son, as Dumas fils (not ital.)

   filter/   device for separating solid matter from liquid; -bed, -paper
             (hyphens). See also philtre

   filucca   use felucca

   F.I.Mech.E.
             Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers

   Fin.      Finland, Finnish

   finable   liable to a fine

   finale    conclusion (not ital.)

   finalize  not -ise

   fin de siЉcle
             (Fr. f.), end of the (nineteenth) century, decadent

   fine      (mus.), end of the piece

   Fine Gael Irish political party

   fine-paper edition
             abbr. FP

   finesse   subtlety (not ital.)

   fine-tooth comb
             (one hyphen)

   finger-mark
             (hyphen)

   finger/print, -tip
             (one word)

   finick/ing, -y
             fastidious

   finis     the end (not ital.)

   Finistere d‚p. France

   Finisterre/
             weather-forecast sea area; -- (Cape), Spain

   finnan haddock
             smoked haddock (two words), not the many variants

   Finnegans Wake
             novel by James Joyce, 1939 (no apos.)

   Finnish/  abbr. Fin.; -- language (typ.), is set in ordinary roman
             characters

   Finno-Karelia
             a former Soviet Socialist Republic. See USSR

   Fin. Sec. Financial Secretary

   F.Inst.P. Fellow of the Institute of Physics

   FIOB      Fellow of the Institute of Building

   FIOP      Fellow of the Institute of Printing

   fiord     (Norw.), arm of the sea, not now fjord (not ital.)

   fioritura (mus.), decoration of melody

   FIPA      Fellow of the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising

   FIQS      Fellow of the Institute of Quantity Surveyors

   fir.      firkin, -s

   Firbank (Ronald)
             1886-1926, English novelist

   Firdausi  ?930-1020, Persian poet, not Ferdausi, Firdousi, Firdusi

   fire/-alarm, -engine, -escape, -guard, -hydrant
             abbr. FH (hyphens)

   fire/arm(s), -man, -place, -side
             (one word)

   fire/ brigade, -- insurance
             (two words)

   Firenze   It. for Florence

   fire-plug abbr. FP

   fireproof (one word)

   firkin/   small cask; pl. -s; abbr.  fir.

   firman/   an edict, pl. -s

   firn      n‚v‚, granular snow not yet compressed into ice at head of
             glacier (not ital.)

   first     (adj.), abbr. 1st

   first aid (two words)

   first/-born, -class
             (adj. and adv.), -fruit (hyphens)

   firsthand (adj., one word), but at first hand (two words)

   first proof
             (typ.), the first impression taken, and corrected by the "copy"

   first-rate
             (hyphen)

   First World War
             1914-18 (caps.); also World War I

   firth     an estuary, not fri-

   FIS       Fellow of the Institute of Statisticians

   FISA      Fellow of the Incorporated Secretaries Association

   Fischer (Robert James)
             b. 1943, US chess master

   Fischer-Dieskau (Dietrich)
             b. 1925, German baritone

   fisgig    use fiz-

   fish/ cake, -- finger
             (two words)

   fishing/-line, -rod
             (hyphens)

   fissile   able to undergo fission, not fissionable

   FIST      Fellow of the Institute of Science Technology

   fisticuffs
             not fisty-

   fistul/a  opening of internal organ to the exterior or to another organ,
             pl. -ae (not ital.)

   fit (arch.)
             section of a poem, not fytte

   FitzGerald/
             fam. name of Duke of Leinster; -- (Edward), 1809-83, English
             poet and translator (one word), cap. G

   Fitzgerald/ (Francis Scott Key)
             1896-1940, US novelist; -- (George Francis), 1851-1901, Irish
             physicist, devised the theory of -- contraction, lower-case g

   Fitzwilliam/ College, -- Museum
             Cambridge

   fivefold  (one word)

   fixed star
             sign (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

   fizgig    flirtatious girl, small firework, not fis-, fizz-

   fizz      a sound, not fiz

   FJI       Fellow of the Institute of Journalists, not FIJ

   fjord     use fiord

   FL        (naval) Flag Lieutenant, Florida (off. postal abbr.)

   Fl.       Flanders, Flemish

   fl.       florin, fluid, (Neth. etc.)  gulden

   fl.       flores (flowers), floruit (flourished)

   f.l.      falsa lectio (a false reading)

   Fla.      Florida (off. abbr.)

   FLA       Fellow of the Library Association

   flabbergast
             to dumbfound, not flaba-, flaber-

   flabell/um
             (eccl. and bot.), a fan; pl. -a

   flag/-boat, -day
             (hyphens)

   flageolet (mus.) small flute, (bot.) kidney bean, not -elet (not ital.)

   flag-pole (hyphen)

   flag/ship, -staff
             (one word)

   flak      anti-aircraft fire, not -ck

   flamb‚    (Fr. cook.), served in flames

   flambeau/ a torch; pl. -s (not ital.)

   flamboyant
             showy, (archit.) with flamelike lines (not ital.)

   flamenco/ type of gypsy song or dance from Andalusia, pl. -s (not ital.)

   flame-thrower
             (hyphen)

   flamingo/ trop. bird; pl. -s

   flammable inflammable

   Flamsteed (John)
             1646-1719, first English Astronomer Royal (1675-1719), not
             -stead

   Flanders  abbr. Fl.

   flѓn/erie (Fr. f.), lounging; -eur, fem. -euse, an idler

   flannelette
             cotton imitation of flannel, not -llette

   flannelled
             not -eled

   flash/back, -light, -point
             (one word)

   flat/ back
             (bind.), see square back; ---impression or -- pull (typ.), see
             rough pull

   flat-fish (hyphen)

   flatworm  (one word)

   Flaubert (Gustave)
             1821-80 French novelist

   flautist  not flut-

   flavour/, -ed, -ing, -less
             but flavorous

   flЉche    (Fr. f.), an arrow; flЉche (archit., not ital.), a slender spire

   flection  use flexion

   fledgeling
             not fledgling

   Fleming   a native of Flanders

   Fleming (Sir Alexander)
             1881-1955, Scottish bacteriologist, discovered penicillin

   fleur-de-lis
             heraldic lily, not fleur-de-lys, nor flower-de-luce; pl.
             fleurs-de-lis (not ital.)

   fleuret   (bind.), flower-shaped ornament

   fleuron   a type ornament

   flexible  not -able

   flexion   not -ction

   flexitime system of working variable hours, not flext-

   flibbertigibbet
             frivolous person

   Fliegende Holl„nder (Der)
             (The Flying Dutchman), opera by Wagner, 1843

   flier     use flyer

   flintlock (one word)

   floatation
             use flotation

   floccinaucinihilipilification
             estimating as worthless (one word)

   floccul/us
             (Lat.), a small tuft, (astr.) small solar cloud, (anat.)  a
             small lobe in the cerebellum; pl.  -i

   flong     (typ.), material used for making the mould for stereotyping

   Flood     (the), in Genesis (cap.)

   flood/gate, -light
             (one word)

   floozie   not -sie

   flor.     floruit (flourished)

   flora/    (collect. sing.) the plants of a region or epoch; pl. -s (not
             ital.)

   floreat   may he, she, it flourish

   Floren/ce in It. Firenze; adj.  -tine

   flores    (Lat.), flowers; abbr. fl.

   florescen/ce, -t


   floriat/e, -ed
             florally decorated, not -eate

   Florida   off. abbr. Fla. or (postal) FL

   florilegi/um
             an anthology, pl. -a

   florin    abbr. fl.

   floruit   (Lat.), flourished, abbr.  fl., or flor., followed by date(s)
             (not ital. when used as noun)

   flotation not floatation

   flotsam and jetsam
             (naut.), floating wreckage and goods thrown overboard (esp. when
             washed ashore)

   flourished
             abbr. fl. (floruit)

   flow chart
             (two words)

   flower-de-luce
             use fleur-de-lis

   flowers   (typ.), type ornaments

   flow rate (two words)

   FLS       Fellow of the Linnean Society (off. spelling), not Linnae-

   Flt. Lt.  Flight Lieutenant

   Flt. Sgt. Flight Sergeant

   flu       influenza (no point)

   fluffing  (typ.), release of paper fluff or dust during printing

   FlЃgel (Johann Gottfried)
             1788-1855, German lexicographer

   flugelhorn
             kind of bugle

   flugelman use fugle-

   fluid     abbr. fl.

   fluidize  not -ise

   fluky     not -ey

   flummox   to confound, not -ix, -ox

   flunkey/  liveried servant (now derog.), pl. -s; not -ky

   fluoresce/, -nce, -nt
             be made luminous, etc.

   fluoridate
             add fluoride to

   fluorinate
             introduce fluorine into

   fluorine  not -in; symbol F

   fluoroscope
             instrument for X-ray examination, with fluorescent screen

   fluorspar (chem.), calcium fluoride as mineral

   flush     (typ.), set to margin of columns or page

   Flushing  Netherlands, in Du.  Vlissingen

   flustr/a  a seaweed; pl. -ae (not ital.)

   flutist   use flautist

   fluty, flutelike
             not -ey

   fluxions  (math.), not -ctions

   fly/      light carriage, pl. -s

   flyer     not flier

   fly/leaf  (typ.), a blank leaf at beginning or end of a book, also blank
             leaf of a circular; -sheet, a two- or four-page tract (one word)

   flyover   road or railway bridge (one word)

   fly-past  (noun, hyphen)

   flywheel  (one word)

   FM        field magnet, Field Marshal, Foreign Mission, frequency
             modulation

   Fm        fermium (no point)

   fm.       fathom

   FMS       Fellow of the Medical Society

   f.n., fn. footnote

   FO        Field Officer, (naval) Flag Officer, (RAF) Flying Officer,
             Foreign Office

   fo.       folio

   FOC       father of the chapel (see chapel)

   focalize  not -ise

   Foch (Ferdinand)
             1851-1929, French general

   fo'c'sle  use forecastle

   focus/    pl. -es, (sci.) foci

   focus/ed, -es, -ing
             not -uss-

   foehn     use fohn

   foenugreek
             use fe-

   Foerster (Friedrich Wilhelm)
             1869-1966, German philosopher and polit.  writer

   foet/id, -or
             use fe-

   foet/us   child or young animal developed in womb, pl. -uses; -al, -ation,
             -icide; not fet-

   fog       (meteor.), abbr. f.

   foggy     obscured by fog

   fog/y     one with antiquated notions, not -ey, -ie; pl. -ies

   f”hn      Alpine south wind, not foehn

   foie      (Fr. m.), liver

   Fokine (Michel)
             1880-1942, Russian-American choreographer

   fol.      folio, following

   fold      as suffix forms one word (e.g.  threefold)

   fold-out  oversize page in book (hyphen)

   foldstool use fald-

   foliaceous
             leaflike, not -ious

   foliate   (verb) number folios consecutively, (adj.) leaflike

   Folies BergЉre
             (ital.)

   folio/    (typ.), a sheet of MS or copy; a page number; a book based on
             two leaves, four pages, to the sheet; pl. -s; as verb, -ed, not
             -'d; abbr. fo., fol.

   foli/um   (Lat.), a leaf; pl. -a

   folk-dance
             (hyphen)

   Folketing Danish Parliament; not -thing

   folklor/e, -ism, -ist, -istic
             (one word)

   folk/-song, -tale
             (hyphens)

   follic/le (bot., med.), small sac, not -cule; but -ular, -ulated

   following abbr. f. or fol.

   fonda     (Sp.), an inn

   fondant   a sweetmeat (not ital.)

   fondue    melted cheese, eggs, etc., not fondu

   fons et origo
             (Lat.), source and origin

   font      (US typ.), Eng. fount

   Fontainebleau
             d‚p. Seine-et-Marne, France

   Fonteyn (Dame Margot)
             b. 1919, English prima ballerina

   foodstuff (one word)

   foolproof (one word)

   foolscap  former size of paper, 17 x 13.5 in.; -- 4to, 8.5 x 6.75 in.; --
             8vo, 6.75 x 4.25 in.(untrimmed).  See also book sizes

   foot      in metric system 30.48 centimetres; abbr. ft; not now in
             scientific use

   foot-and-mouth
             disease (hyphens)

   football  (one word)

   foot/-brake, -bridge
             (hyphens)

   foot candle
             (two words)

   foot/hills, -hold, -lights, -loose
             (one word)

   footnotes in copy should be written either at the bottom of the folio or
             on a separate sheet, with reference figures for identification;
             (typ.) all references In text to be by superior figures outside
             the punctuation mark or quote, except in math. setting (see
             reference marks). For a second set of cues use superior letters.
             At page make-up, leave apparent white between end of text and
             first line of notes

   foot/path, -plate, -print
             (one word)

   Foots Cray
             London

   Footscray Vic., Australia

   foot/sore, -step, -stool, -way, -wear
             (one word)

   for.      foreign, forestry

   foram/en  (anat., bot.), an orifice; pl. -ina

   forasmuch (one word)

   foray     a raid, not forr-

   forbade   see forbid

   for/bear  to abstain, past -bore, partic. -borne. See also forebear

   Forbes-Robertson (Sir Johnston)
             1853-1937, English actor

   for/bid   past -bade, partic.  -bidden, -bidding

   force majeure
             (Fr. f.), circumstances beyond one's control

   forcemeat meat finely chopped and seasoned, not forced- (one word)

   forceps   surgical pincers; pl. same

   forcible  not -cable

   Ford (Ford Madox)
             orig. surname Hueffer, 1873-1939, English writer

   forearm   (noun and verb, one word)

   forebear  ancestor. See also forbear

   forebod/e, -ing
             not forb-

   forecast

   forecastle
             not fo'c'sle

   foreclose

   foredge   (bind.), the edge of a book opposite the binding, not fore-edge.
             See also margins

   fore-edge (hyphen in non-technical uses)

   fore-end  not forend

   Forefathers' Day
             (US), anniversary of landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass.,
             21 Dec. 1620, usu.  celebrated on 22 Dec.

   forefend  use forf-

   fore/finger, -front
             (one word)

   foregather
             use forg-

   fore/go   to go before, past -went, partic. -gone, -going. See also forgo

   forehead

   foreign   abbr. for.

   Foreign and Commonwealth Office
             formed, 1968, from the two separate Offices; abbr. FCO

   Foreign/ Mission
             abbr. FM; -- Office (caps.), abbr. FO, combined, 1968, with the
             Commonwealth Office

   forel     early vellum-like covering for books, not forr-

   fore/leg, -lock, -mast, -play
             (one word)

   fore/run  past -ran, partic. -run; -runner (one word)

   fore/said, -see, -shadow, -shore
             -shorten, -sight, -skin, -stall, not for- (one word)

   Forester (Cecil Scott)
             1899-1966, English novelist

   foretell  not fort-, fortel

   for ever  for always (two words); forever, continually (one word)

   forewarn  not for- (one word)

   foreword  (of book), not forw-. See also preliminary matter

   forfeit

   forfend   avert, not fore-

   forgather not fore-

   forget-me-not
             (bot.)

   forgett/able, -ing


   forgivable
             not -eable

   for/go    to abstain from, past -went, partic. -gone, -going. See also
             forego

   formalin  a germicide or preservative, not -ine

   formalize not -ise

   format/   (typ.), the size (octavo, quarto, etc.) of a book; (loosely) its
             general typ. style and appearance; (comp.) a frequently-used set
             of typographical commands stored in the keyboard (not ital.); as
             verb, past -ted, partic. -ted, -ting

   forme     (typ.), a body of type secured in the frame called a chase; not
             form

   former    first of two. See also latter

   formul/a  pl. -as, (sci.) -ae (not ital.); abbr. F.

   forray    use foray

   forrel    use forel

   forsaid   use fore-

   Fors Clavigera
             by Ruskin, 1871-84

   Forster (John)
             1812-76, English biographer (see also Foster); -- (Edward
             Morgan), 1879-1970, English novelist

   forsw/ear, -ore, -orn


   forsythia ornamental shrub

   Fort      cap. F when with name, as Fort Southwick, Tilbury Fort; abbr.
             Ft.

   fort.     fortification, fortified

   forte/    person's strong point (not ital.); (mus.), strong and loud,
             abbr. f; ---piano, loud, then immediately soft (hyphen), abbr.
             fp; --piano, early form of pianoforte (one word)

   fortell   use fore-

   fortissimo/
             (mus.), very loud; as noun, pl. -s; abbr. ff

   fortississimo/
             (mus.), as loud as possible; as noun, pl. -s; abbr.  fff

   fortiter in re
             (Lat.), bravely in action. See also suaviter in modo

   FORTRAN   Formula Translation, a computer compiler language

   forty-eightmo
             (typ.), a book based on 48 leaves, 96 pages, to tbe sheet; abbr.
             48mo

   forwarn   use fore-

   forzando  (mus.), forced; abbr.  fz (no point). See also sforzando

   foss/a    (anat.), a cavity; pl. -ae

   fosse     a ditch, not foss

   fossilize not -ise

   Foster (Birket)
             1825-99, English painter; -- (John), 1770-1843, Englisb essayist
             (see also Forster); -- (Stephen Collins), 1826-64, US
             song-writer; -- (Sir Harry Hylton-), see Hylton-Foster

   Fotheringhay Castle
             Northants, 1066-1604

   Foucault (John Bernard L‚on)
             1819-68, French physicist

   Foucquet  use Fouq-

   foul/     adv. -ly; -up (hyphen as noun)

   Foulahs   use Fulahs

   foulard   a fabric (not ital.)

   foul proof
             (typ.), a proof-reader's marked proof as opposed to the
             corrected (or clean, q.v.) proof which succeeds it

   foundry   not -ery; -- proof, final proof from forme which has been
             prepared for plating

   fount     (typ.), a complete set of type of one particular face and size;
             in US font

   Fouqu‚ (Friedrich, Baron de la Mode)
             1777-1843, German poet and dramatist

   Fouquet (Jean)
             1416-80, French painter; -- (Nicolas), 1615-80, French
             statesman; not Foucq-

   four-colour process
             (typ.), printing in yellow, magenta, cyan, and black to give a
             complete colour reproduction

   fourfold  (one word)

   Fourier (Fran‡ois Marie Charles)
             1772-1837, French socialist, hence Fourier/ism, -ist, -ite; --
             (Jean Baptiste Joseph), 1768-1830, French mathematician and
             physicist, hence Fourier Series

   four-poster
             four-post bed

   four/score, -some
             (one word)

   four-stroke
             (hyphen)

   Fourth of July
             US Independence Day (caps.)

   Fourth of June
             George III's birthday, day of celebration at Eton

   Fowler (Francis George)
             1870-1918, English lexicographer; -- (Henry Watson), 1858-1933,
             English lexicographer, author of Modern English Usage and joint
             author, with brother F. G., of The King's English

   Fox (Charles James)
             1749-1806, English politician; -- (George), 1624-91, English
             preacher, founder of Society of Friends (Quakers)

   Foxe      (John), 1516-87, English martyrologist

   foxed paper
             stained with yellowish-brown spots

   fox/glove, -hole, -hound
             (one word)

   fox/-hunt, -terrier
             (hyphens)

   foxtrot   (one word)

   foyer     theatre lounge (not ital.)

   FP        Fine Paper (the best edition of a work); fire-plug; (Sc.) former
             pupil(s)

   f.p.      freezing-point

   fp        (mus.), forte-piano, loud, then immediately soft

   FPA       Family Planning Association, Foreign Press Association

   F.Ph.S.   Fellow of the Philosophical Society of England

   FPS       Fellow of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

   Fr        francium (no point)

   Fr.       Father, France, French, Friar, Friday; (Ger.) Frau (Mrs, wife)
             (It.) Fratelli (Brothers)

   fr.       fragment, franc, from, (Ger.)  frei (free)

   fra       (It.), brother, friar (no point)

   fracas    noisy quarrel; pl. same (not ital.)

   fractionalize
             not -ise

   fractions (typ.), spell out simple fractions in textual matter, e.g.
             one-half, two-thirds, one and three-quarters; hyphenate
             compounded numeral in compound fractions such as nine
             thirty-seconds, forty-seven sixty-fourths; in statistical matter
             use one-piece fractions where available, but if these are not
             available use split fractions, i.e. those with dividing line
             attached to denominators and the numerator justified above it;
             but to avoid difficult handwork complex non-displayed fractions
             are now often set in fount-size numerals with a solidus between,
             e.g. 19/100. For math. setting, see Hart's Rules, pp. 55-6

   fractions, decimal
             see decimal fractions

   FRAD      Fellow of the Royal Academy of Dancing

   fraenum   not fre-

   F.R.Ae.S. Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society

   F.R.Ag.Ss.
             Fellow of the Royal Agricultural Societies

   FRAI      Fellow of the Royal Anthropological Institute

   Fraktur   (typ.), name for German style of black letter

   FRAM      Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music

   framable  not -eable

   framework (one word)

   franc     (Fr. m.), coin (not ital.); abbr. f. or fr., pl. f. or frs., to
             be put after the figures, as 10 f.  50 c., or 10.50 fr.

   fran‡aise (… la)
             (Fr.), in the French style, not cap. F

   France    abbr. Fr.

   Franche-Comt‚
             province, France

   franchise the right to vote, not -ize

   francium  symbol Fr

   Franck (C‚sar Auguste)
             1822-90, Belgian-born French organist and composer

   Franco (General Francisco)
             1892-1975, Spanish head of state 1939-75

   franc-tireur
             (Fr. m.), an irregular sharpshooter; pl. francs-tireurs

   franglais (Fr. m.), French regarded as including too many borrowings from
             English

   Frankenstein
             (in Mary Shelley's novel), the maker of the monster, not the
             monster

   Frankfort Ind. and Ky. (US)

   Frankfurt/-on-Main
             W. Germany; -- -on-Oder, E. Germany; in Ger.  Frankfurt/ am
             Main, -- an der Oder (no hyphens)

   frankfurter
             seasoned smoked sausage

   Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
             German newspaper, not Frankfor-, fur-

   Franz Josef Land
             Arctic Ocean (USSR)

   frappant  (Fr.), striking, affecting

   frapp‚    (Fr.), iced

   FRAS      Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, ditto Asiatic Society

   Fraser    family name of Barons Lovat, Saltoun, and Strathalmond. See also
             Frazer

   Fraser River
             Brit. Columbia, Canada

   Fraser's Magazine


   frat/e    (It.), a friar; pl. -i

   fraternize
             not -ise

   Frau/     (Ger. f.), Mrs, wife, not Fr„u; abbr. Fr.; pl. -en

   Fr„ulein  (Ger. n.), Miss, unmarried lady; pl. same; abbr. Frl.

   Fraunhofer/ (Joseph von)
             German physicist, discoverer of -- lines in sun's spectrum (no
             umlaut)

   Frazer (Sir James George)
             1854-1941, English anthropologist. See also Fraser

   FRBS      Fellow of the Royal Botanic Society; Fellow of the Royal Society
             of British Sculptors

   FRCGP     Fellow of the Royal College of General Practitioners

   FRCM      Fellow of the Royal College of Music

   FRCO      Fellow of the Royal College of Organists

   FRCOG     Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

   FRCP      Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, London

   F.R.C.Path.
             Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists

   FRCS      Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, England

   FRCVS     Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London

   F.R.Econ.S.
             Fellow of the Royal Economic Society

   Fred.     Frederic, Frederick. When it is a full name, or a diminutive of
             familiarity, it takes no point

   Fredericton
             New Brunswick, Canada, not -ck-

   free and easy
             (three words)

   freeboard (one word)

   free-born (hyphen)

   freedman  an emancipated slave; freeman, one to whom the freedom of a city
             has been given

   free/-for-all, -hand
             (adj.)  (hyphens)

   free/hold, -holder
             (one word)

   free-lance
             (noun & verb)

   Freemantle
             use Frem-

   Freemason/, -ry
             (cap., one word)

   free-range
             (adj., hyphen)

   free/-thinker, -thought
             (hyphens)

   free will the power of self-determination (two words); freewill (adj., one
             word)

   freeze    to convert to ice. See also frieze

   freezing-point
             abbr. f.p.

   frei      (Ger.), free; abbr. fr.

   Freiberg  Saxony, Germany

   Freiburg/ im Breisgau
             Baden, Germany; Ger. abbr. -- i.B.

   Freiburg  Switzerland, use Fribourg

   Freiherr  Get. title; abbr. Frhr.

   FreischЃtz (Der)
             opera by Weber, 1819

   freize    use frieze

   Fremantle W. Australia, not Free-

   French    abbr. Fr.; (typ.), alphabet as English; see accents. There are
             strict rules for capitalization, division of words, spacing,
             etc.  The following must suffice here, but reference to Hart's
             Rules, pp.  89-103, is strongly recommended.  Division of words
             is according to spoken syllables, rarely etymology:  single
             consonant goes with following vowel, including consonant + r or
             + l; take over gn (e.g. sei-gneur); doubled consonants may he
             divided. No caps.  for adjectives of nationality, the first
             pers. pronoun, days of week, months, names of cardinal points,
             names indicating rank, as anglais, je, lundi, mars, le nord, le
             duc.  Accents: acute (') used only over e; when two es come
             together the first always has acute accent, as n‚e; grave (')
             used over a, e, u; circumflex (^) used over any vowel.  Cedilla
             c (‡) used only before a, o, u. Diaeresis as in English; the
             digraph oe is not to be separated.  Quotation marks are usu.
             guillemets ® Ї, though rules are more commonly used in
             conversational passages

   french chalk
             (not cap.)

   French groove
             (bind.), extra space between board and spine

   Frenchified, Frenchlike
             (cap.)

   french polish/, -er, french windows
             (two words, not cap.)

   frenetic  delirious, frantic, not ph-

   frenum    use frae- feq., frequent, -ly, -ative

   frЉre     (Fr. m.), brother, friar

   FRES      Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society

   fresco/   water-colour done on damp plaster; pl. -s (not ital.)

   freshman  first-year man at university (one word)

   freshwater
             (adj., one word); fresh water (noun, two words)

   Fresnel (Augustin Jean)
             1788-1827, French physicist

   fret/saw, -work
             (one word)

   Freud/ (Sigmund)
             1856-1939, Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis;
             adj. -ian

   Freytag (Gustav)
             1816-95, German writer

   FRG       Federal Republic of Germany

   FRGS      Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society

   F.R.Hist.S.
             Fellow of the Royal Historical Society

   Frhr.     (Ger.), Freiherr (a title)

   FRHS      Fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society

   Fri.      Friday

   friar's balsam
             tincture of benzoin, not -s'

   FRIBA     Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (pl. FF-)

   Fribourg  Switzerland, not Frei-; in Ger. Freiburg

   FRIC      Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, now FRSC

   fricandeau/
             braised and larded fillet of veal; pl. -x (not ital.)

   fricassee/
             a white stew (not ital., no accent), pl. -s

   FRICS     Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

   Friday    abbr. F., Fr., or Fri.

   Friedman (Milton)
             b. 1912, US economist

   frier     one who fries, use fryer

   Friesian  breed of cattle, not Fris-

   frieze    cloth, (archit.) part below cornice, not frei-

   FRIPHH    Fellow of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene

   frippery  tawdry finery

   Fris.     Frisia (Friesland, in Netherlands), Frisian. See also Friesian

   fris/ette curls on forehead, not friz-; -eur, hairdresser; -ure, mode of
             hairdressing

   frisson   (Fr. m.), a shudder

   frit/     (Fr. cook.) fem. -e, pl.  -(e)s, fried

   frith     estuary, use firth

   frizz     to roughen, curl, not friz

   Frl.      (Ger.), Fr„ulein (Miss)

   F.R.Med.Soc.
             Fellow of the Royal Medical Society

   F.R.Met.S.
             Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society

   FRMS      Fellow of the Royal Microscopical Society

   FRNS      Fellow of the Royal Numismatic Society

   fro       (no point)

   Froebel (Friedrich)
             1782-1852, German educationalist, founder of kindergarten system

   Frolic/, -ked, -king


   fromage   (Fr. m.), cheese

   Fronde    French rebel party during minority of Louis XIV

   frondeur  member of Fronde, political rebel

   Frontignan
             a muscat grape or wine (not ital.)

   frontispiece
             (typ.), illustration facing title-page (one word)

   frost/-bite, -bitten
             (hyphens)

   Froude (James Anthony)
             1818-94, English historian

   Froufrou  comedy by Meilhac and Hal‚vy

   frou-frou a rustling of dress (not ital.)

   frowsty   musty, stuffy

   frowzy    unkempt, slatternly

   FRPS      Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society

   FRS       Fellow of the Royal Society, in Lat. SRS (Societatis Regiae
             Sodalis)

   frs.      francs

   FRSA      Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts

   FRSC      Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry

   FRSE      Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

   FRSH      Fellow of the Royal Society of Health

   FRSL      Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature

   FRSM      Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine

   FRST      Fellow of the Royal Society of Teachers

   frumenty  boiled wheat with milk, sugar, etc., not the many variants

   frust/um  (geom.), lower portion of intersected cone or pyramid; pl.  -a;
             not -rum

   FRVA      Fellow of the Rating and Valuation Associatson

   fryer     one who fries, not frier

   FSA       Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries

   FSAA      Fellow of the Society of Incorporated Accountants and Auditors

   FSE       Fellow of the Society of Engineers

   FSIAD     Fellow of the Society of Industrial Artists and Designers

   FSS       Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society

   FSVA      Fellow of the Incorporated Society of Valuers and Auctioneers

   Ft.       fort

   ft.       feint (paper), flat, foot or feet, fortified

   FTCD      Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin

   FTCL      Fellow of Trinity College (of Music), London

   FTI       Fellow of the Textile Institute

   fuchsia   (bot.) (not ital.)

   fuc/us    (Lat.), a seaweed; pl. -i

   Fuehrer   (Ger.), use FЃhrer

   fuelled   not - eled

   fugleman  leader in mil. exercises, not flugel-, flugle-, fugal-, fugel-

   fug/ue    (mus., psych.) (not ital.); adj. -al

   FЃhrer    leader, title assumed by Hitler in Nazi Germany

   Fujiyama  mt., Japan, properly Fujisan, not Fusi-

   -ful      suffix denoting amounts, pl.  -fuls

   Fulahs    Sudanese, not Fell h, Fellani, Feulhs, Foulahs, Fulbe.  See also
             fellah

   fulcr/um  point of purchase for lever; pl. -a (not ital.)

   fulfil/, -led, -ling, -ment


   fulgor    splendour, not -gour

   full-bound
             (bind.), completely cased in the same material (hyphen)

   full/-length
             not shortened, -scale, not reduced (hyphens)

   fullness  not fulness

   full out  (typ.), set to margin of column or page

   full point
             (typ.), the full stop; see punctuation V

   fulmar    a petrel

   fulness   use full-

   fulsome   excessive and cloying, not full-

   fumatory  a place for smoking. See also fumi-

   fumigator not -er

   fumitory  (bot.), a plant. See also fuma-

   function  (math.), abbr. F or f

   fun-fair  (hyphen)

   fung/us   pl. -i; adj. -ous (not ital.)

   funny/-bone, -face
             (hyphens)

   fur.      furlong

   fЃr       (Ger.) for; abbr. f.

   furbelow  a flounce, not -llow

   furfur/   dandruff; adj. -aceous

   furlong   eighth of mile; abbr. f. or fur.

   furmenty  use fru-

   Furness (Christopher, Baron)
             1852-1912, shipping magnate; -- (Horace Howard), 1833-1912, and
             his son, 1865-1930, US Shakespearian scholars

   Furniss (Harry)
             1854-1925, caricaturist

   furniture (typ.), spacing material

   Furnivall (Frederick James)
             1825-1910, English philologist

   furor     (Lat.), rage (ital.)

   furore    (It.), enthusiastic admiration, uproar (not ital.)

   furry     furlike

   furth/er  (adv., adj., and verb), -est (adv. and adj.), now the dominant
             spellings; use in all cases, not far-

   Furtw„ngler (Adolf)
             1853-1907, German archaeologist; -- (Wilhelm), his son,
             1886-1954, German conductor

   fusable   use fusi-

   fusain    porous coal, artists' fine charcoal crayon

   fus/e, -ee, fuselage
             not fuz-

   fusible   not -able

   fusil     musket, not -zil

   fusilier  not -leer

   fusillade not -ilade

   Fusiyama  mt., Japan, use Fujiyama

   fut.      future

   futhorc   runic alphabet, not -ark, -ork

   fuz/e, -ee, -elage, -il
             use fus-

   f.v.      folio verso (on the back of the page)

   FWA       Family Welfare Association

   fylfot    the swastika, not fil-

   fytte     use fit

   Fyzabad   Uttar Pradesh (India), not Faizabad

   fz        (mus.), forzando

   FZS       Fellow of the Zoological Society

7.0 G
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



7.1 G...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   G         gauss, the seventh in a series, (as prefix) giga-

   G.        Graduate, Grand, Gulf, (naval) gunnery

   g         gram(s) (no point in scientific and technical work), (dyn.)
             local gravitational acceleration

   g.        guinea, -s, (Fr.) gauche (left), gros/, -se (big), (meteor.)
             gale

7.2 GA...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GA        General Assembly (Sc. Ch.); Georgia, US (off. postal abbr.)

   Ga        gallium (no point)

   Ga.       Gallic; Georgia, US (off.)

   gabardine durable cloth

   gabbey    use gaby

   gabbro/   (geol.), an igneous rock; pl. -s

   gaberdine a loose cloak

   Gabon/    W. Africa, indep. republic 1960; adj. -ese

   Gaborone  Botswana

   gaby      a simpleton, not -ey, gabbey, gawby

   Gadarene swine


   Gaddi     family of Florentine painters, 1259-1396

   Gadhel/   a Gael of the Irish, Highland Scottish, or Manx branch; adj. -ic

   Gaditanian
             of Cadiz, SW Spain

   gadolinium
             symbol Gd

   Gadshill  Kent, site of Gad's Hill Place, Charles Dickens's residence
             1860-70; character in Shakespeare's Henry IV (one word)

   Gaekwar   title of prince of Baroda, India, not Gaik-

   Gaelic/   abbr. Gael.; -- alphabet, same as English, but no j, k, q, v, w,
             x, y, z. See also accents

   Gaeltacht region of Ireland where vernacular language is Irish

   gaga      senile, incapable (one word)

   Gagarin (Yuri Alekseyevich)
             1934-68, Russian cosmonaut, first to orbit earth, 1961

   gage      a, or to, pledge. See also gauge

   gaiety    not gay-

   Gaikwar   (title), use Gaek-

   gaillardia
             (bot.), a plant

   gaily     not gayly

   gairfish  use garfish

   gairfowl  use gare-fowl

   gairish   use garish

   Gair Loch Strathclyde, use Gare-

   Gairloch  Highland, not Gare-

   Gaitskell (Hugh Todd Naylor)
             1906-63, British statesman

   Gaius     Roman praenomen, not Caius; abbr. C.

   gal       unit of acceleration, with numbers Gal (no point)

   Gal.      Galatians

   gal.      gallon, -s

   gala/     festive occasion; pl. -s (not ital.)

   galaena   use -lena

   galangale use gali-

   galantine white meat served cold in jelly, not gall-

   Galantuomo (Il Re)
             King Victor Emmanuel I of Italy

   galanty show
             a shadow pantomime, not -tee, gallantee, -ty

   Galatea (Acis or Pygmalion and)


   Galati    Romania, not -acz, -atch, -atz

   Galatia   Asia Minor

   Galatians abbr. Gal.

   galavant  use galli-

   Galaxy    (astr.), the Milky Way (system) (cap.)

   gale      (meteor.), wind moving at 40-70 miles per hour

   galena    lead ore, not -aena

   galera    (Sp. typ.), a galley

   galЉre    (Fr. f.), galley (ship); qu'allait-il faire dans cette --?  (how
             did he get into this scrape?)

   Galilean  of Galilee, or of Galileo

   Galileo [Galilei]
             1564-1642, Italian astronomer and mathematician; in Fr. Galil‚e,
             It.  Galilei

   galingale a sedge with medicinal root, not gala-

   galiot    a vessel, use gall-

   galipot   a resin. See also gall-

   galivant  use galli-

   gall.     gallon, -s

   gallantine
             use galantine

   gallanty show
             use gala-

   gallaway  see gallo-

   gall-bladder
             (hyphen)

   Galle     town, Sri Lanka, formerly Point de Galle

   gallery   in Fr. f. galerie

   Galles    (Fr. f. sing.), Wales; adj.  gallois/, fem. -e

   galley/   (typ.), a flat oblong tray for holding composed type; -- proofs,
             those supplied in "slips" about 18 in. long (i.e. impressions
             taken from type on galleys). See also proof

   Gallic    of Gaul, French; abbr. Ga.

   gallice   in French

   Gallic/ism
             French idiom; -ize, to make Gallic or French, not -ise

   Galli-Curci (Amelita)
             1889-1963, Italian soprano

   galligaskins
             pl., breeches, not -in

   gallimaufry
             a medley

   galliot   Dutch cargo-boat

   Gallipoli S. Italy, Turkey

   gallipot  a small jar. See also gali-

   gallium   symbol Ga

   gallivant to gad about, not gala-, gali-

   gallon/, -s
             abbr. gal. or gall.

   galloon   a dress trimming

   galloot   use galoot

   gallop/   a horse's movement; -ed, -er, -ing. See also galop

   gallopade Hungarian dance, not galop-, gallopp-

   Gallovidian
             of Galloway

   Galloway  SW Scotland

   galloway  a horse, also breed of cattle, not galla-

   gallows   treated as sing.

   gallstone (one word)

   Gallup/ (Dr George Horace)
             1901-84, founded American Institute of Public Opinion, 1936; --
             poll, measure of public opinion (two words, one cap.)

   galoot    an awkward fellow, not gall-, geel-

   galop     a dance. See also gallop

   galore    in abundance

   galosh/   an overshoe, not gol-, -oshe; -ed

   galumph   to gallop triumphantly

   galv.     galvan/ic, -ism

   Galvani (Luigi)
             1737-98, discoverer of galvanism

   galvanize not -ise

   Galway    W. Ireland

   Galwegian of Galloway

   Gama (Vasco da)
             1467-1524, Portuguese navigator, first round Africa to India

   Gambia (The)
             W. Africa, indep. 1965

   Gambier   Ohio, US

   gambier   a gum, not -beer, -bir

   gamboge   yellow pigment, not -booze

   gambol/   to frisk; -led, -ling

   game/bird, -keeper
             (one word)

   gamin/    a street urchin, fem. -e (not ital.)

   gamma/    unit of magnetic flux density; in SI units 1nT; -- globulin, a
             protein; -- ray (two words)

   gammon    a cured ham, not gamon

   gamy      having the flavour or scent of game left till high, not -ey

   Gand      Fr. for Ghent, Belgium

   Gandhi/ (Mohandas Karamchand)
             (Mahatma Gandhi), 1869-1948, Indian nationalist leader; -- (Mrs
             Indira), 1917-84, Prime Minister of India 1966-77, 1980-4, dau.
             of Pandit Nehru, not related to preceding; -- (Rajiv), b. 1944,
             Prime Minister of India 1984-, her son

   gangli/on knot on nerve; pl. -a

   gangue    rock or earth in which ore is found

   gangway   (one word)

   ganister  a hard stone, not gann-

   gantlet   use gaun-

   gantry    platform to carry travelling crane, etc., not gau-

   Ganymede  (Gr. myth.), cup-bearer to the gods

   gaol/     -er, not jai-. See also goal

   gaol/bird, -break
             (one word)

   Garamond  a typeface

   Garamont (Claude)
             c.1500-61, French type-designer, -cutter, and -founder

   Garcilaso de la Vega
             1503-36, Spanish poet; -- -- -- -- ('the Inca'), 1540-1616,
             Spanish historian

   gar‡on    (Fr. m.), bachelor, boy, waiter (ital.)

   Garde nationale
             (Fr.), national guard (one cap.)

   gardenia  (bot.), an ornamental shrub (not ital.)

   Gardens   abbr. Gdns.

   gare      (Fr. f.), railway station

   garefish  use garfish

   gare-fowl the great auk, not gair-, gar- (hyphen)

   Gare Loch Strathclyde, not Gair

   Gareloch  Highland, use Gair-

   garfish   similar to pike, not gair-, gare-

   gargantuan
             enormous (not cap.)

   gargoyle  (archit.), grotesque spout, not -ile, -oil

   Garhwal   Uttar Pradesh, India

   gari      use gharry

   garish    gaudy, not gair-

   garlic    but garlicky

   Garmisch-Partenkirchen
             W. Germany

   garnet    red precious stone

   garn/i    (Fr.), fem. -ie, furnished

   garrott/e to throttle, not -ote, garotte; -er

   Garter King-of-Arms
             herald, not -at-

   gas       (US colloq.), gasoline

   gaseous

   Gaskell (Mrs Elizabeth Cleghorn)
             1810-65, English novelist

   gasoline  volatile liquid from petroleum, esp. (chiefly US and techn.)
             petrol, not -ene

   Gasp‚     peninsula, cape, and town (Quebec prov., Canada)

   gas poisoning
             (two words)

   Gast/haus (Ger. n.), an inn; pl.  -h„user (cap.)

   Gast/hof  (Ger. m.), a hotel; pl.  -h”fe (cap.)

   gastronom/e
             a judge of good eating; -ic, -y

   gastropod any member of the Gastropoda, mollusc class (not ital.); not
             -ster-

   gѓt/‚     (Fr.), fem. -‚e, spoiled

   gѓteau/   (Fr. m.), cake, pl. -s

   gatecrash/, -er
             (one word)

   gate/fold folded oversize page (one word)

   gate/keeper, -post, -way
             (one word)

   gather    (bind.), to assemble the printed and folded sections in sequence

   GATT      General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

   gauch/e   awkward; -erie, awkwardness (not ital.)

   gauche    (Fr.), left; abbr. g.

   gaucho/   a mounted herdsman, native of the pampas, not gua-; pl. -s

   gaud/y    annual entertainment, esp.  college dinner; (adj.) showy; -ily,
             -iness

   gaug/e    a measure; -ing, not guage.  See also gage

   Gauguin (EugЉne Henri Paul)
             1848-1903, French painter

   Gaul      anc. France; adj. Gallic, (Fr.) gaulois/, fem. -e

   Gaullist  follower of de Gaulle

   Gauloise  propr. term for French cigarettes

   gauntlet/ a long glove, not gant-; -ed

   gauntr/ee, -y
             use gantry

   gaur      Indian ox, not gour

   Gauss     (Karl Friedrich), 1777-1855, German mathematician and physicist

   gauss     unit of magnetic induction, abbr. G; pl. same

   Gautama Buddha
             founder of Buddhism; see Buddha

   Gauthier-Villars
             publishers, Paris

   Gautier (Th‚ophile)
             1811-72, French writer

   gauzy     not -ey

   gavel     a president's hammer

   gavial    Asian crocodile, not ghar-

   gavotte   a dance, music for it

   gawby     use gaby

   gay/ety, -ly
             use gai-

   Gay-Lussac (Joseph Louis)
             1778-1850, French chemist and physicist

   gaz.      gazett/e, -ed, -eer

   gazebo/   summer-house, belvedere; pl. -s

   gazett/e, -ed, -eer
             abbr. gaz.

   gazpacho  cold vegetable soup

   gazump    to raise price to would-be buyer after agreement but before
             completion

7.3 GB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GB        Great Britain

   GBE       Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

   GBH       grievous bodily harm

   G.B.S.    (George Bernard Shaw, 1856-1950), Irish-born British dramatist
             and critic

7.4 GC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GC        George Cross; Golf Club

   GCA       Ground Controlled Approach (radar)

   GCB       Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath

   GCE       General Certificate of Education

   GCF       or g.c.f. (math.), greatest common factor

   GCHQ      Government Communications Headquarters

   GCI       Ground Controlled Interception (radar)

   GCIE      Kmght Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

   GCLH      Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour

   GCM       general court martial

   GCM       or g.c.m. (math.), greatest common measure

   GCMG      Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St
             George

   GCSI      Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India

   GCVO      Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order

7.5 GD...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GD        Grand/Duchess -- Duchy, -- Duke

   Gd        gadolinium (no point)

   Gdns.     Gardens

   GDP       gross domestic product

   GDR       German Democratic Republic

   Gdsm.     Guardsman

7.6 Ge...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Ge        germanium (no point)

   g.e.      (binding) gilt edges

   gearbox   (one word)

   gear-lever
             (hyphen)

   gearwheel (one word)

   geb.      (Ger.), geboren (born), gebunden (bound)

   GEC       General Electric Company

   gecko/    a house-lizard; pl. -s

   gee/-ho, ---up
             call to horses, not jee-

   geeloot   use gal-

   geezer    (slang), an old man. See also geyser

   gefuffle  use ker-

   Geiger counter
             (in full, Geiger-MЃller counter), instrument for detecting
             radioactivity

   Geisenheimer
             a white Rhine wine

   geisha/   Japanese dancing girl; pl.  -s

   Geissler (Heinrich)
             1814-79, German physicist, inventor of -- vacuum tube

   gel       (phys.), (form) semi-solid colloidal solution

   gelatin/e, -ize
             not -ise, -ous

   Geld      (Ger. a.), money (cap.)

   Gelderland
             E. Netherlands, not Guel-

   gelder rose
             use gue-

   gel‚e     (Fr. f.), frost, jelly

   Gel‚e (Claude)
             see Lorrain

   Gelert    faithful dog of Welsh legend

   Gellert (Christian FЃrchtegott)
             1715-69, German poet

   Gelsemium (bot.), not -inum

   gem       (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 4 pt.

   gemel     finger-ring, hinge, etc., not gemew, gimbal, gimmal, gimmer

   gemm/a    a bud; pl. -ae

   gemЃtlich (Ger.), leisurely, agreeab/le, comfortab/le, -ly

   Gen.      General, Genesis

   gen.      gender, genera, general, -ly, genitive, genus

   Gendarme/ (Fr. m.), pl. -s (not ital.)

   gendarmerie
             (Fr. f.), body of soldiers used as police

   gender    abbr. gen.

   g€n/e     (Fr. f), constraint; -‚, fem.  -‚e, constrained

   gene/     the carrying unit of a cell, the unit of heredity; pl. -s

   genealog/y
             family's pedigree; adj.  -ical, not -olog-

   genera    see genus

   General   abbr. Gen.

   General Assembly
             (Sc. Ch.), abbr. GA

   general election
             (not caps.)

   generalia (Lat. pl.), general principles

   generalissimo/
             supreme commander, pl. -s

   generalize
             not -ise

   generator not -er

   Genesis   abbr. Gen.

   genes/is  pl. -es

   genet     kind of civet-cat. See also jennet

   Geneva    Switzerland, in Fr. GenЉve, Ger. Genf, It. Ginevra; adj.
             Genevan; Genevese (sing. and pl.), native(s) of --, in Fr.
             genevois/, fem. -e(s)

   GeneviЉve (Sainte)
             patron of Paris

   Genghis Khan
             1162-1227, Mongol conqueror of N. China and Iran, not Jenghiz --

   gen/ie    a spirit in Muslim myth., pl. -ii. See also jinnee

   genit     use jennet

   genitive  abbr. gen. or genit.

   genius/   (person of) consummate intellectual power; pl. -es (genii is pl.
             of genie)

   geni/us loci
             (Lat.), the pervading spirit of a place; pl. -i loci

   Gennesaret (Sea of)
             not -eth

   gennet    use jennet

   Genoa     Italy; in Fr. G€nes, It.  Genova; adj. Genoese, not -ovese

   genocide  deliberate extermination of a race

   genre     (art), a painting of the ordinary scenes of life (not ital.)

   gens      a clan; pl. gentes

   Gens de Lettres (Soci‚t‚ des)
             French society of authors

   Gensfleisch
             see Gutenberg

   Gent      Fl. and Ger. for Ghent, Belgium

   gent.     gentle/man, -men

   genteel/  fashionable, snobbishly refined, adv. -ly

   Gentele's green
             a colour

   gentil/   (Fr.), fem. -le, gentle, kind

   gentile   anyone not a Jew. See also goy

   gentilhomme
             (Fr. m.), nobleman, gentleman; pl. gentilshommes

   gentleman-at-arms
             (hyphens)

   Gentleman's Magazine
             (not -men's)

   Gents (the)
             men's lavatory (cap., no point)

   genuflexion
             a bending of the knee, not -ction


   genus     pl. genera, abbr. gen. See also botany, zoology

   Geo.      George

   geod.     geode/sy (large-scale earth measurement), -tic

   Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (ђtienne)
             1772-1844, French zoologist, not -frey (one hyphen only)

   Geoffrey-Lloyd (Baron)


   geog.     geograph/er, -ical, -y

   geographical qualifiers
             forming everyday terms, usually have lower-case initials, as
             chinese white, indian ink, roman type. But Brussels sprouts,
             London pride. See capitalization and Hart's Rules, pp. 12-13

   geol.     geolog/ical, -ist, -y

   geologize not -ise

   geology   names of formations to have caps., as Old Red Sandstone

   geom.     geome/ter, -trical, -try

   Geordie   native of Tyneside

   Georg     Ger. for George

   George    abbr. Geo.

   George-Brown (Baron)


   Georgetown
             Guyana

   George Town
             Cayman Is., Malaysia (two words)

   Georgia   US; off. abbr. Ga. or (postal) GA

   Georgia   a Soviet Socialist Republic. See also USSR

   Georgian  of Georgia or the Georges

   Georgium sidus
             (astr.), old name for Uranus

   Ger.      German, Germany

   ger.      gerund, -ial

   geranium/ (bot.), pl. -s (not ital.)

   Gerard (John)
             1545-1612, English botanist, not -arde

   gerbil    desert rodent, not jer-

   gerfalcon use gyrfalcon

   G‚ricault (Jean Louis Andr‚ Th‚odore)
             1791-- 1824, French painter

   gerkin    use ghe-

   German    abbr. Ger. (typ.), now usually set in roman (Antiqua) type; see
             accents. The Fraktur alphabet (listed in Hart's Rules, p. 104)
             has no small caps. or italic, emphasis being shown by
             letter-spacing. For details of German printing-practice (note
             esp.  the rules on capitalization, word-division, and ligatures)
             see Hart's Rules, pp. 103-11

   german    (cousin)

   germane to
             relevant

   germanium symbol Ge

   Germanize not -ise

   Germany   abbr. Ger.

   G‚r“me (Jean L‚on)
             1824-1904, French painter

   gerrymander
             to manipulate unfairly, not je-

   gerund/, -ial
             abbr. ger.

   Ges.      (Ger.), Gesellschaft (a company or society) (cap.)

   gesammelte Werke
             (Ger. pl.), collected works (one cap.)

   Gesellschaft
             (Ger. f.), a company or society (cap.), abbr. Ges.

   gesso/    gypsum used in art, pl. -es

   gest.     (Ger.), gestorben, deceased

   Gestalt/  a shape, the whole as more than the sum of its parts; also used
             as adj. to describe philosophy or psychology based on this

   Gestapo   German secret police (under Hitler)

   Gesta Romanorum
             (Lat. pl.), medieval collection of anecdotes

   gesticulator
             one who moves his bands and arms in talking, not -er

   gestorben (Ger.), deceased; abbr.  gest.,

   gesundheit!
             (Ger.), your health (said also to one who sneezes)

   get-at-able
             accessible (hyphens)

   gettable  (two ts)

   Gettysburg
             Pennsylvania, scene of Battle and of Lincoln's address, 1863

   Geulinex (Arnold)
             1625-69, Dutch philosopher

   GeV       giga-electron-volt

   Gewandhaus
             (Ger. n.), Clothworkers' Hall, concert-hall in Leipzig

   gewgaw    gaudy plaything (one word)

   geyser    hot spring, water-heater (not ital.). See also geezer

7.7 GFS...
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   GFS       Girls' Friendly Society

7.8 GG...
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   GG        Girl Guides, Governor-General, Grenadier Guards

   Gg        gigagram

   g.gr.     a great gross, or 144 dozen

   GGSM      Graduate of Guildhall School of Music

7.9 Ghadames...
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   Ghadames  Libya

   Ghana     formerIy Gold Coast Colony, indep. 1957, republic 1960; adj.
             and noun Ghanaian

   Ghandi    use Gandhi

   gharial   use gavial

   gharry    a vehicle used in India, not gari

   ghat      (Anglo-Ind.), mountain pass, steps to a river, not ghѓt, gh t,
             ghaut

   Ghazi     Muslim fighter against non-Muslims

   ghee      Ind. butter, not ghi

   Gheel     Belgian commune long celebrated for its treatment of mentally
             ill

   Ghent     Belgium, in Fr. Gand, Fl. and Ger. Gent

   gherao    Ind. & Pak. lock-in of employers

   gherkin   a small cucumber, not ge-, gi, gu-

   ghetto/   (hist.) Jews' quarter, slum area; pl. -s (not ital.)

   ghi       use ghee

   ghiaour   use gi-

   Ghibelline
             one of the Emperor's faction in medieval Italian states, opp. to
             Guelph; not -in, Gib-, Guib-

   Ghiberti (Lorenzo)
             1378-1455, Italian sculptor, painter, goldsmith

   Ghirlandaio (Domenico)
             1449-94, Italian painter

   Ghizeh    use Giza

   Ghonds    use Gonds

   Ghoorkas  use Gurkhas

   ghoul     an evil spirit, not -ool, -oule, -owl

   GHQ       General Headquarters

   Ghurkas   use Gurkhas

7.10 GI...
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   GI        (US), Government Issue, (colloq.)  serviceman

   Giacometti (Alberto)
             1901-66, Swiss sculptor, painter, poet

   giallo antico
             (It.), a rich-yellow marble

   Giant's Causeway
             Co. Antrim, not -ts'

   giaour    Turk. name for non-Muslim, not ghiaour, giaur

   Giaour (The)
             poem by Byron, 1813

   Gib.      Gibraltar

   gibber    to chatter, not j-

   gibbet/, -ed, -ing


   Gibbon (Edward)
             1737-94, English historian

   Gibbons (Grinling)
             1648-1720, English carver; -- (Orlando), 1583-1625, English
             composer

   gibbo/us  hump-backed, doubly convex like the moon between half and full;
             -sity

   gib/e     to sneer; -er, -ing. See also gybe

   Gibeline  use Ghibelline

   Gibraltar/
             abbr. Gib.; adj. -ian

   gibus     opera-hat (not ital.)

   Gide (Andr‚ Paul Guillaume)
             1869-1951, French writer

   Gideon    member of body distributing bibles

   Gielgud (Sir Arthur John)
             b. 1904, English actor and producer

   Giessen   university city, W. Germany

   giga-     prefix meaning one thousand million, abbr. G

   gigolo/   pl. -s (not ital.)

   gigot/    (cook.) leg of mutton; -- sleeve (two words); not j-

   gigue     a lively dance

   Gilbert (Sir William Schwenck)
             1836-1911, English librettist

   Gil Blas  picaresque satire by Le Sage, 1715

   gild      an association, use guild

   Gilead    mountainous district east of R. Jordan

   Gill (Arthur Eric Rowton)
             1882-1940, artist, sculptor, type-designer and typographer;
             designed Perpetua and Gill Sans founts

   Gillette (King Camp)
             1855-1932, US inventor of safety razor; -- (William), 1857-1937,
             US actor and writer

   Gillray (James)
             1757-1815, English caricaturist

   gillyflower
             clove-scented flower, not jilli-

   gilt      abbr. gt.

   gimbal    use gemel

   gimcrack  trumpery, not jim-

   gimlet    a tool, not gimb-

   gimm/al, -er
             use gemel

   gimmick   a contrivance, device

   gimp      a trimming, a fishing-line, not gui-, gy-

   Ginevra   It. for Geneva

   ginger/-ale, -beer
             (hyphens)

   ginglym/us
             (anat.), a hingelike joint such as the elbow, pl. -i; adj. -oid

   ginkgo    oriental tree, not gingko

   ginn      see jinnee

   Gioconda (La)
             see Mona Lisa; opera by Ponchielli, 1876; play by d'Annunzio,
             1898

   Giorgione (Giorgio Barbarelli da Castelfranco)
               1475-1510, Italian painter

   Giotto di Bondone
             1266-1337, Italian painter and architect; adj.  Giottesque

   gipsy     use gyp-

   girandole a firework (not ital.)

   girasol   a fire-opal, not -ole

   Giraudoux (Jean)
             1881-1944, French novelist and playwright

   girkin    use ghe-

   Girl Guide
             now Guide

   giro      a Post Office system of money transfer, not Gy-

   Girond/e  d‚p. SW France; -ist, French moderate republican, 1791-3

   Giscard d'Estaing (Val‚ry)
             b. 1926, Pres. of France 1974-81

   gitan/o   (Sp.), fem. -a, gypsy

   gite      a stopping-place; in Fr. m.  gЊte

   Giulia, Giulio, Giuseppe
             It. names, not Gui-

   Giulini (Carlo Maria)
             b. 1914, Italian conductor

   Giulio Romano
             c.1499-1546, Italian architect

   giuoco piano
             (It.), quiet play (a chess opening)

   giveable  not givable

   Giza      site of pyramids, Egypt, not El-Ghiz-, -eh

7.11 Gk.
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   Gk.       Greek

7.12 glace...
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   glace     (Fr. cook. f.), ice

   glac‚     glazed

   gladiol/us
             (bot.), pl. -i (not ital.)

   Gladstone/ bag, -- cap
             (two words)

   Gladstonian
             not -ean

   Glagolitic
             pertaining to former Slavonic alphabet

   Glam.     Glamorgan

   glamorize not -ise

   glam/our  but -orous

   Glas.     Glasgow

   glaserian fissure
             (anat.), not glass-

   Glasse (Mrs Hannah)
             wrote The Art of Cookery in 1747

   glassful  pl. glassfuls

   glasshouse
             greenhouse, (slang) mil.  prison

   Glaswegian
             of Glasgow

   Glauber/ (Johann Rudolf)
             1604-68, German chemist; --'s salt, a cathartic (apos.)

   glaucoma  an eye-disease

   glaucous  greenish; (bot.) covered with a bloom

   Glazunov (Alexander Konstantinovich)
             1805-1930, Russian composer

   GLC       Greater London Council

   Gleichschaltung
             (Ger. f.), standardization of institutions

   Glen      written separately when referring not to a settlement but to the
             glen itself, as Glen Almond, Glen Coe

   Glenalmond
             Tayside

   Glencoe   Highland

   Glendower (Owen)
             Welsh chieftain d.  1416; in Welsh Owain Glyndwr

   Glenealy  Co. Wicklow

   Gleneely  Co. Donegal

   glengarry a Scotch cap

   Glenlivet a whisky, not -at, -it (one word)

   Glenrothes
             Fife, "new town", 1948

   glissade  a slide down a steep slope (not ital.)

   glissando (mus.), slurred, in a gliding manner

   gliss‚    sliding step in dance

   glockenspiel/
             orchestral percussion instrument, pl. -s

   Gloria/   (liturgy), pl. -s

   Gloria/ in Excelsis, -- Patri
             hymns

   Gloria Tibi
             glory to Thee (cap. T)

   Glos.     Gloucestershire

   gloss     a superficial lustre, a marginal note

   gloss.    glossary, a collection of glosses

   Gloucestershire
             abbr. Glos.

   Gloucestr:
             sig. of Bp. of Gloucester (colon)

   glove/ box, -- compartment, -- puppet
             (two words)

   glower    to gaze angrily, not glour

   glow-worm (hyphen)

   gloxinia/ (bot.); pl. -s (not ital.)

   Gluck (Christoph Willibald von)
             1714-87 German composer, not Gl–-

   glu/e, -ed, -ey, -ing


   glue-pot  (hyphen)

   glut/en   nitrogenous part of wheat-flour, not -in; but -inize, -inous

   glycerine not -in

   Glyndwr   see Glendower

7.13 GM...
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   GM        George Medal, Grand Master

   gm.       gram, use g

   G-man     (US colloq.), special (police) agent of the FBI

   G.m.b.H., GmbH
             (Ger.), Gesellschaft mit beschr„nkter Haftung (limited liability
             company)

   GMC       General Medical Council

   GMT       Greenwich Mean Time

   GMWU      General and Municipal Workers' Union

7.14 gn....
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   gn.       guinea

   GNC       General Nursing Council

   gneiss    (geol.), a laminated rock (not ital.)

   gnocchi   (It. pl.), small dumplings

   gnos/is   knowledge of spiritual mysteries; pl. -es; -tic, having
             spiritual knowledge; Gnosticism, an eclectic philosophy of the
             redemption of the spirit from matter through knowledge

   GNP       gross national product

   Gnr.      (mil.), gunner

   gns.      guineas

   gnu/      antelope; pl. -s

7.15 GO...
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   GO        general order, great (or grand) organ

   go/       (noun), pl. -es

   goal      the objective at games, etc.  See also gaol

   goalkeeper
             (one word)

   goatee    chin-tuft like a goat's beard

   goat/herd, -skin, -sucker
             (bird) (one word)

   goats-beard
             plant or fungus (hyphen)

   goaty     goatlike

   gobbledegook
             pompous jargon, not -dyg-

   Gobbo (Launcelot)
             in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice; -- (Old), his father

   Gobelin tapestry
             not -ins

   gobemouche/
             credulous person, pl.  -s; in Fr. m. sing. and pl. gobe -mouches

   Gobi      desert in Mongolia and E.  Turkistan

   goby      a fish (not ital.)

   GOC       General Officer Commanding

   go-cart   miniature racing-car, use -kart

   God-awful (hyphen, cap.)

   godchild  (one word)

   god-daughter
             (hyphen)

   godfather (one word)

   God-fearing
             (hyphen, cap.)

   godhead   divine nature, but the Godhead (cap.)

   godless   (one word)

   Godley (Arthur)
             see Kilbracken

   godlike   (one word)

   god/mother, -parent
             (one word)

   God's acre
             a burial ground (apos., one cap.)

   god/send, -sent
             (one word)

   godson    (one word)

   Godspeed  (one word, cap.)

   Godthaab  Greenland

   godwit    a marsh bird

   Goebbels (Joseph Paul)
             1897-1945, German minister of propaganda, 1933-45, not Go-

   Goehr (Alexander)
             b. 1932, German-born composer; -- (Walter), 1903-60, his father,
             German conductor

   Goering (Hermann)
             1893-1946, German field marshal, not Go-

   Goeth/e (Johann Wolfgang von)
             1749-1832, German poet and playwright, not Go-, Got,-; adj. -ian

   goffer    to crimp, iron used, not gauffer; animal, wood, use gopher

   Goffs Oak Herts. (no apos.)

   goi       (Heh.), a Gentile, use goy

   Goidel    a member of Gadhelic peoples, a Gael

   go-kart   miniature racing-car, not -cart (hyphen)

   Golconda  a rich source of wealth (from a ruined city near Hyderabad)

   gold      symbol Au

   gold blocking
             (bind.), see blocking

   gold-dust (hyphen)

   Golders Green
             NW London (no apos.)

   gold-field
             (hyphen)

   golf ball (two words), but golf-ball typewriter (comp.), used in strike-on
             (q.v.) composition (hyphen)

   golf-club the implement (hyphen)

   golf club the premises or association (two words)

   Goliath   Philistine giant, type of crane, not -iah

   Gollancz (Sir Israel)
             1864-1930, English writer; -- (Sir Victor), 1893-1967, British
             publisher and writer

   golliwog  not golly-

   golosh    use galosh

   GOM       Grand Old Man (esp. W. E.  Gladstone)

   Gomorr/ah (OT); -ha (NT), but -ah in NEB

   Goncharov (Ivan Alexandrovich)
             1812-91, Russian novelist

   Goncourt (Edmond Louis Antoine)
             1822-96, and his brother -- (Jules Alfred Huot), 1830-70, French
             novelists; Prix -- (named after Edmond)

   gondola/  pl. -s (not ital.)

   Gonds     a tribe of cent. India, not Gh-

   Gongo     tributary of the Za‹re

   Gўngora y Argote (Luis de)
             1561-1627, Spanish poet

   gongorism Spanish form of euphuism

   gonorrhoea
             not -oea

   Gonville  see Caius

   good-afternoon
             (salutation) (hyphen)

   goodbye   (one word)

   good/-day, -evening
             (salutations) (hyphens)

   Good Friday
             (caps., two words)

   good humour
             (two words); good -humoured (hyphen)

   good-morning
             (salutation) (hyphen)

   good nature
             (two words); good -natured (hyphen)

   good-night
             (salutation) (hyphen)

   Good/ Samaritan, -- Templar
             (caps.)

   goodwill  of a business, etc. (one word)

   Goorkhas  use Gur-

   gooroo    use guru

   goose     pl. geese, (in tailoring) gooses

   goose/-flesh, -skin
             (hyphens)

   goose step
             (two words)

   goosey    dim. of goose, not -sie, -sy

   Goossens  19th-20th c. Anglo-Belgian family of musicians

   GOP       Grand Old Party (Republican party in US)

   gopher    a kind of wood, burrowing animal. See also goffer

   Gorbachov (Mikhail)
             b. 1931, Gen.  Sec. of Communist Party of USSR 1985-, President
             of USSR 1988-

   Gordian knot
             tied by Gordius, cut by Alexander the Great

   Gordonstoun School
             Elgin, Grampian

   Gordonstown
             Grampian

   Gorgio/   non-gypsy; pl. -s

   Gorgonzola
             a cheese

   Gorky/ (Maxim)
             1868-1936, pseud. of A. M. Peshkov, Russian writer; --, USSR,
             formerly Nijni Novgorod

   gormand   use gour-

   gormandize
             to eat greedily, not gour-, -se

   gors/e    furze; adj. -y

   Gorsedd   meeting of Welsh bards and druids

   Goschen (Viscount)


   Goshen    a land of plenty

   go-slow   (noun, hyphen)

   Gospodin  (Russ.), Lord, Mr; fem.  Gospoja. (In modern Russian tovarishch
             (comrade) is off. use)

   Goss      (Sir John), 1800-80, English organist and composer

   Gosse (Sir Edmund William)
             1849-1928, English writer; -- (Philip Henry), 1810-88, his
             father, English naturalist

   gossip/, -ed, -er, -ing, -y
             (one p)

   G”teborg  Sweden, in Ger. Gothenburg

   Gotham (wise men of)
             i.e. fools; -- (US colloq.), New York City

   Gothic    architecture, etc. (cap.); abbr. Goth.

   Gothic    (typ.), loose name for (esp.  bold) sanserif faces; former name
             for Old English faces

   G”tterdammerung
             (Twilight of the Gods), last part of Wagner's Ring des
             Nibelungen, 1876

   G”ttingen University
             W. Germany

   gouache   a method of water-colour painting

   Gouda     a Dutch cheese

   gouge     a concave chisel

   goujon    (Fr. m.), gudgeon fish

   gouk      use gowk

   gour      Indian ox, use gaur

   gourmand/ a glutton; -ise, indulgence in gluttony. See also gormandize

   gourmet   an epicure

   go–t      (Fr. m.), taste

   Goutte d'or
             a white burgundy wine

   gov.      govern/or, -ment

   Government
             meaning the State (cap.); abbr. Govt.

   Governor-General
             abbr. Gov.-Gen. or GG

   Gowers (Sir Ernest)
             1880-1966, English civil servant, author of Plain Words, reviser
             of Fowler's Modern English Usage

   gowk      a fool, not gouk

   goy/      Jewish name for Gentile; pl.  -im

   Goya y Lucientes (Francisco Jos‚ de)
             1746-1828, Spanish painter

7.16 GP...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GP        general practitioner, Graduate in Pharmacy, Grand Prix, Gloria
             Patri (glory be to the Father)

   Gp.       Group

   g.p.      great primer

   Gp/Capt   (RAF), Group Captain (no points)

   GPDST     Girls' Public Day School Trust

   GPO       General Post Office

7.17 GR...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GR        Georgius, or Gulielmus, Rex (King George, or William)

   Gr.       Grand, Greater, Grecian, Greece, Greek

   gr.       grain, -s; for gram use g.

   Graafian follicle
             in ovary

   Graal     use Grail

   Gracchus (Gaius Sempronius)
             153-121 BC, and his brother -- (Tiberius Sempronius), 163-133
             BC, the Gracchi, Roman reformers

   grace-note
             (mus.) (hyphen)

   Graci n (Baltasar)
             1601-58, Spanish moralist

   gradatim  (Lat.), step by step

   gradus ad Parnassum
             (Lat.), step(s) to Parnassus; Lat. or Gr. poetical dictionary;
             any series of graded exercises; in short gradus (not ital.)

   Graeae    (Gr. myth.), three sisters who guarded the abode of the Gorgons

   Graec/ism a Greek characteristic; -ize, -ophile

   Graf      (Ger.), a count; fem. Gr„fin (cap.)

   graffit/o scribbling, usu. on wall; pl. -i. See also sgraffito

   Grahame (Kenneth)
             1859-1932, English author

   Graian Alps
             France and Italy

   Grail (the Holy)
             in medieval legend, the platter used by Christ at the Last
             Supper, and by Joseph of Arimathea to catch Christ's blood, not
             Graal, Graile

   grain     apothecaries', avoirdupois, or troy weight, all the same, being
             0.0648 gram; abbr. gr.

   Grainger (Percy Aldridge)
             1882-1961, Australian-born US composer

   gram      unit of mass; abbr. g. (but no point in scientific and technical
             work);in SI units 0.001 kg

   gram.     gramm/ar, -arian, -atical

   gramaphone
             use gramo-

   graminivorous
             feeding on grass, not gramen-

   gramm/ar, -arian, -atical
             abbr.  gram.

   grammar school
             (two words)

   gramme    use gram

   Grammont  E. Flanders, Belgium

   Gramont (Philibert, comte de)
             1621-1707, French courtier, adventurer, and soldier, not Gramm-

   gramophone
             not grama-, grammo-

   Gram's stain
             (bacteriol.) (cap.)

   Granada   Spain

   granadilla
             one of the passion-flowers, not gren- (not ital.)

   Gran Chaco (El)
             region in Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina, S. America

   Grand     abbr. G. or Gr.

   grandad   not grand-dad

   grandam   grandmother, old woman, not -dame

   grand-aunt
             (hyphen)

   Grand Canyon
             Arizona, US

   grandchild
             (one word)

   Grand Coulee Dam
             Washington, US

   grand-dad use grandad

   granddaughter
             (one word)

   Grand/ Duchess, -- Duchy, -- Duke
             (two words, both caps. if used as title); abbr. GD

   grande/ dame
             (Fr.), dignified lady; -- passion, violent love-affair; --
             tenue, or -- toilette, full dress

   grandeur naturelle
             (Fr. f.), life-size

   grandfather
             (one word)

   Grand Guignol
             horrific drama (not ital.)

   grand jury
             (not caps.)

   grand mal (Fr. m.), serious form of epilepsy (ital.)

   grandmaster
             chess-player of highest class

   Grand Master
             (caps.), abbr. GM

   grand' messe
             (Fr. f.), high mass

   Grand Monarque (le)
             Louis XIV

   grand monde (le)
             (Fr.), the Court and nobility

   grandmother
             (one word)

   grand/-nephew, -niece
             (hyphen)

   Grand Old Party
             (US), the Republican party; abbr. GOP

   grandparent
             (one word)

   Grand Prix
             (Fr.), international motor-racing event; pl. Grands -- (not
             ital.); abbr. GP

   Grand Rapids
             town, Michigan, US

   grand signior
             one of high rank; (caps.) the Sultan of Turkey; in Fr. grand
             seigneur; It. gran signore; Sp. gran se¤or

   grandson  (one word), abbr. g.s.

   granduncle
             (one word)

   grangerize
             to illustrate a book with cuttings etc. from other sources, to
             produce a book with blank leaves for these; not -ise (not cap.)

   granny    not -ie

   Grant Duff (Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone)
             1829-1906, Scottish politician (no hyphen)

   granter   one who grants

   Granth    the Sikh scriptures, not Grunth

   grantor   (law), one who makes a grant

   gran turismo
             (It.), touring-car

   Granville-Barker (Harley)
             1877-1946, English playwright, producer, and actor

   grapefruit
             pl. same

   graphology
             study of character from handwriting, not graphio-

   gras      (Fr.), fem. grasse, fat. See also gros

   Grasmere  Cumbria

   grass/    (typ.), casual work; -- hand, one casually employed

   Grass (GЃnter Wilhelm)
             b. 1927, German novelist

   Grasse    d‚p. Alpes-Maritimes, France

   grass/hopper, -land
             (one word)

   gratia Dei
             (Lat.), by the grace of God

   gratin    see au gratin

   gratis    for nothing, free (not ital.)

   Grattan (Henry)
             1746-1820, Irish statesman and orator

   Gratz     Austria, use Graz

   Gr„tz     Czechoslovakia, use Hradec

   Gr„tz     Poland, use Grodzisk

   GraubЃnden
             Ger. for Grisons

   grauwacke use grey-

   gravamen/ chief ground of complaint; pl. -s

   grave     (mus.), slow, solemn

   grave accent


   gravel/   cover with gravel, puzzle; -led, -ling

   Graves    a Bordeaux white wine

   Graves' disease
             exophthalmic goitre (apos.)

   grave/stone, -yard
             (one word)

   gravitas  (Lat.), solemn demeanour

   gravure   (typ.), intaglio printing process (from photogravure)

   gray      colour, use grey

   gray      unit of absorbed radiation dose; abbr. Gy (no point); in SI
             units 1 J/kg

   Gray (Asa)
             1850-88, US botanist; -- (Louis Harold), 1905-65, English
             radiobiologist; -- (Thomas), 1716-71, English poet. See also
             Grey

   grayling  a fish, not grey-

   Gray's Inn
             London

   graywacke use grey-

   Graz      cap. of Styria, Austria, not Gratz

   grazier   one who pastures cattle, not -zer

   GRCM      Graduate of the Royal College of Music

   greasy    not -ey

   Great Britain
             abbr. GB

   Greater Manchester
             metropolitan county

   great gross
             144 dozen; abbr. g.gr.

   Great Power
             (caps. with hist.  reference)

   great primer
             (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 18 pt.; pron.
             primmer; abbr. g.p.

   Greats    Oxford BA final examination for honours in Lit. Hum.

   Grecian   almost entirely superseded by Greek except as adj. with ref.  to
             archit. and facial outline, and as noun for a boy in the top
             form at Christ's Hospital, or a Greek-speaking Jew of the
             Dispersion; also -- bend, -- knot, -- slippers; abbr. Gr.

   Grec/ism, -ize, -ophil
             use Grae-

   Greco (El)
             1541-1614, Spanish painter, born in Crete, real name Domenico
             Theotocopuli or Kyriakos Theotokopoulos

   Greece    abbr. Gr.

   greegree  Afr. fetish, not gri-gri

   Greek     (typ.) for details of alphabet, word-division, accentuation,
             numerals, etc. see Hart's Rules, pp. 111-16. See also accents.
             With a few exceptions for early texts, the same sorts are used
             in classical and modern work, but modern initial rho does not
             take a breathing. In England a sloping fount (esp. Porson, q.v.)
             is preferred for classical work; in Greece and the continent
             generally, upright founts predominate in all setting, and in
             some (not scholarly) work accents and breathings are replaced by
             superscript dots. Abbr. Gr. or Gk.

   Greek calends (at the)
             never; in Lat. ad kalendas Graecas

   Greeley (Horace)
             1811-72, US journalist and politician

   Greely (Adolphus Washington)
             1844-1935, US general and Arctic explorer

   Green     (John Richard), 1837-83, English historian

   Greene    (Sir Conyngham), 1854-1934, British diplomatist; -- (Graham), b.
             1904, English novelist; -- (Plunket), 1865-1936, English singer;
             -- (Robert), 1560-92, English dramatist and pamphleteer

   green/gage, -grocer, -house
             (one word)

   Greenland/, -er, -ic


   green-room
             room off-stage for actors (hyphen)

   greensand a sandstone; Lower and Upper Greensand, two strata of the
             Cretaceous system

   Greenwich Mean Time
             (caps.), abbr.  GMT

   greetings card
             not greeting (two words)

   gregale   the Mediterranean NE wind, not -cale, grigale (not cap.)

   grЉge     colour between beige and grey, not grei-

   gregory-powder
             an aperient

   Greifswald
             E. German university town

   Grenada   W. Indies, indep. 1974

   grenadilla
             use gran-

   grenadine a thin silk fabric; (cook.) dish of veal or poultry fillets; a
             syrup made from currants or pomegranates, in Fr. m. grenadin

   Grenadines
             chain of islands between Grenada and St Vincent, W. Indies

   Gresham/'s Law
             "bad money drives out good", from Sir Thomas --, 1519-79,
             English financier

   Gr‚try (Andr‚ Erneste Modeste)
             1741-1813, French composer

   Greuze (Jean Baptiste)
             1725-1805, French painter

   Gr‚vy (Fran‡ois Paul Jules)
             1807-91, French President, 1879-87

   grey      colour, not gray

   Grey      (Lady Jane), 1537-54, proclaimed Queen of Eng., 1553, deposed,
             beheaded. See also Fallodon; Gray

   greybeard old man, large jug, clematis (one word)

   Greyfriars College
             Oxford

   grey-hen  fem. of blackcock (hyphen)

   greyhound (one word)

   greyling  use gra-

   grey matter
             (two words)

   greywacke (geol.), a sedimentary rock, not grau-, gray- (not ital.)

   Grieg (Edvard Hagerup)
             not Edward, 1843-1907, Norwegian composer

   Grieve    see MacDiarmid

   griffin   a fabulous creature, not -on, gryphon

   griffon   vulture, breed of dog

   grigale   use gre-

   gri-gri   use greegree

   grill     to cook under grill, etc.

   grille    a grating (not ital.)

   grill/‚   fem. -‚e (Fr. cook.), broiled

   grimalkin a cat, spiteful old woman

   Grimm (Jakob)
             1785-1863, and his brother -- (Wilhelm), 1786-1859, German
             philologists, collectors of fairy-tales; Grimm's Law, deals with
             consonantal changes in Germanic languages

   Grimond (Joseph)
             b. 1913, British Liberal politician

   Grimsetter Airport
             Orkney

   grimy     begrimed, not -ey

   Grindelwald
             Switz., not Grindle-

   grindstone
             (one word)

   gringo/   (Sp. Amer.), a foreigner, esp. English-speaking (derog.); pl.
             -s (not ital.)

   grippe    influenza

   Griqua/   half-breed of Cape Dutch and Hottentot parents; -land, S.
             Africa

   grisaille a method of decorative painting (not ital.)

   grisette  a working girl

   grisly    terrible, not grizz-

   Gris-Nez  (Cap), d‚p. Pas-de-Calais, France (hyphen)

   Grisons   Swiss canton, in Ger.  Graubunden

   grissini  (It. pl.), long sticks of crispbread

   gristly   having or like gristle, not -ey

   Grizel    a proverbial meek wife

   grizzly/  grey-haired; -- bear (two words)

   gro.      gross

   Grodzisk  Poland, not Gratz

   groin     the fold between belly and thigh; (archit.) line of intersection
             of two vaults. See also groyne

   gros/     (Fr.), fem. -se, big. See also gras

   grosbeak  the hawfinch

   groschen  (m.), Austrian and old German small coin; pl. same

   grosgrain corded silk fabric

   gros point
             (Fr. m.), cross-stitch embroidery on canvas

   gross     (144) is sing. and pl.; abbr.  gro.

   Grosseteste (Robert)
             1175-1253, Bp.  of Lincoln

   grosso modo
             (It.), approximately

   Grote (George)
             1794-1871, English historian

   grotesque (typ.), nineteenth-century sanserif typeface; abbr. grot.

   grotesquerie
             not -ery (not ital.)

   Grotius (Hugo)
             1583-1645, Dutch jurist and statesman (Latinized form of De
             Groot)

   grotto/   pl. -es

   ground/floor, -- level
             (two words, hyphen as adj.)

   ground/-plan, -rent
             (hyphens)

   ground/sheet, -work
             (one word)

   grovel/, -led, -ler, -ling


   Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians
             now The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

   groyn/e   a breakwater; -ing. See also groin

   GRSM      Graduate of the Royal Schools of Music (the Royal Academy and
             the Royal College)

   GRT       gross registered tonnage

   Grub Street
             London, former haunt of literary hacks, later Milton Street, now
             demolished

   grummet   (naut.), a rope ring, not gro-

   Grundy (Mrs)
             in Thos. Morton's Speed the Plough, 1798, type of conventional
             propriety

   Grunth    the Sikh scriptures, use Granth

   GruyЉre   (Fr. m.), a French Swiss cheese

   GruyЉres  Switzerland

   Gryphius (S‚bastien)
             1491-1556, German-born French printer, not Gryptinus

   gryphon   use griffin

   grysbok   (Afrik.), an antelope, not -buck

7.18 GS...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GS        General/Secretary, -- Service (mil.), -- Staff; Grammar School

   g.s.      grandson

   GSM       Guildhall School of Music

   g.s.m.    grams per square metre

   GSO       General Staff Officer

   GSP       (naval), Good Service Pension

   G/-string, -suit
             (hyphens)

7.19 GT...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   GT        Good Templar; Gran Turismo

   gt.       gilt, great, gutta

   g.t.      (bind.), gilt top

   gtt.      guttae

7.20 gu....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   gu.       gules

   guacho    use gaucho

   Guadalupe/
             Spain; -- Hidalgo, Mexico; -- Mts., Texas and New Mexico

   Guadeloupe
             W. Indies

   guage     use gauge

   guaiacum  (bot.), trop. American tree; resin obtained from it

   Guaira (La)
             Venezuela, not Guayra

   Guam      Marianas Islands, not Guaham, Guajam

   guana     a lizard, shortened from iguana

   guano     fertilizer from sea-birds' excrement

   guarant/ee
             use in all senses of noun and verb, not -y; -or, one who gives a
             guarantee

   guaranty  undertaking of liability, use guarantee

   guards    (bind.), strips of paper or linen to which the inner margins of
             odd leaves of plates etc. are pasted before sewing

   guard-ship
             (hyphen)

   Guareschi (Giovanni)
             1908-68, Italian novelist

   Guarneri  violin makers, not -nieri, -nerius

   Guatemala Cent. America

   Guayaquil Ecuador

   Guayra    use La Guaira

   guazzo    (It.), same as gouache

   Guedalla (Philip)
             1889-1944, British writer

   Guelderland
             use Geld-

   guelder rose
             not ge-

   Guelph    one of the Pope's faction in medieval Italian states, opp. to
             Ghibelline, not Guelf

   Guenevere (Defence of)
             by W.  Morris, 1858. See also Guinevere

   Guernica  Spain; subject of painting by Picasso, 1937

   Guernsey  a Channel Island, in Fr.  Guernesey

   guernsey  a heavy knitted woollen jersey

   guerre    (Fr. f.), war

   guerrilla/
             a person or body engaged in -- warfare, irregular fighting by
             small bodies, not -eri-

   guesswork (one word)

   Gueux     league of Dutch nobles, 1565-6

   Guevara de la Serna (Ernesto "Che")
             1928-69, Cuban revolutionary leader

   Guglielmo It. for William

   Gui (Vittorio)
             1885-1975, Italian conductor and composer

   Guiana (British)
             now Guyana; -- (Dutch), now Surinam

   Guibelline
             use Ghi-

   guichet   ticket-office window

   Guide     member of girls' organization, formerly Girl Guide (cap.)

   guidebook (one word)

   Guido     It. for Guy

   Guilbert (Yvette)
             1869-1944, French diseuse

   guild     an association, not gild

   guilder   Anglicized form of gulden

   Guildford Surrey, not Guilf-

   Guildford:
             sig. of Bp. of Guildford (colon)

   guild-hall
             not gi- (hyphen); but Guildhall, London

   Guilford (Earl of)


   Guili/a, -o
             It. names, use Giu-

   guillemets
             (typ.), Fr. etc.  quotation marks ® and Ї; see Hart's Rules

   guillemot a sea-bird

   guilloche archit. ornament (not ital.)

   guillotine
             a beheading apparatus, a paper-cutting machine, a device for
             terminating parliamentary debates

   guimp     use gimp

   Guinea/   formerly part of Fr. W.  Africa, indep. 1958, adj. -n; --
             Bissau, formerly Portuguese Guinea, indep. 1974; -- (New), E.
             Indies

   guinea/   21/-, 1.05 pounds stg., pl.  -s; abbr. g., gn., gns.

   guinea-pig
             a small S. American rodent; the subject of an experiment
             (hyphen)

   Guinevere wife of King Arthur. See also Guenevere

   Guiranwala
             Pakistan

   Guisborough
             Cleveland

   Guiscard (Robert)
             11th c., Norman leader

   Guiseppe  It. name, use Giu-

   Gujarat   area in India, not Guze-

   Gujrat    town in Pakistan

   gulden    Dutch silver florin; also med. German coin and Austrian unit of
             account

   gules     (her.), red, abbr. gu.

   Gulf/     cap. when with name, as Gulf of Corinth, Persian Gulf; abbr. G.;
             -- Stream (no hyphen)

   Gulielmus Lat. for William

   gullible  easily cheated, not -able

   Gulliver's Travels
             by Swift, 1726

   gully     a channel, not -ey

   gum arabic
             (two words)

   gumbo/    kind of soup, pl. -s

   gum/boil, -boot
             (one word)

   gum-shield
             (hyphen)

   gum-tree  (hyphen)

   gun.      gunnery

   gun/boat, -fire
             (one word)

   gun dog   (two words)

   Gungl (Josef)
             1810-89, Hungarian composer

   gun-lock  (hyphen)

   gunman    armed person (one word)

   gunnel    use gunwale

   gunnery   (naval), abbr. G. or gun.

   gunny     sacking

   gun/point, -powder, -ship, -shot, -smith
             (one word)

   Gunter's chain
             a surveyor's, 66 ft.  long

   Gunther   character in the Nibelungenlied (no umlaut)

   gunwale   upper edge of ship's side, not gunnel

   Gurkhas   Nepalese soldiers in Indian or British service, not Ghoor-,
             Ghur-, Goor-

   gurkin    use gher-

   gurnard   a fish, not -net

   guru      religious teacher, esp. Sikh, not gooroo

   Gutenberg or Gensfleisch (Johann)
             c.1399-1468, German inventor (so generally assumed) of movable
             metal types

   gutt/a    a drop, abbr. gt.; pl. -ae, abbr. gtt.

   gutta-percha
             hard rubber-like substance (hyphen, not ital.)

   gutter    (typ.), space between imposed pages of type allowing for two
             foredge margins; in a book, the inner space between two columns
             or pages

   guttural  connected with the throat

   Guyan/a   NE South America, formerly Brit. Guiana, indep. 1966; adj.  -ese

   Guyot (Yves)
             1843-1928, French economist

   Guy's Hospital
             London (apos.)

   Guzerat   India, use Gujarat

7.21 Gwalior...
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   Gwalior   India

   Gwent     Welsh county

   GWR       Great Western Railway (prior to nationalization)

   Gwyn (Nell)
             1650-87, English actress, mistress of Charles II, not -nne

   Gwynedd   Welsh county

   Gwynn (Stephen)
             1864-1950, English writer

7.22 Gy...
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   Gy        gray (no point)

   gybe      (naut.), change course. See also gibe

   gym/      colloq. for gymnasium (no point); ---slip (hyphen)

   gymkhana  an athletic display, a pony-club competition, not -kana (not
             ital.)

   gymnasium/
             pl. -s (not ital.); colloq. gym

   gymnot/us the electric eel; pl. -i (not ital.)

   gymp      use gimp

   gynaeceum (Gk. and Rom.), women's apartments in a house

   gynaecology
             study of women's diseases; abbr. gyn.

   gynoeci/um
             (bot.), female organ of flower, pl. -a

   gypsum    hydrated calcium sulphate

   gypsy     not gipsy

   gyrfalcon not ger-, jer-

   Gyro      use Gi-

   gyro/     pl. -s

8.0 H
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8.1 H...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   H         henry (unit of inductance), hydrogen, (pencils) hard (see also
             HH, HHH), (former film-censorship classification) horrific,
             (mus.) B natural in German system, the eighth in a series

   H.        harbour, hydrant

   h         hour, -s (in scientific and technical work), (as prefix) hecto-

   h.        hardness, height, husband, (meteor.) hail

   H.        (Ger.), Heft (number, part)

   h         Planck's constant, q.v.

8.2 HA...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HA        Historical Association, Horse Artillery

   Ha        hahnium (no point)

   ha        hectare (no point in scientific and technical work)

   h.a.      hoc anno (in this year), hujus anni (this year's)

   Haag (den)
             Dutch for The Hague (informal, cf. 's-Gravenhage)

   Haakon    name of seven Norwegian kings

   haar      a raw sea-mist (E. coast of England and Scotland)

   Haarlem   Netherlands. See also Harlem

   hab.      habitat

   Habakkuk  (OT), abbr. Hab.  Habana, Sp. for Havana

   habanera  a Cuban dance

   habeas corpus
             writ to produce a person before court; abbr. hab.  corp.

   Habeas Corpus Act


   habendum  (law), part of deed defining estate or interest granted

   Haberdashers' Aske's School
             Elstree

   habet     (Lat.), he is hit. See also hoc habet

   habile    skilful, able, not -ille (not ital.)

   habitat   normal abode of animal or plant (not ital.); abbr. hab.

   habitu/‚  (Fr.), fem. -‚e, a frequenter (ital.)

   Habsburg (House of)
             Austrian Imperial family, not Hap-

   HAC       Honourable Artillery Company

   Hachette et Cie
             publishers

   hachis    (Fr. cook. m.), minced meat, hash

   hachisch  use hashish

   hachure   line used in map hill-shading (usu. in pl.)

   hacienda  (Sp.), large estate with mansion

   hackberry the bird-cherry, not hag-

   Hackluyt  use Hak-

   hackney/  to make trite; -ed

   hack-saw  (hyphen)

   hac lege  (Lat.), with this proviso

   Hades     (Gr. myth.), abode or god of the dead (cap.)

   hadji     a Muslim who has made the pilgrimage (hadj) to Mecca (not
             ital.); hajji is strictly correct, but not in common use

   hadn't    to be printed close up

   Hadramaut S. Arabia, not Hadhra-

   hadst     (no apostrophe)

   haecceity (philos.), individual quality

   Haeckel (Ernst Heinrich)
             1834-1919, German philosopher, not H„-

   haema-, haemo-
             prefix meaning blood

   haemorrh/age, -oids


   Haffner   serenade and symphony by Mozart

   hafiz     a Muslim who knows the Koran by heart

   hafnium   symbol Hf

   Hag.      Haggai

   hagberry  use hackberry

   Haggadah  legendary part of the Talmud, or part of Jewish Passover ritual,
             not Agadah, Hagada, -ah

   Haggai    (OT), abbr. Hag.

   haggard   wild-looking, an untamed hawk

   haggis    Sc. dish, not -ess, -ies

   Hague (Cap de La)
             NW France

   Hague (The)
             seat of government of Netherlands; in Dutch 's-Gravenhage or den
             Haag, in Fr. La Haye (caps.)

   ha ha     laughter (two words)

   ha-ha     a sunk fence, not aha, haw-haw (not ital.)

   hahnium   symbol Ha

   Haidarabad
             use Hyder-

   haik      an Arab garment, not -ek

   haiku     Jap. verse-form; pl. same

   hail      see hale

   Haile Selassie
             1892-1975, Emperor of Ethiopia 1930-74

   Haileybury College
             Herts.

   hail-fellow-well-met
             (adj.), friendly (three hyphens)

   hail/stone, -storm
             (one word)

   Hainault  London

   Hainaut   province, Belgium

   hair/bell, ---brain
             use hare-

   hair/breadth, -brush, -cut
             (one word)

   hair-do/  coiffure (hyphen), pl. -s

   hairdress/er, -ing
             (one word)

   hair-line (hyphen)

   hairlip   use hare-

   hairpin   (one word)

   hair's breadth
             (two words)

   hair shirt
             (two words)

   hair-space
             (typ.), very thin space formerly used for letter-spacing
             (hyphen)

   hair/-style, -stylist, -trigger
             (hyphens)

   Haiti     W. Indies, not Hayti; formerly the island of Hispaniola, now its
             western part

   hajji     see hadji

   hakenkreuz
             (Ger. n.), the swastika

   hakim     oriental medical man, oriental ruler, not -keem

   Hakluyt (Richard)
             c.1553-1616, English historian and geographer; -- Society; not
             Hack-

   halal     meat prepared according to Muslim law

   halberd/  combined spear and battleaxe, not -ert; -ier

   Halcyone  use Alcyone

   hale      to drag, not hail

   Halevi (Judah)
             c.1085-1140, Spanish-Jewish philosopher and poet

   Hal‚vy (ђlie)
             1870-1937, French historian; -- (Jacques Fran‡ois Fromental
             ђlie), 1799-1862, his great-uncle, French composer; -- (Joseph),
             1827-1917, French traveller; -- (Ludovic), 1834-1908, father of
             ђlie, French playwright and novelist

   half      see fractions

   half/ a crown, -- a dozen, -- an hour
             etc. (no hyphens), but half/ -crown, -dozen, -hour (etc.)

   half-and-half
             (hyphens)

   half/-binding
             (bind.), when the spine and corners are bound in a different
             material from the sides (hyphen); ---bound (hyphen)

   half/-breed, -caste, -hearted
             (hyphens)

   half/ holiday, -- moon, -- pay
             (two words)

   half/-mast, -past
             (hyphens)

   halfpenny (one word)

   halfpennyworth
             (one word), colloq.  ha'p'orth

   half/-price, -term, -time
             (hyphens)

   half-title
             (typ.), the short title printed on the leaf before the full
             title. Also called bastard title

   halftone  (typ.), technique whereby the various tones are represented by
             varying sizes of minute dots (one word)

   half/-way, -wit(ted), -year(ly)
             (hyphens)

   Haliburton (Thomas Chandler)
             1796-1865, Canadian-born British writer; pseud. Sam Slick

   halibut   a fish, not hol-

   halieutic of fishing

   hallabaloo
             use hulla-

   Hall‚/ (Sir Charles)
             1819-95, German-born Mancunian pianist and conductor, founded --
             Orchestra 1857

   Halle an der Saale
             E. Germany; abbr. Halle a/S.

   hallelujah
             see alleluia; "Hallelujah Chorus", in Handel's Messiah

   Halles (Les)
             Paris, the central market until 1968

   Halley (Edmond
             not -und), 1656-1742, English astronomer

   halliard  use halyard

   Halliwell-Phillipps (James Orchard)
             1820-89, English Shakespearian scholar

   hallmark  mark used at Goldsmiths' Hall and by Govt. assay officials for
             marking standard of gold and silver

   hallo     not he-, hu-

   Hallow/e'en
             31 Oct.; -mas (one word), 1 Nov., All Saints' Day

   hall/ux   the great toe; pl. -uces

   halm      stalk or stem, use haulm

   halo/     ring of light round moon, head, etc.; pl. -es

   Hals (Frans)
             1580 (or 84)-1666, Dutch painter

   halva     sweetmeat of sesame flour and honey, not -ah

   halyard   (naut.), a rope for raising sail, not halli-, hauly-

   hamadryad/
             a wood-nymph, a serpent, a baboon; pl. -s

   Hambleden Bucks.; -- (Viscount)

   Hambledon Hants, Surrey

   Hambleton Lancs., Leics., N. Yorks.

   Hambros Bank, Ltd.
             (no apos.)

   Hamburg/  city in W. Germany, a fowl, a grape; -er (not cap.), cake of
             chopped steak usu. in a roll

   "Hamelin (Pied Piper of)"
             by R.  Browning, 1842

   Hamitic   group of Afr. languages

   hammam    Turkish bath, not hummum, -aum

   Hammarskj”ld (Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl)
             1905-61, Sec.-Gen. of UN 1953-61

   Hammergafferstein (Hans)
             pseud. of Henry W. Longfellow

   Hammerklavier
             (Ger.), former name of pianoforte (opp. harpsichord); (quot.
             marks, not ital.) name given to a piano sonata by Beethoven

   Hampden (John)
             1594-1643, English patriot and statesman

   Hampshire abbr. Hants

   Hampton Court
             London

   hamster   household pet

   ham/string
             past and partic.  correctly -stringed, but -strung favoured by
             usage

   Hamtramck Mich., US

   hand/bag, -bell, -bill, -book, -brake
             (one word)

   Hand/buch (Ger. n.), manual (cap.), pl. -bЃcher

   h. & c.   hot and cold (water)

   handcuffs (one word)

   Handel (George Frideric)
             1685-1759, German composer resident in England; in Ger. H„ndel.
             See also Handl

   Handels/blatt
             (Ger. n.), trade journal (cap.), pl. -blatter

   handful/  not -ll; pl. -s

   handicap/, -per, -ping


   handiwork not handy-

   H. & J.   (comp.), hyphenation and justification

   handkerchief/
             pl. -s, abbr. hdkf.

   Handl (Jacob)
             1550-91, Austrian composer, not Ha-. See also Handel

   hand/list, -made, -maid(en)
             (one word)

   hand-out  (noun, hyphen)

   hand-picked
             (hyphen)

   handrail  (one word)

   Handschrift
             (Ger. f.), MS; abbr. Hs.  (cap.)

   handsel/  earnest-money; -ling, not hans-

   handset   combined mouthpiece and ear-piece (one word)

   hand-setting
             (typ.), manual composition from previously-cast metal sorts
             assembled in a fount-case (hyphen)

   hand/shake, -writing
             (one word)

   handyman  (one word)

   handywork use handi-

   hangar/   a shed; -age

   hangdog   shamefaced (one word)

   hanged    past tense or partic., used of capital punishment; other senses
             use hung

   hanger    one who, or that which, hangs; also a sword, a wood

   hanging/ paragraph
             or -- indent (typ.), short paragraph or listed items (as in
             bibliographies) set with second and following lines indented
             under first line (as here)

   hangover  after-effects of drinking (one word)

   Hanover   in Ger. Hannover

   Hans/     (Du., Ger.), Jack; -- Niemand, "Mr Nobody"

   Hanse/    medieval German league; adj.  -atic

   hansel    use hand-

   hansom    a two-wheeled cab

   Hants     Hampshire (no point)

   hapax legomen/on
             (Gr.), a word found once only; pl. -a

   haphazard (one word)

   ha'p'orth (colloq.), a halfpennyworth

   happi     loose Japanese coat

   happy-go-lucky
             (hyphens)

   happy hunting-ground
             (one hyphen)

   Hapsburg  use Hab-

   hara-kiri (Jap.), suicide

   haram     use -em

   harangu/e to address like an orator; -ed

   Harare    Zimbabwe

   harass    not harr-

   harbour   (US -or), abbr. H.

   hard      (pencils), abbr. H

   hard/-a-lee, -a-port, -a-starboard, -a-weather
             (two hyphens each)

   hard/back (book), -board (one word)

   hard-boiled egg
             (one hyphen)

   hard copy (comp.), printed or typed record of keyboard input (two words).
             See also soft copy

   Hardecanute
             accepted variant of Harthacnut, 1019-42, king of Denmark and
             England

   hard hit  severely affected (two words)

   Hardie (James Keir)
             1856-1915, British socialist

   hardi/hood, -ness
             not hardy-

   Harding (Baron, of Petherton)


   Hardinge (Viscount); -- (Baron, of Penshurst)


   hardline  (adj.), unyielding (one word)

   hardness  (mineral.), abbr. h.

   hards     coarse flax, not hur-

   hard shoulder
             on motorway (two words)

   Hardt Mountains
             Bavarian Palatinate. See also Harz --

   Hardwicke (Earl of)


   hardwood  (one word), but hard-wooded

   hard-working
             (hyphen)

   harebell  (bot.), not hair- (one word)

   hare/-brain, -brained
             not hair- (hyphens)

   Harefoot  sobriquet of Harold I

   harelip   not hair- (one word)

   harem     (Arab.), the women's part of a house, its occupants, not -am,
             -eem, -im (not ital.)

   harem-scarem
             use harum-scarum

   Hargreaves (James)
             1720-78, English weaver, inventor of the spinning-jenny

   haricot   a ragout usu. of mutton and beans; haricot de mouton, Irish
             stew; -s blancs, kidney beans; -s d'Espagne, scarlet runners; -s
             verts, French beans

   haridan   use harridan

   harier    use harrier

   harijan   Indian Untouchable

   hari-kari use hara-kiri

   harim     use harem

   Haringey  Greater London borough, 1965, not -ay. See also Harringay

   Harington (Sir John)
             1561-1612, English poet and pamphleteer. See also Harri-

   hark      listen, but (arch.) hearken

   harl      a fibre, not -le

   Harlech   Gwynedd, not -ck

   Harleian  of Harley

   Harlem    New York. See also Haarlem

   Harlesden London

   Harleston Devon, Norfolk, Suffolk

   Harlestone
             Northants

   Harlow (Jean)
             1911-37, US film-actress

   Harlow    Essex, "new town", 1947

   Harlowe (Clarissa)
             by Richardson, 1748

   harmattan W. African land-wind

   Harmen    see Arminius

   harmonize not -ise

   Harper's Bazaar
             US magazine of fashion, founded 1867; also the British version,
             founded 1929, now Harpers & Queen

   Harpers Ferry
             West Virginia, US (no apos.)

   Harper's Magazine
             US monthly magazine, founded 1850

   harquebus a portable gun, not -ss, arquebus; -ier

   Harraden (Beatrice)
             1864-1936, English writer

   harrass   use harass

   harridan  a haggard old woman, not hari-

   harrier   one who harries, a hound for hunting hares, a hawk, a
             cross-country runner, not harier

   Harringay N. London. See also Haringey

   Harrington (Earl of).
             See also Hari-

   Harrogate N. Yorks., not Harrow-

   Harrovian member of Harrow School

   Hart (Horace)
             Printer to the University of Oxford 1883-1915

   hartal    closing of Indian shops as protest or gesture

   Harte (Francis Bret),
             1836-1902, US novelist and story-writer

   hartebeest
             S. Afr. antelope, not hartb-, -bees

   Hartford  Conn., US

   Harthacnut
             more correct form of Hardecanute

   Hartlepool
             Cleveland

   hartshorn ammonia (one word)

   Hart's Rules for Compositors and Readers
             39th edition, completely revised, 1983

   Hartz Mountains
             use Harz --. See also Hardt

   harum-scarum
             reckless (hyphen), not harem-scarem

   Harun-al-Rashid
             763-809, a caliph of Baghdad, hero of the Arabian Nights, not
             -oun, -ar-, -sch- (two hyphens)

   Harvard system of references
             see authorities

   Harvard University
             abbr. Harv. or HU, at Cambridge, Mass., US

   Harv/ey (William)
             1578-1657, English physician, discovered blood circulation;
             -eian, not -eyan

   Harz Mountains
             cent. Germany, not Hartz --. See also Hardt

   has-been/ person or thing that is no longer of use, pl. -s (hyphen)

   Hasek (Jaroslav)
             1884-1923, Czech satirist

   Hashemites
             Arab princely family

   hashish   hemp smoked or chewed as drug, not hach-, hasch-, -eesh, -isch

   Hasid/    member of mystical Jewish sect; adj. -ic, not Hass-, Ch-

   Haslemere Surrey. See also Haz-

   hasn't    to be printed close up

   Hasse (Johann Adolph)
             1699-1783, German composer

   Hassler (Hans Leo)
             1564-1612, German composer

   hatable   not -eable

   hatband   (one word)

   hatch/back
             (car with door at rear), -way (one word)

   hatha yoga
             system of exercises in yoga

   hat-pin   (hyphen)

   Hatshepsut
             Queen of Egypt, c.1500 BC

   hatti/    short form of ---humayun or ---sherif, Turkish edict made
             irrevocable by Sultan's mark

   hat trick (two words)

   hauler    one who or that which hauls

   haulier   a man employed in hauling something, esp. coal in a mine; a firm
             or person engaged in road transport

   haulm     (bot.), a stalk or stem, not halm

   haulyard  use hal-

   Hauptmann (Gerhart)
             1862-1946, German poet and dramatist; -- (Moritz), 1792-1868,
             German composer

   Hausa     of Cent. Sudan, not -ssa, Housa

   hausfrau  Germanic housewife (ital., not cap.)

   Haussmann (Georges EugЉne, baron)
             1809-91, Paris architect

   haussmannize
             to open out and rebuild

   haut/bois, -boy
             (mus.), use oboe

   haute/ bourgeoisie
             (Fr. f.), upper middle class; -- couture, elegance inspired by
             the high-fashion houses; -- cuisine, high-class cooking; --
             ‚cole, advanced horsemanship

   Haute/-Garonne
             d‚p. SW France; -Loire, d‚p. cent. France; -Marne, -Saone, d‚ps.
             E. France; -Savoie, d‚p. SE France (hyphens)

   Hautes-Alpes
             d‚p. SE France (hyphen)

   Hautes-Pyrenees
             d‚p. SW France (hyphen)

   hauteur   haughty demeanour (not ital.)

   Haute-Vienne
             d‚p. cent. France (hyphen). See also Vienne

   haute vol‚e
             (Fr. f.), the upper ten

   haut-go–t (Fr. m.), high flavour

   haut monde
             (Fr. m.), fashionable society

   Haut-Rhin d‚p. E. France (hyphen)

   Hauts-de-Seine
             d‚p. Paris region, France (two hyphens)

   Havana    Cuba, not -ah, -annah; in Sp. Habana

   Havas     a French news agency

   haven't   to be printed close up

   haver     (Sc.), to talk nonsense (not to vacillate)

   Haverfordwest
             Dyfed

   Havergal (Frances Ridley)
             1836-79, English hymn-writer

   haversack bag for carrying food, not -sac

   havoc/    (noun); as verb, -ked, -king

   Havre     France, use Le Havre

   Hawai/i   one of the Hawaiian Islands, formerly Sandwich Islands; these
             islands as a group; state of US comprising most of them, off.
             abbr. (postal) HI; adj. -ian

   haw-haw   a sunk fence, use ha-ha

   Haw-Haw (Lord)
             nickname of William Joyce, American-born German propagandist in
             Second World War, executed 1946

   hawk's-bill
             a turtle

   hawk-eyed (hyphen)

   hawse     (naut.), part of ship's bows

   hawthorn  (one word)

   Hawthorne (Julian)
             1846-1934, US writer; -- (Nathaniel), 1804-64, his father, US
             novelist

   hay       a country dance, not hey (but Shepherd's Hey, by P. A. Grainger)

   Haydn (Johann Michael)
             1737-1806, and his brother -- (Franz Joseph), 1732-1809,
             Austrian composers; -- (Joseph), d. 1856, compiled Dictionary of
             Dates

   Haydon (Benjamin Robert)
             1786-1846, English painter

   hay fever (two words)

   hay/field, -maker, -rick, -stack
             -wire (one word)

   Hayti     use Haiti

   hazel/-hen, -nut
             (hyphens)

   Hazlemere Bucks. See also Has-

   Hazlitt (William)
             1778-1830, English essayist; -- (William Carew), 1834-1913,
             English bibliographer

   hazy      indistinct, not -ey

8.3 HB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HB        (pencils), hard and black

   Hb        haemoglobin (no point)

   HBM       Her, or His, Britannic Majesty('s)

   H-bomb    hydrogen bomb (no point, hyphen)

8.4 HC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HC        habitual criminal, Heralds' College, High Church, Holy
             Communion, Home Counties, (Fr.)  hors concours (not competing),
             House of Commons, House of Correction

   h.c.      honoris causa

   HCF       or h.c.f. (math.), highest common factor; HCF, Honorary Chaplain
             to the Forces

8.5 hd....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   hd.       head

   hdkf.     handkerchief

   hdqrs.    headquarters

   Hdt.      Herodotus

8.6 HE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HE        His Eminence, His or Her Excellency; high explosive

   He        helium (no point)

   head      (typ.), the blank space at the top of a page. See also margins

   headache  (one word)

   headachy  not -ey

   head/band band worn round head, (bind.), strengthening band of
             multicoloured silk etc. sewn or stuck to head (and sometimes
             tail) of back of book; -board (one word)

   head-dress
             (hyphen)

   headgear  (one word)

   headings  (typ.), should be graded to show relative importance, and used
             consistently throughout

   head/lamp, -land
             (one word)

   Headless Cross
             Hereford & Worc.

   headlight (one word)

   headlines or running titles (typ.), at head of pages; various combinations
             can be adopted, including book, part, section, or chapter title,
             subhead, or summary of page content, shortened if necessary to
             keep it to a single line; in bookwork chapter title generally
             most suitable on both recto and verso, dividing long titles
             across opening; pagination, q.v., may be included in outer
             corners

   headman   a chief (one word)

   head/master, -mistress
             as general term (one word)

   Head/ Master, -- Mistress
             official title at certain schools (two words); abbr. HM

   head-note summary at head of chapter or page, (mus.) a tone produced in
             the head register (hyphen)

   head-on   (hyphen)

   head/phone(s), -piece
             (one word)

   headquarters
             used as sing. of the place, pl. of the occupants (one word);
             abbr. HQ or hdqrs.

   head-rest support for the head (hyphen)

   headroom  (one word)

   head-sail one before the foremast (hyphen)

   headscarf (one word)

   head sea  waves from forward direction (two words)

   headship  position of chief (one word)

   headsman  executioner (one word)

   headstock bearings in machine (one word)

   head/stone, -strong, -way
             (one word)

   head wind (two words)

   headword  (typ.), emphasized word opening a paragraph or entry, etc.  (as
             here) (one word)

   head-work (hyphen)

   heal      see hele

   health/ centre, -- certificate, --
             food (two words)

   healthful not -ull

   health/officer, -visitor
             (two words)

   Heap      see Heep

   hear, hear!
             exclamation of agreement, not here, here

   hearken   see hark

   Hearn (Lafcadio)
             1850-1904, US author

   heart/ache, -beat
             (one word)

   heart-break/, -er, -ing, heart-broken
             (hyphens)

   heartburn pyrosis (one word)

   heart-burn
             jealousy (hyphen)

   heart-disease
             (hyphen)

   heart failure
             (two words)

   heartfelt (one word)

   hearth/rug, -stone
             (one word)

   heart/-rending, -searching
             (hyphens)

   heart's-ease
             a pansy (apos., hyphen)

   heart/sick, -sore
             (one word)

   heart/-strings, -throb, -whole
             (hyphens)

   heathenize
             not -ise

   heather mixture
             fabric of mixed hues (two words)

   heat-resistant
             (hyphen)

   heave ho! (two words)

   Heaven    cap. when equivalent to the Deity; l.c. when a place, as "heaven
             is our home"

   heaven/-born, -sent
             (hyphens)

   Heaviside layer
             layer of the atmosphere that reflects radio waves, not Heavy-

   heavy/-duty, -handed
             (hyphens)

   heavy water
             (two words)

   heavyweight
             (one word)

   Heb.      Hebrew(s), Epistle to the Hebrews (NT)

   hebdomad/ a group of seven, a week, not -ade; adj. -al

   Hebraize  to make Hebrew, not -ise, -aicize

   Hebrew    (typ.), 22 letters (all consonants) and many strokes and points
             (representing vowel sounds), etc. It is read from right to left:
             hence if any passage is divided, the right-hand words must go in
             the first line, and the left-hand in the second. Abbr. Heb.

   Hebrews   abbr. Heb.

   Hebridean not -ian

   Hecat/e   a Greek goddess; adj. -aean

   hecatomb  sacrifice of many (literally 100) oxen

   heckelphone
             (mus.), baritone oboe

   Heckmondwike
             W. Yorks.

   Hecla     mt., Western Isles, not Hek-.  See also Hekla

   hectare   10,000 sq. metres; abbr. ha (no point in scientific and
             technical work)

   hecto-    prefix maning 100; abbr. h; hectogram (hg), 100 grams;
             hectolitre (hl), 100 litres; hectometre (hm), 100 metres (abbrs.
             no point in scientific and technical work)

   Hedda Gabler
             play by Ibsen, 1890

   hedgehog/ adj. -gy

   hedgerow  (one word)

   hedgrah   use hegira

   hee-haw   a, or to, bray, not he-

   heel      see hele

   Heep (Uriah)
             in Dickens's David Copperfield, not Heap

   Heer      (Ger. n.), army (cap.)

   Heft      (Ger. n.), number, part, abbr. H.

   Hegel/ (Georg, not -e, Wilhelm Friedrich)
             1770-1831, German philosopher; adj. -ian

   hegemon/y leadership, esp.  political; adj. -ic

   hegira    the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina, 16 July AD 622,
             from which the Muslim era is reckoned (Arab. hijrah); not
             hedgrah, heijira (not ital.). The calendar follows a 355-day
             lunar cycle, and it is difficult to to equate AD and AH dates

   Heidegger (Martin)
             1889-1976, German philosopher

   Heidelberg
             W. German university town

   Heidsieck a champagne

   Heifetz (Jascha)
             1901-87, Russian-born US violinist

   heighday  use hey-

   heigh-ho  an audible sigh, not hey-

   height to paper
             (typ.), overall height of type, usu. 2.33 cm.

   heijira   use hegira

   heil      (Ger.), hail!

   Heiland (der)
             (Ger.), the Saviour (cap.)

   heilig    (Ger.), holy; abbr. hl.

   Heilige Schrift
             (Ger. f.), Holy Scripture (caps.); abbr. Hl.S.

   Heimskringla
             "the round world", a history of Norse kings by Snorri Sturluson,
             1178-1241

   Heimweh   (Ger. n.), homesickness

   Heine/ (Heinrich
             but signed Henri), 1797-1856, German poet; adj. -sque

   Heinemann (William), Ltd.
             publishers

   Heinrich  Ger. for Henry

   Heinz     Ger. for Harry

   heir apparent
             legal heir, whoever may subsequently be born (two words); abbr.
             heir app.

   heirloom  (one word)

   heir presumptive
             legal heir if no nearer relative should be born (two words);
             abbr. heir pres.

   Heisenberg (Werner Karl)
             1901-76, German physicist, associated with principle of
             uncertainty

   Hejaz     "the boundary", not Hi-. See also Saudi Arabia

   hejira    use hegira

   Hekla     volcano, Iceland, not Hec-.  See also Hecla

   Hel       (Norse myth.), originally, the abode of the dead; later, the
             abode of the damned, opp. Valhalla; later still, the goddess the
             dead (also Hela)

   HeLa      strain of human cells (one word, two caps.)

   Heldentenor
             (Ger. m.), "hero-tenor", with robust operatic voice

   hele      to set (plants) in the ground, not heal, heel

   Helensburgh
             Strathclyde, not -borough

   Helicon   (Gr. myth.), mountain range in Boeotia, home of the Muses, site
             of fountains Aganippe and Hippocrene

   Heliogabalus
             use Elag-

   heliogravure
             a gravure process (not ital.)

   heliport  landing-place for helicopters (one word)

   helium    symbol He

   hel/ix    a spiral curve like the thread of a screw; pl. -ices

   hell      (not cap.)

   hell      (Ger.), clear, bright

   hell-bent (hypben)

   Helle     (Gr. myth.), sister of Phrixus, fell from the golden ram into
             strait afterwards named Hellespont (the Dardanelles)

   Hellen    (Gr. myth.), son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, progenitor of the
             Greek people

   Hellen/e  a Greek; pl. -es; adj. -ic (cap.)

   Hellenist one skilled in Greek; one who has adopted Greek ways, esp. a Jew
             of the Dispersion

   Hellenistic
             denoting the Greek language and culture of the period after
             Alexander the Great

   Hellenize to make Greek, not -ise

   hell/-fire, -hole
             (hyphens)

   hello     use hallo

   helmet/, -ed
             (one t)

   Helmholtz (Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von)
             1821-94, German scientist

   helmsman  one who steers (one word)

   H‚lo‹se   1101-64, and Ab‚lard, not El-, -sa

   helpline  (one word)

   helpmate  not -meet (one word)

   Helsingor Danish for Elsinore

   Helsinki  Finland, in Swed.  Helsingfors

   helter-skelter
             (hyphen)

   Helvellyn mountain, Cumbria

   Hely-Hutchinson
             Irish name, fam.  name of Earl of Donoughmore (hyphen);
             Hely-Hutchinson (Victor), 1901-47, British composer

   hema-     prefix, use haema-

   Hemel Hempstead
             Herts. (two words)

   Hemingway (Ernest Miller)
             1899-1961, US novelist

   hemistich (prosody), half a line

   hemo-     prefix, use haemo-

   hem-stitch
             (hyphen)

   hence/forth, -forward
             (one word)

   hendiadys one idea expressed by two words joined by a conjunction, as "try
             and come"

   henna/    oriental shrub, leaves used for dyeing nails and hair; -ed

   henpeck/, -ed
             (one word)

   Henri     Fr. for Henry

   henr/y    international unit of inductance, pl. -ies; abbr. H

   Henry     abbr. Hy

   Henry (O.)
             pseud. of William Sydney Porter (1862-1910), US author

   Henschel (Sir George)
             1850-1934, German-born English musician

   Henslow (John Stevens)
             1796-1861, English botanist and geologist

   Henslowe (Philip)
             d. 1616, English theatrical manager, wrote "Diary"

   Hephaestus
             not Hephaistos, except in Gr. contexts

   Hepplewhite
             eighteenth-century style of furniture, from George --, d. 1786,
             not Heppel-

   her.      heraldry

   her.      heres (heir)

   Herakles  see Hercules; not -cles

   heraldry  abbr. her.

   Heralds' College
             abbr. HC (apos.), College of Arms

   H‚rault   d‚p. France

   Herausgeber
             (Ger. m.), editor

   herbaceous
             not -ious

   herbari/um
             a collection of dried plants; pl. -a (not ital.)

   Herbart (Johann Friedrich)
             1776-1841, German philosopher and educationist

   Hercegovina
             Yugoslavia, not Herz-

   Herculaneum
             Roman town overwhelmed by Vesuvius, AD 79, not -ium

   Herculean strong, difficult

   Hercules  not Herakles, except in Gr. contexts

   herd-book (hyphen)

   here/about(s), -after, -by, -in, -of, -on, -out
             (one word)

   Hereford: sig. of Bp. of Hereford (colon)

   Hereford & Worcester
             county of England

   here, here!
             use hear, hear!

   here/s    (Lat.), heir; pl. -des, abbr.  her.

   here/to, -tofore, -under, -upon, -with
             (one word)

   Hergesheimer (Joseph)
             1880-1954, US novelist

   Heriot-Watt University
             Edinburgh, 1966

   heritrix  an heiress, not -tress, here-

   Her Majesty('s)
             (caps.), abbr. HM

   hermeneutics
             the science of interpretation, treated as sing.

   hernia/   a rupture; pl. -s

   hero/     (a, not an) pl. -es; adj. -ic

   Herodotus c.484-c.420 BC, Greek historian, abbr. Hdt. or Herod.

   heroin    a drug, not -ine

   heroine   heroic woman, chief female character in story, etc.

   heroize   to make a hero of, not -ise

   herpes    a skin disease; herpes zoster, shingles

   herpetolog/y
             study of reptiles; -ist, not er-

   Herr/     (Ger. m.), Mr, Sir, pl. -en

   Herr (der)
             (Ger.), the Lord (cap.)

   herr      (Dan., Norw., Swed.), Mr, abbr.  hr.

   Herrenvolk
             (Ger. n.), master race, (in Nazi ideology) the German people

   Herrgott  (Ger.), Lord God

   herring-bone
             a stitch (hyphen)

   Herrnhuter
             one of the sect of the Moravians (not ital.)

   Her Royal Highness
             (caps.), abbr.  HRH

   hers      (no apostrophe)

   Herschel (Caroline Lucretia)
             1750-1848, German-born English astronomer; -- (Sir John
             Frederick William), 1792-1871, English astronomer, son of --
             (Sir William, orig. Friedrich Wilhelm), 1738-1822, German-born
             English astronomer

   Herschell (Baron)


   Herstmonceux
             E. Sussex, site of Royal Observatory, not Hurst-

   hersute   use hir-

   Hertford/ -shire

   Herts.    Hertfordshire

   Hertz     (Heinrich Rudolf), 1857-94, German physicist, discoverer of
             Hertzian waves, used in radio-communication

   hertz     SI unit of frequency, pl.  same; abbr. Hz

   Hertzog (James Barry Munnik)
             1866-1942, S. African statesman, not Herzog

   Herz      (Ger. n.), heart (cap.)

   Herzegovina
             use Herce-

   Herzog/   (Ger. m.), duke, pl. -e; -in (f.), duchess; -tum (n.), duchy,
             not -thum (caps.)

   Hesperis  a genus of plants

   Hesperus  evening star

   Hesse     German state, in Ger. Hessen; Hessian, inhabitant of Hesse, in
             Ger. Hess/e, f. -in

   Hesse (Herman)
             1877-1962, German writer

   hessian   a coarse cloth

   het       (Du. n.), the; abbr. 't, as van 't Hoff

   hetaer/a  (Gr.), a courtesan, pl.  -ae; -ism, not -tair-, -tar-

   heterogeneous
             dissimilar, not -nous

   heteroousian
             (theol.), believing Father and Son to be of unlike substance,
             not heterou-. See also homoiousian, homoousian

   Hetton-le-Hole
             Tyne & Wear (hyphens)

   heu       (Lat.), alas!

   heureka   use eu-

   heuristic inciting to find out (an educational method). See also eureka

   hex-      Gr. prefix for six; in Lat.  sex-

   hey       a dance, use hay

   heyday    prosperity, not heigh- (one word)

   heyduck   Hungarian of an ennobled mil. class (Hung. hajdЈ, pl.  hajduk)

   Heyerdahl (Thor)
             b. 1914, Norwegian ethnologist (Kon-Tiki expedition, 1947)

   hey-ho    use heigh-ho

   hey presto
             conjuror's exclamation (two words)

8.7 HF...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HF        (pencils) hard firm, high frequency, Home Fleet, -- Forces

   Hf        hafnium (no point)

   hf.       half

   h.f.      high frequency

   HFRA      Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy

8.8 HG...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HG        His, or Her, Grace, High German, Home Guard, Horse Guards

   Hg        hydrargyrum (mercury) (no point)

   hg        hectogram, -s (no point in scientific and technical work)

   HGV       heavy goods vehicle

8.9 HH...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HH        His, or Her, Highness; His Holiness (the Pope)

   HH        (pencils), double hard; also 2H

   hh.       hands (measure of horse's height)

   hhd.      hogshead, -s

   HHH       (pencils), treble hard; also 3H

8.10 HI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HI        Hawaii (off. postal abbr.), Hawaiian Islands, hic iacet (here
             lies)

   hiatus/   pl. -es (not ital.)

   Hiawatha  American-Indian hero of Longfellow's poem

   hibernate to spend the winter in torpor or in a warm climate, not hy-

   hic       (Lat.), this, here

   hiccup/   not -cough, -kup; -ed, -ing (one p)

   hic et ubique
             (Lat.), here and everywhere

   Hichens (Robert Smythe)
             1864-1950, English novelist

   hic iacet (or jacet) (Lat.), here lies; -- -- sepult/us, fem. -a, here
             lies buried; abbr. HIS or HJS

   hidalgo/  Spanish gentleman by birth; pl. -s

   hide-and-seek
             a game (hyphens)

   hidebound narrow-minded (one word)

   hieing    not hy-

   hier      (Ger.), here; Hier spricht man Deutsch, German spoken here

   hieratic  priestly, esp. of ancient Egyptian sacred writing

   hieroglyph/
             stylized figure representing word; -ic(s), -ist, -ize (not -ise)

   hifalutin use high-

   hi-fi     high-fidelity (no points)

   higgledy-piggledy
             haphazard, in confusion

   highbrow  (one word)

   high chair
             (two words)

   High Church
             (hyphen when attrib.), abbr. HC; High-Churchman (hyphen, caps.)

   high-class
             (adj., hyphen)

   high-falutin
             bombast(ic), not -en, -n', -ng, hifalutin

   high-fidelity
             (radio), reproducing sound faithfully; colloq. hi-fi

   high/-flown, -flyer, -flying
             (hyphens)

   high frequency
             (hyphen when attrib.)

   highjacker
             use hijacker

   high jump (two words)

   Highland  region of Scotland

   highlight (one word)

   high pressure
             (hyphen when attrib.); abbr. HP or h.p.

   high priest
             abbr. HP (two words)

   high-rise (adj.), having many storeys (hyphen)

   high/ road; -- seas (the)
             outside territorial waters (two words)

   high-water mark
             (one hyphen), abbr.  HWM

   highwayman
             (one word)

   HIH       His, or Her, Imperial Highness

   hijack/   seize control of aircraft, etc.; steal goods in transit -er,
             -ing

   Hijaz     use Hejaz

   hijira/, -h
             use hegira

   Hil.      Hilary

   Hilary    a session of the High Court of Justice, a term of Oxford and
             Dublin Universities; from St Hilary of Poitiers, d. c.367,
             festival 13 Jan.

   hill      when with name to have cap., as Box Hill

   Hillary (Sir Edmund)
             b. 1919, NZ apiarist and mountaineer, climbed Everest 1953

   hill-fort (hyphen)

   Hillingdon
             London

   Hillington
             Norfolk, Strathclyde

   hill/side, -top
             (one word)

   HIM       His, or Her, Imperial Majesty

   Himachal Pradesh
             Indian state

   Himalaya/ or the --s, India and Tibet; adj. -n

   hinc/     (Lat.), hence; -- illae lacrimae, hence those tears

   Hinckley  Leics., not Hink-

   Hind.     Hindu, -stan, -stani

   Hindi     a language of N. India, or a literary Hindustani, not -dee (not
             ital.)

   hind leg  (two words)

   hindmost  (one word)

   Hindoo    use Hindu

   hindquarters
             (one word)

   hindrance not -erance

   hindsight wisdom after the event (one word)

   Hindu/    not -doo, abbr. Hind. (not ital.); -ism, -ize

   Hindu Kush
             mountains, Afghanistan

   Hindustan abbr. Hind., not Indostan

   Hindustani
             the Indian lingua franca; abbr. Hind.

   hing/e, -ed, -ing


   Hinkley Point
             Som., site of nuclear power station

   Hinshelwood (Sir Cyril Norman)
             1897-1967, British chemist

   hinterland
             the "back country" (one word)

   hip/-bath, -bone, -flask, -joint
             -pocket (hyphens)

   hippie    person of unconventional behaviour, dress, etc., not -y

   hippo/    hippopotamus, pl. -s

   Hippocrat/es
             fl. 400 BC, Greek "Father of Medicine"; -ic

   Hippocrene
             fountain of the Muses of Mt. Helicon

   hippogriff
             a fabulous monster, not -gryph (not ital.)

   hippopotamus/
             pl. -es

   hirdy-girdy
             (Sc.), in disorder. See also hurdy-gurdy

   hireable  obtainable for hire, not -rable

   hire-car  (hyphen)

   hire-purchase
             (hyphen), abbr. HP or h.p.

   hirly-birly
             use hurly-burly

   Hiroshima Japan

   hirsute   hairy, not her-

   HIS       hic iacet sepult/tus, -a (here lies buried)

   His/ Eminence
             abbr. HE; -- Excellency, HE; -- Majesty('s), HM (caps., not
             ital.)

   Hispanicize
             to render Spanish, not -ise

   His Royal Highness
             (caps.), abbr.  HRH

   hist.     histor/ian, -ic, -ical

   historical eras and events
             see capitalization

   Hitchens (Sydney Ivon)
             1893-1979, English painter

   Hitchin   Herts., not -en

8.11 HJ...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HJ        hic jacet (here lies)

   HJS       hic jacet sepult/us, -a (here lies buried)

8.12 HK
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HK        Hong Kong; House of Keys, Isle of Man

8.13 HL...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HL        House of Lords

   hl        hectolitre(s) (no point in scientific and technical work)

   hl.       (Ger.), heilig (holy)

   Hl.S.     (Ger.), Heilige Schrift (Holy Scripture)

8.14 HM...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HM        Head Master, -- Mistress; Her, or His, Majesty('s), Home Mission

   hm        hectometre(s) (no point in scientific and technical work)

   h.m.      hoc mense (in this month), huius mensis (this month's)

   HMC       Her, or His, Majesty's Customs; Headmasters' Conference; Royal
             Commission on Historical Manuscripts

   HMG       Her, or His, Majesty's Government

   HMI       Her, or His, Majesty's Inspector

   HMP       hoc monumentum posuit (erected this monument)

   HMS       Her, or His, Majesty's Service, or Ship

   HMSO      Her, or His, Majesty's Stationery Office

   HMV       His Master's Voice

8.15 HNC, HND
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HNC, HND  Higher National Certificate, -- -- Diploma

8.16 HO...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HO        Home Office, (Ger.)  Handelsorganisation (state shop in GDR)

   Ho        holmium (no point)

   ho.       house

   Hoangho   use Hwang-Ho

   hoard     store of money or possessions, to save these. See also horde

   hoar-frost
             (hyphen)

   hoarhound use hore-

   Hobbema (Meindert)
             1638-1709, Dutch painter

   Hobbes (John Oliver)
             pseud. of Pearle Mary Teresa Craigie, 1867-1906, English writer;
             -- (Thomas), 1588-1679, English philosopher

   hobbledehoy
             raw youth, not the many variants

   hobby-horse
             (hyphen)

   hob-nob   (hyphen)

   hobo/     (US), a tramp; pl. -es

   Hoboken   NJ, US

   hoboy     (mus.), use oboe

   hoc/ age  (Lat.), attend!; -- anno, in this year, abbr. h.a.; -- genus
             omne, all of this kind; -- habet, he has a hit (of gladiators)

   Hoccleve (Thomas)
             ?1370-?1450, English poet, not O-

   hochepot  (Fr. cook., m.), hotchpotch, stew, ragout

   Ho Chi Minh/
             1892-1969, Vietnamese politician; -- City, Vietnam, formerly
             Saigon

   Hocking (Joseph)
             1855-1937, and his brother, -- (Silas Kitto), 1850-1935, British
             novelists

   hoc/ loco (Lat.), in this place; -- mense, in this month, abbr. h.m.; --
             monumentum posuit, erected this monument, abbr. HMP; -- sensu,
             in this sense, abbr. h.s.; -- tempore, at this time, abbr. h.t.;
             -- titulo, in, or under, this title, abbr. h.t.

   hocus/    to hoax, drug; -sed, -sing

   hocus-pocus
             jugglery, deception (hyphen)

   Hodder & Stoughton, Ltd.
             publishers

   hodgepodge
             use hotchpotch

   hodie     (Lat.), today

   hodmandod a snail

   hodograph (math.), a curve

   hodometer use od-

   Hoe       Plymouth

   Hoe       US printers: Robert, 1784-1833, his son Richard March, 1812-86,
             and grandson Robert, 1839-1909

   hoeing    not hoing

   Hofer (Andreas)
             1767-1810, Tyrolese patriot

   Hoffmann (August Heinrich)
             1798-1874, German writer ("Hoffmann von Fallersleben";
             Deutschland Ѓber Alles, 1841); -- (Daniel), 1576-1601, German
             theologian; -- (Ernst Theodor Amadeus, orig. Wilhelm),
             1776-1822, German writer and composer, source of Offenbach's
             Tales of Hoffmann; -- (Friedrich), 1660-1742, German chemist.
             See also Hofmann

   Hoffnung  (Ger. f.), hope (cap.)

   Hoffnung (Gerard)
             1925-59, English humorous artist and musician

   Hofmann (August Wilhelm von)
             1818-92, German chemist; -- (Josef Casimir), 1876-1957, Polish
             pianist and composer; -- (Johann Christian Conrad von), 1810-77,
             German theologian. See also Hoffmann

   Hofmannsthal (Hugo von)
             1874-1929, Austrian poet, librettist of some operas by Richard
             Strauss

   hoggin    gravel mixture

   hogmanay  (Sc.), the last day of the year

   hogshead/, -s
             abbr. hhd.

   Hogue (La)
             d‚p. Manche, France

   Hohenzollern (House of)
             Prussian Imperial family

   hoiden    use hoy-

   hoing     use hoe-

   hoi polloi
             (not the -- --) (Gr.), the masses, not oi --

   hokey-pokey
             ice-cream, not hoky-poky (hyphen)

   hokum     stage business used for cheap effect

   Holbein (Hans)
             German painters:  "the Elder", 1465-1524; "the Younger",
             1497-1543

   H”lderlin (Johann Christian Friedrich)
             1770-1843, German poet

   hold-up   (noun), delay, robbery (hyphen)

   holey     having holes

   Holi      Hindu religious festival

   holibut   use halibut

   holiday-maker
             (hyphen)

   holily    in holy manner

   Holinshed (Raphael)
             d. 1580, English chronicler, not -ings-, -head

   Holland   the country, use Netherlands; but North --, South --
             (provinces), Parts of -- (former division of Lincolnshire)

   holland   a linen (not cap.)

   hollandais/
             (Fr.), fem. -e, Dutch (not cap.)

   hollandaise
             a creamy sauce (not ital.)

   Hollands  Dutch gin

   hollow    (bind.), paper reinforcement of back, sometimes also of spine,
             of book

   hollyhock a plant

   Hollywood Los Angeles, Calif., US

   Holman-Hunt (William)
             1827-1910, English painter (hyphen)

   Holmes (Oliver Wendell)
             1809-94, US author, and his son, 1841-1935, US lawyer

   Holmes-McDougall, Ltd.
             publishers

   holmium   symbol Ho

   Holm Patrick (Baron)


   holocaust whole burnt offering, wholesale sacrifice or destruction (cap.
             with hist. reference to 1939-45)

   Holofernes
             Assyrian general (-ph- in NEB); a pedantic teacher (Shakespeare:
             Love's Labour's Lost)

   holograph a document wholly in the handwriting of the person from whom it
             proceeds

   holus-bolus
             all at once (hyphen)

   Holy Communion
             (caps.), abbr. HC

   Holy Cross Day
             (three words, caps.), Holy Rood Day, feast of the Exaltation, 14
             Sept.

   Holy/ Family, -- Ghost, Land
             (two words, caps.)

   Holyoake (George Jacob)
             1817-1906, English writer and agitator; -- (Rt. Hon. Sir Keith
             Jacka), 1904-83, Prime Minister of New Zealand, 1960-72

   holy of holies
             inner chamber of the Jewish tabernacle (not caps.)

   Holy Roman Empire
             (caps.), abbr. HRE

   Holy Rood Day
             see Holy Cross Day

   Holyroodhouse, Palace of
             Edinburgh

   Holy Saturday
             day before Easter Sunday (caps.)

   Holy Spirit
             as Deity (caps.)

   holystone (naut.), (to scour decks with) soft sandstone (one word)

   Holy Thursday
             Ascension Day in English Church; but Thursday in Holy Week, or
             Maundy Thursday, in Roman Church

   Holy Week the week before Easter (two words, caps.)

   Holywood  Co. Down, N. Ireland

   Hom.      Homer

   homage    public acknowledgement of allegiance, in Fr. hommage (m.), q.v.

   homard    (Fr. m.), lobster

   hombre    (Sp.), man

   Homburg   soft felt hat

   Home/     surname, pron. Hume; -- of the Hirsel (Baron)

   home/-brewed, -coming
             (hyphens)

   Home Counties (the)
             Essex, Herts., Kent, Surrey (sometimes includes Berks., Bucks.,
             Sussex); abbr. HC

   home/-grown
             (hyphen)

   Home Guard
             (two words, caps.), (member of) British citzen army formed in
             1940, abbr. HG (no points). See also LDV

   homeland  (one word)

   home-made (hyphens)

   homeopathy
             use homoeo-

   Homer     c.9th c. BC, Greek poet, abbr. Hom.

   Home Rule (two words, caps.); abbr.  HR

   homesick/, -ness
             (one word)

   homespun  (one word)

   home/ straight, -- town
             (two words)

   homework  (one word)

   homey     use homy

   homing    not -eing

   homin/id  member of family Hominidae; -oid, manlike animal

   Hommage/ d'auteur, -- de l'auteur
             (Fr.),with the author's compliments; -- d'editeur, -- de
             l'editeur, ditto publisher's, not editor's

   homme/ d'affaires
             (Fr.), business man, not -- des --; -- de bien, a respectable
             man; -- de cour, a courtier; -- de lettres, author; -- de
             paille, man of straw; -- d'ep‚e, a mil. man; -- de robe, lawyer;
             -- d'esprit, man of wit; -- d'‚tat, statesman; -- de t€te, man
             of resource; -- du monde, man of fashion

   Homo      (zool.), genus of man

   hom/o     (Lat.), human being; pl. -ines

   homoeopath/y
             treatment of diseases by minute doses of drugs that excite
             similar symptoms; -ic, -ist (not homeo-)

   homogene/ous
             consisting of parts all of the same kind; noun -ity

   homogenize
             to make (milk) homogeneous, not -ise

   homogenous
             having common descent

   homoiothermic
             warm-blooded

   homoiousian
             (theol.), believing Father and Son to be of like substance (not
             ital.). See also heteroousian, homoousian

   homologize
             be or make homologous, not -ise

   homonym   a word of same form but different sense, not -me

   homoousian
             (theol.), believing Father and Son to be of the same substance,
             not homou- (not ital.).  See also heteroousian, homoiousian

   homophones
             words spelt differently but pronounced alike

   Homo sapiens
             (zool.), the species modern man

   Homs      Syria

   homy      homelike, not -ey

   Hon.      Honourable (son or daughter of a peer; MP), Honorary

   Honble.   Honourable (former Indian title)

   Hondura/s Cent. America; adj. -n

   Honegger (Arthur)
             1892-1955, French-born Swiss composer

   honey-bee (hyphen)

   honeycomb (one word)

   honeydew  a sticky substance, a melon, a tobacco (one word)

   honeyed   sweet, not -ied

   honey/moon, -suckle
             (one word)

   Hong Kong (S. coast of China) (no hyphen), abbr. HK

   Honi soit qui mal y pense
             shamed be he who thinks evil of it (motto of the Order of the
             Garter)

   honorand  one to be honoured

   honorarium/
             voluntary fee for professional services; pl. -s (not ital.)

   honorary/ (of office, etc.)  bestowed as an honour, unpaid; -- secretary,
             abbr. Hon. Sec.

   honorific (utterance) expressing honour or respect

   honoris/ causa
             or -- gratia (Lat.), for the sake of honour

   honourable
             abbr. for son or daughter of peer, or for MP, Hon.; for Indian
             title, Honble.

   Hons.     Honours

   Hon. Sec. honorary secretary

   hoodwink  (one word)

   hoof/     usual pl. -s, not -ves

   Hooghly   India, not Hugli

   Hook (Theodore Edward)
             1788-1841, English humorist. See also Hooke

   hookah    oriental pipe, not the many variants

   hook and eye
             (no hyphen)

   Hooke (Robert)
             1635-1703, English physicist. See also Hook

   Hooker (Sir William Jackson)
             1785-1865, and his son -- (Sir Joseph Dalton), 1817-1911,
             English botanists

   hooping cough
             use wh-

   hoopoe    S. European bird

   hoor/ah, -ay
             use hurr/ah, -ay

   Hoover    propr. term for vacuum cleaner (cap.)

   Hopi/     American Indian, pl. -s, not -ki, -qui

   Hopkins (Gerard Manley)
             1844-89, English poet; -- (Johns, not John), 1795-1873, US
             financier; -- (Johns) University, Baltimore, Md., US (no apos.)

   hop-o'-my-thumb
             a dwarf (hyphens)

   hop-picker
             (hyphen)

   Hoppner (John)
             1758-1810, English painter

   hopscotch children's game (one word)

   hor.      horizon, -tal

   hor/a     (Lat.), hour, pl. -ae; horae/ canonicae, hours for prayer; --
             subsecivae, leisure hours

   Horace    (in Lat., Quintus Horatius Flaccus), 65-8 BC, Roman poet, abbr.
             Hor.

   Horatius Cocles
             who kept the Sublician Bridge

   horde     troop of nomads, crowd of people. See also hoard

   horehound a plant (juice used for coughs), not hoar-

   horizon/, -tal
             abbr. hor.

   horn      (English), one of the oboes, use cor anglais; -- (French),
             circular coiled horn, usu. with valves

   hornblende
             a mineral, not -d

   hornpipe  a dance, music for it (one word)

   horology  ahbr. horol.

   horresco referens
             (Lat.), I shudder to mention it

   hors/     (Fr.), beyond, out of; -- concours, not for competition (not
             de); -- de combat, disabled; -- de la loi, outlaw; -- de pair,
             without an equal; hors-d'oeuvre, appetizer

   Horse Artillery
             (caps.), abbr. HA

   horseback (one word)

   horse/-box, -chestnut
             not -chesnut; -flesh (one word), -fly (hyphen)

   Horse Guards
             abbr. HG (two words, caps.)

   horse/hair, -play
             (one word)

   horsepower
             (abbr. hp), unit of power (7.46 x 100 watts)

   horse-rac/e, -ing
             (hyphen), but Horserace (one word) Totalisator Board, and
             Horserace Betting Levy Board

   horse-radish
             (hyphen)

   horseshoe (one word) but horse-shoeing (hyphen)

   Horseshoe Fall
             Niagara; Horse Shoe Falls, Guyana

   horse-tail
             Turkish standard; a plant (hyphen)

   horsewhip (one word)

   "Horst Wessel Song"
             song of the German Nazi party, after the writer of the words

   horsy     horselike, not -ey

   hort.     horticulture

   hortus siccus
             collection of dried plants

   Hos.      Hosea

   hosanna/  a shout of praise, "save, we pray", not -ah (not ital.); Hosanna
             Sunday, Palm Sunday

   hospital/ abbr. hosp.; -ize, not -ise

   hospitaller
             one of a charitable brotherhood (US -aler)

   hotbed    (one word)

   hotchpot  (law), commixture of property to secure equable distribution
             (one word)

   hotchpotch
             (cook.) (one word). See also hodgepodge

   h“te      (Fr. m.), innkeeper, host; also guest

   hotel     see a; -- (name of), to be roman quoted to avoid ambiguity, as
             "The Farmhouse"

   H“tel des Invalides
             Paris, founded 1670 as hospital for disabled soldiers; contains
             Napoleon's tomb (caps.)

   h“tel/ de ville
             (Fr. m.), town hall; ---Dieu (l'), chief hospital of a town (one
             cap.); -- garni, -- meubl‚, furnished lodgings

   hotelier  hotel-keeper (not ital., no accent)

   hot/foot, -head, -house, -plate
             (one word)

   hot metal (typ.), justified mechanical composition in purpose-cast metal
             sorts or slugs by casting-machine driven by punched paper roll
             from keyboard

   hotpot    (cook.) (one word)

   houdah    use how-

   Houdan    breed of fowls

   Houdin (Jean EugЉne Robert)
             1805-71, French conjuror

   Houdini (Harry)
             real name Ehrich Weiss, 1874-1926, US escapologist

   Houdon (Jean Antoine)
             1741-1828, French sculptor

   Houghton-le-Spring
             Tyne & Wear (hyphens)

   hour/     -s, abbr. hr., hrs., but h (no point, same in pl.) in scientific
             and technical work; -glass (hyphen)

   houri/    a nymph of the Muslim paradise; pl. -s

   Housa     use Hausa

   house     number of, in a street, has no comma after, as 6 Fleet Street;
             abbr. ho.

   House     (the), the Stock Exchange, Christ Church (Oxford), the House of
             Commons, (formerly) the workhouse

   house-agent
             (hyphen)

   house arrest
             (two words)

   houseboat (one word)

   housebote (law), tenant's right to wood to repair house (one word)

   housebreak/er, -ing
             (one word)

   house/-flag
             distinguishing flag of a shipping company; -fly (hyphens)

   house/holder, -keeper, -keeping, -maid
             (one word)

   house party
             (two words)

   house/-physician
             abbr. HP; -surgeon, abbr. HS (hyphens)

   house style
             (typ.), the custom of a printing establishment as to both the
             literal aspect (use of capitals, spellings, abbreviations,
             italics, word-division, etc.) and the general layout and design

   house/wife, -work
             (one word)

   Housman (Alfred Edward)
             1859-1936, English scholar and poet; -- (Laurence), 1865-1959,
             his brother, English writer and artist

   Houssaye (ArsЉne)
             1815-96, French novelist and poet; -- (Henri), 1848-1911, his
             son, French historian

   Houyhnhnm one of a race of horses with noble human characteristics
             (Swift's Gulliver's Travels), pron.  hwinnim; contrasted with
             Yahoo, q.v.

   Howards End
             by E. M. Forster, 1910 (no apos.)

   howbeit   (one word)

   howdah    elephant-seat, not -a, houda, -ah, -ar

   how-do-you-do
             or how-d'ye-do, awkward situation (hyphens)

   howitzer  a cannon

   hoyden    tomboy, not hoi-

8.17 HP...
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   HP        high pressure (also h.p.), high priest, hire-purchase (also
             (h.p.), house-physician, Houses of Parliament

   hp        horsepower (no point)

8.18 HQ
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HQ        Headquarters

8.19 HR...
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   HR        Home Rule, House of Representatives

   hr.       (Dan., Norw., Swed.), herr (Mr)

   hr.       hrs., hour, -s (non-technical use)

   Hradec/   Czechoslovakia, not Gratz; -- Kr lov‚, not K”niggr„tz

   Hrdlicka (Ales)
             1869-1943, Bohemian-born US anthropologist

   HRE       Holy Roman Empire

   HRH       Her, or His, Royal Highness

   HRIP      (Lat.), hic requiescit in pace (here rests in peace)

   hrsg.     (Ger.), herausgegeben (edited)

8.20 HS...
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   HS        hic sepult/us, -a (here buried), house-surgeon; symbol for
             sesterce, Roman coin equivalent to 1/4 of a denarius

   Hs.       (Ger.), Handschrift (manuscript)

   h.s.      (Lat.), hoc sensu (in this sense)

   HSC       Higher School Certificate, now GCE A level

   HSE       hic sepult/us, -a est (here lies buried)

   HSH       His, or Her, Serene Highness

   HSS       Historicae Societatis Socius (Fellow of the Historical Society)

8.21 ht....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ht.       height

   h.t.      hoc tempore (at this time), hoc titulo (in, or under, this
             title); (elec.) high tension

   ht. wkt.  (cricket), hit wicket

8.22 HU...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   HU        Harvard University

   Huanghe   see Hwang-Ho

   hubble-bubble
             oriental pipe (hyphen, not ital.)

   Huberman (Bronislaw)
             1882-1947, Polish violinist

   hubris/   (Gr. drama), presumptuous pride that invites disaster, not hy-
             (not ital.); adj. -tic

   huckaback rough-surfaced linen fabric, not hugga-

   Hucknall  Notts., where Byron is buried

   Hudson Bay
             N. America, but Hudson's Bay Company

   Hueffer   later Ford (F. M.), q.v.

   huggaback use huck-

   hugger-mugger
             secret(ly) (hyphen)

   Hughenden Bucks., not -don

   Hugli     use Hooghly

   Hugo (Victor Marie)
             1802-85, French poet, novelist, and playwright

   Huguenot  (hist.), a French protestant, not -onot

   huissier  (Fr. m.), bailiff, door-keeper

   huЊtres   (Fr. f. pl.), oysters

   huius/ anni
             (Lat.), of this year, abbr. h.a.; -- mensis, of this month,
             abbr. h.m.

   hullabaloo
             uproar, not the many variants

   Hullah (John Pyke)
             1852-84, English musician

   hullo     use hallo

   Hulsean Lectures
             Cambridge

   Humanae Vitae
             (Lat.), of human life, name of encyclical on contraception, by
             Pope Paul VI, 1968

   Humaniora (Lat.), the humanities; abbr. Hum. See also Lit. Hum.

   humanize  not -ise

   humankind (one word)

   Humberside
             county of England

   humble-bee
             (hyphen)

   humble pie
             (to eat), not umble (two words)

   Humboldt (Friedrich Heinrich Alexander, Baron von)
             1769-1859, German naturalist; -- (Karl Wilhelm, Baron von),
             1767-1835, his brother, German philologist, statesman, and poet

   humdrum   commonplace (one word)

   Humean    of David Hume, 1711-76, Scottish historian and philosopher, not
             -ian

   humer/us  upper-arm bone, pl. -i (not ital.)

   humming-bird
             (hyphen)

   hummum    Turkish bath; use hammam

   humoresque
             a musical caprice, not humour-

   humor/ist, -ize
             not -ise

   humorous/, -ly, -ness


   humoursome
             (capricious)

   humous    see humus

   humpback(ed)
             (one word)

   Humperdinck (Engelbert)
             1854-1921, German composer

   Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
             1391-1447, son of Henry IV of England, Protector during minority
             of Henry VI

   Humphrey's Clock (Master)
             by Dickens, 1840

   Humphry   (not -ey) Clinker, by Smollett, 1771

   Humpty-Dumpty
             (hyphen), a short, squat person (from character in nursery
             rhyme)

   hum/us    vegetable mould; adj. -ous

   hunchback(ed)
             (one word)

   hundert   (Ger.), hundred

   hundred/  symbol C; -weight/, -s (one word), abbr. cwt

   hundred-and-first
             etc. (hyphens)

   hundred-per-cent
             (adj.), entire

   Hundred Years War
             between England and France, 1337-1453 (caps., no apos.)

   hung      see hanged

   Hung.     Hungar/y, -ian

   Hungary   abbr. Hung.; in Fr.  Hongrie, in Ger. Ungarn, in Hung.  (Magyar)
             Magyarorsz g

   Hunstanton
             Norfolk

   Hunter's Quay
             Strathclyde (apos.)

   Huntingdon
             Cambs.

   Huntingdonshire
             former county of England, abbr. Hunts.

   Huntington
             Hereford & Wore., Shropshire, Staffs., N.  Yorks.; -- Library,
             San Marino, Calif., US

   Huntley   Glos., Staffs.

   Huntly/   Grampian; -- (Marquess of), not -ey

   Hunyadi J nos
             Hungarian mineral water

   Hunyady (J nos)
             1387-1456, Hungarian general of Romanian descent, not -adi

   hurds     use hards

   hurdy-gurdy
             (mus.), not hirdy-girdy, q.v.

   hurly-burly
             commotion, not hi-, bi-

   hurrah    or hurray, not hoo-

   hurry-curry
             use hara-kiri

   hurry-scurry
             pell-mell, not -sk-

   Hurstmonceux
             E. Sussex, use Herst-

   Hurstpierpoint
             W. Sussex (one word)

   husband   abbr. h.

   Husbands Bosworth
             Leics. (no apos.)

   Huss/ (John)
             1369-1455, Bohemian religious reformer, in Ger. Hus (Johann);
             -ite

   hussy     pert girl, not -zzy

   Huygens (Christian)
             1629-95, Dutch mathematician and astronomer, not -ghens

   Huysmans (Joris Karl)
             1848-1907, French novelist

   huzzy     use hussy

8.23 h.w....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   h.w.      (cricket), hit wicket

   h/w       herewith

   Hwang-Ho  (river in China), not Hoangho; in Pinyin Huanghe

   HWM       high-water mark

8.24 Hy...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Hy        Henry (man's name) (no point)

   Hyacinthe (PЉre)
             Charles Jean Marie Loyson, 1827-1912, French priest

   hyaena    use hyena

   hybernate use hi-

   hybrid    (bot.), symbol x (see botany)

   hybridize etc., not -ise

   hybris    use hu-

   hyd.      hydrostatics

   Hyderabad Deccan, India; Sind, Pakistan; not Haidar-, Hydar-

   hydrangea a shrub, not -ia

   hydro/    colloq. for hydropathic establishment, hydroelectric plant (no
             point), pl. -s

   hydro/carbon, -dynamics, -electric
             (one word)

   hydrogen  symbol H

   hydro/lysis
             decomposition by water; -lyse, not -lyze

   hydrophobia
             aversion to water, rabies

   hydroplane
             kind of motor boat (one word)

   hydrostatics
             abbr. hyd.

   hydrotherapy
             (one word)

   hyena     not hyae-

   HyЉres    d‚p. Var, France

   Hygeia    (Gr.) goddess of health, not -gea, -giea, -gieia (the older Gr.
             spelling); adj. hygeian, healthy

   hygien/e  science of health; adj.  -ic

   hying     use hie-

   Hyksos    rulers of Egypt, 17th-16th c. BC

   Hylton-Foster (Sir Harry)
             1905-65, Speaker of the House of Commons 1959-65

   hymen/    (anat.), virginal membrane (not ital.); adj. -al

   Hymen     (Gr. and Rom. myth.), god of marriage; adj. hymeneal

   hymn-book (hyphen)

   hyp.      hypothesis, hypothetical

   hyperaem/ia
             excess of blood; adj.  -ic; not -haemia

   hyperbol/a
             a curve; adj. -ic

   hyperbol/e
             exaggeration; adj. -ical

   hypercritical
             excessively critical

   hypermarket
             in theory larger than a supermarket (one word)

   hyphens   see punctuation XIII

   hypnotize not -ise

   hypochondria
             morbid anxiety about health, not -condria

   hypocri/sy, -te, -tical


   hypotenuse
             (geom.), not hypoth-

   hypothecate
             to mortgage

   hypothermia
             lack of warmth in body

   hypothes/is
             provisional explanation; pl. -es; abbr. hyp.

   hypothesize
             to form a hypothesis, not -ise, -tize

   hysterectomy
             (surg.), removal of the womb

   hysteresis
             (phys.), a lagging of variation in effect behind variation in
             cause

   hysteron proteron
             (Gr.), the reverse of natural order, the cart before the horse

   hysterotomy
             (surg.), cutting into the womb

8.25 Hz
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   Hz        hertz, SI unit of frequency (no point)

9.0 I
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9.1 I...
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   I         iodine, (roman numeral) one (no point), the ninth in a series

   I.        Island, -s, Isle, -s, imperator (emperor), imperatrix (empress)

   i         (med. prescriptions) one, (math.)  square root of minus one

   i.        id (that)

   I         or i (ital.), symbol for electric current

9.2 IA...
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   IA        Indian Army, infected area, Iowa (off. postal abbr.)

   Ia.       Iowa (off. abbr.)

   IAAF      International Amateur Athletic Federation

   IAAM      Incorporated Association of Assistant Masters, usu. called AMA

   IAEA      International Atomic Energy Agency

   IAHM      Incorporated Association of Headmasters. See also AHMI

   IAM       Institute of Advanced Motorists

   iamb/us   foot of two syllables, the first short, the second long; pl.
             -uses; adj. -ic; -ics, iambic verse (See Figure 1 in
             topic FRONT_4)

   IATA      International Air Transport Association

9.3 IBA...
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   IBA       Independent Broadcasting Authority

   Ib ¤ez (Vicente Blasco)
             1867-1928, Spanish novelist

   Iberian   pertaining to Spanish peninsula

   ibex/     mountain-goat; pl. -es

   ibidem    (Lat.), in the same place, abbr. ib. or ibid. (not ital., not
             cap. except to begin sentence or note). See also idem

   ibis/     wading bird; pl. -es

   Ibiza     Balearic Is., not Iv-

   Iblis     use E-

   IBM       International Business Machines

   Ibo       people and language of Nigeria, not Igbo

   IBRD      International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (UN)

   Ibsen (Henrik)
             1828-1906, Norwegian writer

9.4 IC...
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   IC        (comp.), integrated circuit

   i/c       in charge, in command

   ICA       Institute of Contemporary Arts

   ICAN      International Commission for Air Navigation

   ICAO      International Civil Aviation Organization (UN)

   Icarian   of Icarus, not -ean

   ICBM      inter-continental ballistic missile

   ICE       Institution of Civil Engineers; internal-combustion engine

   Ice.      Iceland, -ic

   iceberg   (one word)

   ice/-cap, -cream
             (hyphens)

   Icelandic (typ.), roman alphabet now used

   ice-pick  (hyphen)

   ICFTU     International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

   ich       (Ger.), I (cap. only at beginning of sentence)

   ich dien  (Ger.), I serve (motto of the Princes of Wales)

   I.Chem.E. Institution of Chemical Engineers

   i ching   Chin. fortune-telling game

   ichneumon fly and mongoose

   ichthyology
             study of fishes; abbr.  ichth.

   ichthyosaur/us
             extinct marine animal; pl. -i

   Ichthys   (Gr. "fish", early Christian symbol), initial letters of Iesous
             Christos Theou Uios Soter (Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour)

   ICI       Imperial Chemical Industries

   Ici on parle fran‡ais
             French spoken here (l.c. f)

   Icknield Street
             or Way

   ICN       in Christi nomine (in Christ's name)

   icon/     an illustration or portrait, esp. religious; pl. -s; -ic; not
             ik-, eik- (not ital.)

   icon.     iconograph/y, -ic

   ICS       Indian Civil Service

   ICV       International Code Use (signals)

9.5 ID...
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   ID        (mil.), Intelligence Department, (off. postal abbr.) Idaho

   I'd       (I had, or I would), to be printed close up

   id        (in Freudian psychology), not cap.

   id.       idem (the same)

   i.d.      inner diameter

   id        (Lat.), that; abbr. i.

   IDA       International Development Association (UN)

   Idaho     off. postal abbr. ID

   IDB       (S. Afr.), illicit diamond buy/er, -ing

   IDC       Imperial Defence College, now RCDS

   idea'd    having ideas, not -aed

   idealize  not -ise

   idealogical
             etc., use ideo-

   id‚e/ fixe
             (Fr. f.), fixed idea; -- re‡ue, accepted opinion

   idem/     (Lat.), the same, or as mentioned before; abbr. id. (not ital.,
             not cap. except to begin sentence or note), pl. same, used
             generally to avoid repetition of author's name in footnotes or
             bibliographical matter (see also ibidem) -- quod, the same as,
             abbr.  i.q.

   identif/y, -ication
             not ind-

   Identikit (picture), composite drawing of face (propr. term). See also
             photofit

   ideo/gram, -graph
             a character symbolizing the idea of a thing without expressing
             its name

   ideologue a visionary

   ideolog/y study of ideas, a way of thinking; -ical,-ist; not ideal-

   ides      (pl.), in Roman calendar the fifteenth day of March, May, July,
             October, the thirteenth of other months

   id est    (Lat.), that is; abbr. i.e.  (not ital., l.c., comma before)

   id genus omne
             (Lat.), all of that kind

   idiolect  linguistic system of one person, not ideo-

   idiosyncra/sy
             a peculiarity of temperament, not -cy; -tic

   idl/ing, -y
             not -eing, -ey

   IDN       in Dei nomine (in God's name)

   idolater  not -or

   idolize   not -ise

   idol/um   a false mental image; pl.  -a

   Idumaea   not -mea

   idyll     a work of art depicting innocence or rusticity, not -yl

9.6 ie...
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   -ie-      not -ei-, in: achieve, adieu, aggrieve, Aries, befriend, belief,
             believe, besiege, bier, bombardier, brief, brigadier, cashier,
             cavalier, chandelier, chief, chiffonier, fief, field, fiend,
             fierce, friend, frieze, gaselier, grenadier, grief, griev/e,
             -ance, -ous, handkerchief, hygieinic, lief, liege, mien,
             mischief, mischievous, niece, piece/, -meal, pier, pierce,
             priest, relie/f, -ve, reprieve, retrieve, review, rilievo,
             shield, shriek, siege, sieve, species, thief, thieve, tier,
             tierce, tiercel, wield, yield. See also -ei-

   IE        (Order of the) Indian Empire, Indo-European

   i.e.      id est (that is) (l.c., not ital., comma before)

   IEA       International Energy Agency

   IEE       Institution of Electrical Engineers

   IEEE      Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (US)

   Ieper     Fl. for Ypres

   IERE      Institution of Electronic and Radio Engineers

   Iesu      (Lat.), Jesus (vocative)

9.7 IF...
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   IF        intermediate frequency

   IFC       International Finance Corporation (UN)

9.8 IG...
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   IG        Indo-Germanic, (mil.) Inspector-General

   I. Gas E. Institution of Gas Engineers

   Igbo      use Ibo

   igloo/    Eskimo snow-hut; pl. -s

   ign.      ignotus (unknown)

   igneous   of or like or produced by fire, not -ious

   ignis fatuus
             (Lat.), will-o'-the-wisp; pl. ignes fatui

   ignitable not -ible

   ignoramus/
             an ignorant person; pl.  -es

   ignoratio elenchi
             (Lat.), refuting a proposition differing from that one professes
             to be refuting

   ignotum per ignotius
             (Lat.), the unknown by means of the more unknown, not ignotus

   ignotus   (Lat.), unknown; abbr. ign.

   IGO       intergovernmental organization

   IGY       International Geophysical Year

9.9 i.h....
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   i.h.      iacet hic (here lies)

   IHC       same as IHS, C being a form of Gr. cap. S

   ihm       (Ger.), to him

   Ihnen     (Ger.), to you (cap.); to them (not cap.)

   i.h.p.    indicated horsepower

   Ihr       (Ger.), your (cap.)

   ihr       (Ger.), to her, her, their, (fam.) you (not cap.)

   IHS       abbr. of Gr. Iesous (H being Gr. cap. long E); later interpreted
             as Lat. Iesus Hominum Salvator (Jesus Men's Saviour); In Hoc
             Signo (vinces), in this sign (thou shalt conquer); In Hac
             (Cruce) Salus, in this (cross) is salvation

   IHVE      Institution of Heating and Ventilation Engineers

9.10 II...
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   II        (roman numeral), two (no point)

   III       (roman numeral), three (no point)

   IIII      (roman numeral), four, sometimes appears on clock-face,
             otherwise use IV

9.11 IJ...
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   IJ        water area, Netherlands, not Ij, Y

   ij        (med.), two; (typ.) in Dutch now used instead of y

   i.J.      (Ger.), im Jahre (in the year)

   i.J.d.W.  (Ger.), im Jahre der Welt (in the year of the world)

   IJ/muiden town, -ssel, river, -sselmeer, formerly Zuider Zee, Netherlands,
             not Ij-, Y-

9.12 ikon
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   ikon      use icon

9.13 IL...
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   IL        Illinois (off. postal abbr.)

   il        (Fr.), he or it; (It., m. sing.), the

   Њle       (Fr. f.), island

   ILEA      Inner London Education Authority

   ileum     (anat.), part of intestine

   ilex/     the holm-oak; pl. -es

   Iliad     of Homer (ital., not quoted)

   Ilium     (Lat.), Troy

   ilium     (anat.), part of pelvis

   ilk       (of that), of the same name as ancestral estate; (colloq.) of
             that kind

   Ill.      Illinois (off. abbr.)

   ill.      illustrissimus (most distinguished)

   I'll      I shall or I will, to be printed close up

   ill-advised/, -ly
             (hyphens)

   Ille-et-Vilaine
             d‚p. France

   illegalize
             not -ise

   illegitimize
             not -atize, -ise

   ill/-fated, -gotten
             (hyphens)

   ill/ health, humour
             (two words)

   illimitable
             limitless

   Illinois  off. abbr. Ill. or (postal) IL

   ill nature
             (two words); ill-natured (hyphen)

   ill/-treat, -use
             (hyphens)

   illuminati
             (pl.), enlightened people, cap. with reference to particular
             movements (not ital.)

   illus/ive, -ory
             of more apparent than real value. See also elusive

   illustrat/ed, -ion
             abbr. illus.

   illustrator
             not -er

   ill will  (two words)

   il n'y a pas de quoi
             (Fr.), don't mention it

   ILO       International Labour Organisation, ditto Office (UN)

   ILP       Independent Labour Party

   "Il Penseroso"
             poem by Milton, 1632

   ILS       instrument landing system

   ILTF      International Lawn Tennis Federation. But see tennis

9.14 IM...
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   IM        intramuscular

   I'm       to be printed close up

   imag/o    winged insect, pl. -ines; idealized mental picture, pl. -s

   imam      Muslim priest, not -am, -aum

   I.Mar.E.  Institute of Marine Engineers

   imbed     use embed

   imbroglio/
             a tangle; pl. -s; not em- (not ital.)

   imbrue    to stain, dye, not em-

   imbue     to saturate, inspire (with feelings), not em-

   IMCO      Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (UN)

   I.Mech.E. Institution of Mechanical Engineers

   IMF       International Monetary Fund (UN)

   imfe      use imphee

   I.Min.E.  Institution of Mining Engineers

   im Jahre  (Ger.), in the year; abbr.  i.J.

   IMM       Institution of Mining and Metallurgy

   immanent  inherent. See also imminent

   immesh    use en-

   imminent  impending. See also immanent

   immobiliz/e
             not -ise; -ation

   immortalize
             not -ise

   immortelle
             an everlasting flower (not ital.)

   Immortels (Les)
             the members of the French Academy

   immov/able, -ability, -ableness, -ably


   immunize  to render immune, not -ise

   immutable unchangeable

   imp.      imperative, imperfect, imperial, impersonal, import/ed, -er,
             impression, imprimatur

   imp.      (Fr.) inprimeur (printer); (Lat.) imperator (emperor),
             imperatrix (empress)

   impa/nel, -nnel
             use empanel

   impassable
             that cannot be passed

   impasse   a deadlock (not ital.)

   impassible
             that cannot feel

   impassion/
             to stir emotionally; -ed, not em-

   impasto/  the thick laying-on of colour, pl. -s

   impayable (Fr.), invaluable, priceless

   impedance (elec.), hindrance to alternating current

   impedimenta
             (pl.), (mil.) baggage

   impel/, -led, -ler
             not -lor, -ling

   imperative
             (mood) expressing command; abbr. imp.

   imperat/or
             (Lat.), fem. -rix, absolute ruler; abbr. I. or imp.

   imperf.   imperfect, (stamps) imperforate

   imperfect abbr. imp. or imperf.

   imperfection
             (typ.), copy of book with printing or binding faults; good sheet
             needed to complete a binding order or replace faulty one

   imperial  abbr. imp.

   imperial  former size of paper, 22 x 30 ins.; -- 4to, 15 x 11 in.; -- 8vo,
             11 x 7.5 in. (untrimmed). See also book sizes

   imperil/, -led, -ling


   imperium/ (Lat.), absolute power; -- in imperio, an empire within an
             empire

   impermeable
             that cannot be passed through

   impersonal
             abbr. imp.

   impetus/  momentum, incentive; pl.  -es

   imphee    a sugar-cane, not -fe, -phie (not ital.)

   impi      (S. Afr.), a Zulu regiment, an armed band

   imping/e  to make an impact; -ing

   implacable
             not -ible

   import/ed, -er
             abbr. imp.

   impose    (typ.), to arrange pages of type in a "forme" so that they will
             read consecutively when the printed sheet is folded

   impostor  not -er

   impracticable
             incapable of being accomplished. See also unpractical

   impregn/able
             that cannot be taken by force; -atable, that can be impregnated

   impresa   (It.), an undertaking

   impresario/
             manager of operatic or other cultural undertakings (one s, not
             ital.); pl. -s

   impressa  (It.), an imprint

   impression
             (typ.), product from one cycle of a printing machine; all the
             copies of book etc. printed at one press-run from the same type,
             plates, etc., abbr. imp., in trade practice 1/i, 2/i, etc. =
             1st, 2nd, etc. imp.; indentation in paper by a printing surface;
             pressure exerted between printing and impression surfaces

   impressionable
             not -ible

   imprimatur
             official licence to print, sanction; abbr. imp. (not ital.)

   imprimatura
             (It.), coloured glaze

   imprim/er (Fr.), to print; -erie (f.), printing office; -eur (m.), printer

   imprimi potest
             (Lat.), formula giving imprimatur (ital.)

   imprimis  (Lat.), in the first place, not in primis (ital.)

   imprint   any paper printed for circulation in the United Kingdom must
             show the name and address of the printer, who must for six
             months keep one copy with the name and address of his customer;
             name and address of printer and publisher must appear on all
             parliamentary and municipal election work; matter bearing no
             message (e.g. business stationery) is exempt from these
             requirements.  -- (publisher's), the name of the publisher,
             place of publication, and date, usu. printed at the foot of the
             title-page. See also preliminary matter

   impromptu/
             (adv. and adj.)  extempore, (noun) piano-piece, pl.  -s (not
             ital.)

   improvable
             not -eable, -ible

   improvis/e
             to extemporize, not -ize; -ator, one who speaks or plays music
             extempore; -er, in general, one who improvises

   improvvisat/ore
             (It.), improvisator; pl. -ori, fem. -rice

   I.Mun.E.  Institution of Municipal Engineers

9.15 IN...
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   IN        Indiana (off. postal abbr.)

   In        indium (no point)

   in.       inch, -es, (q.v.)

   in        (Ger.), in, into

   in-       (Fr.), prefix in stating book sizes

   in/ absentia
             (Lat.), while absent; -- abstracto, in the abstract; --
             aeternum, for ever

   inadmissible
             not -able

   inadverten/t
             (of people) negligent, (of actions) unintentional; -ce

   inadvisable
             (of thing or course of action) not recommended. See also
             unadvisable

   inamorat/o
             fem. -a, pl. -i, a lover (not ital.); in It. innamorat/o, -a;
             not en-

   in articulo mortis
             (Lat.), at the moment of death

   inasmuch  (one word)

   Inauguration Day
             (of US President), 20 Jan.; before 1937, 4 Mar.

   in banco  (Lat.), as a full court of judges

   Inbegriff (Ger. m.), epitome, embodiment (cap.)

   in-built  (hyphen)

   INC       in nomine Christi (in Christ's name)

   Inc.      (US), Incorporated

   Inca      one of the royal race of Peru, not Y-

   incage    use en-

   in camera not in open court

   in/capsulate, -case
             use en-

   in/ cathedra
             (Lat.), in the chair of office; -- cautelam, for a warning

   inch/     in metric system 25.4 millimetres (not now in scientific use);
             pl. -es, abbr. in., sign "

   inchase   use en-

   Inchcape Rock
             or Bell Rock, North Sea (two words)

   incidentally
             not -tly

   incipit   first words (of book etc.)

   incise    to cut into, engrave, not -ize

   incl.     including, inclusive

   inclose   etc., see en-

   includible
             not -able

   inclu/ding, -sive
             abbr. incl.

   "In Coena Domini"
             former annual papal bull against heretics

   Incogniti cricket club

   incognito/
             (noun, adj., and adv.), (person) with name concealed or
             disguised, the pretended identity; pl. -s; abbr. incog. (not
             ital.)

   income/ group, tax
             (two words)

   in/ commendam
             (Lat.), temporarily holding a vacant benefice; -- concreto, in
             the concrete

   incommunicado
             without means of communication (not ital.); in Sp.  incomunicado

   inconnu/  (Fr.), fem. -e, unknown

   incorrigible
             not -eable

   increas/ed, -ing
             abbr. incr.

   incredible
             not -able

   incroach  use en-

   incrust   see en-

   incubous  (bot.), having the upper leaf-margin overlapping the leaf above

   incub/us  person or thing that oppresses like a nightmare; pl.  -uses
             (preferred) or -i

   incumber  etc., use en-

   incunabul/a
             sing. -um, the earliest examples of any art; (bibliog.)  books
             printed before 1501

   incur/    -red, -ring, -rable

   incurable that cannot be cured

   in curia  (Lat.), in open court

   incu/s    (anat.), a bone in the ear; pl. -des

   Ind       poetical for India (no point)

   Ind.      India, -n; off. abbr. for Indiana, US

   ind.      independen/ce, -t, index, indication, industrial

   IND       in nomine Dei (in God's name)

   indeclinable
             (gram.), having no inflexions; abbr. indecl.

   indefatigabl/e
             tireless; -y

   indefeasible
             that cannot be forfeited, not -able

   indefensible
             that cannot be defended, not -able

   indefinite
             abbr. indef.

   indelible that cannot be blotted out, not -able, -eble

   indemni/fy
             to protect against harm or loss; -ty; not en-

   indent    (typ.), to begin a line, or lines, with a blank space, as here;
             not en-

   indentation (hanging or reverse)
             (typ.), see hanging paragraph

   indentif/y, -ication
             use id-

   indenture sealed agreement, esp. one binding apprentice to master, not en-

   independ/ence, -ent
             abbr. ind. or indep.

   Independence Day
             US, 4 July

   independency
             a country that has attained independence

   Independent Order of Odd Fellows
             not Oddfellows, abbr. IOOF

   in deposito
             (Lat.), in deposit

   indescribable
             not -eable, -ible

   index/    pl. -es, abbr. ind. For general instructions for setting indexes
             see Hart's Rules, pp. 20-3

   ind/ex    (sci. and math.), pl. -ices

   "Index/ Expurgatorius"
             (Lat.), index of the passages to be expunged; "-- Librorum/
             Expurgandorum" (RCC), a list of books which might be read only
             in expurgated editions; "-- Prohibitorum" (RCC), a list of books
             which the Church forbade to be read

   India/    -n, abbr. Ind.

   India/man a large ship in the Indian trade; pl. -men

   Indiana   (US), off. abbr. Ind. or (postal) IN

   Indianapolis
             US

   indian/ corn, -- ink
             not india (not cap.)

   Indian summer
             period of warm weather in late autumn; tranquil and productive
             late period of life

   India paper
             thin book paper, not -ian (no hyphen); Oxford -- --, very thin,
             strong bible paper made only for the OUP

   indiarubber
             (one word)

   indication
             abbr. ind.

   indicative
             (gram.), abbr. indic.

   ind/ices  (sci. and math.), not -exes; sing. -ex

   indicia   (pl.), signs, identifying marks (not ital.)

   indict/   to accuse by legal process; -er, not -or

   indiction (later Rom. Emp.), cycle of years for administrative and dating
             purposes

   indigestible
             not -able

   indiscreet
             injudicious

   indiscrete
             not divided into distinct parts

   indispensable
             not -ible

   indite    to put into written words

   indium    symbol In

   individualize
             not -ise

   individu/um
             (Lat.), the indivisible; pl. -a

   Indo-China
             unofficial collective name for the countries of the SE peninsula
             of Asia

   Indo-European
             abbr. IE or Indo-Eur.

   Indo-German/, -ic
             abbr. IG or Indo- Ger.

   Indonesia indep. 1950, formerly Dutch East Indies, with W. New Guinea
             added 1962; abbr. Indon.

   indoor/, -s
             (one word)

   indorse   etc., use en-

   Indostan  use Hindu-

   indraught a drawing in, not -aft

   indubitabl/e
             not -ible; -y

   induction not -xion

   indu/e, -re
             use en-

   industrial
             abbr. ind.

   in‚dit/   fem. -e (Fr.), unpublished

   inedita   (Lat.), unpublished compositions

   ineducable
             incapable of being educated, not -atable, -ible

   ineffaceable


   ineligible
             not -able

   inept     out of place

   inertia   (not ital.), but vis inertiae

   in/ esse  (Lat.), actually existing; -- excelsis, in the highest (degree);
             -- extenso, in full; -- extremis, at the point of death

   in f.     in fine (finally)

   inf.      infantry, inferior, infinitive

   inf.      (Lat.), infra (below)

   infallib/le
             not -able; -ilist, a believer in the Pope's infallibility, not
             -blist

   Infanta   dau. of King and Queen of Spain; Infante, younger son of ditto

   infantry  abbr. inf.

   infantryman
             (one word)

   infected area
             abbr. IA

   infer/    to draw a conclusion; -red, -ring

   infer/able
             not -rr-; -ence

   inferior  abbr. inf.

   inferiors (typ.), small characters set at lower (right) side of ordinary
             characters

   inferno/  a scene of horror, pl. -s; (cap. and ital.) the first part of
             Dante's Divina Commedia, describing his journey through Hell

   in fieri  (Lat.), in course of completion

   infighting
             boxing at close quarters, internal conflict (one word)

   infill/   to fill in; -ing

   infin.    infinitive

   in fine   finally; abbr. in f. (not ital.)

   infinitive
             abbr. inf. or infin.

   in flagrante delicto
             (Lat.), in the very act of committing the offence

   inflatable
             not -eable

   inflater  one who or that which inflates, not -or

   inflexible


   inflexion modulation of voice, gram. termination

   infold    etc., use en-

   inforce   etc., use en-

   in forma pauperis
             (Lat.), as a pauper

   infra/    (Lat.), below, abbr. inf.; -- dignitatem, undignified, abbr.
             infra dig.

   infra-red (hyphen)

   infrastructure
             (one word)

   infula/   each of the ribbons of a bishop's mitre, pl. -e

   infuser   one who or that which steeps something in a liquid, not -or

   infusible that cannot be melted

   in futuro (Lat.), in, or for, the future

   Inge      (William Ralph, Dean), 1860-1954, English divine

   Ingelow (Jean)
             1820-97, English poet

   in genere (Lat.), in kind

   ingenious inventive

   ing‚nue   (Fr. f.), an artless girl

   ingenuity inventiveness

   ingenuous/
             free from guile; noun -ness

   ingle-nook
             chimney corner (hyphen)

   Ingoldsby Legends
             by R. H. Barham, 1840

   ingraft, ingrain
             (verb), use en-

   ingrain/  (adj.), dyed in the yarn; -ed (adj., less specific), deeply
             rooted, inveterate. See also engrain

   Ingres (Jean Auguste Dominique)
             1780-1867, French painter (no accent)

   in/gross, -gulf
             use en-

   in-group  small exclusive group of people (hyphen)

   inhabitant
             abbr. inhab.

   in hac parte
             (Lat.), on this part

   in/ hoc   (Lat.), in this respect; -- hoc salus, safety in this; --
             infinitum, for ever

   in-house  (adj., hyphen)

   INI       in nomine Iesu (in the name of Jesus)

   Inishfail poet. for Ireland, not Inn-

   init., initio
             Normally italic. (Lat.), in the beginning

   initial/  -led, -ling

   initial letter
             (typ.), large letter used at beginning of chapter

   Initial Teaching Alphabet
             (caps.), abbr. i t a (spaced l.c., no points)

   injuri/a  (Law), a wrong; pl. -ae

   ink-blot test
             (one hyphen)

   Inkerman  Crimea, not -ann

   ink/pot, -stand
             (one word)

   ink-well  (hyphen)

   in-laws   relatives by marriage (hyphen)

   in/ limine
             (Lat.), at the outset, abbr. in lim.; -- loco, in place of; --
             loco citato, in the place cited); -- loco parentis, in the
             position of parent; -- medias res, into the midst of affairs; --
             medio, in the middle; -- medio tutissimus ibis, the middle
             course is safest; -- memoriam, to the memory (of)

   innamorat/o
             fem. -a, mod. It.  spelling of inam-

   inner     (typ.), the side of a sheet containing the second page

   Innes (Cosmo)
             1798-1874, Scottish historian; -- (James Dickson), 1887-1914,
             British painter; -- (Michael), pseud. of John Innes Mackintosh
             Stewart, b. 1906, British novelist; -- (Thomas), 1662-1744,
             Scottish historian

   Inness (George)
             1825-94, US painter

   innings   (US inning), portion of game played by one side; pl. same

   Innisfail use Inishfail

   Inniskilling Dragoon Guards.
             See also Enniskillen

   innkeeper (one word)

   inn (name of)
             see hotel

   Innocents' Day
             28 Dec. (caps.)

   innoculate
             use ino-

   in/ nomine
             (Lat.), in the name (of a person)

   Innsbruck Austria

   Inns of Court (the)
             Inner Temple, Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn

   in/ nubibus
             (Lat.), in the clouds; -- nuce, in a nutshell

   innuendo/ an injurious insinuation, pl. -es, not inu- (not ital.)

   Innuit    a Canadian Eskimo. See also Yuit

   inoculate to inject an immunizing serum into, not en-, inn-

   in/ pace  (Lat.), in peace; -- pari materia, in an analogous case; --
             partibus infidelium, in the regions of unbelievers, abbr. i.p.i.
             or in partibus; cf. Bishop

   in-patient
             (hyphen)

   in petto  (It.), secretly

   in/ pontificalibus
             in pontifical vestments; -- posse, potentially; -- potentia,
             potentially; -- primis, use imprimis; -- principio, in the
             beginning, abbr. in pr.; -- propria persona, in his, or her, own
             person; -- puris naturalibus, naked

   input/    (verb), -ting, past and partic. input

   inquire   to undertake formal investigation. See also enquire

   inquiry   an off. investigation. See also enquiry

   inquorate lacking a quorum

   in/ re    (Lat.), in the matter of; -- rem (law), relating to a matter; --
             rerum natura, in the nature of things

   INRI      Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum (Jesus of Nazareth, King of the
             Jews)

   in/road, -rush
             (one word)

   ins.      insurance

   in saecula saeculorum
             (Lat.), for ever and ever

   insconce  use en-

   in se     (Lat.), in itself, in themselves

   Insecta   (zool.), (Lat. pl.) insects, not -ae

   insert    (bind.), bookmark, advertisement, etc., slipped loose inside
             bound pages

   inset     (bind.), a folded section (min. 4 pages) placed inside (usu.  at
             centre) of another section, so that sewing passes through both;
             a small map etc. printed within the borders of a larger one

   inshallah if Allah wills

   insign/ia badges of office, is pl., sing. -e (not ital.)

   insisten/ce, -t
             not -ance, -ant

   in situ   (Lat.), in position

   insnare   use en-

   in so far (three words)

   insomuch  (one word)

   insoucian/ce
             lack of concern; -t, unconcerned (not ital.)

   Inspector abbr. Insp.

   Inspector-General
             abbr. IG or Insp.-Gen.

   INST      in nomine Sanctae Trinitatis (in the name of the Holy Trinity)

   inst.     instant, institut/e, -es, -ion

   Inst. Act.
             Institute of Actuaries

   install/, -ation
             (two ls)

   instalment
             (one l)

   instant   of this month, abbr. inst.

   instantaneous
             occurring or done instantly

   instanter at once (jocular) (not ital.)

   in statu/ pupillari
             (Lat.), in a condition of pupillage; -- quo (ante, prius; nunc),
             in the same state (as formerly; as now)

   Inst./D.  Institute of Directors; -- F., ditto Fuel

   instil/   to inculcate gradually; -led, -ling

   Institut de France
             the association of five French Academies

   Institut Fran‡ais du Royaume-Uni
             the French Institute, London

   Institute see separate entries beginning I. or Inst. (Institute of), FI
             (Fellow of the Institute of), RI (Royal Institute of)

   Institution
             see separate entries beginning I. (Institution of), FI (Fellow
             of the Institution of), RI (Royal Institution of)

   institutionalize
             not -ise, -ionize

   institutor
             not -er

   Inst./P.  Institute of Physics; -- R., ditto Refrigeration

   instruct/or
             not -er; fem. -ress

   instrument/, -al
             abbr. instr.

   insurance when effected against a risk, but assurance (q.v.) of life;
             insur/e, -er in all insurance senses; abbr. ins.

   inswathe  use en-

   int.      interest, interior, interjection, internal, international,
             interpreter

   intaglio/ incised design, pl. -s (not ital.); see also cameo; (typ.), a
             printing process based on an etched or incised plate

   intailed  use en-

   intangible
             not -able

   intarsia  mosaic woodwork

   intelligentsia
             (collect. noun), the intellectual part of population, not -zia

   Intelsat  International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium

   in tenebris
             (Lat.), in darkness, in doubt

   inter/    to bury; -red, -ring

   inter/    (Lat.), between; -- alia, among other things; -- alios, among
             other persons

   inter.    intermediate

   intercom  internal telephone system (no point)

   intercontinental
             (one word)

   interest  abbr. int.; in Fr. m.  int‚r€t

   interface (comp.), boundary or link between two computer units (one word)

   interim   (noun) the mean while; (adj.) temporary (not ital.)

   interior  abbr. int.

   interjection
             abbr. int. or interj.

   interlea/f
             an extra leaf, usu.  blank, inserted between the regular leaves
             of a book for notes or to protect illustration; caption pasted
             on inner margin of plate; pl. -ves; -ve, to insert such a leaf

   interlinear matter
             (typ.), small type between lines of larger

   intermarr/iage, -y
             (one word)

   intermedi/ate
             abbr. inter.; -um, an intervening agent, pl. -a (not ital.)

   intermezz/o
             short piece of entertainment, pl. -i; (cap., ital.) opera by
             Richard Strauss, 1924

   intermit/ to stop for a time; -ted, -tent, -ting

   internal/ abbr. int.; ---combustion engine (one hyphen)

   international
             abbr. int. or internat.

   International (the first)
             association of working classes of all countries (Marxist,
             1862-73); -- (the second) (French, 1889- ); -- (the third)
             (Russian communist, 1959-43), in Fr.  Internationale, also
             called the Comintern; -- (the fourth) (Trotskyist, 1938- )

   Internationale (The)
             French socialistic hymn

   internationalize
             not -ise

   inter nos (Lat.), between ourselves

   internuncio/
             papal ambassador, pl.  -s (not ital.)

   interoceanic
             (one word)

   interpellate
             (Parl.), interrupt to demand explanation

   interplanetary
             (one word)

   Interpol  the International Criminal Police Commission

   interpolate
             make insertions

   interpret/, -ed, -er
             abbr. int., -ing; -ative, not -pretive

   interregn/um
             period between one ruler and another; pl. -ums

   interrelat/ed, -ionship
             (one word)

   interrog. interrog/ation, -ative, -atively

   in terrorem
             (Lat.), as a warning

   interrupter
             not -or

   inter/ se (Lat.), among, or between, themselves; -- vivos, from one living
             person to another

   Intertype propr. term for a composing machine that casts lines of type,
             and for (computer-driven) photosetting systems developed by firm
             of this name

   inter-war of period between two wars (hyphen)

   in testimonium
             (Lat.), in witness

   inthron/e, -ization
             use en-

   intitule  etc., not en-, but entitle

   intonaco  (It.), plaster surface for fresco painting, not -ico

   in toto   (Lat.), entirely

   intra/    (Lat.), within; -- muros, privately

   intra/muscular
             ahbr. IM; -venous, abbr. IV

   intrans.  intransitive

   intransigent
             (adj.), uncompromising; in Fr. intransigeant (m. and adj.)  (no
             accent)

   intrap    use en-

   intra-uterine
             within the womb (hyphen)

   intravenous
             within a vein (one word)

   intra vires
             (Lat.), within one's powers

   in-tray   (hyphen)

   intreat   use en-

   intrench  use en-

   intrigant/
             fem. -e, intriguer

   introduction
             abbr. introd. See also preliminary matter

   introvert not intra-

   intrust   use en-

   intussusception
             (physiol.), taking in of foreign matter by living organism,
             withdrawal of one portion of tube into another (double s)

   intwine, intwist
             use en-

   inuendo   use inn-

   inure     to accustom, (law) to take effect, not en-

   in/ usu   (Lat.), in use; -- utero, in the womb; -- utroque iure, under
             both laws (canon and civil)

   inv.      invenit (designed this)

   inv.      invent/ed, -or, invoice

   in vacuo  (Lat.), in empty space

   Invalides (H“tel des)
             Paris, see H“tel

   invenit   (Lat.), designed this; abbr.  inv.

   invented  abbr. inv.

   inventor  not -er; abbr. inv.

   Inveraray Strathclyde, not -ry

   inverness man's sleeveless coat with removable cape (not cap.)

   Inverness-shire
             former county of Scotland (hyphen)

   Invertebrata
             (coll. noun), all animals other than vertebrates

   inverted commas
             see quotation marks

   inverter  not -or

   Inverurie Grampian

   investor  not -er

   in vino veritas
             (Lat.), a drunken man speaks the truth

   invita Minerva
             (Lat.), uninspiredly

   in vitro  (Lat.), in the test-tube

   in vivo   (Lat.), in the living organism

   invoice   abbr. inv.

   involucre (anat., bot.), a covering, envelope (not ital.)

   inweave   not en-

   inwrap    inwreathe, use en-

9.16 I/O...
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   I/O       (comp.), input/output

   io        (Gr., Lat.), exclamation of triumph (ital.)

   iodine    symbol I

   IOF       Independent Order of Foresters

   IOGT      International Order of Good Templars

   I.o.M.    Isle of Man (also IOM)

   Ion.      Ionic

   Ion/ian   (hist.) of Ionia, (mus.)  the mode; -ic (of) dialect and archit.
             order

   ionize    to convert into ions, not -ise

   IOOF      Independent Order of Odd Fellows

   IOP       Institute of Painters in Oil Colours

   IOR       Independent Order of Rechabites

   iota/     the Gr. i (no dot); -- adscript, printed after lower-case alpha,
             eta, and omega; -- subscript, printed beneath those letters. See
             also Hart's Rules, p.  112

   IOU       I owe you

   IOW       Isle of Wight (also I.o.W., IW)

   Iowa      off. abbr. Ia. or (postal) IA

9.17 IP...
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   IP        input primary

   IPA       International Phonetic Alphabet, ditto Association

   IPCS      Institution of Professional Civil Servants

   IPD       (Sc. law), in praesentia Dominorum (in the presence of the Lords
             [of Session])

   ipecacuanha
             (bot., med.), a purgative root

   i.p.i.    in partibus infidelium (in the regions of unbelievers)

   IPI       International Press Institute

   IPM       Institute of Personnel Managemeot

   I.Prod.E. Institution of Production Engineers

   i.p.s.    inches per second

   ipse dixit
             (Lat.), he himself has said it

   ipsissima verba
             (Lat.), the very words

   ipso facto
             (Lat.), by the fact itself

9.18 IQ...
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   IQ        intelligence quotient

   i.q.      idem quod (the same as)

   Iquique   Chile

9.19 IR...
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   IR        infrared, Inland Revenue

   Ir        iridium (no point)

   Ir.       Irish

   IRA       Irish Republican Army

   irade     (Turk.), a written decree signed by the Sultan himself

   Iran/     formerly Persia; -ian, -ic, abbr. Iran.

   Iraq/     formerly Turkish Mesopotamia, not Irak; adj. -i

   Irawadi   use Irrawaddy

   IRBM      intermediate range ballistic missile

   IRC       International Red Cross

   Ireland   abbr. Ire.

   Irena     Ireland personified

   irenicon  use ei-

   Irian Jaya
             Indon. for W. New Guinea

   iridescen/ce
             play of rainbow colours; -t, not irr-

   iridium   symbol Ir

   iris/     (anat., bot.), pl. -es

   Irish     abbr. Ir.

   Irishism  not Iricism

   Irkutsk   E. Siberia, not Irkoo-, Irkou-

   IRO       International Refugee Organization, Inland Revenue Office

   Iron      symbol Fe (ferrum)

   ironclad  (one word)

   Iron Curtain
             (two words, caps.)

   iron-mould
             (hyphen)

   iron ration
             (two words)

   Ironside/ sobriquet of Edmund II; -- (William Edmund, Baron), 1880-1959,
             British soldier; -s, Cromwell's troops in the Civil War

   iron/ware, -work
             (one word)

   Iroquois  American Indians

   Irrawaddy river in Burma, not Irawadi

   irreconcilable
             not -eable, -iable

   irredentist
             one who (re)claims regions for his country on grounds of
             language, esp. (cap.) Italian

   irrefragable
             unanswerable, not -ible

   irreg.    irregular, -ly

   irreparable
             not -pairable

   irreplaceable
             not -cable

   irresistibl/e, -y
             not -abl/e, -y

   irridescen/ce, -t
             use iri-

   Irtysh    river, cent. Asia

   Irvine    Strathclyde, "new town", 1966

9.20 IS...
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   IS        input secondary, Irish Society

   Is.       islands, isles

   Isa.      Isaiah

   Isaian    of the prophet Isaiah, not Isaiahian

   ISBN      International Standard Book Number

   ISC       Imperial Service College (Windsor), now combined with Haileybury

   -ise      see -ize

   IsЉre     river and d‚p., SE France

   Iseult    Tristram's lady-love, not the many variants (but Isolde in
             Wagner's opera)

   Isfahan   Iran, not Isp-

   ISI       International Statistical Institute, Iron and Steel Institute

   isl.      island, -s, isle, -s

   Islam     lit. "surrender (to God)", the Muslim religion. See also Muslim

   island/, -s
             abbr. I. or isl.; when with name to have cap., as Cape Verde
             Islands, Isle of Man. In Fr.  f. Њle

   Ўsland    Ice. for Iceland

   Island    (Ger. and Dan. n.), Iceland; Isl„nder (Ger. m.), an Icelander

   Islay     Strathclyde, not Isla

   isle/     -s, abbr. I. or isl.

   Isle of/ Man
             abbr. I.o.M. or IOM; -- Wight, abbr. IOW, I.o.W., or IW

   Isleworth London

   ism       the suffix used as generic noun

   ISM       Imperial Service Medal; Incorporated Society of Musicians

   Ismaili   (member) of a Muslim sect

   isn't     is not, to be printed close up

   ISO       (Companion of the) Imperial Service Order, International
             Organization for Standardization

   isobar    (meteor.), not -are (not ital.)

   Isocrates 436-338 BC, Athenian orator

   isola     (It.), island

   Iso/ld, -lde, -lt, -lte, -ulde
             see Iseult

   isosceles (geom.), of a triangle, having two sides equal

   isotop/e  a form of an element differing from other forms in the mass of
             its atoms; adj. -ic

   isotron   a device for separating isotopes by accelerating ions

   isotrop/ic
             (phys.), having same properties in all directions; noun -y

   Ispahan   use Isfahan

   Israel/i  (noun and adj.), (a citizen) of the modern state of Israel, est.
             1948; -ite (noun), one of the Jewish people, adjs. -itic, -itish

   ISSN      International Standard Serial Number

   issue (second)
             (bibliog.), state resulting from sheets of same edition (q.v.)
             being bound up with new title-page and additional matter, or in
             a different order.  The original state of that edition is then
             called the first issue. See also impression

   Istanbul  Turkey, formerly Constantinople

   isth.     isthmus

   Isthmian games
             one of the four principal Panhellenic festivals

   I.Struct.E.
             Institution of Structural Engineers

9.21 It....
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   It.       Italian, Italy

   ITA       Independent Television Authority, now IBA

   i t a     (spaced l.c., no points), Initial Teaching Alphabet

   ital.     italic

   Italian   (typ.), same alphabet as Eng., omitting k, w, x, y (and j except
             in names). Some words take a grave accent (or acute, if the
             author prefers it) on the final vowel: with even full caps. a
             final apostrophe may be used.  For word-division and spacing,
             see Hart's Rules, p. 157. Abbr. It.

   italic    (typ.), a style of type, indicated in copy by a single
             underline. Use italic in English for foreign words and phrases
             not naturalized; for words or letters mentioned by name, as the
             letter a; for titles of books, very long poems, plays, films,
             operas, works of art, newspapers, and periodicals; and as a
             method of emphasizing or distinguishing.  There is no italic in
             German Fraktur type, Greek, or Bernard Shaw's plays, letters
             being interspaced instead. Abbr. ital.  See also botany,
             quotation marks, zoology, the many words and phrases in this
             dictionary where a preference for italic or roman is indicated,
             and a fuller treatment in Hart's Rules, pp. 23-8

   italice   (Lat.), in Italian

   italicize to print in italic type, not -ise

   italienne (… l')
             (Fr.), in Italian style (l.c. i)

   Italiot   of the ancient Greek colonies in S. Italy, not -ote

   Italy     abbr. It.; in Fr. f. Italie; in Ger. n. Italien; in It. Italia

   item      a separate thing

   item      (Lat.), also, likewise

   itemize   to give item by item, not -ise

   itin.     itinerary

   ITO       International Trade Organization

   its       poss. pronoun (no apos.)

   it's      it is; (typ.) no space before apos. See also punctuation VIII. 2

   ITU       International Telecommunication Union (UN)

   ITV       Independent Television

9.22 IU...
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   IU        international unit

   IUCD      intra-uterine contraceptive device

9.23 IV...
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   IV        intravenous, (roman numeral) four (no point); see also IIII

   Ivanovich (Ivan)
             nickname for a Russian, as in Eng. John Bull

   I've      I have, to be printed close up

   Iveagh (Earl of)


   ivied     clothed with ivy, not ivyed

   Iviza     use Ibiza

   Ivory Coast
             W. Africa, indep. 1960

   ivy       pl. ivies

   Ivybridge Devon (one word)

9.24 IW...
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   IW        Isle of Wight

   IWES      Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists

   Iwo Jima  island in N. Pacific, taken by US Marines, 1945

   IWW       Industrial Workers of the World (US)

9.25 IX
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   IX        (roman numeral), nine (no point)

9.26 Izaak...
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   Izaak     (not Isaac) Walton, q.v.

   -ize      use in preference to -ise as verbal ending where both spellings
             are in use. Use -ise in advertise, advise, apprise, arise,
             chastise, circumcise, comprise, compromise, demise, despise,
             devise, disfranchise, disguise, emprise, enfranchise,
             enterprise, excise, exercise, franchise, improvise, incise,
             merchandise, premise (verb), prise (open), promise, reprise,
             supervise, surmise, surprise, televise. Many examples are given
             in this book.  See also Hart's Rules, pp. 84-6

   I Zingari cricket club

   Izmir     Turk. for Smyrna

10.0 J
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10.1 J...
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   J         (phys.), joule, Joule's mechanical equivalent of heat; it is not
             used in the numeration of series

   J.        jack (at cards), judge, judex (judge), (after judge's name)
             Justice, (Ger.) Jahr (year)

   j         (med. prescriptions), one; (math.)  square root of minus one

10.2 JA...
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   JA        Judge Advocate

   Jabalpur  Madhya Pradesh, India, not now Jubbulpore

   jabot     ornamental frill on woman's bodice or (hist.) man's shirt-front

   Jac.      Jacobus (James)

   jacana    small tropical wading bird, not ja‡-, jass-

   jacconet  use jaco-

   jackanapes
             (noun, sing.), a pert fellow (one word)

   Jack and Jill
             not Gill

   jackaroo  (Austral. slang), a newcomer (usu. from England), not -eroo

   jackass   a male ass, a stupid person

   jackboot  (one word)

   jacket/, -ed, -ing


   jack-in-the-box
             (hyphens)

   Jack Ketch
             the hangman, not -- Ca-, -- Ki-

   jack of all trades
             (four words)

   Jack Russell
             see Russell

   Jackson (Andrew)
             1767-1845, US President 1829-37; -- (Thomas Jonathan,
             "Stonewall"), 1824-63, Confederate general at the first battle
             of Bull Run, 1861

   Jacob/ean of the reign of James I of England; of St James the Less.  See
             also Jacobian

   Jacobi (Karl Gustav Jakob)
             1804-51, German mathematican, hence (in math.) Jacobian. See
             also Jacobean

   Jacobin   a French Dominican monk; a member of a French revolutionary
             society which met, 1793-9, in a former Jacobin convent; jacobin,
             a hooded pigeon; not -ine

   Jacobite  an adherent of James II of England after his abdication in 1688,
             or of his line

   Jacobus   Lat. for James; abbr. Jac.

   jacobus   a gold coin of James I

   jaconet   a medium cotton cloth, not jacc-

   Jacquard (Joseph Marie)
             1752-1834, French weaver; hence -- loom

   Jacquerie the French peasant revolt of 1358

   Jacques Bonhomme
             good fellow James, popular name for French peasant

   jacta est alea
             (Lat.), the die is cast

   jactation boasting

   jactitation
             (law), false pretence of marriage; (path.) restless tossing of
             the body

   j'adoube  (Fr.), "I adjust", said by a chess-player touching, but not
             moving, a man

   Jaeger    propr. term for woollen clothing material from which vegetable
             fibres are excluded (cap.)

   jaeger    see J„ger

   JAG       Judge Advocate General

   J„ger     (Ger. m), huntsman, rifleman; Anglicized as jaeger, not yager

   jag/gernaut, -anath
             use juggernaut

   jaghire   Indian land tenure, not -gheer, geer, -gir

   Jahr/     (Ger. n.), year, pl. -e, abbr.  J. (not J„-); -buch (n.),
             year-book, abbr. Jb.; -esbericht (m.), annual report; -gang
             (m.), year's issues etc., abbr. Jg. (caps.)

   j„hrlich  (Ger. adj.), annual

   Jahveh    use Yahveh, q.v.

   jai alai  (Sp.), game like pelota

   jail/, -er
             use gaol/, -er

   Jaipur    Rajasthan, India. See also Jeypore

   Jakarta   Indonesia, not Dakarta

   Jakob     Ger. for Jacob, James

   Jakutsk   Siberia, use Yakutsk

   Jalalabad Afghanistan and Uttar Pradesh, India, not Jela-

   Jalandhar use Jullundur

   jalopy    a dilapidated motor car, not -ppy

   jalousie  external window shutter

   jam/      to pack tightly; -med, -ming.  See also jamb

   Jamaica   indep. 1962; abbr. Jam.

   jamb      a side post, as of a door. See also jam

   jambon/   (Fr. cook. m.), a ham; -neau, small ham

   jamboree  rally of Scouts

   James     abbr. Jas.

   Jamesone (George)
             1588-1644, Scottish painter

   Jameson/ Raid
             S. Africa, 1895-6, from Sir Leander Starr --, 1853-1917, S. Afr.
             statesman

   James's Day (St)
             25 July (caps., apos.)

   Jamieson (John)
             1759-1838, Scottish lexicographer. See also James-

   jam satis (Lat.), enough by this time

   Jan.      January

   Janeite   an ardent admirer of Jane Austen's writings

   Jane's    year-books on aircraft, ships, etc. (apos.)

   janizary  Turkish soldier, not -issary

   Jan Mayen Arctic island (Norwegian)

   Jansen/ (Cornelius)
             1585-1638, RC Bishop of Ypres; -ist, one who believes, with
             Jansen, that the natural human will is perverse

   Janssen (Cornelius)
             1590-1665, Dutch painter; -- (Johannes), 1829-91, German
             historian; -- (Pierre Jules C‚sar), 1824-1907, French astronomer

   Janssens (Abraham)
             1569-1631, Dutch painter

   January   abbr. Jan.

   Janus     Roman god of doors

   janvier   (Fr. m.), January; abbr.  janv. (not cap.)

   Jap/      (colloq., usu. derog.), a Japanese; pl. -s (no point)

   Jap.      Japan/, -ese

   Japan     abbr. Jap.; native name Nippon

   japan/    to lacquer with a hard varnish; -ned, -ner, -ning

   Japanese/ (typ.) printed in characters numbering several thousand,
             alternating with signs for some fifty syllables (each of which
             has two different signs), which are phonetically transcribed
             into the Latin alphabet according to various systems, of which
             the Hepburn system is the best known; abbr. Jap.; -- paper,
             handmade (usu. in Japan), used for proofs of etchings and
             engravings

   Japheth   third son of Noah, not -et

   Jaques    in Shakespeare's As You Like It

   jar/      -red, -ring

   Jardin/ d'Acclimatation, -- des Plantes
             Paris, bot. and zool.  gardens

   jardiniЉre
             (Fr. f), ornamental flower-pot

   jargonelle
             a pear, not -el (not ital.)

   jarl      old Norse or Danish chieftain, not y-

   J„rnfelt (Edvard Armas)
             1869-1958, Finnish composer

   Jaroslav  Russ., use Yaroslavl; Pol., use Jaroslaw

   jarrah    Australian mahogany gum-tree

   jarvey/   hackney-coachman, driver of Irish car, not -vie, -vy; pl. -s

   Jarvie (Bailie Nicol)
             in Scott's Rob Roy

   Jas.      James

   jasmine   (bot.), not -in, jessamine, -in

   jasp‚     mottled, veined, of materials and floor-coverings (not ital.)

   jassana   use jacana

   Jaunpur   Uttar Pradesh, India

   JaurЉs (Jean L‚on)
             1859-1914, French socialist

   Jav.      Javanese

   Javelle water
             a bleach or disinfectant, not -el, -elle's

   jaw-bone  (hyphen)

   jawohl    (Ger.), yes (one word)

   jay-walk/, -er
             (hyphens)

10.3 Jb.
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   Jb.       (Ger.), Jahrbuch (year-book)

10.4 JC...
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   JC        Jesus Christ, Julius Caesar, Justice Clerk

   J.-C.     (Fr.), J‚sus-Christ (hyphen)

   JCR       Junior Common Room, (Camb.) -- Combination Room

10.5 JD
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   JD        Junior Deacon, -- Dean, Jurum Doctor (Doctor of Laws)

10.6 je...
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   je        (Fr.), I (cap. only at beginning of sentence)

   Jeaffreson (John Cordy)
             1831-1901, English historical writer

   Jeanne d'Arc
             (Fr.), Joan of Arc

   Jean Paul pseudonym of J. P. F.  Richter, q.v.

   Jedda     Saudi Arabia, not Jidda, -ah

   jee/-ho, -up
             use gee-

   Jeejeebhoy (Sir Jamsetjee)
             1783-1859, Indian philanthropist

   Jefferies (Richard)
             1848-87, English naturalist

   Jefferson (Thomas)
             1743-1826, third President of US

   Jefferys (Thomas)
             fl. 1732-71, English cartographer

   Jeffrey (Francis, Lord)
             1773-1850, Scottish jurist and literary critic

   Jeffreys (George, Baron)
             1648-89, the infamous judge

   jehad     use jihad

   Jehlam    use Jhelum

   Jehovah   traditional form of Yahveh, q.v.

   jejune    meagre, insipid (not ital.)

   Jekyll (Dr.) and Mr. Hyde (Strange Case of)
             by R. L. Stevenson, 1886

   Jelalabad, Jellalabad
             use Jala-

   jellaba   Arab's hooded cloak, not dj-

   jellify   to convert into jelly, not -yfy

   jelly baby
             (two words)

   jellyfish (one word)

   Jemappes  (battle of), Belgium, French victory over Austrians, 1792, not
             Jemm-

   jemimas   elastic-sided boots (not cap.)

   je ne sais/ quoi
             (Fr.), an indescribable something; -- -- -- trop, I don't
             exactly know

   Jenghis Khan
             use G-

   Jenisesi  use Yeniseisk; Jenissei, use Yenisei

   Jenkins's Ear
             incident which precipitated war with Spain, 1739

   jennet    a Spanish horse, not genit, gennet, -tt. See also genet

   jeopardize
             to endanger, not -ise

   Jephthah  judge of Israel; Jephtha, oratorio about him by Handel, 1752

   jequirity Indian shrub with ornamental and medicinal seeds, not -erity

   Jer.      Jeremiah

   jerbil    use ger-

   jeremiad  a lamentation, not -de

   Jerez     Spain, not Xeres

   jerfalcon use gyr-

   jeroboam  winebottle containing 10-12 quarts

   J‚r“me Bonaparte
             1784-1860, brother of Napoleon I

   jerry/-builder
             builder of unsubstantial houses (hyphen); -building, -built

   jerrymander
             use ge-

   jersey    a knitted fabric, a garment of same (not cap.)

   Jervaulx Abbey
             N. Yorks.

   Jes.      Jesus

   Jespersen (Jens Otto Harry)
             1860-1943, Danish philologist, not -son

   jessamin/, -e
             use jasmine

   Jesse     father of David (OT)

   Jesuits (Order of)
             Societas Jesu (Society of Jesus); abbr. SJ

   Jesus     abbr. Jes.; in voc. (arch.)  Jesu

   jet-black (hyphen)

   jet/ engine, -- lag
             (two words)

   jet-propelled
             (hyphen)

   jet propulsion
             (two words)

   jetsam    (naut.), goods thrown overboard, not -som, -some, -son

   jettison  (naut.), the act of throwing goods overboard

   jeu/      (Fr. m.), game, pl. -x; -- de mots, play upon words; -- de
             paume, real tennis(-court); Mus‚e du Jeu de Paume (caps.),
             Paris, exhib. of impressionist paintings; -- d'esprit, a witty
             trifle

   jeune fille
             (Fr. f.), a girl

   jeune/ premier
             (Fr.), a stage lover; fem. -- premiЉre

   jeunesse dor‚e
             (Fr. f.), gilded youth

   Jewel (John)
             1522-71, English bishop

   jewel/, -led, -ler, -lery


   Jew's harp
             small lyre-shaped instrument played against the teeth

   Jeypore   Orissa, India. See also Jaipur

10.7 Jg.
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   Jg.       (Ger.), Jahrgang (year's issues etc.)

10.8 Jhelum...
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   Jhelum    Pakistan, not Jehlam

   Jhind     India, use Jind

   JHS       use IHS

10.9 jib...
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   jib       of horse, also a sail, not jibb

   jibbah    Muslim man's long coat, not dj-

   jibber    to chatter, use g-

   jibe      see gibe, gybe

   Jibuti    formerly French Territory of Afars and Issas, not Djibouti

   JIC       Joint Industrial Council

   Jidda     use Jedda

   jiffy     a short time, not -ey

   jigger    W. Indian parasite, use chigoe

   jigot     use gigot

   jigsaw/   (one word); -- puzzle (two words)

   jihad     a holy war (Muslim), not je-

   jillaroo  (Austral. slang), a female station-hand, not -eroo

   jilliflower
             use gilly-

   jimcrack  use g-

   JЎmenez (Juan Ramўn)
             1881-1958, Spanish poet

   Jind      town and former state, India, not Jh-

   Jingis Khan
             use Ge-

   jingo/    in declaration, by --!; a fanatical patriot, pl. -es; -ism,
             -istic

   jinnee    a spirit in Muslim myth., not djinn, ginn; pl. jinn, often used
             as sing. See also genie

   jinricksha
             use rickshaw

   jiu-jitsu use ju-jitsu

10.10 JJ.
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   JJ.       Justices

10.11 Jno....
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   Jno.      John, but use only in exact reprints of documents etc.

   jnr.      junior, use jun.

10.12 JO...
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   JO        Journal Official

   joannes   use johan-

   jobbing work
             (typ.), minor pieces of printing

   job lot   (two words)

   jobmaster livery-stable keeper (one word)

   "Jock o' Hazeldean"
             mainly by Sir W. Scott

   jock-strap
             (hyphen)

   jodel     use y-

   Jodhpur   Rajasthan, India

   jodhpurs  long riding-breeches

   johannes  a gold coin of John V of Portugal, not joa-

   Johannesburg
             S. Africa

   Johannine of the apostle John, not Johannean

   Johannisberg
             Hesse, W. Germany

   Johannisberger
             Rhine wine, not -berg (not ital.)

   John      abbr. J. See also Jno.

   John Dory a fish, not ---ey; also dory

   Johnian   (member) of St John's College, Cambridge

   johnny    fellow, man (not cap.)

   Johnny Crapaud
             nickname for a Frenchman

   John-o'-Groat's House
             Highland

   Johns Hopkins University
             Baltimore, Md., US, not John -- -- (no apos.)

   Johnson (Lyndon Baines)
             1908-73, President of US 1963-9; -- (Samuel), 1709-84, English
             prose-writer and lexicographer. See also Jonson

   Johnsonese
             a stilted style, not Jon-

   John the Baptist
             (caps.)

   Johore    see Malaya (Federation of)

   joie de vivre
             (Fr.), joy of living (no hyphens)

   joint/ capital, -- stock
             etc.  (hyphen when attrib.)

   Jokjakarta
             Indonesia

   jole      use jowl

   jolie laide
             (Fr. f.), fascinatingly ugly woman

   Jon.      Jonathan

   Jonah (Book of)
             not to be abbr.

   jonquil   a narcissus (not ital.)

   Jonson (Benjamin--"Ben")
             1572-1637, English playwright. See also Johnson

   Joppa     anc. name of Jaffa, Israel

   Jordaens (Jakob)
             1593-1678, Dutch painter

   Jordan/   a united kingdom from 1950; adj. -ian

   Jorrocks' Jaunts
             by R. S. Surtees, 1831-4

   Jos.      Joseph

   Josephine (the Empress)
             Marie JosЉphe-Rose Tascher de la Pagerie, widow of Visc.
             Beauharnais, m.  Napoleon I 1796, divorced 1809

   Josh.     Joshua (OT)

   jostl/e   to push; -er, -ing

   jot/, -ted, -ting


   joule     (phys.), SI unit of energy, abbr. J

   jour.     journal, journey

   jour/     (Fr. m.), day, abbr. jr.; -- de f€te, a festival; -- de l'an,
             New Year's Day; -- des morts, All Souls' Day, 2 Nov.; -- gras,
             flesh-day; -- maigre, fish-day

   journal   abbr. jour.

   journ/al  (Fr. m.) pl. -aux, newspaper; journal intime, a private diary

   Journal Officiel
             the French and EEC equivalents of London Gazette, abbr. JO

   journey   abbr. jour.

   journeyman
             (typ.), a compositor, printer, or bookbinder who has completed
             his apprenticeship

   joust     knightly combat, not just

   jowl      the jaw, not jole

10.13 JP
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   JP        Justice of the Peace

10.14 JR...
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   JR        Jacobus Rex (King James)

   jr.       junior, use jun.

   jr.       (Fr.), jour (day)

10.15 jt....
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   jt.       joint

   JTC       Junior Training Corps (in schools)

10.16 Juan...
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   Juan      Sp. for John

   Jubbulpore
             use now Jabalpur

   Jubilate Deo
             Ps. 100 as canticle

   jud.      judicial

   Judaean   of Judaea, not Judean

   Judaeo-   Jew(ish), not -deo-

   Judaize   to make Jewish, not -ise

   Judg.     Judges (OT)

   Judge/    abbr. J.; -- Advocate/ (no hyphen), abbr. JA; -- -- General (no
             hyphen), abbr. JAG (caps.)

   judgement but judgment in legal works

   Judges    (OT), abbr. Judg.

   judicial  abbr. jud.

   Judith    (Apocr.), not to be abbr.

   judo/     modern form of ju-jitsu; -ist

   jug/      -ged, -ging, -ful

   juge/ de paix
             (Fr. m.), justice of the peace; -- d'instruction, examining
             magistrate

   Jugendstil
             Ger. name of art nouveau (ital., cap.)

   juggernaut
             (cap). incarnation of Vishnu, carried on huge wheeled vehicle
             under which devotees were said to sacrifice themselves; (not
             cap.) large heavy vehicle, not a-

   Jugoslavia
             use Yugoslavia

   jugular vein
             (in the neck)

   juillet   (Fr. m.), July (not cap.)

   juin      (Fr. m.), June (not cap.)

   ju-jitsu  Japanese wrestling, not jiu-. See also judo

   juke-box  (hyphen)

   julep     a medicated drink; (US) drink of spirits, sugar, ice, and mint,
             not -ap, -eb

   Julian/   "the Apostate" Roman emperor, 331-63; -- Alps, Italy-Yugoslavia

   Julien (Saint-)
             a claret (hyphen)

   julienne  (Fr. f.), a clear soup containing vegetables in strips, also a
             pear

   juliet cap
             (two words, not cap.)

   Jullundur India, not Jalandhar

   July      not to be abbr.

   jumble sale
             (two words)

   jumbo/    big person or thing; pl. -s; -- jet (two words)

   jumelles  (Fr. f. pl.), opera-glasses

   Jun.      Junius

   jun.      junior

   junction  abbr. junc.

   June      not to be abbr.

   Juneau    Alas., US

   Jung (Carl Gustav)
             1875-1961, Swiss psychiatrist

   junior    abbr. jun., not jnr., jr., junr.; J. Smith, jun., Esq., not
             Esq., jun.

   Junker    (Ger. m.), a young squire or noble (cap.)

   junket/, -ed, -ing


   junk-shop (hyphen)

   junr.     junior, use Jun.

   junta     political clique, a council in Spain or Italy

   Junto     the Whig chiefs in reigns of William and Anne

   jupe      (Fr. dress. f.), jupon (m.), a skirt or petticoat

   Jurassic  (adj.), a geol. period (cap., not ital.)

   jure/ divino
             (Lat.), by divine right; -- humano, by human law

   jurisp.   jurisprudence

   Juris utriusque Doctor
             (Lat.), Doctor of both civil and canon law; abbr. JUD

   jury-box  (hyphen)

   jury/man, -woman
             (one word)

   jus       (Fr. cook. m.), gravy

   jus       (Lat.), law; -- canonicum, canon law; -- civile, civil --; --
             divinum, divine --; -- gentium, law of nations; -- gladii, the
             right of the sword

   jusjurandum
             (Lat.), an oath; pl.  jurajuranda

   jus/ mariti
             (Lat.), right of husband to wife's property; -- naturae, law of
             nature; -- primae noctis, droit de seigneur; -- relictae, right
             of the widow

   Jussieu (Adrien de)
             1797-1853, and his father, -- (Antoine Laurent de), 1748-1836,
             French botanists

   Just.     Justinian

   just      a knightly combat, use joust

   juste milieu
             (Fr. m.), the golden mean

   Justice   a judge; abbr. J., pl. JJ.

   Justice Clerk (Lord)
             second highest Scottish judge (caps.); abbr. JC

   Justice General (Lord)
             highest Scottish judge (caps.)

   Justice of the Peace
             abbr. JP

   justiciar/, -y
             a judge, not -er, -itiar (not ital.)

   Justiciary (High Court of)
             supreme Scottish criminal court

   justify   (typ.), to put equal spaces between the words in a line of type;
             to adjust types of differing (or the same) founts etc. so that
             they range

   Justinian 483-565, Roman Emperor of the East, codified Roman law; abbr.
             Just.

   Just/itiar
             use -iciar

   jut/, -ted, -ting


   Juvenal   (in Lat., Decimus Junius Juvenalis), c.60-140, Roman poet, abbr.
             Juv.

   juvenescen/ce, -t
             (process of) passing from infancy to youth

   juvenilia (pl.), works produced in one's youth (not ital.)

10.17 j'y suis, j'y reste
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   j'y suis, j'y reste
             (Fr.), here I am, here I stay

11.0 K
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11.1 K...
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   K         kalium (potassium), Kelvin (temperature scale), kelvin (unit of
             temperature), (chess) king (no point); (comp.) unit of
             core-memory size, = 1,024 (often taken as 1,000) words; the
             tenth in a series

   K.        (assaying) carat, king(s), King('s), K”chel (Mozart thematic
             catalogue no.)

   k         (as prefix), kilo-

   k.        (meteor.), cumulus

   k         (phys.), Boltzmann constant K2, the second highest mountain in
             the world, in Karakoram Mts.

11.2 Kaaba...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Kaaba     the most sacred shrine at Mecca, in Arab. al-Ka'bah; not Caaba

   kaan      use khan

   kabbala   use c-

   Kabul     Afghan., not C-

   kadi      use cadi

   Kaffir    S. African Bantu, not Caffre

   Kaffraria S. Africa

   Kafir     native of Kafiristan, cent.  Asia, not Caffre

   Kafka/ (Franz)
             1883-1924, Austrian poet and novelist; adj. -esque

   kaftan, kagoule
             use c-

   kail      see kale

   kaiman    use cay-

   Kainozoic use C-

   Kaisar-i-Hind
             (Anglo-Ind.) (the Caesar of India), former Indian title of
             English monarch; not Q-, -er-; -- medal, abbr. K.i.H. or KIH

   Kaiser    (Ger. m.), emperor (cap., not ital.)

   kakemono  (Jap.), a wall-picture

   kal.      kalendae

   kale/     the cabbage genus; -yard, a cabbage garden, kail-yaird only in
             strict Scots

   kaleidoscop/e, -ic
             (an optical toy) producing a changing variety of colours and
             shapes

   kalendae  (Lat.), the calends (first day of the month), not c-; abbr.
             kal.

   kalend/ar, -er, -s
             use c-

   Kalevala  national epic of Finland, not -wala

   kali/f, -ph
             use caliph

   Kalimantan
             Indon. name for part of Borneo

   Kaliningrad
             USSR, formerly K”nigsberg

   kalium    (Lat.), potassium; symbol K

   kalmia (bot.)
             American evergreen shrub, not c-

   Kalmuck   member or language of a Mongolian people, not -muk, C-

   kamarband use cummerbund

   Kamboja   use Cambodia

   Kamchatka E. Siberia, not Kams-, -mtchatka, -mtschatka

   Kamerad   (Ger.), comrade (word used by soldier surrendering)

   Kamerun   use Cameroon

   kamikaze  suicide pilot

   Kampuchea see Cambodia

   kamsin    use kh-

   Kan.      Kansas (off. abbr.)

   kanaka    a South Sea Islander; esp.  an indentured labourer, not canaker

   Kanar/a   district of W. India, not C-; adj. -ese

   kanaster  a tobacco, use c-

   Kanchenjunga
             mt. in Himalayas, not Kinchin-

   Kandahar  Afghan., not C-

   Kandy     Sri Lanka

   Kannada   Kanarese language

   Kanpur    Uttar Pradesh, India, correct modern form of Cawnpore

   Kans/as   off. abbr. Kan. or (postal) KS; adj. -an

   Kant (Immanuel)
             1724-1804, German philosopher

   KANU      Kenya African National Union

   kaolin    a fine white clay

   Kap.      (Ger.), Kapitel (chapter)

   kapellmeister
             director of orchestra or choir (not cap., not ital.)

   Kapurthala
             E. Punjab, India

   kaput     (slang), broken, ruined (not ital.), from Ger. kaputt

   Karachi   Pakistan, not Kurrachee

   Karafuto  use Sakhalin

   Karaite   a member of Jewish sect which interprets scriptures literally

   Karajan (Herbert von)
             1908-89, Austrian conductor

   Karakoram Mts.
             Kashmir, not -um

   karakul   (fur of) Asian sheep, not c-, -cul

   karat     use carat

   karate    the Japanese art of unarmed combat; karateka, an expert in this

   kari      use karri

   Karl-Marx-Stadt
             E. Germany, formerly Chemnitz (hyphens)

   Karlovingian
             use Carolingian

   Karlsbad  Czechoslovakia, use trad.  Eng. Carlsbad or mod. Czech Karlovy
             Vary

   Karls/krona
             (Sweden), -ruhe (W.  Germany), etc., not C-

   karma     (Budd.), destiny (not ital.)

   Karnatic  use C-

   K„rnten   Ger. for Carinthia, Austria

   karoo     high pastoral plateau in S.  Africa, not karr-

   Karpathian Mts.
             use C-

   karri     Australian blue gum-tree, not kari. See also kauri

   karroo    use karoo

   Kartoum   use Khartoum

   kasbah    fortress or Arab quarter, not c-

   Kashmir   NW India, not Cashmer(e)

   Kassel    Germany, not C-

   Kathay    use C-

   Katherine see C-

   kathism/a section of Greek Psalter, pl. -ata, not ca-

   Kathmandu cap. of Nepal, not Katm-

   kathode   use c-

   kation    use c-

   Kattegat  (Dan.), Kattegatt (Swed.), the strait between Denmark and
             Sweden, not C-

   Kauffmann (Angelica)
             1741-1807, English painter

   Kaufman (George Simon)
             1889-1961, US playwright

   Kaunas    Lithuania, not Kovno

   kauri     N. Zealand coniferous tree, etc., not the many variants (not
             ital.). See also cowrie, karri

   Kavafis   use Cavafy

   kavass    Turkish armed attendant, not the many variants

   kayak/    Eskimo canoe, not the many variants; -er, -ing

   Kaye-Smith (Sheila)
             1889-1955, English novelist (hyphen)

   Kazakhstan
             a Soviet Socialist Republic; adj. Kazakh. See USSR

   Kazan     USSR, not Kas-

   Kazantzakis (Nikos)
             1885-1957, Greek writer

11.3 KB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KB        (chess), king's bishop (no points), King's Bench, Knight
             Bachelor, Knight of the Order of the Bath

   KBD       King's Bench Division

   KBE       Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire

   KBP       (chess), king's bishop's pawn (no points)

11.4 KC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KC        King's College, -- Counsel

   kc        kilocycle. See also kc/s

   KCB       Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath

   KCIE      Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire

   KCL       King's College, London

   KCMG      Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George

   kc/s      better kHz, q.v.

   KCSI      Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India

   KCVO      Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

11.5 KD
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KD        knocked down

11.6 KE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KE        kinetic energy

   Keats House
             Hampstead (no apos.)

   kebab     cubes of meat roasted on a skewer, not the many variants

   keblah    use kiblah

   Kedah     see Malaya (Federation of)

   kedgeree  (cook.), a dish of rice, fish, etc., not the many variants (not
             ital.)

   Kedron    see Kidron

   Keele     Staffs.; university 1962

   keelhaul  naval punishment (one word)

   keelson   use kelson

   keepsake  (one word)

   keep standing
             (typ.), keep type or film stored in page form after first
             printing for possible reprint; abbr. KS

   keeshond  Dutch breed of dog

   keffiyeh  Bedouin Arab head-dress, not the many variants

   Kelantan  see Malaya (Federation of)

   kell/eck, -ick
             (naut.), use killick

   Kellner/  (Ger.), fem. -in, waiter (cap.)

   Kellogg Pact
             Paris, 1928, fifteen leading nations renounced war

   Kelly's Directories


   Kelmscott Press
             1891-8, founded by W. Morris

   kelpie    a water-spirit, not -y

   kelson    (naut.), inboard keel, not keel-

   Kelt/     -ic, -icism, use C-

   kelter    use ki-

   kelvin    sci. unit of temperature; symbol K (no point). See also Thomson

   Kempis (Thomas …)
             1379-1471, German monk, reputed author of Imitatio Christi

   kendo     Japanese art of fencing with bamboo swords

   Kenia     use -ya

   Kenmare   Kerry

   Kenmore   Highland, Tayside

   kennel/, -led, -ling


   Kenney (James)
             1780-1849, Irish playwright

   kentle    use quintal

   Kents Bank
             Cumbria (no apos.)

   Kentucky  off abbr. Ky. or (postal) KY

   Kenwigs (Morleena)
             in Dickens's Nicholas Nickleby

   Kenya/    E. Africa, indep. 1963, not -ia; adj. -n

   Kenyatta (Jomo)
             1893-1978, Kenyan statesman

   kephalic  use c-

   kepi      (no accent, not ital.), Anglicized form of Fr. k‚pi, mil.  cap

   Kepler (Johann)
             1571-1630, German astronomer, not Kepp-

   keramic   etc., use c-

   kerb/, -stone
             (one word). See also curb

   Kerch     Crimea, not Kertch

   kerfuffle disorder, fuss, not cur-, ge-, kur-

   Kerguelen island
             Indian Ocean

   Kerkyra   mod. Gr. name of Corfu

   kermis    a fair or entertainment, not -ess, kirmess

   kerned    (typ.), said of a sort which has any part of the face projecting
             beyond the body

   kernel/   seed within a hard shell; -led, -ly

   kerosene  (US, Canada, Austral., and NZ), paraffin, not -ine

   kerseymere
             not cassimere. See also cashmere

   Kertch    use Kerch

   ketch     (naut.), a two-masted vessel

   Ketch (Jack)
             the hangman, not Ca-, Ki-

   kettledrum
             (one word)

   Keuper    (geol.), uppermost division of the Trias

   keV       kilo-electron-volt

   key       a wharf, use quay

   keyboard  (mus., etc.) (one word); (typ.), see hot metal; (comp.)  input
             of terminal, VDU, etc.

   key-bugle (hyphen)

   key/hole, -note
             (one word)

   Keynes (John Maynard, Baron)
             1883-1946, British economist

   key-ring  (hyphen)

   Keys (House of)
             Isle of Man (caps.); abbr. HK

   keystone  (one word)

   Key West  Florida, US (two words)

   keyword   (one word)

11.7 KG...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KG        Knight of the Order of the Garter, (Ger.)  Kommanditgesellschaft
             (limited partnership)

   kg.       kilogram(s) (but no point in scientific and technical work)

   KGB       USSR "Committee of State Security", 1953- . See also MGB

   Kgs. (1, 2)
             Kings, First, Second Book of (OT)

11.8 Khachaturyan (Aram Ilyich)...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Khachaturyan (Aram Ilyich)
             1903-78, Armenian composer

   Khaibar Oasis
             Saudi Arabia

   Khaiber Pass
             use Khyber

   khaki

   khal/eefate, -ifat
             use caliphate

   khalif/, -a
             use caliph

   khamsin   Egyptian hot wind, not ka-, -seen

   khan      Eastern inn in a town or village, not kaan. See also
             caravanserai

   kharaj    (Turk.), tax on Christians, not -ach, -age, caratch

   Khartoum  cap. of Sudan, not Ka-, -tum

   Khayy m (Omar)
             ?1050-1123, Persian poet

   Khediv/e  a viceroy of Egypt between 1867 and 1914; -a, his wife; -ate,
             his office; adj. -al

   khidmutgar
             (Ind.), a male waiter (not the many variants)

   Khmer/    language of SE Asia; Republic, name of Cambodia 1970-5; --
             Rouge, Cambodian communists

   Khrushchev (Nikita)
             1894-1970, Soviet politician

   Khyber Pass
             NW Frontier Province, Pakistan, not Khaiber

   kHz       kilohertz, 1,000 hertz (no point, cap. H)

11.9 kiak...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   kiak      use kayak

   kibbutz/  Israeli communal agricultural etc. settlement, pl.  -im; -nik, a
             member of it

   kibitz/   to look on at cards, to be meddlesome; -er, one who does this,
             not -bb-

   kiblah    the point to which Muslims turn in prayer, not ke-, qibla

   kickback  recoil, payment for favour (one word)

   kick-off  (noun, foot.) (hyphen)

   kickshaw  a trifle (one word)

   kiddie    (colloq.), young child, not -y

   kidmutgar use khid-

   kidnap/, -ped, -per, -ping
             not -aped etc.

   kidney bean
             (two words)

   Kidron    (or Ce-), Palestine, Ke- in NEB; Arabic, Wadi en Nar

   Kieff     Ukraine, use Kiev

   Kiev      cap. of Ukraine, not -eff

   K.i.H.    (or KIH), Kaisar-i-Hind medal

   kil.      kilderkin, liquid measure of 18 gallons

   Kilauea   volcano in Hawaii, not -aua

   Kilbracken (Baron)
             (Sir Arthur Godley, of the India Office), 1847-1932

   Kilimanjaro
             mt., E. Africa (one word, divide Kilima-njaro)

   kill      (typ.), to cancel a line etc.; to distribute composed type

   Killala   Mayo, also Bp. of

   Killaloe  Clare, also Bp. of

   Killaloo  Co. Londonderry

   Killea    Co. Donegal

   Killeagh  Co. Cork

   Killen    Highland

   Killianwala
             use Chilianwala

   killick   a stone used as anchor, not -ock, kelleck, -ick

   Killiecrankie
             Tayside

   Killin    Central

   Killylea  Co. Armagh

   Killyleagh
             Co. Down

   "Kilmansegg (Miss)"
             by T. Hood, 1828, not -eg

   kilo-     prefix meaning 1,000, abbr. k

   kilo/     shortened form of kilogram or kilometre (no point) pl. -s

   kilocycle abbr. kc, but use kHz for kc/s

   kilogram  SI unit of mass, not -me; abbr. kg. (but no point in scientific
             and technical work)

   kilometre/
             1,000 metres; abbr. km.  (but no point in scientific and
             technical work); -age number of kilometres

   kilowatt  1,000 watts; abbr. kW

   kilter    (US and dial.), good condition, not ke-

   Kimeridgian
             (geol., not -mm-), an Upper Jurassic clay found at Kimmeridge,
             Dorset (cap.)

   kimono/   (Jap.), kind of gown, pl. -s

   Kimric    Welsh, use Cym-

   kinaesthesia
             the sense of muscular effort, not kine-

   Kincardine(shire)
             former county of Scotland

   Kincardine O'Neil
             Grampian (three caps.)

   Kinchinjunga
             use Kanchen-

   kindergarten/
             a school for young children (not ital., not cap.); -er, its
             teacher

   kinesthesia
             use kinae-

   King/     abbr. K.; (chess, no point); (typ.) print as Edward VII, or the
             Seventh, not the VII; -- Charles's spaniel (two caps.)

   kingd.    kingdom

   kingmaker (one word)

   King-of-Arms
             not -at- (hyphens)

   kingpin   (one word)

   King's    abbr. K.

   Kings     First, Second Book of (OT), abbr. 1 Kgs., 2 Kgs.

   Kingsale (Baron).
             See also Kinsale

   King's Bench
             abbr. KB (apos.)

   Kingsbridge
             Devon, Som. (one word)

   King's/ College
             abbr. KC; -- Counsel, KC; -- County, Ireland, now Offaly; --
             Cross, London and Sydney (apos.)

   king-size(d)
             (hyphen)

   King's/ Langley
             Herts.; -- Lynn, Norfolk (apos.)

   Kings Norton
             Leics., -- -- (Baron) (no apos.)

   King's Printer
             see printer

   Kingsteignton
             Devon (one word)

   Kingston  Jamaica, New York, Ontario

   Kingstone Hereford & Worc., Som., Staffs., S. Yorks.

   Kingston/ upon Hull
             Humberside; -- upon Thames, London (no hyphens)

   Kingstown Dublin, off. Dun Laoghaire

   Kingswinford
             W. Midlands (one word)

   Kington   Hereford & Worc.

   Kinloss (Baroness)


   Kinnoull (Earl of)


   Kinross (Baron)


   Kinross-shire
             former county of Scotland (hyphen)

   Kinsale   Co. Cork. See also Kingsale

   Kinshasa  cap. of Za‹re; formerly L‚opoldville

   kintle    use quintal

   Kintyre   Strathclyde, not Cantire

   Kioto     Japan, use Kyoto

   Kirchhoff (Gustav Robert)
             1824-87, German physicist

   Kirghizia a Soviet Socialist Republic; adj. Kirghiz. See also USSR

   Kiribati  W. Pacific, formerly Gilbert Is.; adj. same

   Kirkby in Ashfield
             Notts. (three words)

   Kirkbymoorside
             N. Yorks. (one word)

   Kirkcaldy File

   Kirkcudbright
             Dumfries Galloway

   Kirkpatrick (Ralph)
             1911-84, US harpsichordist, compiler of catalogue of Domenico
             Scarlatti's keyboard works

   kirmess   use kermis

   kirschwasser
             a cherry liqueur, not kirschen-

   Kishinev  cap. of Moldavia, USSR

   kist      use cist

   kitbag    (one word)

   kit-cat   a portrait 36 x 28 in., like those painted of members of the
             Kit-cat Club in the reign of James II

   Kitch     (Jack), use Ke-

   kitchen garden/, -er, -ing
             (two words)

   kitchen-maid
             (hyphen)

   kitmutgar use khid-

   kitsch    worthless pretentious art, not -itch

   Kit's Coty House
             Aylesford, Kent, a dolmen, not -- Coity --, -- Cotty --

   KitzbЃhel Austria

11.10 Kk....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Kk.       prefix to enumeration of D.  Scarlatti's works (see Kirkpatrick)

   KKK       Ku-Klux-Klan

   KKt       (chess) king's knight; KKtP, king's knight's pawn (no points)

   Klang     (Ger. m.), quality of musical sound

11.11 kleistogamic...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   kleistogam/ic, -ous
             use c-

   Klemperer (Otto)
             1885-1973, German conductor

   klepsydra use c-

   kleptomania
             irresistible tendency to theft, not c-

   klieg light
             arc light used in making motion pictures

   klinometer
             use c-

   Klischograph
             (typ.), propr. term for electronic photoengraving machine

   KLM       Royal Dutch Air Lines (Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij NV)

   Klondike  Yukon, Canada, not -yke

   Klopstock (Friedrich Gottlieb)
             1724-1803, German poet

11.12 km....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   km.       kilometre(s) (but no point in scientific and technical work)

   K.Mess.   King's Messenger

11.13 KN...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KN        (chess), king's knight (no points)

   kn.       knot, -s

   kneecap   the patella (one word)

   kneel/, -ed
             (or knelt), -ing

   Knesset   the Israeli Parliament

   knick-knack
             (hyphen), not nicknack

   knight    abbr. K., Knt., Kt., (chess) Kt or N (no point). See also KB,
             KBE, KCB, KCIE, KCMG, KCSI, KCVO, KG, KP, KT

   Knightbridge
             Cambridge professorship, not Knights-

   knight errant
             pl. knights errant (two words), but knight-errantry (hyphen)

   Knightsbridge
             London

   Knights/ Hospitallers
             charitable military brotherhood (otherwise -- of St. John, -- of
             Rhodes, -- of Malta), maintaining hospital for pilgrims in
             Jerusalem from middle of eleventh century

   knit/, -ted, -ting


   knitting/-machine, -needle
             (hyphens)

   knobby    knob-shaped

   knobkerrie
             (S. Africa ), short stick with knobbed head, not -kerry, -kiri;
             in Afrik. knopkierie

   knockabout
             (noun and adj., one word)

   knock/-down
             (adj.); -knee(d); -out (hyphens)

   Knole     Kent, Som.

   knopkierie
             use knobkerrie

   Knossos   Crete, not Cnossus

   knot/, -ted, -ting;
             as measure of speed, abbr. kn.

   know-how  (noun, hyphen)

   Knowl     W. Yorks.

   Knowle    Avon, Devon, Shropshire, Som., W. Midlands

   knowledgeable
             not -dgable

   KNP       (chess), king's knight's pawn (no points)

   knur/     a knot; -- and spell, a game, not -rr

   knurl     a small projection, not nurl

   Knut      use Cnut; see also Canute

   Knutsford Ches.

11.14 KO...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KO        or k.o., kick-off (foot.), knock-out (boxing)

   koala     Australian arboreal marsupial

   Koblenz   W. Germany, not C-, -ce

   Koch (Ludwig)
             1881-1974, German-born, English domiciled musician and recorder
             of bird-song; -- (Robert), 1843-1910, German bacteriologist

   K”chel (Ludwig von)
             1800-77, Austrian scientist and musicologist, cataloguer of
             Mozart's works; abbr. K.

   Kock (Charles Paul de)
             1794-1871, French novelist

   Kodaikanal Observatory
             Madras, India

   Kod ly (Zolt n)
             1882-1967, Hungarian composer

   koedoe    use koodoo

   Koestler (Arthur)
             1905-83, Hungarian-born British novelist

   koh-i-noor diamond
             not -nЈr, -n–r (hyphens)

   kohlrabi  a turnip-rooted vegetable of the cabbage family

   koine     lingua franca; Koine, that of Greeks c.300 BC-AD 500

   Kokoschka (Oskar)
             1886-1980, Austrian-born painter

   kola      use cola

   kolkhoz   collective farm in USSR

   K”ln      Ger. for Cologne

   Komintern use C-

   komitaji  use comitadji

   Komsomol  Soviet youth organization, not C-

   kongo     use congou

   K”niggr„tz
             Czechoslovakia, use Hradec Kr lov‚

   K”nigsberg
             now Kaliningrad, USSR (formerly E. Prussia)

   Konrad    see Conrad

   kontaki/on
             liturgical hymn in Eastern Church, pl. -a, not c-

   Konzert/meister
             (Ger. m.), leader of orchestra; -stЃck (n.), concert-piece

   koodoo    use kudu

   kookaburra
             the laughing jackass, an Australian bird

   Koords    use Kurds

   Kootenai  Idaho & Mont., US

   Kootenay  BC, Canada

   kopek     use copeck

   kopje     (S. Afr.), a small hill, in Afrik. koppie

   kopro-    use copro-

   Koran     Muslim sacred book, not Coran, Q'ran

   Korea/    indep. 1948, now divided into North and South Korea; adj.  -n,
             not C-

   Kortrijk  Fl. for Courtrai

   koruna    Czechoslovak unit of currency

   Kos       use Cos

   KOSB      King's Own Scottish Borderers

   Kosciusko (Thaddeus)
             1746-1817, Polish patriot

   kosher    (of food), prepared according to the Jewish law, not coshar,
             -er, koscher

   kotow     use kowtow

   Kotzebue (August Friedrich Ferdinand von)
             1761-1819, German playwright

   koumiss   preparation from mare's milk, not ku-

   kourie    use kauri

   Koussevitsky (Serge Alexandrovich)
             1874-1951, Russian conductor

   Kovno     Lithuania, use Kaunas

   kowrie    use kauri

   kowtow/   Chinese form of submission, to act obsequiously, not kot-; -ed,
             -ing

11.15 KP...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KP        (chess), king's pawn (no points), Knight of the Order of St
             Patrick

   k.p.h.    kilometres per hour

11.16 KR...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   KR        (chess), king's rook (no points), King's Regiment, Regulations

   Kr        krypton (no point)

   kr.       kreuzer, krona, krўna, krone

   kraal     (Afrik.), enclosure; native village

   Krafft-Ebing (Richard von, Baron)
             1840-1902, German psychiatrist

   Krakatoa (Mount)
             Straits of Sunda, not -au

   Krakow    Polish for Cracow

   krans     (Afrik.), cliff, not krantz

   Krapotkine (Prince)
             use Kropotkin

   kreese    use kris

   Krefeld   W. Germany, not C-

   Kreisler (Fritz)
             1875-1962, Austrian-born US violinist

   Kremer (Gerhard)
             see Mercator

   Kremlin (the)
             Moscow citadel, used for the Russian government

   kremlin   any Russian citadel (not cap.)

   kreosote  use creosote

   Kreutzer (Rodolphe)
             1766-1831, German-French violinist; "Kreutzer" Sonata (by
             Beethoven, 1803); The Kreutzer Sonata (by Tolstoy, 1889)

   kreuzer   Austrian and old German copper coin; abbr. kr.

   kriegspiel
             the war-game, in Ger. n.  Kriegsspiel

   krill     tiny plankton

   kris      Malay dagger, not creese, kreese

   kromesky  Russian dish of minced chicken fried in bacon; in Fr. m.
             cromesquis

   krone/    silver coin, Austrian (pl.  -n), Danish (pl. -r), Norwegian (pl.
             -r), Swedish (kron/a, pl.  -or), and Icelandic (krўn/a, pl.
             -ur), all abbr. kr.; Czechoslovak koruna

   Kronos    (Gr. myth.), not C-, -us

   Kroo      W. African Negro, not -ou, -u (not ital.)

   Kropotkin (Prince Peter Alexeivich)
             1842-1921, Russian geographer, revolutionist, and author, not
             Kra-, -ine

   KRP       (chess), king's rook's pawn (no points)

   Kru       use Kroo

   Kruger (Stephanus Johannes Paulus)
             1825-1904, S. Afr. statesman

   krugerrand
             S. Afr. gold coin (one word, not cap.)

   krummhorn not crumhorn

   krypton   chem. element, not c-; symbol Kr

11.17 KS...
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   KS        Kansas (off. postal abbr.); King's Scholar; (typ.) keep standing

   Kshatriya the warrior caste of the Hindus (cap., not ital.)

   K.St.J.   Knight of the Order of St John of Jerusalem

11.18 KT...
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   KT        Knight/ of the Order of the Thistle, -- Templar

   Kt        (chess), knight (no point)

   Kt.       Knight (Bachelor)

   Kt. Bach. Knight Bachelor

11.19 Ku...
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   Ku        kurchatovium (no point)

   Kuala Lumpur
             cap. of Malaysia

   Kublai Khan
             1214-94, first Mongol Emperor of China

   "Kubla Khan"
             poem by Coleridge, 1816

   Kuch Behar
             use Cooch

   kudos     (Gr.), renown (not ital.)

   kudu      a S. Afr. antelope, not koodoo; in Afrik. koedoe

   Kufic     of a form of Arabic writing, not C-

   Ku-Klux-Klan
             US secret society (not ital.); abbr. KKK

   kukri     (Ind.), a curved knife, not the many variants

   kulak     Russian peasant proprietor

   Kultur    (Ger. f.), culture

   Kulturkampf
             (Ger. m.), the war of culture (between Bismarck's government and
             the Catholic Church, c.1872-7)

   Kumasi    Ghana, not Coo-, -assie

   kumis(s)  use koumiss

   kЃmmel    a liqueur

   kummerbund
             use cummerbund

   kumquat   orange-like citrus fruit in S. China and Malaysia; small citrus
             fruit or tree in Australia, not c-

   kung fu   Chinese karate

   Kunstlied (Ger. n.), art-song

   Kuomintang
             the Chinese nationalist people's party, founded 1912

   kupfernickel
             (mineral.) (one f, not cap.)

   kupfferite
             (mineral.) (two fs)

   kurchatovium
             symbol Ku

   Kurds     of Kurdistan, not Koo-

   kurfuffle use ker-

   Kurile Is.
             NW Pacific

   Kurrachee use Karachi

   kursaal   a hall at a spa or resort

   Kursiv, Kursivschrift
             (Ger. typ. m., f.), italic type

   Kutch     India, not C-

   kutch     use c-

   Kutchuk-Kainardji
             treaty, 1774

   Kuwait/   Persian Gulf; adj. -i

   Kuyp      use C-

11.20 kV...
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   kV        kilovolt (no point)

   kVA       kilovolt-ampere (no point)

   kvass     (Russ.), rye-beer, not quass

11.21 kW...
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   kW        kilowatt (no point)

   kWh       kilowatt-hour

   KWIC      (indexing), keyword in context

   KWOC      (indexing), keyword out of context

11.22 KY...
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   KY        Kentucky (off. postal abbr.)

   Ky.       Kentucky (off. abbr.)

   Kyd (Thomas)
             1558-94, English playwright

   Kymric    Welsh, use C-

   Kyoto     Japan, not Ki-

   Kyrie eleison
             (eccl.), "Lord, have mercy"; abbr. Kyrie, not -- eleeson

   Kyrle (John)
             1637-1724, English philanthropist, "the Man of Ross"

12.0 L
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12.1 L...
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   L         fifty, learner (motor vehicle), the eleventh in a series

   L.        Lady, Lake, Latin, (theat.) left (from actor's point of view),
             (Lat.) liber (book), Liberal, licentiate, (biol.) Linnaeus,
             lir/a, -e, (Fr.) livre (book, pound), Loch, (Lat.) locus
             (place), London, Lough, prefix to enumeration of D. Scarlatti's
             works (see Longo)

   l.        or њ, pound, the form њ to be used and placed before figures, as
             њ50. If l. is used, it must be placed after, as 50l. њE,
             Egyptian pound (100 piastres); њm., (one) million pounds. See
             also decimal currency

   l.        (but no point in scientific and technical work), litre(s). When
             there may be confusion, the word should be spelt out in full

   l.        leaf, league, left, (Ger.) lies (read), (meteor.) lightning,
             line, link. See also l. or њ

   L         (elec.), symbol for inductance

   l         (mech.), symbol for length

12.2 LA...
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   LA        law agent, Legislative Assembly, Library Association, Local
             Authority, Los Angeles, Louisiana (off. postal abbr.)

   La        lanthanum (no point)

   La.       Lane, Louisiana (off. abbr.)

   la        (mus.), use lah

   laager    encampment, esp. in circle of wagons; in Afrik. laer. See also
             lager

   Lab.      Labour (party), Labrador

   lab       (no point) laboratory

   label/, -led, -ling


   labi/um   (anat.) a lip or liplike structure; pl. -a

   Labor Day (US), first Monday in Sept.

   lab/our, -orious


   Labour Day
             (UK and many other countries), 1 May

   Labourers Act
             (caps., no apos.)

   labourite supporter of Labour Party (not cap.)

   labour-market
             (hyphen)

   Labrador  abbr. Lab.

   labr/um   (Lat.), lip of a jug, etc.; pl. -a

   La BruyЉre (Jean de)
             1645-96, French writer and moralist

   labyrinth/
             structure with many confusing passages; adjs. -ian, -ic, -ine

   LAC       Leading Aircraftman, Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company,
             London Athletic Club

   lac       a resin. See also lakh

   Laccadive Islands
             off Madras west coast

   lace-up    (adj. and noun), (shoe) having laces (hyphen)

   lace/wing, -wood
             (one word)

   lace-work (hyphen)

   Lachaise (P‚re)
             Paris cemetery (two words, caps.)

   lѓche     (Fr.), lax, cowardly (ital.)

   laches    (law), negligence or unreasonable delay (not ital.)

   Lachesis  (Gr. myth.), the Fate that spins the thread of life

   lachrym/al
             of tears; -ation, -atory, -ose; not lacry-; lacri- is a correct
             form, now usual in scientific use

   lackadaisical
             listless

   lacker    use lacquer

   lackey    a footman, not -quey

   Lackland  sobriquet of King John

   Laconian  Spartan

   laconic   concise (not cap.)

   lacquer   a varnish, not lacker

   lacquey   use lackey

   lacrimal  etc., see lachry-

   La Crosse Wis., US

   lacrosse  a ball game

   Lacryma Christi
             a sweet red or white wine from Mt. Vesuvius area

   lacrymal  etc., use lachry-

   lacun/a   a missing portion, esp. in ancient MS; pl. -as or -ae (not
             ital.)

   LACW      Leading Aircraftwoman

   lacy      lacelike, not -ey

   laddie    young fellow, not -y

   Ladies (the)
             women's lavatory (cap., no apos.)

   Ladies'/ Gallery
             House of Commons; -- Mile, Hyde Park, London

   ladies' man
             (apos., two words)

   Ladikia   use Latakia

   Ladin     Engadine dialect

   Ladino/   Spanish dialect, non-Indian in Cent. Amer., pl. -s

   Ladismith Cape Province. See also Ladysmith

   Lady      abbr. L.

   Lady      (Our) (caps.)

   ladybird  (one word)

   Lady Day/ 25 Mar. (two words, caps.); -- -- in Harvest, 15 Aug.

   ladyf/y, -ied
             not -if-

   lady-in-waiting
             (hyphens)

   ladylike  (one word)

   Lady Margaret Hall
             Oxford, abbr.  LMH

   lady's maid
             pl. ladies' maids (no hyphen)

   Ladysmith Natal. See also Ladismith

   lady-smock
             cuckoo flower (hyphen)

   lady's slipper
             (apos.)

   laemergeier
             use lammergeyer

   laer      (Afrik.), use laager

   laesa majestas
             (Lat.), lЉse-majest‚

   Laetare Sunday
             fourth in Lent

   laevo-    prefix meaning left, not le-

   Lafayette/ (Marie Joseph, marquis de)
             1757-1834, French general, aided Americans in Revolution (one
             word); -- College, Easton, Pa.

   Laffitte (Jacques)
             1767-1844, French statesman

   Lafite (Chateau-)
             a claret (hyphen)

   Lafitte (Jean)
             1780-c.1826, buccaneer of unknown origin

   La Follette (Robert Marion)
             1855-1925, US politician

   La Fontaine (Jean de)
             1621-95, French writer

   LAFTA     Latin-American Free Trade Association

   lager     light beer. See also laager

   Lagerkvist (P„r)
             1891-1974, Swedish novelist

   Lagerl”f (Selma Ottilia Lovisa)
             1858-1940, Swedish novelist

   Lagrange (Joseph Louis, comte)
             1736-1813, French mathematician

   Lagting   Upper House of Norwegian Parliament

   La Guaira Venezuela, not -yra

   La Guardia/ (Fiorello Henry)
             1882-1947, Mayor of New York (one word, two caps.); -- Airport,
             New York, US

   LAH       Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, Dublin

   lah       (mus.), not la

   La Hague (Cape)
             NW France

   La Haye   Fr. for The Hague

   La Hogue  in Fr. La Hougue, a roadstead, NW France

   Lahore    Pakistan, not -or

   Laibach   Yugoslavia, Ger. for Ljubljana

   laicize   to secularize, not -ise

   laid paper
             that which when held to the light shows close-set parallel lines

   La‹s      a Greek courtesan and beauty of fourth century BC

   laissez/-aller
             (Fr.), absence of restraint; ---faire, letting people do as they
             think best, let well alone!; ---passer (m.), pass, permit (for
             persons and things); not laisser-

   Lake      cap. when with name, as Bala Lake, Lake Superior; abbr. L.

   Lakeland  the Lake District in Cumbria (one word)

   lakh/     (Anglo-Ind.), 100,000, not -ck, -c (not ital.); -- of rupees,
             pointing above one lakh is with a comma after the number of
             lakhs:  thus 25,87,000 is 25 lakhs 87 thousand rupees. See also
             crore

   Lalitpur  Uttar Pradesh, India, not Lalat-

   Lalla Rookh
             by Moore, 1817

   "L'Allegro"
             by Milton, 1632

   Lam.      Lamentations (OT)

   lama      Buddhist priest (cap. when part of title). See also llama

   Lamarck/ (Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de)
             1744-1829, French naturalist; adj.  -ian

   Lamarque (comte Maximilien)
             1770-1832, French general

   Lamartine (Alphonse Marie Louis de)
             1790-1869, French poet and statesman

   lamasery  a monastery of lamas

   Lambar‚n‚ Gabon, site of Albert Schweitzer's hospital

   lambaste  to beat, criticize, not -bast

   lambda    Gr. letter; (phys.) symbol for wavelength

   lamb's fry
             (cook.) (apos., two words)

   lambskin  (one word)

   lamb's-wool
             (apos., hyphen)

   LAMDA     London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art

   lam‚      (adj. and noun), (material) with inwoven gold or silver thread
             (not ital.)

   lamell/a  a thin plate; pl. -ae

   Lamentations (Book of)
             abbr. Lam.

   lamin/a   a thin plate; pl. -ae

   Lammas    1 Aug.

   lammergeyer
             the bearded vulture, not lae-, le-, -geier

   lampblack (one word)

   lamp-holder
             (hyphen)

   lamp/lighter, -post, -shade
             (one word)

   Lancashire
             abbr. Lancs.

   Lancaster (County
             or County palatine, of)

             formal name of Lancashire

   Lance-Bombardier
             abbr. L.Bdr. or L/Bdr.

   Lance-Corporal
             abbr. L/Cpl.

   lancewood a tough W. Indian wood (one word)

   Lancing College
             W. Sussex

   Lancs.    Lancashire

   Land      (Ger. n.), province of W.  Germany or Austria; pl. L„nder
             (ital., cap.)

   landau/   pl. -s; -let, a carriage (not ital.)

   landdrost (S. Afr.), a district magistrate (not ital.)

   landfall  (one word)

   landgrav/e
             a German count; fem.  -ine

   landgraviate
             a landgrave's territory, not -vate

   landholder
             (one word)

   l„ndler   Austrian dance

   land-locked
             (hyphen)

   land/lubber, -mark
             (one word)

   land-mine (hyphen)

   L. & N.W.R.
             London and North-Western Railway, became part of LMSR until
             nationalization

   Landor (Walter Savage)
             1775-1864, English poet and prose writer

   landowner (one word)

   landscape (typ.), book, page, or illustration of which the width is
             greater than the depth. See also portrait

   Land's End
             Cornwall

   landslide (one word)

   lands/man pl. -men

   L. & S.W.R.
             London and South-Western Railway, became part of SR until
             nationalization

   land-tax  (hyphen)

   L. & Y.R. Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, became part of LMSR until
             nationalization

   Lane      abbr. La.

   Lang      (Andrew), 1844-1912, Scottish man of letters; -- (Cosmo Gordon),
             1864-1945, Abp. of Canterbury

   lang.     language

   Langeberg Mountains
             S. Africa; in Afrik. Langeberge

   langouste (Fr. f.), a spiny lobster

   langsam   (Ger. mus.), slowly

   lang syne long ago (two words)

   language  abbr. lang.

   langue/ de chat
             (Fr. f.), finger-shaped biscuit or chocolate; -- d'oc, medieval
             French spoken south of the Loire; -- d'oil, ditto north of the
             Loire

   Languedoc former French province, between R. Loire and Pyrenees

   languor/  lassitude; -ous

   langur    Indian monkey

   laniard   use lany-

   Lankester (Sir Edwin Ray)
             1847-1929, English zoologist

   lanolin   fat in sheep's wool, not -ine

   Lansdown  Avon, Glos.; -- (battle of), 1643

   Lansdowne (Marquess of)


   Lansing   Mich., US

   lantern-slide
             (hyphen)

   lanthanum symbol La

   lanyard   short rope attached to something, not lani-

   Lao       people and language of SE Asia

   Laoco”n   Trojan priest, subject of a famous sculpture

   Laodicean lukewarm (of feelings)

   Laois     county of Ireland, formerly Leix

   Laos      independent 1949, formerly the kingdoms of Luang Prabang and
             Vientiane and the principality of Champassac (Fr. Indo-China);
             adj.  Laotian

   Lao-tzu   c.605-530 BC, founder of Taoism (hyphen)

   Lap.      Lapland. See also Lapp

   La Paz    Bolsvia

   lap-dog   (hyphen)

   lapel/    the lap-over of a coat, not -elle, lappelle; -led

   lapis lazuli
             a rich blue stone or its colour (two words, not ital.)

   Laplace (Pierre Simon, marquis de)
             1749-1827, French astronomer

   Lapland   abbr. Lap.

   Lapp      a native of Lapland, (adj. and noun) Lappish

   lappelle  use lapel

   lapsus/   (Lat.), a slip; -- calami, ditto of the pen; -- linguae, ditto
             tongue; -- memoriae, ditto memory; pl. same

   Laputa/   flying island in Swift's Gulliver's Travels; -n, visionary,
             absurd

   lar/      Roman household god; pl. -es; lares and penates, one's home

   lardon    bacon for larding, not -oon

   La Reyne/ le veult, -- -- s'avisera
             forms of Le Roy etc. when queen is reigning

   large crown (metric)
             see book sizes

   large-paper
             special copies of a book, with large margins, etc.; also termed
             ‚dition de luxe; abbr.  LP

   largess   a free gift, not -esse (not ital.)

   larghetto (mus.), fairly slow

   largo     (mus.), slow, broad

   lariat    rope for tethering animals, not -iette, larriet (not ital.)

   larkspur  (bot.) (one word)

   La Rochefoucauld (Fran‡ois, duc de)
             1613-80, French writer

   La Rochelle
             d‚p. Charente-Maritime, France

   Larousse/ (Pierre Athanase)
             1818-75, French lexicographer; --, French publishers of
             reference books

   larrikin  Australian street rowdy, not lari-

   larv/a    pl. -ae (not ital.)

   laryn/x   (anat.), pl. -ges; -geal, -gitis

   lasagne   (It. pl.), pasta in wide ribbons

   Lasalle (Antoine Chevalier Charles Louis, comte de)
             1775-1809, French general

   La Salle (Antoine de)
             c.1400-60, French soldier and poet; -- (St Jean Baptiste de),
             1651-1719, French founder of the order of Christian Brothers; --
             (Ren‚ Robert Cavelier), 1643-87, French explorer

   Lascar    E. Indian sailor (not ital.)

   Las Casas (Bartolom‚ de)
             1474-1566, Spanish missionary, "the apostle of the Indies"

   Las Cases (Emmanuel Augustin Dieudonn‚, comte de)
             1766-1842, friend of Napoleon I on St Helena

   Lascaux   SW France, site of palaeolithic cave-art

   laser     device using light amplification by stimulated emission of
             radiation (acronym).  See also maser

   lashkar   a body of Indian irregular troops (not ital.)

   Las Meninas
             by Vel zquez, not -i¤as

   La Spezia NW Italy, not -zzia

   Lassa     Tibet, use Lhasa; --, Nigeria, source of -- fever

   Lassalle (Ferdinand)
             1825-64, German Socialist (one word). See also Lasa-

   Lassell (William)
             1799-1880, English astronomer

   lassie    young girl, not -y

   lasso/    as noun, pl. -s; as verb, -ed, -es, -ing

   Lassus (Orlandus)
             1532-94, Belgian-born composer

   Last Supper (the)
             (caps.)

   Lat.      Latin; lat., latitude

   Latakia   Syria, not Ladi-, -ieh, -yah

   latchkey  (one word)

   lateish   use latish

   La TЉne ware
             (anc. pottery)

   Lateran/ (St John)
             church in Rome; -- Council, one of five held there

   latex/    rubber fluid, pl. -es

   lath      a thin strip of wood

   lathe     machine for turning

   lathi     heavy stick carried by Indian police

   Latin     abbr. L. or Lat.; (typ.)  alphabet same as English without w.
             Accents and ligatures falling into disuse; most scholars use i
             for j, many use lower-case u for v and cap. V for U. For use of
             caps. and word-division, see Hart's Rules, pp. 114-15

   Latin Cross
             artwork name=crx.

   latine    (Lat.), in Latin

   Latinity  the quality of one's Latin

   Latinize  to make Latin, not -ise

   latish    fairly late, not lateish

   latitude  abbr. lat.

   Latour (Chateau-)
             a claret (hyphen)

   La Trobe  university, Melbourne

   Latrobe   Pa., US, and Tas., Austral.

   latten    metal like brass (not ital.)

   latter    second of two. See also former

   Latter-day Saints
             Mormons' name for themselves

   Latvia    a Soviet Socialist Republic, see USSR; adj. Latvian or Lettish

   Latymer Upper School
             Hammersmith, London

   laudator temporis acti
             (Lat.), a praiser of past times

   laughing/-gas, -stock
             (hyphens)

   launderette
             not -drette

   laura/    (hist.), a group of hermits' cells; pl. -s

   laurel/, -led


   Laurence (Friar)
             in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. See also Law-

   Laurentian
             Mts. and (geol.) rocks, near the St Lawrence River, Canada

   laurustinus
             an evergreen, not laures-, lauris-

   Laus Deo  (Lat.), Praise (be) to God, abbr. LD

   lav       colloq. for lavatory (no point)

   Lavoisier (Antoine Laurent)
             1743-94, French chemist (one word)

   law       (typ.), practically no punctuation used in legal documents. Copy
             must be followed.  Spell out all figures; law/ agent, abbr. LA;
             ---binding, -- calf, -- sheep, binding in smooth pale brown
             calfskin or sheepskin, formerly much used for law books

   lawcourt  (one word)

   Law Courts (the)
             (caps., no hyphen)

   lawgiver  (one word)

   lawn tennis
             see tennis

   Lawrence (David Herbert)
             1885-1930, English novelist; -- (Sir Thomas), 1769-1830, English
             painter; -- (Thomas Edward), 1888-1935, English archaeologist
             and soldier, "Lawrence of Arabia", (from 1927) Aircraftman Shaw;
             -- (St), Canadian river. See also Lau-

   lawrencium
             symbol Lw

   Laws      abbr. LL

   law sheep see law

   law-stationer
             (hyphen)

   lawsuit   (one word)

   Laxness (Haldўr Kiljan)
             b. 1902, Icelandic writer

   lay       untilled land, use lea

   layabout  (one word)

   Layamon   fl. 1200, English priest

   lay brother
             (etc.) (two words)

   lay-by/   short "siding" on main road, pl. -s (hyphen)

   layette   complete outfit for a baby (not ital.)

   layout    (noun, one word)

   lazaretto/
             a place for quarantine (not ital.); pl. -s

   lazy/-bones, -tongs
             (hyphen)

   lazzaron/e
             one of a low class at Naples, not lazar-; pl. -i

12.3 lb....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   lb.       pound, pounds (weight) (not now in scientific use)

   l.b.      (cricket), leg-bye

   L.B. & S.C.R.
             London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, became part of SR
             until nationalization

   L.Bdr., L/Bdr.
             Lance-Bormbardier

   lbw.      (cricket), leg before wicket, not l.b.w.

12.4 LC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   LC        (theat.) left centre, Legislative Council, (US) Library of
             Congress, Lord Chamberlain, -- Chancellor, letter of credit

   l.c.      loco citato (in the place cited), (typ.) lower case, that is not
             caps. (without points as a proof-correction mark)

   LCB       Lord Chief Baron

   LCC       London County Council, -lor.  See GLC

   L.Ch.     Licentiate in Surgery

   LCJ       Lord Chief Justice

   LCM       or l.c.m. (math.), least common multiple; LCM, London College of
             Music

   LCP       Licentiate of the College of Preceptors

   L/Cpl.    Lance-Corporal

12.5 LD...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   LD        Lady Day, Laus Deo (praise be to God), Low Dutch

   Ld.       Lord

   Ldg.      (naval) Leading

   L.d'H.    Legion d'honneur

   Ldp.      Lordship

   LDS       Licentiate in Dental Surgery

   LDV       Local Defence Volunteers (later Home Guard)

12.6 њE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   њE        Egyptian pound(s)

   LEA       Local Education Authority

   lea       untilled land, not lay, lee.  See also ley

   lead      (typ.), a thin strip of metal less than type high, used to
             separate lines of type

   lead      (chem.), symbol Pb

   leaded/ matter, -- type
             having the lines separated by leads

   leader    see leading article

   leaders   (typ.), dots used singly or in groups to guide the eye across
             the page

   leading   (typ.), the action of placing leads between lines of type; the
             leads so placed

   leading article
             an article appearing in a newspaper as the expression of
             editorial opinion on any subject; also called leader

   lead pencil
             (two words)

   leaf      (typ.), single piece of paper, two pages back to back; abbr. l.,
             pl. ll.

   leaflet   (typ.), minor piece of printing, usu. 2, 4, or 6 pp.

   leaf-mould
             (hyphen)

   league    abbr. l.

   Leamington Spa
             War. See also Lem-, Lym-

   lean/, -ed
             or -t

   lean-to   (hyphen)

   leap/, -ed
             or -t

   leap-frog/
             a game (hyphen); also as verb, -ged, -ging

   leap year (two words)

   learn/, -ed
             or -t

   leasehold/, -er
             (one word)

   leatherette
             a strong machine-glazed paper, coloured and embossed to resemble
             binding-leather

   leaves    abbr. ll.

   Leban/on  independent 1943; adj.  -ese

   lebensraum
             (Ger. m.), territory for natural expansion

   Lebesgue/ (Henri L‚on)
             1875-1941, French mathematican; -- theory of integration (math.)

   Lebewohl! (Ger. n.), farewell!

   Lecocq (Alexandre Charles)
             1832-1918, French composer

   Leconte de Lisle (Charles Marie Ren‚)
             1818-94, French poet

   Le Corbusier
             pseud. of Charles ђdouard Jeanneret, 1887-1965, Swiss architect

   Lecouvreur (Adrienne)
             1692-1730, French actress; ital. when name of play (1849) by E.
             Scribe and E.  Legouv‚; Adriana Lecouvreur, opera by Cilea, 1902

   lect.     lecture

   lectern   church reading-desk, not -urn

   lecture/ship
             post of lecturer, but -rship at Oxford University

   LED       light-emitting diode

   lederhosen
             (Ger. f. pl.), leather shorts

   ledger    book of accounts; ---tackle, in fishing. See also leger line

   lee       untilled land, use lea

   Leeuwenhoek (Anton van)
             1632-1723, Dutch microscopist

   leeway    (one word)

   Le Fanu (Joseph Sheridan)
             1814-73, Irish writer

   left/     (theat., from actor's point of view), abbr. L.; -- centre, abbr.
             LC

   left/-hand, -handed
             adjs. (hyphens)

   left wing (hyphen as adj.), left-winger (hyphen)

   Leg.      legislat/ive, -ure

   leg.      legal, legit (he, or she, reads), legunt (they read, pres.
             tense)

   legalize  not -ise

   Le Gallienne (Richard)
             1866-1947, English author and journalist; -- (Eva), his
             daughter, b. 1899, US actress

   legato    (mus.), smooth

   leg-bye   (cricket), abbr. l.b.

   legenda   (Lat.), things to be read

   L‚ger (Alexis St-L‚ger)
             1887-1975, French poet, pseud. St John Perse

   legerdemain
             sleight of hand (not ital.)

   leger line
             (mus.), not led-

   leges     (Lat.), laws; abbr. ll.

   leggiero  (mus.), light, swift, delicate

   Legh      family name of Baron Newton.  See also Leigh

   Leghorn   former English name for Italian port Livorno;

   leghorn   a straw plait, a breed of domestic fowl

   L‚gion d'honneur (la)
             French order of merit

   legionnaire
             a member of a legion, a legionary (not ital.)

   legislat/ive, -ure
             abbr. Leg.

   Legislative Assembly
             abbr. LA (no points). See also Assemblies

   legit     (Lat.), he, or she, reads; abbr. leg.

   legitim/ate
             (verb), (law) to render (a child) legitimate; elsewhere use
             -ize, not -atize, -ise

   leg/-pull, -rest, -room
             (hyphens)

   legume    vegetable for food

   legunt    (Lat.), they read (pres.  tense); abbr. leg.

   Le Havre  d‚p. Seine-Maritime, France, not Havre

   Lehigh University
             Bethlehem, Pa.  (one word)

   lei       Polynesian garland. See also leu

   Leibniz (Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von)
             1646-1716, German mathematician and philosopher, not -itz

   Leicestershire
             abbr. Leics.

   Leicester:
             sig. of Bp. of Leicester (colon)

   Leiden    Netherlands. See also Leyden

   Leigh (Baron).
             See also Legh

   Leighton Buzzard
             Beds. (two words)

   Leipzig   E. Germany, abbr. Lpz. or Leip.

   leishmaniasis
             disease caused by parasite

   leitmoti/v, -f
             (mus.), theme associated with person, situation, or sentiment,
             not -ive (one word, not ital.)

   Leix      county of Ireland, formerly Queen's County, now Laois

   le juste milieu
             (Fr.), the golden mean. See also milieu

   L.E.L.    pseud. of Letitia Elizabeth Landon, 1802-38

   Lely (Sir Peter)
             1618-80 Dutch-English painter

   Lemberg   Ger. for Lvov

   Lemington Glos., Tyne & Wear. See also Lea-, Ly-

   lemm/a    a title or theme, proposition taken for granted, pl.  -as;
             heading of an annotation, pl.  -ata (not ital.)

   lemmergeyer
             use la-

   LempriЉre (John)
             1765-1824, English lexicographer

   Le Nain (Antoine)
             1588-1648, -- (Louis), 1593-1648, and -- (Mathieu), 1607-67,
             brothers, French painters

   Lenclos (Ninon de)
             1616-1706, a French beauty

   lending library
             (two words)

   length    abbr. l., (mech.) symbol l

   Lenin     assumed name of Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov, 1870-1924, Russian
             political leader

   Leningrad name for Petrograd, q.v., since 1924

   lenis     Greek smooth breathing

   Lennoxtown
             Strathclyde (one word)

   Lenox Library
             New York

   lens/     not lense; pl. -es

   Lent      from Ash Wednesday to Easter (cap.)

   lento     (mus.), slow

   Leonardo da Vinci
             1452-1519, Italian painter, sculptor, engineer

   Leoncavallo (Ruggiero)
             1857-1919, Italian composer

   Leonid/   a meteor; pl. -s (not ital.)

   L‚opoldville
             Za‹re, now Kinshasa

   Lepidoptera
             (zool.), butterflies and moths

   LEPRA     British Leprosy Relief Association

   leprechaun
             Irish sprite, not lepra-, -awn

   Le Queux (William Tufnell)
             1864-1927, English novelist and traveller

   Lermontov (Mikhail Yurevich)
             1814-41, Russian poet

   Le Roy/ le veult
             the royal assent to Bills in Parliament; -- -- s'avisera, ditto
             dissent

   lЉs       or lez (Fr. topog.), near (with names of towns)

   Le Sage (Alain Ren‚)
             1668-1747, French novelist and dramatist

   Lesbian   (inhab.) of Lesbos

   lesbian   a homosexual woman (not cap.)

   lЉse-majest‚
             (Fr. f.), treason (ital.); Anglicized as lese-majesty (not
             ital.)

   L. Љs/ L. Licenci‚ Љs lettres, Licentiate in (or of) Letters; -- -- S.,
             Licenci‚ Љs sciences, ditto Science

   Lesotho   S. Africa, indep. 1966, formerly Basutoland

   Lethe/    a river in Hades; adj. -an

   let-in    notes (typ.), those set inside the text-area (usu. in a
             smaller-size type), as distinct from side-notes

   Letraset  propr. term for system of lettering using transfers

   letter/, -ed, -ing


   letterhead
             (typ.), printed (heading on) stationery (one word)

   letterpress
             (typ.), printing from raised type and/or blocks; text as opposed
             to illustrations (one word)

   letterset (typ.), printing by letterpress on to a blanket and then
             offsetting on to the paper (one word)

   letters of distinction
             as FRS, LL D, etc., are usually put in large caps. Even s. caps.
             often improve general effect

   letterspacing
             (typ.), shown in copy by short vertical dashes between letters
             (one word)

   letters patent
             formal writing conferring patent or privilege (two words)

   Lettish   see Latvia

   lettre de/ cachet
             (Fr. f.), warrant for imprisonment, bearing the royal seal; --
             -- cr‚ance, -- -- cr‚dit, letter of credit; -- -- marque, letter
             of marque, q.v.; pl. lettres de

   lettuce   not -ice

   Letzeburgesch
             German dialect of Luxemburg

   leu       Romaniun monetary unit; pl. lei

   leucotomy a brain operation, not -k-

   leukaemia excess of white corpuscles in blood, not -c-, -ch-, -kemia

   Leuven    Fl. for Louvain

   Leuwenhoek
             use Leeuwenhoek

   Lev.      Leviticus

   lev/      pl. -a, Bulgarian monetary unit

   levant morocco
             (binding), a superior quality with prominent grain

   levee     an assembly (no accent, not ital.); US river embankment

   level/, -led, -ler, -ling


   lever de/ rideau
             (Fr. m.), opening piece at theatre, "curtain-raiser"; -- --
             s‚ance, closing of a meeting

   leviable  that may be levied

   Leviathan book by Hobbes, 1651

   leviathan sea-monster

   L‚vi-Strauss (Claude)
             b. 1908, French anthropologist

   Leviticus abbr. Lev.

   Levkosia  Gr. for Nicosia

   levo-     prefix, use laevo-

   Lewes     E. Sussex

   Lewes (Charles Lee)
             1740-1803, English actor; -- (George Henry), 1817-78, English
             philosopher and critic. See also Lewis

   Lewis     Western Isles

   Lewis (Sir George Cornewall
             not Cornw-), 1806-63, English statesman and man of letters; --
             (Cecil Day), 1904-72, Poet Laureate 1968-72; -- (Clive Staples),
             1898-1963, English writer; -- (Harry Sinclair), 1885-1951, US
             novelist; -- (Isaac Newton), 1858-1931, US soldier, inventor of
             -- gun; -- (Matthew Gregory, "Monk"), 1775-1818, English writer
             of romances.  See also Lewes, Wyndham Lewis

   lex       (Lat.), law; pl. leges

   lexicog.  lexicograph/er, -y, -ical

   lexicon/  dictionary, esp. of Greek, Hebrew, Arabic; pl. -s; abbr. lex.
             (not ital.)

   lex/ loci (Lat.), local custom; -- non Scripta, unwritten law; -- scripta,
             statute law; -- talionis, "an eye for an eye"; -- terrae, the
             law of the land

   ley       untilled land, use lea, but ley farming, grass-growing

   Leyden/   Netherlands, use Leiden, but -- jar (elec.)

   Leys      School, Camb.

   lez       see les

12.7 LF
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   LF        or l.f., low frequency

   Lfg.      (Ger.), Lieferung (q.v.)

12.8 LG...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   LG        (gunpowder, leather, wheat) large grain, Life Guards, Low German

   L.Ger.    Low German

   L.Gr.     Late Greek, Low Greek

   LGSM      Licentiate of the Guildhall School of Music

   LGU       Ladies' Golf Union

12.9 l.h....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   l.h.      left hand

   LHA       Lord High Admiral

   Lhasa     Tibet, not -ssa, Lassa

   LHC       Lord High Chancellor

   LHD       Literarum Humaniorum Doctor (literally doctor of the more humane
             letters)

   LHT       Lord High Treasurer

12.10 LI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   LI        Light Infantry, Long Island (US)

   Li        lithium (no point)

   Liadov (Anatol Konstantinovich)
             1855-1914, Russian composer

   liaise    (colloq.), to form a liaison, not -ase

   liaison   illicit amour; joining of words; (mil.) connection, touch (now
             also in general use)

   liana     tropical climbing plant, not -ne

   Liapunov (Sergei Mikhailovich)
             1859-1924, Russian composer

   Lib       colloq. abbr. of (Men's, Women's, etc.) Liberation (cap., no
             point)

   lib./     librarian, library; -- cat., library catalogue

   lib.      (Lat.), liber (a book)

   libel/, -led, -ler, -ling, -lous


   liber     (Lat.), a book; abbr. L. or lib.

   Liberal/  abbr. L.; -- Unionist (caps., no hyphen)

   liberalize
             not -ise

   Liberia   republic, W. Africa

   libid/o   sex drive, pl. -os; adj.  -inal

   libr/a    pound, pl. -ae; abbr. њ, l., lb. See also l. or њ

   librair/e (Fr. m.), bookseller; -ie (f.), bookseller's shop

   librar/ian, -y;
             abbr. lib.

   librett/o (It.), text of an opera, etc.; pl. -os, -i (not ital.); -ist,
             writer of this

   libris (ex-)
             see ex-libris

   libr/o    (It.), a book; pl. -i

   Libya     N. Africa, indep. 1951, formerly Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, and
             Fezzan (Italian)

   Libyan    of anc. N. Africa or mod.  Libya

   licence   (noun), a permit; (US -se)

   licens/e  (verb), to authorize; -ee, -er, -ing

   licensed victualler


   licentiate
             abbr. L.

   licet     (Lat.), legal; it is allowed

   lichee    use litchi

   lichen    epiphytic veg. growth

   Lichfield Staffs. See also Litch-

   Lichfield:
             sig. of Bp. of Lichfield (colon)

   lich-gate roofed gateway of churchyard, not lych-

   lichi     use litchi

   lickerish desirous, greedy. See also liquorice

   Lick Observatory
             California

   licorice  use liquor-

   Liddell (Henry George)
             1818-98, English lexicographer, father of the original of Alice
             in Wonderland

   lido/     open-air swimming-pool, pl.  -s

   Lie (Jonas Lauritz Edemil),
             1833-1908, Norwegian novelist; -- (Trygve Halvdan), 1896-1968,
             Sec.-Gen. of UN 1946-53

   Liebfraumilch
             a hock; in Ger.  Liebfrauenmilch

   Liebig/ (Justus, Baron von)
             1803-73, German chemist; --, a beef extract first prepared by
             him (cap.)

   Liechtenstein
             principality on Upper Rhine

   lied/     (Ger. n.), a song; pl. -er

   Lieder ohne Worte
             songs without words

   Lieferung (Ger. f.), a part of a work published in instalments, abbr. Lfg.

   LiЉge     Belgium,/ formerly Li‚-; in Fl. Luik; Liegeois/, fem. -e, an
             inhabitant of LiЉge.

   lieu (in) in place (of) (not ital.)

   Lieutenant/
             abbr. Lt. or Lieut.; ---Colonel, abbr. Lt.- or Lieut.-Col.;
             ---Commander, abbr. Lt.- or Lieut.-Com.; ---General, abbr. Lt.-
             or Lieut.-Gen.; ---Governor, abbr.  Lt.- or Lieut.-Gov.
             (hyphens)

   life/belt, -boat
             (one word)

   life cycle
             (two words)

   life/-guard, -jacket
             (hyphens)

   Life Guards
             regiment of household cavalry (two words); Life-guardsman
             (hyphen)

   life insurance
             is the general term.  See also assurance

   life/like, -line
             (one word)

   lifelong  lasting for life (one word). See also livelong

   life-size(d)
             (adj., hyphen)

   lifetime  (one word)

   ligature  (typ.), two or more letters joined together and forming one
             character or type. See also diphthongs, and Hart's Rules, pp.
             62-3

   light     (verb), past lit (preferred), partic. lit when predic. (the fire
             is lit), lighted when attrib. (a lighted match)

   light bulb
             (two words)

   lightening
             making less heavy

   lighthouse
             (one word)

   Light Infantry
             abbr. LI or Lt. Inf.

   lighting-up time
             (one hyphen)

   light meter
             (two words)

   lightning (meteor.), abbr. l.

   light-o'-love
             fickle woman (hyphens, apos.)

   lightship (one word)

   lightweight
             (one word)

   light-year
             (astr.), unit of distance (hyphen)

   ligneous  of wood, woody

   -like.    In formations intended as nonce-words, or not generally current,
             the hyphen should be used.  It may be omitted when the first
             element is of one syllable, but nouns in -l always require it,
             e.g.  eel-like

   likeable  not lika-

   likelihood
             not -lyhood

   Lilienthal (Otto)
             1849-96, German aviator

   Liliput   liliputian, use Lilli-, lilli-

   lillibullero
             a seventeenth-century song refrain, not the many variants (not
             ital.)

   Lilliput  country of the pygmies in Swift's Gulliver's Travels;
             lilliputian, diminutive (not cap.)

   lily      of the valley (no hyphens)

   limbo/    the borderland of Hell, a place of oblivion; pl. -s (not ital.)

   limbus/ fatuorum
             (Lat.), a fool's paradise; -- infantum, limbo of unbaptized
             children; -- patrum, limbo of pre-Christian good men

   lime/-juice, -kiln
             (hyphens)

   lime/light, -stone
             (one word)

   limes     (Lat.), Roman frontier (ital.)

   Limey     (derog.), an English immigrant in former British colonies; (US
             slang), a British sailor, an Englishman. See also limy

   Limited   abbr. Ltd.

   limy      limelike, sticky. See also Limey

   lin.      line/al, -ar

   linable   able to be covered on the inside, not linea-

   linage    the number of lines, payment by the line. See also lineage

   linament  use linea- or lini-

   linchpin  not ly- (one word)

   Linch's law
             use lynch

   Lincoln:  sig. of Bp. of Lincoln (colon)

   Lincoln Center
             New York, a nexus of theatres, opera-house, concert-hall, etc.

   Lincolnshire
             abbr. Lincs.

   Lindbergh (Charles Augustus)
             1902-74, US aviator

   Lindley (John)
             1799-1865, English botanist

   Lindsay (Earl of)
             family name Lindesay-Bethune; -- (Sir Coutts), 1824-1913,
             English artist; -- (Sir David), 1490-1555, Scottish poet; --
             (Nicholas Vachel), 1879-1931, US poet

   Lindsey (Earl of)
             family name Bertie

   line      abbr. l.; pl. ll.

   lineage   ancestry. See also linage

   line/al, -ar
             abbr. lin.

   lineament a feature, not lina-. See also liniment

   Linear/ A earlier of two forms of anc. Cretan writing; -- B, later form,
             found also on Gr. mainland (no hyphens)

   line block
             (typ.), letterpress (q.v.) block for lines and solids

   linen-draper
             (hyphen)

   linenfold carved scroll (one word)

   lingerie  linen articles collectively, women's underwear (not ital.)

   lingo/    (colloq.), a (foreign) language, pl. -s

   lingua franca
             an international language, esp. a mixture of It., Fr., Gr., and
             Span. used in the Levant (not ital.)

   liniment  an embrocation, not lina-.  See also lineament

   lining numerals
             (typ.), those that align at top and bottom, 1234567890

   lining paper
             (binding), that inside the cover

   link      7.92 in.; one-hundredth of a chain; abbr. l.

   Linn/aean abbr. Linn.; but -ean Society, London (off. spelling); abbr. LS

   Linnaeus (Carolus)
             1707-78, Swedish naturalist; in Sw. Carl von Linn‚; abbr. L. or
             Linn.

   Linnhe (Loch)
             Highland

   Linotype  firm formerly producing hot-metal composing machine casting each
             line of type as a continuous unit (abbr. Lino), now various
             computer-driven filmsetting systems not on the slug (q.v.)
             principle

   linsey-woolsey
             a thin coarse fabric of linen and wool; gibberish; not linsy-,
             -wolsey

   Linson    (bind.), strong paper used in place of bookcloth (propr. term)

   lintel/, -led


   liny      full of lines, not -ey

   Lion      (Gulf of the) or Lion Gulf, off Mediterranean Fr. coast; in Fr.
             golfe du Lion, not Lions, Lyon, Lyons

   Lionardo da Vinci
             use Le-

   lionize   not -ise

   Lippi (Fra Filippo
             or Lippo), c.1406-69, and -- (Filippino), c.1457-1504, his son,
             Italian painters

   lip/salve, -stick
             (one word)

   lip-service
             (hyphen)

   liq.      liquid, liquor lique/faction, -factive, -fiable, -fy, not liqui-

   liqueur/  a strong alcoholic liquor, sweetened and flavoured (not ital.);
             ---glass (hyphen)

   liquid    abbr. liq.

   liquidambar
             a genus of balsam-bearing trees, not -er (one word, not ital.)

   liquor/   abbr. liq.; -- on draught, not draft

   liquorice not licor-

   liquorish desirous, greedy, use licker-

   lir/a     unit of Italian currency; pl.  -e; abbr. L.

   lissom    supple, not -e

   Liszt (Abb‚ Franz)
             1811-86, Hungarian pianist and composer

   lit.      literal, -ly, literary, literature, litre, little

   Litchfield
             Hunts, also Conn., US; -- (Earl of). See also Lich-

   litchi    Chinese fruit (-tree), also grown in Bengal, not the many
             variants (not ital.)

   Lit.D.    Literarum Doctor (Doctor of Letters). See also D.Lit., D.Litt.,
             Litt.D.

   lite pendente
             (Lat.), during the trial liter/al, -ally, -ary, -ature; abbr.
             lit.

   literal (typ.)
             printing of wrong sort, of turn (q.v.), or of sort in battered
             state or wrong fount

   literalize
             etc., to render literal, not -ise

   litera (or littera) scripta manet
             (Lat.), the written word remains

   literat/i the learned as a class; sing. -us, not litt-

   literatim (Lat.), letter for letter

   Lith.     Lithuanian

   lithium   symbol Li

   lithography
             (typ.), planographic (q.v.) printing process from smooth plate,
             originally a stone; abbr.  litho (no point)

   Lithuania a Soviet Socialist Republic. See also USSR

   Lit. Hum. Literae Humaniores, Faculty (Classics and Philosophy) at Oxford

   litigious fond of going to law

   litmus-paper
             (hyphen)

   Litolff (Henri Charles)
             1818-91, French pianist, composer, music-publisher

   litotes   (rhet.), a form of meiosis (q.v.), esp. one using ironical
             negative, e.g. no mean feat

   litre/    abbr. l. (but no point in scientific and technical work) or
             lit., one-thousandth of a cubic metre, 1.76 pint; -age, number
             of litres

   Litt.B.   Literarum Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Letters)

   Litt.D.   Litterarum Doctor (Doctor of Letters, Camb. and TCD). See also
             D.Lit., D.Litt., Lit.D.

   littera   see litera

   litterateur
             a literary man (not ital.)

   litterati use lite-

   Little Englander
             (hist., two words, caps.)

   Littlehampton
             W. Sussex (one word)

   Littleton family name of Baron Hatherton; -- (Sir Thomas), ?1407-81,
             English jurist. See also Lyttelton

   littoral  a region by a coast

   Littr‚ (Maximilien Paul ђmile)
             1801-81, French lexicographer

   liturg.   liturg/ies, -ical, -y

   liv.      (Fr.), livre (m. book, f.  pound)

   liveable  not liva-

   livelong  intensive and emotional form of long. See also lifelong

   Liver/politan, -pudlian
             (inhab.) of Liverpool

   Liverpool:
             sig. of Bp. of Liverpool (colon)

   livestock (one word)

   Livingston
             Lothian, "new town", 1962

   Livingstone (David)
             1813-73, Scottish explorer and missionary

   Livorno   Italian seaport, formerly in Eng. Leghorn

   livraison (Fr. f.), a part of a work published in instalments

   livre     (Fr. m.), book; (f.) pound; abbr. L. or liv.

   Livy      (in Lat., Titus Livius), 59 BC-AD 17, Roman historian

12.11 LJ...
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   LJ        Lord Justice; L JJ, Lords Justices (thin space)

   Ljubljana Yugoslavia; in Ger.  Laibach

12.12 LL...
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   LL        late, law, or Low, Latin, Lord-Lieutenant, -s

   ll        in Spanish and Welsh, a separate letter, not to be divided

   ll.       leaves, lines, (Lat.) leges (laws)

   -ll       (words ending in), followed by -ful or -ly, usu. omit one l

   llama     S. American ruminant. See also lama

   Llandeilo Dyfed; -- Group (geol.)  (caps.)

   Llandrindod Wells
             Powys

   Llanelli  Dyfed (not now -y)

   llano/    S. American plain, pl. -s

   Llantwit Major
             S. Glamorgan, in Welsh Llanilltud Fawr

   LL B      Legum Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Laws) (no points, thin space)

   LL D      Legum Doctor (Doctor of Laws) (no points, thin space)

   LL M      Legum Magister (Master of Laws) (no points, thin space)

   Lloyd (Norddeutscher)
             the North-German Lloyd Steamship Co. (two words) abbr. NDL

   Lloyd's/  the association of underwriters, not -s'; -- marks, in --
             Register of Shipping, in order of merit, for wooden ships, Al,
             Al (in red), AE, and E; for iron or steel, 100 Al, 90 Al, 80 Al.
             See also Loyd

   Lloyds Bank, Ltd.
             (no apos.)

12.13 LM...
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   LM        Licentiate in Midwifery; (mus.)  long metre

   њm.       (one) million pounds

   l.M.      (Ger.), laufenden Monats (of the current month)

   lm        lumen(s) (no point)

   LMBC      Lady Margaret Boat Club (St John's College), Camb.

   LMD       long metre double

   LMH       Lady Margaret Hall (Oxford)

   LMR       London Midland Region

   LMS       London Missionary Society

   LMS(R)    London, Midland, & Scottish Railway (prior to nationalization)

   LMSSA     Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery, Society of Apothecaries

12.14 ln...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ln        natural logarithm (no point)

   LNER      London and North Eastern Railway (prior to nationalization)

12.15 LO...
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   LO        Liaison Officer

   loadstar  use lodestar

   loadstone magnetic oxide of iron, not lode- (one word)

   load-water-line
             (hyphens); abbr. LWL

   Loanda    Angola, not St Paul de --, but use now Luanda

   loath     averse, not loth

   loathe    to hate

   loathsome not loth-

   LOB       Location of Offices Bureau

   Lobachevski (Nikolai Ivanovich)
             1793-1856, Russian mathematician

   "Lobgesang"
             Mendelssohn's "Hymn of Praise", 1840

   lobscouse a sailor's dish

   lobworm   (one word)

   locale    scene of operations (erron.  form, but well established)

   localize  not -ise

   loc. cit. loco citato (in the place cited) (not ital.)

   loch      Scottish lake, not -ck; capital when with name, abbr. L.

   Lochalsh  Highland

   lochan    small Scottish lake

   Loch Awe  Strathclyde

   Lochearnhead
             Central (one word)

   Lochgilphead
             Strathclyde

   Loch Leven
             Highland, Tayside

   Lochnagar mountain in Grampian (one word)

   Lock/e (John)
             1632-1704, English philosopher; adj. -ian, not -ean

   lockjaw   (one word)

   lock-out  employers' refusal of work; pl. lock-outs (hyphen)

   locksmith (one word)

   lock-up   (noun or adj., hyphen); -- (typ.), exertion of pressure to hold
             various elements in the forme together

   loco/     locomotive, pl. -s (no point)

   loco/     (Lat.), in the place; -- citato, ditto cited, abbr. l.c. or loc.
             cit. (not ital.); -- laudato, ditto cited with approval, abbr.
             loc. laud.; -- sigilli, ditto of the seal, abbr. LS; -- supra
             citato, ditto cited above, abbr.  l.s.c. (not ital.)

   Locofoco  (US), extreme section of Democratic Party, 1835

   locum/-tenency
             (hyphen); -- tenens, a substitute, pl. -- tenentes (not ital.)

   loc/us    (Lat.), a written passage, a curve, pl. -i; locus/ citatus, the
             passage quoted; -- classicus, an authoritative passage from a
             standard book, pl. loci classici; -- communis, a commonplace; --
             delicti, the place of a crime; -- in quo, the place in which; --
             poenitentiae, a place of repentance; -- sigilli, the place of
             the seal, abbr. LS; -- standi, recognized position, (law) right
             to appear

   LOD       Little Oxford Dictionary

   lodestar  star steered by, not load-

   lodestone use load-

   lodg/e, -eable, -ement, -ing


   lodging-house
             (hyphen)

   Loeb (James)
             1867-1933, US banker, founder of the -- Library of classical
             authors

   loess     (geol.), deposit of fine yellowish loam in certain valleys, not
             lo‰ss, l”ss

   L. of C.  line of communication

   Lofoten Islands
             Norway, not -den, -ffoden

   log       logarithm (no point)

   log.      logic

   logan-stone
             a rocking-stone, not loggan-, logging-

   logarithm abbr. log; -- (natural), to base e, abbr. ln

   log-book  (hyphen)

   loge      (Fr. f.), theatre stall (ital.)

   loggia/   (It.), a gallery; pl. -s

   logi/on   a saying of Christ not in the Gospels; pl. -a (not ital.)

   logo/     (colloq.), a device used as printed badge etc. of organization,
             pl. -s (no point)

   logotype  (typ.), several letters, or a word, cast as a single sort

   log-roll/, -er, -ing
             (to give, one who gives) mutual aid among politicians or
             reviewers (hyphen)

   logwood   (one word)

   Lohengrin German hero; (ital.)  opera by Wagner, 1850

   Loir, Loire, Loiret
             French rivers

   lollipop/ a sweetmeat, not lolly-; -- man (colloq.), traffic-controller

   Lombroso (Cesare)
             1836-1909, Italian criminologist

   Lom‚      Togo

   Londin:   sig. of Bp. of London (colon)

   London/   abbr. L. or Lond.; -- Apprentice, hamlet in Cornwall; -- County
             Council/, -lor, abbr. LCC (no points). See also GLC

   long.     longitude

   longboat  (one word)

   long-bodied
             (typ. adj.), denoting metal sorts whose body is cast a point or
             more longer than the size of letter upon them normally takes,
             producing the effect of leading, q.v.

   longbow   (one word)

   long-distance
             (adj., hyphen)

   longe     use lu-

   long/eval long-lived, not -aeval; -evity

   Longfellow (Henry Wadsworth
             not Words-), 1807-82, US poet

   longhand  (one word)

   Long Island
             US; abbr. LI

   longitude abbr. long.

   long jump (two words)

   Longleat House
             Wilts.

   Longman Group Ltd.
             publishers

   Long Mynd (The)
             Shropshire; Longmynd Group (geol.) (caps.)

   Longo (Alessandro)
             1864-1945, compiler of edition of Domenico Scarlatti's keyboard
             works

   longo intervallo
             (Lat.), at a long interval

   long page (typ.), one having a line or lines more than its companion pages

   long primer
             (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 10 pt.; pron.
             primmer

   Longridge Lancs.

   Longshanks
             sobriquet of Edward I

   Longships islands and lighthouse off Cornwall

   long-shore
             (adj., hyphen), not 'long-; long-shoreman

   long ton  2,240 lb., abbr. l.t.

   Longton   Lancs., Staffs.

   Longtown  Cumbria, Hereford & Worc.

   longueur  tedious passage in book, play, film, usu. pl. (ital.)

   long/ways, -wise
             (one word)

   looking-glass
             (hyphen)

   look-out/ pl. -s (hyphen)

   loophole  (one word)

   loosestrife
             (bot.) (one word)

   Lope de Vega
             see Vega Carpio

   loping    with long strides, not lope-

   lopsided  (one word)

   loquitur  (Lat.), he, or she, speaks; abbr. loq.

   Lorca (Federico GarcЎa)
             1899-1936, Spanish poet

   Lord      (with name), may be substituted for Marquess, Earl, or Viscount,
             and is more often used than Baron

   Lord      abbr. Ld.

   Lord/ Chamberlain, -- Chancellor
             abbr. LC; -- Chief Baron, abbr.  LCB; -- Chief Justice, abbr.
             LCJ; -- Justice, abbr. LJ, pl. L JJ (thin space); ---Lieutenant,
             pl.  Lord-Lieutenants (hyphen), abbr.  LL; -- Mayor (two
             words,caps.); -- of hosts, -- of lords, as Deity (one cap.); --
             President of the Council, abbr. LPC; -- Privy Seal, abbr. LPS;
             -- Provost, abbr. LP

   Lord's Cricket Ground
             London (apos.)

   Lord's Day
             (caps.)

   Lordship  abbr. Ldp.

   Lord's/ Prayer, -- Supper, -- Table
             (caps.)

   Lorelei   siren of the Rhine, not -ey, Lurlei

   Lorenzo   see Louren‡o

   Loreto    Colombia, Italy, Mexico, Peru

   Loretto   Anglicized version of the It. Loreto; also Scottish school

   lorgnette opera-glass, or pair of eye-glasses with long handle

   loris     small lemur, not lori, lory

   Lorrain (Claude)
             (n‚ Gel‚e), 1600-82, French painter, not -aine

   Lorraine  see Alsace-Lorraine

   lory      one of the parrots. See also loris

   losable   not -eable

   Los Angeles
             Calif., US

   l”ss      (geol.), use loess

   Lot-et-Garonne
             d‚p. France

   loth/     -some, use loath(-)

   Lothario/ "the gay", in Nicholas Rowe's The Fair Penitent, 1703; pl.  -s

   Lothian   region of Scotland

   Loti (Pierre)
             pseud. of Julien Viaud, 1850-1923, French writer

   lotus/    Egyptian and Asian water lily; pl. -es

   lotus-eater
             not lotos-; but "The Lotos-Eaters" by Tennyson

   louche    (Fr.), disreputable (ital.)

   loudspeaker
             (one word)

   lough     Irish lake, capital when with name, abbr. L.

   Louisiana off. abbr. La. or (postal) LA, not Lou.

   Louis-Philippe
             1773-1850, French king

   Louis/-Quatorze
             reign 1643-1715; -- Quinze, 1715-74; -- Seize, 1774-93;
             --Treize, 1610-43 (Louis XIV, XV, XVI, XIII), art styles
             (hyphens)

   loung/e, -ing


   lounge/ bar, -- suit
             (two words)

   lour      to frown, not lower Louren‡o Marques, Mozambique, now Maputo;
             not Lorenzo --, -ez

   Louvain   Belgium, in Fl. Leuven

   louvre    shutter, ventilator, not -er

   lovable   not -eable

   love/-affair, -bird, -hate
             (relationship), -letter (hyphens)

   love/lock, -lorn, -sick
             (one word)

   Love's Labour's Lost
             by Shakespeare, 1598 (two apos.)

   love/-song, -story
             (hyphens)

   Low Church
             (hyphen when attrib.)  Low-Churchman (hyphen, caps.)

   low-down  (adj.) mean, (noun, colloq.) the basic facts (hyphen)

   lower     to frown, use lour

   Lower California
             (caps.)

   lower case
             (typ.), the case containing the small letters, hence the small
             letters a-z; abbr. l.c.  (no points as proof-correction mark)

   Low (Sampson), Marston, & Co.
             publishers

   Low Sunday
             first after Easter (caps.)

   low water (two words)

   low-water mark
             (one hyphen); abbr.  LWM

   Loyd (Sam)
             1841-1911, US chess-player. See also Lloyd/, -s, -'s

12.16 LP...
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   LP        large paper, long-playing record, Lord Provost, low pressure
             (also l.p.), (paper) large post

   LPC       Lord President of the Council

   LPG       liquefied petroleum gas

   L-plate   learner-driver's sign (hyphen)

   LPO       London Philharmonic Orchestra

   L'pool    Liverpool

   LPS       Lord Privy Seal

   Lpz.      (Ger.), Leipzig

12.17 lr....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   lr.       lower

   LRAD      Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Dancing

   LRAM      Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music

   LRCP      Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians

   LRCS      Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons

   LRCVS     licentiate of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons

   LRSC      Licentiate of the Royal Society of Chemistry

12.18 LS...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   LS        Leading Seaman, Linnean Society, loco or locus sigilli, (in) the
             place of the seal

   l.s.      left side

   LSA       Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries

   l.s.c.    loco supra citato (in the place cited above)

   LSD       the hallucinatory drug d-lysergic acid diethylamide, librae,
             solidi, denarii (pounds, shillings, and pence, also њ.s.d.),
             Lightermen, Stevedores, and Dockers

   LSE       London School of Economics and Political Science

   LSI       (comp.), large-scale integration

   LSO       London Symphony Orchestra

   L. (&) S.W.R.
             London and South Western Railway (became part of SR until
             nationalization)

12.19 Lt....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Lt.       Lieutenant

   l.t.      long toll, low tension

   LTA       Lawn Tennis Association, London Teachers' Association

   L.T. & S.R.
             London, Tilbury, and Southend Railway (became part of LMS until
             nationalization)

   LTCL      Licentiate of Trinity College of Music, London

   Lt.-Col.  Lieutenant-Colonel

   Lt.-Com.  Lieutenant-Commander

   Ltd.      Limited

   LTE       London Transport Executive

   Lt.-Gen.  Lieutenant-General

   Lt.-Gov.  Lieutenant-Governor

   L.Th.     Licentiate in Theology (Durham)

   Lt. Inf.  Light Infantry

   LTM       Licentiate in Tropical Medicine

12.20 Lu...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Lu        lutetiom (no point)

   Luanda    Angola, not now Loanda

   Luang Prabang
             Laos

   LЃbeck    W. Germany, not Loe-

   Lubumbashi
             Za‹re, formerly Elisabethville

   Lucan     of St Luke, not Luk-; (in Lat., Marcus Annaeus Lucanus), 39-65,
             Roman poet

   lucarne   a dormer window

   Lucerne   Switzerland, in Ger. Luzern

   lucerne   a plant, not -ern

   Lucian    2nd c., Greek writer

   Lucknow   Uttar Pradesh, India

   lucus a non lucendo
             (Lat.), approx.  inconsequent or illogical

   LUE       (theat.), left upper entrance

   Luebeck   use LЃbeck

   Luftwaffe German air force

   Luggnagg  island in Swift's Gulliver's Travels

   lug/hole, -sail, -worm
             (one word)

   Luik      Fl. for LiЉge

   Luke (St) (NT), not to be abbreviated; adj. Lucan, not Luk-

   lukewarm/, -ness
             tepid(ity) (one word)

   Lulsgate Airport
             Bristol

   lumbar    (anat.), of the loins

   lumber    to move clumsily; unused furniture, etc.

   lum/en    (anat.), a cavity, pl. -ina; lumen/ (phys.), the unit of
             luminous flux, pl. -s, abbr. lm

   lumpenproletariat
             the lowest elements of the proletariat, term orig. used by Karl
             Marx (one word, not cap.)

   lunation  time from one new moon to next, about 29 1/2 days

   lunge     long rope for exercising horses, not lo-

   lunging   not longeing

   lupin     a garden plant, not -e

   lupine    (adj.), of a wolf

   Lurlei    not Lorelei

   Lusiads (The)
             by Camoens, 1572

   Lusitania Portugal

   lustr/um  a five-year period; pl. -a

   lusus naturae
             (Lat.), a freak of nature; pl. same

   lutenist  a lute-player, not -anist

   lutetium  not -tec-, symbol Lu

   Luth.     Lutheran

   Lutine bell
             bell rung at Lloyd's, once to announce the loss, twice for the
             arrival, of a vessel overdue

   lux       (phys.), unit of illuminance, abbr. lx

   Luxembourg
             Gardens and Palace, Paris

   Luxemburg prov. of Belgium; also Grand Duchy of --; in Fr. -ourg

   Luxemburg (Rosa)
             1870-1919, German socialist

   Luzern    Ger. for Lucerne

12.21 LV...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   LV        luncheon voucher

   Lvov      USSR, in Ger. Lemberg, in Pol.  Lwўw

12.22 Lw...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Lw        lawrencium (no point)

   LWL       load-water-line

   LWM       low-water mark

   Lwўw      see Lvov

12.23 lx...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   lx        lux (no point)

   LXX       the Septuagint, seventy

12.24 Lyadov...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Lya/dov, -punov
             use Lia-

   lyc‚e     (Fr. m.), higher secondary school

   Lyceum (the)
             Aristotle's school of philosophy; lyceum/, a college of literary
             studies, pl. -s

   lychee    use litchi

   lych-gate use lich-

   lyddite   an explosive (two ds)

   lying-in  childbed (hyphen)

   lyke-wake night-watch over dead body

   Lyly (John)
             ?1554-1606, English author. See also Euphues

   Lymington Hants. See also Lea-, Le-

   lynch law not -'s, Linch's (two words)

   lynchpin  use li-

   lynx/     animal of cat-tribe; pl. -es

   Lyon King-of-Arms
             chief Scottish herald

   Lyonnais (Cr‚dit)
             French banking corporation

   Lyons     in Fr. Lyon. See also Lion

   lysin     (chem.), lysing substance

   lysine    (chem.), an amino acid

   Lyte (Henry Francis)
             1793-1847, English hymn-writer

   Lytham St Annes
             Lancs. (no apos.)

   Lyttelton family name of Viscounts Chandos and Cobham (see also
             Littleton); -- (Humphrey Richard Adeane), b. 1921, English jazz
             musician

   Lytton    see Bulwer-Lytton

13.0 M
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



13.1 M...
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   M         1,000; (chem.) molar; motorway; (as prefix) mega-; the twelfth
             in a series

   M.        Majesty, Marqu/ess, -is, Member, metronome, middle, militia, (in
             Peerage) minor, Monday, (Fr.) main (hand), middle (a thousand),
             monsieur, (It.) mano (hand), mezz/o, -a (half), (Lat.) magister
             (master), medicinae (of medicine)

   m         metre(s) (in scientific and technical work), (as prefix) milli-

   m.        male, married, masculine, merid/ian, -ional, metre, -s, mile,
             -s, mill, million (q.v.), minute, -s, (meteor.) mist, month, -s,
             moon, (Lat.) meridies (noon)

   m         (chem.) meta-, (mech.) mass, (Fr.) mois (month)

   M         minim (drop) (See Figure 2 in topic FRONT_4)

13.2 MA...
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   MA        Magister Artium (Master of Arts), Massachusetts (off. postal
             abbr.), Military Academy

   mA        (elec.), milliampere (no point)

   m/a       (book-keeping), my account

   ma        (Italian), but

   ma'am     see madam

   Maartens (Maarten)
             pseud. of Joost Marius van der Poorten-Schwartz, 1858-1915,
             Dutch novelist, wrote in English

   Maas      see Meuse

   Maastricht
             Netherlands, not Maes-

   Mabinogion
             collection of ancient Welsh romances

   Mac       (the prefix), spelling depends upon custom of the one bearing
             the name, and this (MacDonald, Macdonald, McDonald, etc.) must
             be followed. In alphabetical arrangement it should, however
             spelt, be treated as Mac

   mac       colloq. for mackintosh, not mack (no point)

   macadamize
             to cover with layers of small broken stone, each rolled in, not
             -ise; from John Loudon McAdam, 1756-1836, British engineer

   Macao     E. Asia, not -au

   macao     a parrot, use macaw

   macaron/i (not macc-), long tubes of pasta; an eighteenth-century dandy,
             pl. -ies; -ic, in burlesque verse, Latinized modern and
             modernized Latin

   MacArthur (Douglas)
             1880-1964, US general

   Macaulay (Dame Rose)
             1881-1958, British novelist; -- (Thomas Babington, Baron),
             1800-59, British writer

   macaw     a parrot, West Indian palm, not macao, maccaw

   Macc. (1, 2)
             Maccabees, First, Second Book of

   Maccabean of the Maccabees, not -baean

   McCarthy (Eugene Joseph)
             b. 1916, US politician; -- (Joseph Raymond), 1909-57, US
             politician; -- (Mary), 1912-89 US writer

   MacCarthy (Sir Desmond)
             1878-1952, British writer

   Macchiavelli
             use Mach-

   McCormack (John)
             1884-1945, Irish-born US singer

   McCoy (the real)
             the genuine article

   MacCunn (Hamish)
             1868-1916, Scottish composer

   MacDiarmid (Hugh)
             1892-1978, Scottish poet, pseud. of Christopher Murray Grieve

   Macdonald (Alexandre)
             1765-1840, Duke of Taranto, French marshal; -- (Flora), 1722-90,
             Jacobite heroine; -- (George), 1824-1905, Scottish novelist and
             poet

   MacDonald (Rt. Hon. James Ramsay)
             1866-1938, British Prime Minister 1924, 1929-35

   MacDowell (Edward Alexander)
             1861-1908, US composer

   Maced.    Macedonian

   mac‚doine mixed fruit or vegetables

   McGill Universiry
             Montreal, Canada

   Macgillicuddy's Reeks
             mountains in Kerry

   McGonagall (William)
             1830-1902, Scottish poet noted for his bad verse

   McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Ltd.


   MacGregor family name of Rob Roy

   ma chЉre  (Fr. f.), my dear. See also mon cher

   machete   Central American knife, not matchet

   Machiavell/i (Niccol•)
             1469-1527, Florentine statesman, playwright, writer on political
             opportunism, not Macch-; adj. -ian (cap. only in lit. or hist.
             usage); noun, -ianism, not -ism

   machicolation
             (archit.), openings between supporting corbels

   machina   (Lat.), a machine. See also Deus ex-

   machinab/le, -ility
             not machine-

   machine   abbr. M/C.

   machine revise
             final proof before actual printing

   Mach number
             ratio of speed of a body to speed of sound in surrounding
             atmosphere (not cap.), from Ernst Mach, 1836-1916, Austrian
             physicist

   Machpelah burial place of Abraham, not Maep-

   Machu Picchu
             Peru, site of antiquities

   Mackenzie (Sir Edward Montague Compton)
             1883-1972, British novelist

   McKinley (William)
             1843-1901, US President 1896-1901

   mackintosh
             a waterproof, colloq.  mac (no point); patented by Charles
             Macintosh, 1766-1843, Scottish chemist; not maci-

   mackle    printing blemish

   macle     twin crystal, spot in a mineral

   MacLehose & Sons
             printers, Glasgow

   MacLeish (Archibald)
             1892-1982, US poet

   Macleod (Fiona)
             pseud. of William Sharp, 1856-1905, Scottish poet and novelist

   McLuhan (Herbert Marshall)
             1911-81, Canadian sociologist

   MacMahon (Marie Edm‚ Patrice Maurice de)
             1808-93, Duke of Magenta, French marshal, President 1873-9

   McMaster University
             Hamilton, Ont., Canada

   Macmillan (Maurice Harold, Earl of Stockton)
             1894-1986, British statesman

   Macmillan/ Publishers, Ltd.
             London; -- Publishing Company, Inc., New York

   McNaghten Rules
             on insanity as defence in criminal trial; not named from
             MacNaghtan (Edward), 1830-1913, English judge, but from the
             murderer of Sir Robert Peel's private secretary, 1843

   MacNeice (Louis)
             1907-63, Anglo-Irish poet, critic, traveller

   Macon     Ga., US

   Mѓcon     d‚p. Saone-et-Loire, France; also a burgundy, not -‡on

   Macpelah  use Mach-

   Macquarie University
             Sydney

   macram‚ lace
             a trimming of knotted thread, not -mi-

   Macready (William Charles)
             1793-1873, English actor

   macrocosm the great world. See also microcosm

   macron    a mark (-) to indicate a long vowel or syllable (See Figure 1 in
             topic FRONT_4)

   macroscopic
             visible to the naked eye

   macrurous (zool.), long-tailed, not maerourous

   macul/a   a spot; pl. -ae

   Madagascar
             off SE coast of Africa, formerly the Malagasy Republic

   madam     pl. -s; colloq. abbr. 'm, ma'am (cap. for the correct form of
             address to the Queen), marm, m'm, mum

   Madame    abbr. Mme, not Mdme; pl.  Mesdames, abbr. Mmes (no point after
             abbrs.)

   M„dchen   (Ger. n.), girl; pl. same (cap.)

   Madeira   island, wine, cake

   Mademoiselle
             abbr. Mlle, not Mdlle; pl. Mesdemoiselles, abbr. Mlles, not
             Mdlles (no point after abbrs.)

   Madhya Pradesh
             (India), formerly Central Provinces; abbr. MP

   madonna   (representation of) the Virgin Mary (cap. as name)

   madonna   (It.), my lady, madam (in 3rd person only, not cap.)

   madrasah  (Ind.), a school or college (not the many variants)

   Mad. Univ.
             Madison University, US; Madras

   Maecenas/ a patron of the arts, not Me-; pl. -es

   maelstrom whirlpool, not mahl-, mal-

   Maelzel (Johann Nepomuk)
             1772-1838, German musician. See also metronome

   maenad/   a female follower of Baechus, not me-; pl. -s

   maestoso  (mus.), majestic, stately

   Maestricht
             Netherlands, use Maas-

   maestr/o  (mus.), master, composer, conductor; pl. -i (not ital.)

   Maeterlinck (Maurice)
             1862-1949, Belgian poet, playwright, essayist, philosopher

   Mae West  inflatable life-jacket named after film actress (two words,
             caps.)

   MAFF      Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food

   Mafia     Sicilian secret society, extending to US. See also Camorra

   mafios/o  member of Mafia, pl. -i (not cap.)

   ma foi!   (Fr.), upon my word!

   Mag.      Magyar (Hungarian)

   mag.      magazine, magnetism

   Maga      colloq. for Blackwood's Magazine

   magazine  abbr. mag.

   magazines (titles of)
             (typ.), when cited, to be in italic

   magdalen  a repentant prostitute, a home for such; but Mary Magdalene

   Magdalen College
             Oxford

   Magdalene College
             Cambridge

   Magdalenian
             (archaeol.), late palaeolithic culture or period

   maggot    a grub. See also magot

   magic/    (verb), -ked, -king

   magilp    use meg-

   magister  (Lat. m.), master, abbr.  M.; -- artium, Master of Arts, abbr.
             MA; -- chirurgiae, ditto Surgery, abbr. M.Ch.

   magistrand
             an arts student ready for graduation, esp. now at Aberdeen
             Univ.; at St Andrews a fourth-year student

   magma/    a mass; pl. -ta, or -s in gen. use

   Magna Carta
             (1215), not -- Cha-

   magnalium alloy of magnesium and aluminium

   magnesium symbol Mg

   magnetism abbr. mag.

   magnetize not -ise

   magneto/  type of electric generator; pl. -s

   magnification sign
             x (followed by a numeral)

   magnifico/
             Venetian grandee, pl.  -es (not ital.)

   magnif/y, -ied, -ying


   magnifying glass
             (two words)

   magnum    a reputed two-quart wine bottle

   magnum bonum
             a large, good variety, esp. of plums or potatoes; pl.  magnum
             bonums (two words, not ital.)

   magn/um op/us
             (Lat.), an author's chief work; pl. -a -era. See also opus
             magnum

   magot     ape, also Chinese or Japanese figure. See also maggot

   Magritte (Ren‚)
             1898-1967, Belgian painter

   mag/us    a wise man; pl. -i; but the Magi (cap.)

   Magyar    dominant race in Hungary; a Hungarian; the Finno-Ugric speech of
             Hungary; abbr. Mag.

   magyar    type of blouse or of its sleeves

   Mahabharata
             Indian epic (accent on third syllable)

   Mahame/dan, -tan
             use Muhammadan, q.v.

   mahara/ja Indian prince, not -jah (cap. as title); -nee, wife of maharaja,
             not -ni

   maharishi Hindu sage

   mahatma   in esoteric Buddhism one possessing supernatural powers; (with
             cap.) title prefixed to exalted persons, esp. Gandhi

   mahaut    use mahout

   Mahican   (member of) an American Indian tribe between the Hudson River
             and Narragansett Bay. See Mohegan and Mohican

   mah-jong  Chinese game played with tiles, not -ngg (hyphen)

   Mahler (Gustav)
             1860-1911, Austrian composer

   mahlstick painter's hand-test, use maul-

   mahlstrom use mael-

   Mahom/et  the trad. English spelling, not -ed; but use Muhammad. See also
             Islam, Muhammadan, Muslim

   mahout    elephant-driver, not -aut

   Mahratta  use Maratha

   Mahratti  use Marathi

   mahseer   large Indian freshwater fish, not the many variants

   mahwa     Indian tree

   mai       (Fr. m.), May (not cap.)

   Maia      (Gr. myth.), mother of Hermes

   maidan    (Ind., Pers.), a plain, an esplanade, not -aun

   maiden/hair, -head
             (one word)

   maiden name
             (two words)

   maieutic  of Socratic method of educing latent ideas

   maigre day
             (RCC), one when no flesh is eaten

   Maillol (Aristide)
             1861-1944, French sculptor

   maillot   (Fr. m.), dancer's tights, woman's bathing-suit

   main/     (Fr. f.), a hand, also a quire, abbr. M.; -- droite, right hand,
             abbr. MD; -- gauche, left hand, MG

   Maine     US, off. abbr. Me. or (postal) ME

   Maine-et-Loire
             d‚p. France (hyphens)

   main line (hyphen attrib.)

   mainline  (verb, take drugs)

   main/sail, -spring, -stay
             (one word)

   Mainz am Rhein
             W. Germany (no hyphens), not Mayence

   maiolica  use maj-

   maisonette
             a small house, a flat; Anglicized form of Fr. f.  maisonnette

   maison garnie
             (Fr. f.), furnished house

   Maisur    see Mysore

   maЊtre/   title of French advocate; -- d'h“tel (Fr. m.), house steward; …
             la -- --, plainly prepared with parsley (no hyphen)

   maЊtresse (Fr. f.), mistress

   maiuscol/a
             (It. typ.), capital letter; -etto, small capital letter

   Maj.      Major

   maj.      majority

   Majest‚ (Sa)
             (Fr. f.), His, or Her, Majesty, not Son --

   Majesty   abbr. M.

   Majlis    see Assemblies

   majolica  an Italian glazed or enamelled earthenware, not maiol-; in It.
             maiolica

   Major/    abbr Maj.; -- General (caps.  as title, hyphen), abbr. Maj.-Gen.

   Majorca   Balearic Is.; in Sp.  Mallorca

   major-domo/
             a house steward, pl. -s (hyphen)

   majority  abbr. maj.

   majuscule a capital, or upper-case, letter

   make-believe
             (hyphen)

   makeready (typ.), preparation of forme or plate, fitting of new offset
             blankets, on printing machine (one word)

   makeshift (one word)

   make-up   (typ.), arrangement of matter into pages

   makeweight
             (one word)

   Mal.      Malachi, Malayan

   Malacca   see Malaya (Federation of)

   malacology
             study of molluscs; abbr.  malac.

   maladroit clumsy (not ital.)

   mala/ fide
             (Lat.), treacherously; -- fides, bad faith; -- in se (Lat.),
             acts which are intrinsically wrong

   M laga    Spain (accent); Malaga, wine from there

   Malagasy  native or language of Madagascar

   Malagasy Republic
             see Madagascar

   malague¤a dance from M laga

   malaise   discomfort, uneasiness

   malamute  Eskimo dog, not male-

   Malaprop (Mrs)
             in The Rivals, by Sheridan, 1775

   malapropos
             inopportunely; in Fr.  mal … propos

   Malawi/   Cent. Africa, independent state within the Commonwealth, 1964,
             republic 1966; formerly Nyasaland; adj. -an; -- (Lake), formerly
             Lake Nyasa

   Malay     language and people

   Malaya (Federation of):
             till 1957 consisted of nine states (Johore, Kedah, Kelantan,
             Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, Trengganu) and
             the two British settlements of Penang and Malacca; adj. Malayan,
             abbr. Mal.

   Malayalam language of Malabar coast, SW India

   Malaysia/ since 1957, independent state within the Commonwealth; consists
             of Malaya, Sabah, and Sarawak; adj. -n

   malcontent
             not male-

   mal de mer
             (Fr. m.), seasickness

   Malden    Surrey

   mal de t€te
             (Fr. m.), headache

   Maldiv/es (The)
             SW of Sri Lanka; adj. -ian

   Maldon    Essex

   mal du pays
             (Fr. m.), homesickness

   male      abbr. m. (bot., zool., sociol.)

   maleable  use mall-

   malecontent
             use malc-

   malee     use mallee

   malemute  use malamute

   malentendu
             (Fr. m.), misunderstanding (one word)

   Malesherbes (Chr‚tien Guillaume de Lamoignon de)
             1721-94, French statesman. See also Malherbe

   malgr‚    (Fr.), in spite of

   Malherbe (Fran‡ois de)
             1555-1628, French writer. See also Malesherbes

   mali      Indian gardener. See also mallee

   Mali/     republic in NW Africa, 1960, formerly French Sudan; adj. -an

   Malines   Belgium, not Mechlin, q.v.

   Mallarm‚ (Stephane)
             1842-98, French poet

   malleable not male-

   mallee    Australian eucalyptus. See also mali

   Mallorca  Sp. for Majorca

   Mallow    Co. Cork

   Malmaison near Paris (one word)

   Malmesbury
             Wilts.

   malmsey   a sweet wine, not -sie, -esie, -asye

   Malone (Edmond
             not -und), 1741-1812, British lit. critic

   Malplaquet
             (battle of), 1709

   malpractice
             misbehaviour, not -se

   malstrom  use mael-

   Maltese Cross
             (See Figure 4 in topic FRONT_4)

   Malthus (Thomas Robert)
             1766-1834, writer on population

   Malton    N. Yorks.

   mama      use mamma

   mameluco  in Brazil, offspring of a White and an Indian

   Mameluke  (hist.), member of mil.  body that ruled Egypt 1254-1811, not
             the many variants

   mamill/a  nipple; pl. -ae; adj. -ary

   mamma     child's name for mother, not mama

   mamm/a    breast; pl. -ae; adj. -ary

   mammee    tropical American tree, not the many variants

   Mammon    wealth personified (cap.)

   Man.      Manila; Manitoba

   man.      manual

   Man       (Isle of), see Isle of Man

   man about town
             (three words)

   manacle   fetter, not -icle

   Manacles  rocks off Cornish coast

   manage/able, -ment


   manakin   trop. American bird. See also manikin, mannequin, minikin

   ma¤ana    (Sp.), tomorrow

   Manassas  Virginia, scene of American Civil War battles

   Manasseh (tribe of)


   Manasses (Prayer of)
             Apocr., abbr.  Pr. Man.

   man-at-arms
             pl. men-at-arms (hyphens)

   manatee   the sea-cow

   Manaus    Brazil

   manche    (Fr. m.), a handle; (f.) a sleeve

   Manche (La)
             (Fr.), the English Channel

   Manche    d‚p. France

   Manchester
             abbr. Manch. or M/C.

   Manchester:
             sig. of Bp. of Manchester (colon)

   man-child pl. men-children (hyphens)

   Manchu    (noun), an inhabitant or the language of Manchuria; (adj.), of
             the land, people, or language of Manchuria; not -choo, -chow
             Manchukuo, an empire of NE Asia, 1932-45, formed by the Japanese
             out of Manchuria, Chinese Jehol, and part of Inner Mongolia

   Manchuria region in E. Asia, named (1643) from an invading Mongolian
             people; see previous entry; returned to China, 1945

   Mancunian (inhabitant) of Manchester

   Mandalay  Burma, not Mande-

   mandamus  writ issued from a higher court to a lower, not -emus (not
             ital.)

   mandarin  western name for a Chinese official; a small Chinese orange;
             (cap.) Chinese language; not -ine

   mandatary (law, hist.), one to whom a mandate is given

   mandatory (adj.), commanding, compulsory

   M and B   (also M and B 693), sulphonamide drug (from initials of
             manufacturers May and Baker)

   Mandelay, mandemus
             use -da-

   mandioc   use manioc

   mandolin  stringed instrument, not -ine

   mandrel   a spindle, not -il

   mandrill  a baboon

   manЉge    horsemanship, riding school.  See also menage

   Manet     (Edouard), 1832-83, French painter

   man/et    (Lat., theat.), he, or she, remains; pl. -ent

   manganese symbol Mn

   mangel-wurzel
             a large beet, not mangle-, mangold-

   mango/    Indian fruit, not -oe; pl.  -es

   mangold-wurzel
             use mangel---

   mangosteen
             tropical fruit, not -an, -ine

   mangy     having mange, not -gey

   manhaden  use men-

   manhandle (one word)

   manhattan a cocktail (not cap.)

   Manhattan Island
             New York

   Manhattan Project
             the production of the first atomic bombs in US

   Manheim   W. Germany, use Mann-

   man-hour/ work of one man per hour, pl. -s (hyphen)

   man-hunt  (hyphen)

   Manichaean
             pertaining to the Manichees, religious followers of the Persian
             Mani, c.216-76; not -chean

   manicle   a fetter, use -acle

   manifesto/
             declaration of policy; pl. -s

   manikin   a dwarf anatomical model, not mana-, manni-. See also manakin,
             mannequin, minikin

   Manila    Philippine Islands, abbr.  Man.

   manila    hemp, paper, not -illa

   manilla   African bracelet

   manioc    the cassava plant, not the many variants

   maniple   subdivision of Roman legion, vestment

   manipulator
             not -er

   Manipur   NE India, not Munnepoor

   Manitoba  Canada; abbr. Man.

   man-made  (hyphen)

   mannequin dressmaker's (live) model. See also manakin, manikin

   Mannheim  W. Germany, not Manh-

   mannikin  use mani-

   mannish   manlike (usu. derog. of woman)

   Mannlicher rifle


   mano/     (It. f.), a hand, abbr. M.; -- destra, right hand, abbr. MD; --
             sinistra, left hand, abbr. MS

   manoeuvrab/le, -ility
             (US maneuverab/le, -ility)

   manoeuvr/e, ed, ing
             (US maneuver/, -ed, -ing)

   man-of-war
             armed ship; pl. men-of-war (hyphens)

   man-of-war's-man
             (apos., hyphens)

   manqu/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, unsuccessful

   Mansard (Fran‡ois)
             1598-1666, French architect

   mansard roof
             lower part steeper than upper (not cap.)

   Mansfield (Katherine)
             1888-1923, NZ-born British writer of short stories, pseud. of
             Kathleen Beauchamp, later Murry. See Murry

   mansuetae naturae
             (law), adj., tame (of animals), lit. of a tame nature

   mantel    shelf above fireplace

   mantelet  short cloak; movable screen to protect gunners, not mantlet

   mantelpiece
             not mantle-

   mantilla  (Sp.), a short mantle; a veil covering head and shoulders

   mantis    orthopterous insect, pl.  same

   mantle    cloak

   mantlet   use mantelet

   mantrap   (one word)

   Mantua    Italy, in It. Mantova

   manual    organ keyboard; abbr. man.

   manufactur/e, -er
             abbr. mfr.; -ed, mfd.; -ers, -es, mfrs.; -ing, mfg.

   manum/it  to set (slave) free; -itted, -itting; noun -ission

   manu propria
             (Lat.), with one's own hand

   manus     (Lat. f), a hand; pl. same

   manuscript
             abbr. MS (a, not an), pl. MSS (but spell out except in bibliog.
             enumeration). Also called copy. It should be cleanly typed
             double-spaced on one side of paper (which should be of the same
             size throughout). One inch blank margin on left-hand side. Caps.
             I, J, S, T, and l.c. e, i, l, m, n, t, u, if handwritten, to be
             clear. Italics, bold, small capitals, etc. are indicated by
             underlining as in proof correction, q.v. Copy must be folioed in
             consecutive order throughout: not each chapter separately. Never
             place corrections or additions on back of a leaf, but put in an
             extra leaf and mark it, say, 23 A, B, or C; cue the alteration
             clearly into the original text. If a leaf is deleted, say 24,
             mark previous one 23-24. All matter not to be printed (e.g.
             folio numbers, directions to the printer) to be ringed round in
             ink. Adhesive tape should be used as little as possible, and
             pins and staples should not be used. Copy for extracts and
             footnotes should be incorporated in sequence with the text. See
             also footnotes and BS 5261 part 1

   manuscrit (Fr. m.), MS; abbr. ms., pl. mss.

   Manuskript
             (Ger. n.), MS; also printer's copy

   Manutius/ (Aldus)
             1450-1515, in It.  Aldo Manuzio; -- -- "the younger", 1547-97;
             -- (Paulus), 1512-72; Italian printers

   Manx/     of the Isle of Man; -man, -men, -woman, -women (one word)

   Manzanilla
             a dry sherry

   Mao/ism   doctrine of Mao Zedong; -ist

   Maori/    member or language of native race of New Zealand; pl. -s

   Mao/ Zedong (-- Tse-tung)
             1893-1976, Chairman of Chinese Communist Party 1954-76

   Maquis    the resistance movement in France in Second World War; from
             Corsican maquis, scrubland

   mar/, -red, -ring


   Mar.      March

   mar.      maritime

   Mar       (Earl of), family name: of Mar.  See also Mar and Kellie

   marabou/ feather, -- stork
             not -bout, -bu

   marabout  N. African monk or hermit, not -but

   Maracaibo Venezuela, not -ybo

   maranatha (Syriac), "our Lord cometh"

   Mar and Kellie (Earl of)
             family name Erskine. See also Mar

   maraschino
             a liqueur

   Marat     (Jean Paul), 1743-93, French revolutionary

   Maratha   an Indian people, not Mahratta

   Marathi   Indian language, not Mahratti

   Marazion  Cornwall

   marbling  (bind.), staining endpapers or book edges to resemble marble

   marbly    marble-like, not -ley

   marbr‚    (Fr.), marbled; also marbled edges of books

   Marcan    of St Mark, not Mark-

   marcato   (mus.), emphasized

   March     (month of), abbr. Mar.

   march.    marchioness

   M„rchen   (Ger. n.), a fairy-tale; pl.  same

   marches/e (It.), marquis; fem. -a, marchioness

   marchioness
             abbr. march. (cap. as title)

   Marcobrunner
             a hock

   Marconi (Guglielmo, Marchese)
             1874-1937, inventor of radio telegraphy; marconigram, message
             sent by his system

   Marcuse (Herbert)
             1898-1979, German-born US philosopher

   Mardi Gras
             Shrove Tuesday

   mare      (Lat.), sea, (astr.) lunar plain, pl. maria; -- clausum, a sea
             under one country's jurisdiction; -- liberum, a sea open to all
             countries

   mar‚chal/ (Fr. m.), Field Marshal; his wife; -e

   Mar‚chal Niel
             a rose

   mare's-tail
             (bot.), marsh plant (apos., hyphen)

   marg.     margin, -al

   margarine butter-substitute, colloq. marge

   margarite a mineral or rock-formation

   Margaux (Chateau-)
             a claret (hyphen)

   marge     colloq. for margarine, not marg

   marge     (Fr. f.), margin

   margin/, -al
             abbr. marg.

   marginalia
             (pl.), marginal notes (not ital.)

   margins   (typ.), the four are called back (at binding), head (top),
             foredge (opposite the binding), and tail (foot of page). An
             acceptable ratio for the size of margins, in order as above, is
             1:1.5:2:2.5

   Margoliouth (David Samuel)
             1858-1940, British orientalist

   Margrethe b. 1940, Queen of Denmark 1972-

   marguerite
             ox-eye daisy

   mariage de convenance
             (Fr. m.), marriage of convenience, not marr-

   Mariamne  name of two wives of Herod the Great

   Marianne  woman symbolizing France

   Marie/ de' Medici
             1573-1642, wife of Henry IV of France (de', not de); in Fr. --
             de M‚dicis

   marijuana (Sp.), hemp, not -huana

   marin/ade (Fr. cook. f.), a pickle; -ate, to steep in it

   Mariolatry
             (derog.), worship of the Virgin Mary, not Mary-

   marionette
             a puppet; in Fr. f.  marionnette

   maritime  abbr. mar.

   marivaudage
             (Fr. m.), daintily affected style, from Marivaux (Pierre Carlet
             de Chamblain de), 1688-1763, French playwright and novelist

   Mark      (St) (NT), not to be abbreviated; adj. Marcan, not Mark-

   mark/     German coin, pl. in English contexts -s; the currency of the
             Federal Republic of Germany is based on the Deutsche Mark, q.v.

   mark-down (noun), a reduction in price (hyphen)

   market/   abbr. mkt.; -ed, -ing

   market-day
             (hyphen)

   Market/ Drayton
             Shropshire; -- Harborough, Leics.; -- Weighton, Humberside (no
             hyphens)

   market garden
             (two words)

   Marketors (Worshipful Company of)


   market overt
             (law), open market

   market-place
             (hyphen)

   market/ town, -- value
             (two words)

   marks of correction
             see proof-correction marks

   marks of reference
             (See Figure 5 in topic FRONT_4)

   mark-up   (noun), an increase in price; (typ.), final copy-preparation in
             printer's office (hyphen)

   Marlburian
             (member) of Marlborough College

   marlinspike
             for separating strands of rope in splicing, not -ine-, -ing-
             (one word)

   Marlow    Bucks., Hereford & Worc.

   Marlowe (Christopher)
             1564-93, English playwright

   Marmara (Sea of)
             not -ora

   marmoset  a monkey

   Marocco   use Morocco

   Marprelate Controversy (the)
             war of pamphlets, 1588-9, between puritan "Martin Marprelate"
             and defenders of the Established Church

   marq.     marquis

   marque de fabrique
             (Fr. f.), trade mark

   marque/   make (not type) of car; -- (letters of), those authorizing
             reprisals at sea

   marquee   large tent

   Marquesas Islands
             S. Pacific

   marquetry inlaid work, not -terie

   mar/quis, -quess
             abbr. M., or marq.; fem. marchioness, abbr.  march.; caps. as
             titles; in Fr.  marquis/, fem. -e

   Marrakesh Morocco, not Mara-, -kech

   marriage  in Fr. m. mariage

   marriageable
             not -gable

   married   abbr. m.

   marron    (Fr. m.), chestnut; marron glac‚, sugared chestnut (not ital.)

   marrowfat a pea

   "Marseillaise (La)"
             French national song

   Marseilles
             S. France; in Fr.  Marseille

   marshal/  (noun and verb), not -ll; -led, -ler, -ling

   Marshall/ (Gen. George Catlett)
             1880-1959, US soldier and statesman, initiator of -- Plan for W.
             Eur. recovery, 1947

   Marshall Islands
             W. Pacific

   Marsham (Viscount)
             eldest son of Earl of Romney. See also Masham

   martellato
             (mus.), played with heavy strokes

   Martello/ small circular fort, pl.  -s (cap.)

   marten    a weasel. See also martin

   Martha's Vineyard
             an island, Mass., US

   Martial   (in Lat., Marcus Valerius Martialis), c.40-c.102, Roman poet,
             abbr. Mart.

   martial   warlike

   Martian   of the planet Mars

   martin    a bird. See also marten

   Martineau (Harriet)
             1802-76, English writer

   martingale
             strap from horse's noseband to girth, not -gal

   Martini   vermouth (propr. term)

   Martinique
             W. Indies

   Martinmas 11 Nov.

   martyrize etc., not -ise

   marvel/, -led, -ling, -lous


   Marvell (Andrew)
             1621-78, English poet and satirist

   Marx/ (Karl)
             1818-83, German man socialist, author of Das Kapital; -ian;
             -ism; not -ianism

   Mary      USSR, formerly Merv

   Maryland  US, off. abbr. Md. or (postal) MD

   Marylebone
             London; -- (St), parliamentary constituency

   Marymass  25 Mar.

   Maryolatry
             use Mari-

   mas       (Lat.), a male; pl. mares

   Masaryk (Thomas Carrigue)
             1850-1937, first president of Czechoslovakia; -- (Jan Garrigue),
             his son, 1886-1948, Czechoslovak politician

   masc.     masculine

   Mascagni (Pietro)
             1863-1945, Italian composer

   masculine abbr. m. or masc.

   Masefield (John)
             1878-1967, Poet Laureate 1930-67

   maser     microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
             (acronym). See also laser

   mashallah!
             (Arab., Pers., Turk.), an exclamation of wonder

   Masham (Baron)
             family name Lister; -- of Ilton (Baroness), family name
             Cunliffe-Lister. See also Marsham

   mashie    a golf-club, not -y

   Mashona/, -land
             Zimbabwe, not Mashu-

   masjid    (Arab.), a mosque, not mes-, mus-

   mask      cover for the face, etc. See also masque

   masochism a sexual perversion in which person delights in being cruelly
             treated; from Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, 1835-95, Austrian
             novelist

   Mason/    -ic, -ry (Freemasonry) (cap.)

   Mason-Dixon line
             US, separated slave-owning South from free North; surveyed
             1763-7 by Englishmen Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon (hyphen)

   Masor/ah  Heb. tradition, not the many variants; -etic Text, abbr. MT

   masque    entertainment. See also mask

   mass      (mech.), symbol m

   Massachusetts
             off. abbr. Mass. or (postal) MA

   mass‚     stroke at billiards

   Mass‚na (Andr‚)
             1758-1817, French marshal

   Massenet (Jules ђmile Fr‚d‚ric)
             1842-1912, French composer

   Massereene (Viscount)


   masseu/r  fem. -se (not ital.)

   massif    (geol.), mountain mass (not ital.)

   Massora   use Masorah

   mastaba/  (archaeol.), anc. Egyptian tomb, pl. -s

   Master    abbr. M.; Master of/ Arts, MA; -- -- Commerce, M.Com.; -- --
             Dental Surgery, MDS; -- -- Education, M.Ed.; -- -- Laws, LL M;
             -- -- Letters, M.Litt.; -- -- Music, M.Mus. or (Camb.) Mus.M.;
             -- -- Philosophy, M.Phil.; -- -- Science, M.Sc. or MS (US); --
             -- Surgery, M.Ch., M.Chir., MS, or Ch.M.; -- -- Theology, M.Th.

   master-at-arms
             (naut.), first-class petty officer (hyphens)

   master mariner
             captain of a merchant vessel (two words)

   mastermind
             (noun, adj., and verb, one word)

   Master of title of the eldest son of certain Scottish peers, e.g. The
             Master of Lovat

   Master of the Rolls
             abbr. MR

   masterpiece
             (one word)

   master printer
             the head of a printing establishment

   Master Printers Association
             abbr.  MPA

   master/-stroke, -switch, -work
             (hyphens)

   mast-head (hyphen)

   mastic    a gum-resin, not -ich, -ick

   mat       dull, use matt

   Matabele/ pl. same; -land, Zimbabwe (one word)

   matador   bullfighter, not -ore

   match/board, -box
             (one word)

   matchet   use machete

   matchmaker
             (one word)

   match point
             (two words)

   matchwood (one word)

   mat‚      Paraguay tea, not mate (not ital.)

   matelot   a shade of blue, (slang) a sailor (not ital.)

   matelot   (Fr. m.), a sailor

   matelote  (Fr. cook. f.), a rich fish stew

   mat/er    (Lat.), mother; pl. -res

   materialize
             not -ise

   materia medica
             science of drugs (not ital.)

   mat‚riel  (mil.), everything except personnel (ital.)

   matey     sociable, not -ty

   math.     mathemat/ics, -ical, -ician

   mathematics
             (typ.), reference to footnotes in math. works to be marks of
             reference (dagger etc. but not *), and not superior figures, as
             these may be mistaken for indices. When letters are required for
             formulae, caps. and l.c. (not s. caps.) are usual. A formula, if
             detached from the text, is generally set in the middle of the
             line; and if it has to be carried on to the next, the break is
             made at an equals, minus, or plus sign, which is carried over.
             Abbr. math.  See also BSI, fractions, numerals

   Mathew (Lord Justice)
             1830-1909

   Mathews (Charles)
             1776-1835, English actor; -- (Charles James), 1803-78, his son,
             English actor and playwright; -- (Elkin), publisher; --
             (Shailer), 1863-1941, US educator and theologian. The usual
             spelling of the name is Matthews

   matin     (Fr. m.), morning

   matin‚e   afternoon entertainment; matin‚e musicale, ditto with music

   matins    sometimes in Prayer Book mattins

   matriculator
             not -er

   matr/ix   (typ.), individual die for casting type; pl. -ices

   matronymic
             use metro-

   matt      (of colour) dull, without lustre, not mat

   Matt.     St Matthew's Gospel

   Mattei (Tito)
             1841-1914, Italian composer

   matter    (typ.), MS or copy to be printed, type that has been set

   Matthews  the usual spelling, but see Mathews

   mattins   see matins

   Mau       Uttar Pradesh, India. See also Mhow

   Maugham (William Somerset)
             1874-1965, English novelist and playwright

   Maugrabin (Hayraddin)
             in Scott's Quentin Durward

   Maulmain  Burma, use Moulmein

   maulstick painter's hand-rest, not mahl-

   Mau Mau   a Kikuyu secret society in Kenya, rebelled 1952 (two words)

   Maundy Thursday
             day before Good Friday, not Maunday (two words)

   Maupassant (Guy de)
             1850-93, French writer

   Mauresque use Mor-

   Mauretania
              ancient region of NW Africa

   Mauretania
             name of two successive Cunard liners

   Maurist   member of the reformed Benedictine congregation of St Maur (Fr.)

   Mauritania
             NW Africa, indep. 1960

   Mauriti/us
             former British colony, French-speaking, in Indian Ocean; indep.
             1968; adj. -an

   mausoleum/
             a magnificent tomb; pl.  -s

   mauvaise honte
             (Fr. f.), shyness

   mauvais/ go–t
             (Fr. m.), bad taste; -- pas, a difficulty; -- quart d'heure, bad
             quarter of an hour, a short unpleasant time; -- sujet, a
             ne'er-do-well; -- ton, bad style

   maverick  an unbranded animal, masterless person, rover

   Max.      Maximilian I or II, Holy Roman emperors

   max.      maxim, maximum

   maxill/a  the jaw; pl. -ae

   maximize  not -ise

   maxim/um  the greatest; pl. -a; abbr. max. (not ital.)

   maxwell   unit of magnetic flux; abbr. Mx

   Maxwell (James Clerk)
             1831-79, Scottish physicist, not Clerk-Maxwell

   Maxwell-Lyte (Sir Henry Churchill)
             1848-1940, English hist. writer

   May       (month of), not to be abbreviated

   may       (tree) (not cap.)

   maya      (Hindu philos.), illusion

   Maya/     one of an Indian people of Cent. America and S. Mexico; pl.  -s;
             adj. -n

   maybe     perhaps (one word)

   May-bug   (hyphen)

   May Day   1 May (caps., two words)

   Mayday    international radio distress signal (one word, cap.)

   Mayence on the Rhine
             use Mainz am Rhein

   Mayfair   London (one word), but May Fair Hotel, London

   May/flower, -fly
             (one word)

   mayhem    (legal and US) maiming

   mayn't    to be printed close up

   mayonnaise
             (Fr. f.), a salad-dressing (not ital.)

   maypole   (one word)

   May queen (two words)

   mayst     (no apos.)

   mazagran  (Fr. m.), black coffee served in a glass

   Mazarin Bible
             42-line, first book printed from movable type, by Gutenberg and
             Fust, c.1450.  Cardinal Mazarin, 1602-61, had twenty-five copies

   mazarine  deep blue

   Mazeppa (Ivan)
             1644-1709, Cossack chief hero of Byron's poem Mazeppa, 1819

   mazurka   a Polish dance, not mazou-

   Mazzini (Giuseppe)
             1805-72, Italian patriot

13.3 MB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MB        Medicinae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Medicine)

   mb        or mbar, millibar

   Mbabane   Swaziland

   MBCS      Member of the British Computer Society

   MBE       Member of the Order of the British Empire

   MBIM      Member of the British Institute of Management

13.4 MC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MC        Master of Ceremonies, -- of Surgery, (US) Member of Congress, --
             of Council, Military Cross

   M/C.      Manchester, machine

   Mc        see Mac

   MCC       Marylebone Cricket Club

   M.Ch., M.Chir.
             Magister Chirurgiae (Master of Surgery)

   M.Com.    Master of Commerce

   MCP       Member of the College of Preceptors; male chauvinist pig

   MCR       Middle Common Room

   MCS       Military College of Science

   Mc/s      better MHz, q.v.

   MCSP      Member of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy

13.5 MD...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MD        managing director, Maryland, US (off. postal abbr.), (Lat.)
             Medicinae Doctor (Doctor of Medicine), mentally deficient,
             Middle Dutch, (It. mus.) mano destra (right hand), (Fr. mus.)
             main droite (right hand)

   Md        mendelevium (no point)

   Md.       Maryland, US (off. abbr.)

   Mdlle     use Mlle (Mademoiselle)

   Mdme      use Mme (Madame)

   MDS       Master of Dental Surgery

   MDu.      Middle Dutch

13.6 ME...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ME        Maine, US (off. postal abbr.), Marine Engineer, Mechanical
             Engineer, Middle English, Military Engineer, Mining Engineer,
             Most Excellent

   Me.       Maine, US (off. abbr.)

   me        mus.), not mi

   me        (it is), it is I, both used in speech, but former should not be
             printed, except as a colloquialism

   mea culpa (Lat.), by my fault

   mealie/   (S. Afr.), ear or grain of maize; pl. -s

   mealy-mouthed
             hypocritical (hyphen)

   mean time that based on mean sun (two words)

   meantime  (adv.), but in the mean time

   meanwhile (adv.), but in the mean while

   measur/e, -able, -ing
             abbr. meas.; (typ.) the width to which type is set, usu. stated
             in 12 pt. (pica) ems; -ements, see numerals

   measuring-jug
             (hyphen)

   meatball  (one word)

   Mebyon Kernow
             (Corn.), "sons of Cornwall", movement for Cornish independence

   MEC       Member of Executive Council

   Mecca     cap. of Hejaz, and one of the federal capitals of Saudi Arabia,
             not Mekka, -ah, -eh. See also Riyadh

   Mecenas   use Mae-

   mech.     mechan/ics, -ical

   mechanics is singular as name of the science

   Mechlin lace
             etc., but see Malines

   Mecklenburgh Square
             London, WC

   Mecklenburg/-Schwerin, ---Strelitz
             E. Germany

   Mec Vannin
             (Manx), "sons of Man", movement for Manx independence

   M.Ed.     Master of Education

   med.      medical, medicine, medieval, medium

   medal/, -led, -lion, -list


   M‚decin malgr‚ lui (Le)
             by MoliЉre, 1666

   media (the)
             conventional name for channels of information, is plural

   mediaeval use medieval

   medic     slang for doctor or medical student (no point)

   medical   abbr. med.  (See Figure 2 in topic FRONT_4)

   Medic/i   Florentine ruling family, 15th-18th cc.; adj. -ean. See also
             Marie de' Medici

   medicinae (Lat.), of medicine; abbr.  M.

   medicine  abbr. med.

   medico/   colloq. for doctor or medical student, pl. -s

   medieval/ abbr. med.; -ism, -ist, -ize, etc., not mediae-

   Medina    river, IW

   Medina    Arabia, in Arab. al-Madinah

   Medit.    Mediterranean

   meditatio fugae
             (Lat., Sc. law), contemplation of flight

   medi/um   pl. -a, in spiritualism -ums (not ital.) abbr. med. See also
             media

   medium/   former size of paper, 18 x 23 in.; -- 4to, 11.5 x 9 in., -- 8vo,
             9 x 5.75 in. (untrimmed). See also book sizes

   med. jur. medical jurisprudence

   M‚doc     (Fr. m.), a claret

   Meerut    Uttar Pradesh, India, not Merath, Mirat

   mega-     prefix meaning a million or very large, abbr. M, e.g. megawatt,
             MW

   Megaera   (myth.), one of the Furies

   megalomania
             the delusion of grandeur

   megalopolis
             a great city

   Megara    city and port, anc. Greece

   megavolt  (elec.), a million volts; abbr. MV

   megawatt  a million watts; abbr. MW

   megilp    an artist's medium, vehicle for oil-colours, not mag-, -ilph

   megohm    (elec.), a million ohms; abbr. MR

   megrim/, -s
             headache, "the blues"

   mehrab    use mi-

   Meilhac (Henri)
             1831-97, French playwright

   mein Herr (Ger.), a form of address, as Sir; pl. meine Herren; fem.  meine
             Dame, pl. meine Damen

   meios/is  (rhet.), diminution, understatement (see also litotes); (biol.)
             cell-division before fertilization, pl. -es

   Meiringen Switzerland, not Mey-

   Meirionnydd
             district of Gwynedd

   Meissen   porcelain, from E. German town

   Meissonier (Jean Louis Ernest)
             1815-91, French painter

   Meissonnier (Juste AurЉle)
             1693-170, French goldsmith, architect, furniture designer

   Meistersinger von NЃrnberg (Die)
             opera by Wagner, 1867

   me judice (Lat.), in my opinion

   Mekk/a, -ah, -eh
             use Mecca

   Melanchthon (Philip)
             Graecized form of Philipp Schwarzerd, 1497-1560, Luther's
             associate

   Melanesia the islands between the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, and
             between New Guinea and Fiji (an archbishopric, not a political
             unit)

   m‚lange   (Fr. m.), a mixture

   Melchior (Lauritz)
             1890-1973, Danish tenor

   Melchi/zedek
             king of Salem, OT; NT, -sedec, but -zedek in NEB

   m€l‚e     a fray (not ital.)

   Meliboean (poetry), alternating, not -aean, -bean

   melodrama romantic and sensational drama

   Melos     Gr. island. See also Milo

   Melpomene (Gr.), the muse of tragedy

   melt      spleen, use milt

   melting/-point, -pot
             (hyphens)

   Melton Mowbray
             Leics. (two words)

   mem.      memento, memorial

   Member    abbr. M.

   Member of Parliament
             (caps.); abbr.  MP, pl. MPs

   memento/  a souvenir, pl. -es, abbr.  mem. (not ital.)

   memento mori
             (Lat.), remember that you must die

   Meml/ook, -uk
             use Mameluke

   memo/     memorandum, pl. -s (no point)

   m‚moire   (Fr. m.), bill, report, treatise; (f.) memory

   memorabilia
             noteworthy things, is pl.

   memorand/um
             a written note, pl.  -ums; pl. -a, things to be noted.  See also
             memo

   memorial  abbr. mem.

   Memorial Day
             (US), = Decoration Day

   memorialize
             to petition by a memorial, not -ise

   memoria technica
             (Lat.), mnemonics

   memorize  to commit to memory, not -ise

   memsahib  see sahib

   menad     use mae-

   m‚nage    (Fr. m.), a household. See also manЉge

   menagerie (place for) a collection of wild animals, not -ery

   menarche  onset of menstruation

   Mencken (Henry Louis)
             1880-1956, US author

   mendacity falsehood

   Mendel/ (Gregor Johann)
             1822-84, Austrian botanist; -ian, -ism

   mendelevium
             symbol Md

   Mendeleyev (Dmitri Ivanovich)
             1834-1907, Russian chemist

   Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (Jacob Ludwig Felix)
             1809-47, German composer

   mendicity begging

   meneer    (Afrik.), Mr, sir

   menhaden  a N. American fish of herring family, not man-

   meningitis
             inflammation of meninges

   meno      (It. mus.), less

   Menorca   Sp. for Minorca

   mensa     (Lat.), a table; a mensa et toro, from bed and board (a kind of
             divorce), not thoro

   Menshevik member of a minority group of the Russian Social Democratic
             Party before 1917. See Bolshevik

   Men's Lib (caps., no point)

   mens/ rea (Lat.), criminal intent; -- sana in corpore sano, a sound mind
             in a sound body

   menstru/um
             a solvent; pl. -a

   mensur.   mensuration

   menswear  (one word, no apos.)

   menthe    (Fr. cook. f.), mint, not mi-

   Menton    Fr. Riviera, often given It.  spelling Mentone

   menu/     (Fr. m.), bill of fare, pl. -s

   Menuhin (Yehudi)
             b. 1916, US violinist

   MEP       Member of the European Parliament

   m.e.p.    mean effective pressure

   mephistophelean
             malicious, cynical, not -ian

   mer.      meridian, meridional

   Merano    Italian Tyrol

   Merath    use Meerut

   Mercator's projection
             a method of map-making, from Latinized form of surname of
             Gerhard Kremer, 1512-94, Flemish-born German cartographer

   Mercedes  German make of car; Merc‚dЉs (Fr.), Mercedes (Sp.), girl's name

   mercerize treat cotton under tension, not -ise

   merchandise
             (noun and verb), not -ize

   Merchant/ Company Schools
             Edin.; -- Taylors Company; but -- Taylors' School (apos.)

   merci     (Fr. m.), thanks; no, thank you; (f.) mercy

   mercury   symbol Hg

   Meredith (George)
             1828-1909, English novelist and poet; -- (Owen), see
             Bulwer-Lytton (Edward Robert)

   meretricious
             befitting a prostitute, showy

   meridian  a great circle passing through the poles of a sphere and any
             given place; esp. that which cuts the observer's horizon at due
             north and south, and which the sun crosses at (local) noon;
             abbr. m.  or mer.; (fig.) the highest point

   meridies  (Lat.), noon; abbr. m.

   meridional
             of a meridian, abbr. m.  or mer.; (in the northern hemisphere)
             southern; of S. Europe; (noun) an inhabitant of S. Europe, esp.
             of S. France

   M‚rim‚e (Prosper)
             1803-70, French novelist and historian

   merino/   sheep, pl. -s

   meritocracy
             government by the best people

   meritorious
             deserving reward or praise

   merle     the common blackbird, not merl

   merlin    falcon

   merlon    solid part of embattled parapet

   Merovingian
             (king) of a Frankish dynasty in Gaul and Germany, c.500-700, not
             -j-

   merry andrew
             buffoon (two words, not cap.)

   merry-go-round
             (hyphens)

   merrythought
             the wishbone (one word)

   Merseyside
             metropolitan county

   Merthyr Tydfil
             Mid Glam. (two words), not -vil

   Merv      USSR, now Mary

   mesa      (Western US), flat-topped mountain

   m‚salliance
             (Fr. f.), marriage with a social inferior; use misalliance

   Mesdemoiselles
             abbr. Mlles, not Mdlles

   mesjid    use mas-

   mesmerize to hypnotize, fascinate, not -ise

   Mesolongi use Missolonghi

   Mesozoic  (geol.) (cap.)

   mesquite  N. American tree, not -it

   Messerschmitt (Willy)
             1898-1978, German aircraft-designer, not -dt

   Messiaen (Olivier EugЉne Prosper Charles)
             b. 1908, French organist and composer

   Messiah, Messianic
             Messiah, oratorio by Handel, 1742, not The Messiah

   Messieurs (Fr.), abbr. MM.; sing.  Monsieur

   Messrs    sing. Mr (no point)

   mestiz/o  one of Spanish and American-Indian blood, not -ino; pl. -os;
             fem. -a, fem. pl. -as

   met.      metallurg/y, -ical, -ist, metronome

   meta-     (chem. prefix) (ital.)

   metal/, -led, -ling, -lize
             not -ise

   metallurg/y, -ical, -ist
             abbr. met.  or metall.

   metal rule
             (typ.), a type-high strip of metal for printing a line on paper:
             en rule, em rule, two-em rule, and longer

   metamorphos/e
             to transform, not -ise, -ize; noun -is, pl. -es

   metaph.   metaphys/ics, -ical, -ically, -ician, metaphor, -ical, -ically

   meteor.   meteorology

   meter     measuring device

   Meth.     Methodist

   methodize not -ise

   m‚tier    (Fr. m.), a handicraft

   metonymy  naming of thing by its attribute; metonym, word thus used; abbr.
             meton.

   metre/    SI unit of length, 39.37 in.; abbr. m. (but no point in
             scientific and technical work); -age, number of metres, not
             -rage

   M‚tro (Le)
             (no point), abbr. of Le M‚tropolitain, the Paris underground
             railway

   metrology science of weights and measures; abbr. metrol.

   metronome (mus.), instrument for fixing tempos; abbr. M. or met.;
             Maelzel's --, MM

   metronymic
             name taken from female ancestor, not ma-

   metropol/is
             pl. -ises; -itan; abbr.  metrop.

   meubl/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, furnished

   meum/     (Lat.), mine; -- and tuum, mine and thine, not et tuum

   Meuse     river of France, Belgium, and Netherlands; in Du. Maas

   MeV       mega-electron-volt; meV, milli-electron-volt

   mews      a street of stables converted into garages or houses; pl. same

   Mex.      Mexic/o, -an

   Meynell (Alice)
             1847-1922, English poet; -- (Sir Francis), 1891-1975, English
             typographer; -- (Wilfrid), 1852-1948, English writer

   Meyringen use Mei-

   MEZ       (Ger.), Mitteleuropaische Zeit, time of the Middle European
             zone, one hour in advance of GMT

   mezereon  (bot.), a spring-flowering shrub, not -eum

   mezzanine a low storey between two others

   mezza voce
             (It. mus.), not with full strength of sound, abbr. m.v.

   mezzo/    short for mezzo-soprano, pl.  -s

   mezz/o    (It. mus.), fem. -a, half, medium; abbr. M.

   mezzo-rilievo
             half-relief

   mezzo-soprano
             (mus., hyphen)

   mezzotint (typ.), intaglio illustration process from a roughened plate

13.7 MF...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MF        (paper) machine finish; medium frequency; (typ.) modern face

   mf        (mus.), mezzo forte (fairly loud)

   mfd.      manufactured

   mfg.      manufacturing

   MFH       Master of Foxhounds

   M.F.Hom.  Member of the Faculty of Homoeopathy

   M.Fr.     Middle French

   mfr.      manufactur/e, -er

   mfrs.     manufactur/ers, -es

   m.ft.     mistura fiat (let a mixture be made)

13.8 MG...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MG        (Fr. mus.), main gauche (left hand); (paper) machine glazed;
             machine-gun; Morris Garages

   Mg        magnesium (no point)

   mg        milligram (no point in scientific and technical work)

   MGB       USSR "Ministry of State Security", 1946-53. See also NKGB

   M.Glam.   Mid Glamorgan

   MGM       Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

   M.Gr.     Middle Greek

   Mgr.      Manager, Monsignor, Monseigneur, pl. Mgrs.

13.9 MH...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MH        Master of Hounds (usu. beagles or harriers)

   MHG       Middle High German

   MHK       Member of the House of Keys (I.o.M.)

   mho       (elec.), unit of conductance.  See also ohm

   M.Hon.    Most Honourable

   Mhow      Madhya Pradesh, India. See also Mau

   MHR       Member of the House of Representatives

   MHz       megahertz, a million hertz (no point, two caps.)

13.10 MI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MI        Michigan (off. postal abbr.), Military Intelligence, Mounted
             Infantry

   M.I.5     Secret Service Division; M.I.6, Espionage Department

   MIAE      Member of the Institute of Automobile Engineers

   M.I.Ae.E. Member of the Institute of Aeronautical Engineers

   miasm/a   (Gr.), noxious emanation; pl. -ata

   M.I.Biol. Member of the Institute of Biology

   Mic.      Micah (OT)

   micaceous pertaining to mica, not -ious

   Micawber/ (Wilkins)
             in Dickens's David Copperfield; -ish, unpractical but hopeful;
             -ism

   MICE      Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers

   Mich.     Michaelmas; Michigan (off.  abbr.)

   Michelangelo Buonarroti
             1475-1564, Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet (two
             words, not three)

   Michelson/ (Albert Abraham)
             1852-1931, German-American physicist; ---Morley experiment

   M.I.Chem.E.
             Member of the Institution of Chemical Engineers

   Michener (James Albert)
             b. 1907, US novelist

   Michigan  off. abbr. Mich. or (postal) MI

   mickey    (to take the -- out of), to make fun of, not micky

   Mickey Finn
             (US), a drugged drink

   Mickiewicz (Adam)
             1798-1855, Polish poet

   Micmac    a tribe of N. American Indians (one word)

   micro-    prefix meaning very small, or one-millionth, e.g.  microhm,
             micrometre (preferred to micron), microvolt

   microchip (one word)

   microcosm the little world. See also macrocosm

   microfiche
             a sheet of film, suitable for filing, containing
             microphotographs of pages of book etc.; pl. same

   microfilm film bearing microphotographs

   microgram one-millionth of a gram

   micrography
             description or delineation of microscopic objects

   microgroove
             of gramophone record (one word)

   micrometer
             instrument for measuring minute distances or angles. See also
             micrometre, under micro-

   micromillimetre
             or millimicron, use nanometre, abbr. nm

   micron    but prefer micrometre, q.v.  under micro-

   Micronesia
             islands north of Melanesia

   micro-organism
             (hyphen)

   microphotograph
             a photograph reduced to microscopic size; do not use for
             photomicrograph, q.v.

   microprocessor
             (one word)

   micros.   microscop/y, -ist

   microsecond
             one-millionth of a second

   microwave oven
             (two words)

   mid.      middle

   midbrain  (one word)

   Mid Calder
             Lothian (caps., no hyphens)

   midday    (one word)

   middle    abbr. M. or mid.

   middle age
             (two words), but middle-aged (hyphen)

   Middle Ages (the)
             roughly from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the
             Renaissance and the Reformation (two words, caps.)

   middle class
             (hyphen as adj.)

   Middle English
             abbr. ME

   middleman (one word)

   Middlesbrough
             Cleveland, not -borough

   Middlesex former county of England, abbr. Middx.

   Middleton (Baron)
             family name Willoughby; -- (Thomas), ?1570-1627, English
             playwright. See also Midleton, Mydd-

   Middle West
             see Midwest

   Middx.    Middlesex

   middy     loose blouse, (colloq.)  midshipman

   midfield  (noun and adj., one word)

   Mid Glamorgan
             county of Wales

   midi      dress etc. of medium length

   midinette Parisian shop-girl (not ital.)

   Midland Bank, Ltd.


   Mid Lent  fourth Sunday in Lent (caps., no hyphen)

   Midleton (Viscount)
             family name Brodrick. See also Midd-, Mydd-

   Midlothian
             former county of Scotland (one word)

   mid/night, -rib, -ship
             (one word)

   Midsomer Norton
             Avon

   midsummer (one word)

   Midsummer Day
             24 June (two words, caps.)

   midway    (one word)

   Midwest   the North-Central states of US (one word). Also Middle West (two
             words)

   midwi/fe  pl. -ves; -fery

   midwinter (one word)

   MIEE      Member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers

   Miehle    (typ.), Chicago firm of press-builders, now also manufacturing
             in England

   Miers (Sir Henry Alexander)
             1858-1942, English mineralogist. See also Myers, Myres

   Mies van der Rohe (Ludwig)
             1886-1969, US architect

   mightest  not mightst

   mightn't  to be printed close up

   mignonette
             a fragrant plant; in Fr.  f. mignonnette

   migraine  a severe headache (not ital.)

   Mihailovich (Drazha)
             1893-1946, Yugoslav soldier

   mihrab    niche in mosque, not me-, mirh-

   MIJ       use MJI

   mijnheer  ordinary Dutch form of mynheer as title

   mil       one-thousandth of an inch (no point)

   mil.      military, militia

   Milan     Italy; in It. Milano

   mile/     -s, abbr. m., mls.; geogr. or naut. --, 6,080 feet; statute --,
             280 feet; in Fr. m. mille/, -s

   mileage   number of miles, not milage

   Milesian  (inhabitant) of anc.  Miletus in Asia Minor; (joc.)  Irishman

   milestone (one word)

   milieu/   environment (not ital.), pl. -x. See also le juste milieu

   military  abbr. mil.

   Military Academy
             abbr. MA

   militia   abbr. M. or mil.

   milk/ bar, -- chocolate
             (two words)

   milk-float
             (hyphen)

   milkman   (one word)

   milk/ pudding, -- round, run, --
             shake (two words)

   milksop   (one word)

   Milky Way (astr.) (caps.)

   mill      abbr. m.

   Mill      (James), 1773-1836, Scottish historian and economist; -- (John
             Stuart), 1806-73, his son, English economist and polit.
             philosopher

   Millais (Sir John Everett)
             1829-96, English painter

   Millay (Edna St Vincent)
             1892-190, US poet

   mille/    (Fr. m.), a thousand (no s in plural), abbr. M.; also a mile,
             pl.  s; ---feuille (f.), a confection

   millenar/y
             of a thousand; (celebration of) the thousandth anniversary; adj.
             -ian

   millennium/
             a thousand years, pl.  -s (two ls, two ns)

   mille passus
             (Lat.), 1,000 paces of five feet, or the Roman mile; abbr.  MP

   millepede (zool.), not -ed, milli-

   Millers Dale
             Derby. (no apos.)

   Milles-Lade
             family name of Earl Sondes. See also Mills

   Millet (Aim‚)
             1819-91, French sculptor; -- (Jean-Fran‡ois), 1814-75, French
             painter

   milli-    prefix meaning one-thousandth, abbr. m, e.g.  milliampere, mA

   milliard  a thousand millions

   millibar  unit of pressure, one-thousandth of a bar; abbr. mbar, or mb in
             meteor. usage (no point)

   milligram one-thousandth of a gram, 0.015 grain; abbr. mg (no point in
             scientific and technical work), not -gramme

   millilitre
             one-thousandth of a litre; abbr. ml (no point in scientific and
             technical work)

   millimetre
             one-thousandth of a metre, 0.039 inch; abbr. mm. (but no point
             in scientific and technical work)

   millimicron
             use nanometre

   million   abbr. m. For millions of pounds use, for example, њ150m.

   millionaire
             not -onnaire

   millipede use mille-

   Mills     family name of Baron Hillingdon. See also Milles-Lade

   Milngavie Strathclyde

   Milo      It. for Melos, Gr. island, esp. in Venus de Milo

   M.I.Loco.E.
             Member of the Institute of Locomotive Engineers

   milt      spleen, not melt

   Milton Keynes
             Bucks., "new town", 1967

   Milwaukee Wis., US

   M.I.Mech.E.
             Member of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers

   mimic/, -ked, -king


   M.I.Min.E.
             Member of the Institution of Mining Engineers

   MIMM      Member of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy

   min.      minim, minimum, mining, minister, ministry, minor; minute(s)
             (but no point in scientific and technical work)

   mina/     a starling of SE Asia, pl.  -s, not myn-, -ah; anc. Gr. unit of
             weight and currency, pl. -e

   minac/ious
             threatening; -ity

   minatory  threatening

   minauderie
             affected, simpering behaviour (not ital.)

   mincemeat (one word)

   mince pie (two words)

   Mindanao  one of the Philippine Islands, not -oa

   Mindererus/
             Latinized name of R. M.  Minderer (c.1570-1621), German
             physician; -- spirit, a diaphoretic

   mineralog/y, -ical
             abbr. mineral., (of) the study of minerals; not minerolog/ical,
             -y

   minever   use mini-

   mingy     mean, not -ey

   Mini      propr. term for car made by British Leyland (cap.)

   mini      in gen. senses, esp. short skirt (not cap.)

   mini/bus, -cab, -car
             (one word)

   Mini‚ (Claude ђtienne)
             1814-79, inventor of rifle, etc.

   minikin   a diminutive person or thing. See also manakin, manikin

   minim     a drop, one-sixtieth of fluid drachm; abbr. min.  (See Figure 2
             in topic FRONT_4)

   minimize  not -ise

   minim/um  pl. -a (not ital.); abbr.  min.

   mining    abbr. min.

   minion    (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 7 pt.

   miniscule use minuscule

   miniskirt (one word)

   minister  abbr. min.

   minium    red oxide of lead

   miniver   a fur, not -ever

   Minn.     Minnesota (off. abbr.)

   Minneapolis
             Minn., US

   Minnehaha wife of Hiawatha

   minnesinger
             one of a school of medieval German lyric poets (not ital.)

   Minnesota off abbr. Minn. or (postal) MN

   Minoan    pertaining to the civilization of ancient Crete (from King
             Minos)

   minor     abbr. min., (in Peerage) M.

   Minorca   Balearic Is.; in Sp.  Menorca

   Minories  a street in London

   Minotaur  monstrous offspring of a bull and Pasipha‰, wife of King Minos

   Min./ Plen.
             or Plenip., Minister Plenipotentiary; -- Res., ditto
             Residentiary

   M.Inst.P. Member of the Institute of Physics

   Mint (the)
             (cap.)

   minthe    use menthe

   minuet    a dance, or its music, not -ette

   minus/    less, sign -; a negative quantity, a disadvantage, pl. -es

   minuscule a small, or lower-case, letter, (adj.) tiny, not mini-

   minute/, -s
             abbr. m. or min. (but no point in scientific and technical
             work), sign '; -- mark ('), symbol for feet, minutes, also
             placed after a syllable on which the stress falls

   minuti/ae small details; sing. -a (not ital.)

   MIOB      Member of the Institute of Building

   Miocene   (geol.) (cap., not ital.)

   mi/osis   contraction of the pupil of the eye, not my-; adj. -otic

   MIPA      Member of the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising

   mirabile/ dictu
             (Lat.), wonderful to relate; -- visu, ditto see

   Mirat     use Meerut

   mirepoix  (Fr. cook. m.), saut‚d chopped vegetables

   mirhab    use mihrab

   mirky     dark, use murky

   Mirў (Joan)
             b. 1893, Spanish painter

   MIRV      multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicle

   miry      mirelike, not -ey

   Mirzapur  Uttar Pradesh, India, not -pore

   mis/advice
             bad counsel; -advise, to give it (one word)

   misalliance
             marriage with a social inferior, not m‚salliance

   misandry  hatred of men

   misc.     miscellaneous, miscellany

   miscegenation
             interbreeding between White and non-White

   miscellanea
             miscellanies, is pl.

   mischievous
             not -ious

   miscible  capable of being mixed, esp. in scientific and technical
             contexts. See also mixable

   misdemeanour
             not -or

   mise-en-scЉne
             (Fr. f.), scenery, stage-effect

   misЉre    declaration of no tricks in cards

   Miserere  (musical setting of) the 50th Psalm of the Vulgate

   miserere  properly misericord, bracket on turn-up seat used as support for
             person standing

   misfeasance
             a wrongful act; (law) a trespass

   mishmash  mixture (one word)

   Mishna/h  a collection of Jewish precepts; adj. -ic

   misle     use mizzle

   misletoe  use mistle-

   misogam/y hatred of marriage; -ist

   misogyn/y hatred of women; -ist

   misprint  (typ.), a typographical error

   misprision
             (law), wrong act or omission

   Miss      (cap. as title, no point)

   Miss.     Mission, -ary; Mississippi, US (off. abbr.)

   missel-thrush
             not mistle-

   misseltoe use mistle-

   mis/send, -sent
             (one word)

   misshape/, -n
             (one word)

   Mission/, -ary
             abbr. Miss.

   missis    slang for Mrs (q.v.), not -us

   Mississippi
             river and State, US; off. abbr. Miss. or (postal) MS

   Missolonghi
             Greece

   Missouri  river and State, US; off.  abbr. Mo. or (postal) MO

   mis/spell, -spend, -spent, -state
             (one word)

   missus    use missis

   mist      (meteor.), abbr. m.

   mistakable
             not -eable

   Mister    abbr. Mr

   Mistinguett
             (pseud. of Jeanne Marie Bourgeois), 1875-1956, French
             entertainer, not -e

   mistle    use mizzle

   mistle-thrush
             use missel-

   mistletoe not missel-, misle-

   Mistral (Fr‚d‚ric)
             1830-1914, Proven‡al poet; -- (Gabriela), 1889-1957, pseud. of
             Lucila Godoy de Alcayaga, Chilean poet

   mistral   (Fr. m.), cold NW wind in S.  France

   Mistress  abbr. Mrs

   M.I.Struct.E.
             Member of the Institution of Structural Engineers

   MIT       Massachusetts Institute of Technology

   Mithra/s  Persian sun-god; -ic, -ism

   Mithridates
             (VI, 136-63 BC), King of Pontus, not Mithra-

   Mitilini  see Mytilene

   mitre/-block, -board, -box
             (hyphens)

   mitring   not mitreing

   Mitterrand (Fran‡ois)
             b. 1916, Pres. of France 1981-

   mixable   in gen. use, not -ible See also miscible

   mizen/    the aftermost of the fore-and-aft sails; -mast, the aftermost
             mast of a three-masted ship; not mizz-

   Mizen Head
             Co. Cork

   mizzle    fine rain, not misle, mistle

13.11 MJI
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MJI       Member of the Institute of Journalists, not MIJ

13.12 Mk....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Mk.       identifying a particular design, as Mk. I; mark (Ger. coin), use
             RM or DM

   m.k.s.    metre-kilogram-second system

   mkt.      market

13.13 ML...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ML        Licentiate in Midwifery, Medieval Latin, Middle Latin, motor
             launch

   Ml.       mail

   ml.       millilitre, -s (no point in scientific and technical work)

   MLA       Member of the Legislative Assembly, Modern Languages Association

   MLC       Member of the Legislative Council

   MLG       Middle Low German

   M.Litt.   Master of Letters

   Mlle, -s  Mademoiselle, Mesdemoiselles (no point)

   MLR       minimum lending rate

   MLS       Member of the Linnean Society (off. spelling), not Linnaean

   mls.      miles

13.14 MM...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MM        2,000, Military Medal, (mus.)  Maelzel's metronome, (Their)
             Majesties, (Fr.) Messieurs

   mm.       millimetre, -s (but no point in scientific and technical work)

   m.m.      mutatis mutandis (with the necessary changes)

   Mme       (Fr.), Madame, pl. Mmes (no point)

   m.m.f.    magnetomotive force

   M.Mus.    Master of Music

13.15 MN...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MN        Merchant Navy, Minnesota (off.  postal abbr.)

   Mn        manganese (no point)

   Mn.       Modern (with names of languages)

   Mnemosyne (Gr. myth.), goddess of memory, mother of Muses

13.16 MO...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   MO        mass observation, Medical Officer, Missouri (off. postal abbr.),
             money order

   Mo        molybdenum (no point)

   Mo.       Missouri (off. abbr.)

   mob/, -bed, -bing


   mobilize  not -ise

   M”bius (August Ferdinand)
             1790-1868, German mathematician, discoverer of the -- strip

   moccasin  American Indian shoe, N.  American venomous snake, not the many
             variants

   Mocha     Arabian port on Red Sea, moss agate

   mocha     coffee, sheepskin (not cap.)

   mock turtle soup
             (three words)

   M.o.D.    Ministry of Defence, including, from 1964, the Admiralty, the
             War Office, and the Air Ministry

   MOD       Ministry of Overseas Development; more usually ODM

   mod.      moderate, modern

   mod.      moderato (mus.)

   mode      (Fr. m.), method, (gram.) mood; (f.) fashion

   model/, -led, -ler, -ling


   moderate  abbr. mod.

   moderato  (mus.), in moderate time; abbr. mod.

   modern    abbr. mod. or Mn.  (q.v.)

   modern face
             (typ.), a type design with contrasting thick and thin strokes
             and serifs at right-angles, abbr. MF

   modern figures
             (typ.), see numerals

   modernize not -ise

   modicum/  a small quantity; pl. -s (not ital.)

   modif/y, -iable, -ied, -ier, -ying


   Modigliani (Amedeo)
             1884-1920, Italian painter and sculptor

   modiste   a milliner, dressmaker (not ital.)

   modo praescripto
             (Lat.), as directed

   Mods.     Moderations, the First Public Examination at Oxford University

   modus/ operandi
             (Lat.), a plan of working; -- vivendi, a way of living, a
             temporary compromise

   Mo‰t et Chandon
             champagne manufacturers

   moeurs    (Fr. f. pl.), manners, customs

   Mogadishu Somalia

   Mogul     a Mongolian, not Mog/hal, -hul, Mughal

   MOH       Master of Otter Hounds, Medical Officer of Health

   Mohammed  the Prophet, use Mahomet (trad. Eng. form) or Muhammad (correct)

   Mohammedan
             use Muhammadan. See also Islam, Muslim

   Mohave Desert
             use Moj-

   Mohawk    N. Amer. Indian, not Mohock

   Mohegan   (member of) eastern branch of Mahican Indian tribe, formerly in
             lower Conn. and Mass., US

   Mohican   (member of) western branch of Mahican Indian tribe, formerly on
             both sides of the Hudson River, US

   Mohocks   London ruffians (18th c.)

   moire     (noun), a watered fabric, usu.  silk, orig. mohair (not ital.)

   moir‚     (adj.), (of silk etc.)  watered; (noun) the watered surface (not
             ital.)

   mois      (Fr. m.), month, abbr. m (no point). See also month

   Mojave Desert
             Calif., US, not Moh-

   mol       (chem.), abbr. of mole, q.v.

   molar     (chem.), abbr. M

   molasses  syrup from sugar, not moll-

   Mold      Clwyd

   Moldavia  a Soviet Socialist Republic. See also USSR

   mole      (chem.), SI unit of amount of substance; abbr. mol

   MoliЉre   pseud. of Jean Baptiste Poquelin, 1622-73, French playwright

   moll      (Ger. mus.), minor

   mollah    use mu-

   mollasses use mola-

   Moln r (Ferenc)
             1878-1952, Hungarian playwright

   Moloch    Canaanite idol to whom children were sacrificed (often fig.),
             not -eck

   Moltke (Count Helmuth Karl Bernard von)
             1800-91, Prussian field marshal; -- (Helmuth Johannes Ludwig
             von), 1848-1916, his nephew, German general in First World War

   molto     (mus.), much, very

   mol. wt.  molecular weight

   molybdenum
             symbol Mo

   Mombasa   Kenya, not -assa

   moment/um impetus, mass x velocity; pl. -a (not ital.)

   Mommsen (Theodor)
             1817-1903, German historian

   Mon.      Monday

   Monaco    principality adjoining Mediterranean France; adj.  Monegasque

   Mona Lisa portrait by Leonardo da Vinci, also called La Gioconda

   mon/ ami  (Fr.), fem. -- amie, my friend

   monaural  of reproduction of sound by one channel. Also monophonic

   M”nchen-Gladbach
             W. Germany

   mon cher  (Fr. m.), fem. ma chЉre, my dear

   Monck     (Viscount); -- (George, Duke of Albemarle), 1608-70, English
             general. See also Monk

   Monckton (Lionel)
             1861-1924, English composer; -- (Walter Turner, Viscount),
             1891-1963, British lawyer and politician

   Moncreiff (Baron)


   Moncreiffe of that Ilk (Sir Rupert Iain Kay, Bt.)


   Moncrieff the more usual spelling

   Moncton   NB, Canada

   Monday    abbr. M. or Mon.

   Mondrian (Pieter Cornelis)
             1872-1944, Dutch painter

   Mon‚gasque
             see Monaco

   Monet     (Claude Oscar), 1840-1926, French painter

   monetar/y, -ist


   money/    pl. --s, -ed, not monied; -- order, abbr. MO (no point). See
             also numerals

   Monghyr   Bihar, India

   Mongol    member of Asian people

   mongol/, -ism
             (one suffering from) congenital mental deficiency (not cap.)

   mongoos/e an Indian animal, pl.  -es, not mun-

   Monk Bretton (Baron).
             See also Monck

   Mono      see Monotype

   mono/     short for monaural; as noun, pl. -s

   monochrom/e
             (picture) in one colour (one word); -atic

   monocle   a single eyeglass

   monocoque/
             aircraft or vehicle with body of single rigid structure, pl.  -s

   monogam/y marriage with one person; -ous

   monogyny  marriage with one wife

   monophonic
             see monaural

   Monophoto (typ.), propr. term for (computer-driven) filmsetting systems
             adapted from Monotype principles

   monopol/ism, -ist, -istic, -ize, -y


   Monotype  (typ.), propr. term for a composition system, using separate
             keyboard and caster, for casting single types; abbr. Mono

   Monroe Doctrine
             that European powers should not interfere in American affairs,
             from James Monroe, 1758-1831, US president

   Mons      Belgium

   Mons.     this abbr. for Monsieur is regarded as incorrect in France

   Monseigneur
             (Fr.), abbr. Mgr.; pl.  Messeigneurs, abbr. Mgrs. See also
             Monsignor

   Monserrat Spain. See also Mont-

   Monsieur/ (Fr.), Mr, Sir, abbr. (to be used in third person only) M; pl.
             Messieurs, abbr. MM.; -- Chose, Mr So-and-so. See also Mons.

   Monsignor/
             RCC title, abbr. Mgr.; pl. -s, abbr. Mgrs.; It. -e, pl. -i

   mons Veneris
             rounded mass of fat on woman's abdomen above vulva (one cap.)

   Mont.     Montana (off. abbr.)

   montage   mounting photographs and other objects on a surface to make a
             design; selecting, cutting, and combining separate "shots" to
             make a continuous film

   Montagu of Beaulieu (Baron)


   Montagu (Lady Mary Wortley)
             1689-1762, English writer

   Montague  Romeo's family in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet

   Montaigne (Michel Eyquem de)
             1533-92, French essayist

   Montana   off. abbr. Mont. or (postal) MT

   Mont Blanc
             (caps.)

   mont-de-pi‚t‚
             (Ft. m.), Government pawnshop; pl.  monts------ (hyphens)

   Monte Cristo
             not -- Christo

   Montefiascone
             Italian wine, not -sco (one word)

   Montenegr/o
             republic of Yugoslavia; adj. -in

   Monterey  Calif., US

   Monte Rosa
             Switzerland (caps., two words)

   Monterrey Mexico

   Montesquieu (Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de)
             1689-1755, French jurist and philos. writer

   Monteverdi (Claudio Giovanni
             Antonio), 1567-1643, Italian composer

   Montevideo
             cap. of Uruguay (one word)

   Montgomerie
             family name of Earl of Eglinton; -- (Alexander), 1556-1610,
             Scottish poet

   Montgomery
             second title of Earl of Pembroke, town and former county in
             Wales, also towns in Ala. and W.Va., US, and Pakistan

   Montgomery of Alamein (Bernard Law Viscount)
             1887-1976, British field marshal in Second World War.

   month/, -s
             abbr. m.; -- (day of the), to be thus, 25 Jan., not Jan.  25.
             When necessary, months to be abbreviated thus: Jan., Feb., Mar.,
             Apr., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov., Dec.; May, June, July to remain
             in full. In Fr. the names of months do not take caps., as
             janvier

   Montpelier
             Vermont, US

   Montpellier
             d‚p. H‚rault, France

   Mont-Saint-Michel
             d‚p. Manche, France (caps., hyphens); in Cornwall, Mount Saint
             Michael, use St Michael's Mount

   Montserrat
             Leeward Islands. See also Mons-

   Montyon prizes
             of French Academy, not Month-

   Moodkee   use Mudki

   Moog synthesizer
             propr. term for electronic musical instrument (one cap.)

   Mooltan   use Mu-

   moolvi/   Muslim doctor of the law, pl. -s, not -vee, -vie

   moon      cap. only in astronomical contexts and in a list of planets;
             abbr. m.  (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

   moon/beam, -light, -lit
             (one word)

   moonshee  Indian writer or teacher, not munshi

   moonshine (one word)

   Moore (George)
             1852-1933, Irish novelist; -- (Sir John), 1761-1809, British
             general, killed at Corunna; -- (Thomas), 1779-1852, "the bard of
             Erin". See also More

   Moosonee  (Abp. of), Ontario, Canada

   mop/e, -ed, -ing, -ish


   Mor.      Morocco

   moral     (adj.) concerned with principles of right and wrong (e.g.  --
             philosophy), virtuous (opp. to immoral); (noun) a moral lesson
             or principle, in Fr. f. morale

   morale    state of mind, in respect of confidence and courage, of groups
             of combatants or others under stress; in Fr. m. moral

   moralize  not -ise

   moratori/um
             pl. -ums

   Moray     former Scottish county, not Morayshire; -- (Earl of)

   morbidezza
             (It. art), extreme delicacy

   morbilli  (med.), measles, not -bilia

   morbus    (cholera) (not ital.)

   morceau/  (Fr. m.), a morsel, also a short mus. piece; pl. -x

   mordant   biting; (substance) fixing dye

   mordent   (mus.), a type of ornament

   more      (Lat.), in the manner of

   More (Hannah)
             1745-1833, English religious writer; -- (Sir Thomas), 1478-1535,
             English writer, canonized 1935. See also Moore

   moreish   so pleasant one wants more, not -rish

   morel     an edible fungus, nightshade, not -lle

   morello/  bitter dark cherry, pl. -s

   more majorum
             (Lat.), in the style of one's ancestors

   morendo   (mus.), dying away

   mores     (Lat. pl.), social customs and conventions

   moresco   an Italian dance (not cap.). See also Morisco

   Moresque  Moorish, not Mau-

   more suo  (Lat.), in his, or her, own peculiar way

   Moretonhampstead
             Devon (one word)

   Moreton-in-Marsh
             Glos. (hyphens, not -in-the-Marsh)

   morganatic marriage
             between royalty and commoner, the children being legitimate but
             not heirs to the higher rank (not cap.)

   morgue    a mortuary

   morgue    (Fr. f.), haughtiness

   Morisco/  Moorish, a Moor, pl. -s.  See also moresco

   Morison (James)
             1816-93, Scottish founder of the Evangelical Union, 1843; --
             (James Augustus Cotter), 1832-88, English hist. writer; --
             (Stanley), 1889-1967, typographer

   Morisot (Berthe)
             1841-95, French Impressionist painter

   Morland (George)
             1763-1804, English painter

   Mormon    member of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (not -an)

   morn.     morning

   Mornay (Duplessis-)
             1549-1623, French Huguenot leader

   mornay    (cook.), sauce flavoured with cheese

   Morny (duc de)
             1811-65, French statesman

   Morocc/o  abbr. Mor.; adj.  -an; not Ma-; indep. 1956

   morocco leather
             (bind.) (not cap.); french -- --, a low grade with small grain;
             levant -- --, high grade with large grain; persian -- --, the
             best, usu. finished on the grain side

   morph.    morphology, the study of forms (bot. or linguistics)

   Morpheus  god of sleep, not -aeus

   morphia   a drug (pop. for morphine)

   Morrell (Lady Ottoline)
             1873-1938, English hostess

   Morris (Gouverneur)
             1752-1816, US statesman, and his great-grandson, 1876-1953, US
             writer; -- (William), 1834-96, English craftsman, poet, and
             socialist; -- (William Richard, Lord Nuffield), 1877-1963,
             English industrialist and philanthropist

   morris dance
             (two words, not cap.)

   mortgag/ee
             the creditor in a mortgage; -er, the debtor; in law, -or

   mortice   use -ise

   mortis causa
             (Lat., Sc. law), in contemplation of death

   mortise/  hole for receiving tenon in joint; -- lock, one recessed in
             frame etc. (two words), not -ice

   Morton/ (John)
             c.1420-1500, English statesman, deviser of --'s Fork

   Morvan (Le)
             French district

   Morven    Grampian

   Morvern   Highland

   MOS       (comp.), metal oxide semiconductor

   Mosaic    of Moses

   mosaic/   representation using inlaid pieces of glass, stone, etc.; as
             verb -ked, -king; -ist, maker of mosaics

   Moscow    USSR, in Russ. Moskva

   Moseley   a Birmingham suburb. See also Mosl-

   Moseley (Henry Gwyn Jeffreys)
             1887-1915, English physicist

   Moselle   river, France-Germany; in Ger. Mosel

   moselle   a white wine (not cap.)

   Moslem    use Muslim

   Mosley (Sir Oswald Ernald, Bt.)
             1896-1980, English politician. See also Mose-

   mosquito/ pl. -es, not mu-

   Mossley   Ches., Gr. Manch., Staffs.

   mosso     (mus.), "moved" (e.g. pi— mosso, more moved = quicker)

   Most High as Deity (caps.)

   Moszkowski (Moritz)
             1854-1925, Polish composer

   MOT       Ministry of Transport, now Department of Transport, but still
             used colloq. in MOT test for motor vehicles

   mot       (Fr. m.), a word; mot … mot, word for word, abbr. m. … m.

   Mother Carey's chicken
             the storm petrel

   Mother Hubbard
             a character in a nursery rhyme; a gown such as she wore

   Mother Hubberds Tale
             by Spenser, 1591

   Mothering Sunday
             fourth in Lent

   mother-in-law
             pl. mothers-in-law (hyphens)

   motherland
             (one word)

   mother-of-pearl
             (hyphens)

   mother tongue
             (two words)

   motif     dominant idea in artistic expression; ornament of lace, etc.
             (not ital.)

   motley    a mixture, not -ly

   moto/     (It. mus.), motion; -- continuo, constant repetition; --
             contrario, contrary motion; -- obbliquo, oblique motion; --
             perpetuo, a piece of music speeding without pause from start to
             finish; -- precedente, at the preceding pace; -- primo, at the
             first pace; -- retto, direct or similar motion

   motor/ bike, -- boat, -- car, -- coach, -- cycle
             (two words, hyphens when attrib.)

   motorized not -ised

   motorway  (one word)

   mottl/ed, -ing


   motto/    pl. -es

   motu proprio
             (Lat.), of his, or her, own accord

   mouezzin  use mue-

   moufflon  (Fr. m.), a wild sheep, not moufl-, muf-

   mouill‚   (Fr.), softened, wet, (phonet.) palatalized (of consonant)

   moujik    Russian peasant, not mujik, muzhik

   Moulmeia  Burma, not Maulmain

   moult     a shedding, not molt

   Mount/, -ain
             abbr. Mt., pl. Mts.

   Mountain Ash
             Mid Glam.

   Mount Auburn
             Mass., US, noted cemetery

   Mount Edgcumbe (Earl of)


   Mountevans (Baron)
             (one word)

   Mountgarret (Viscount)
             (one word)

   Mount Saint Michael
             Cornwall, use St Michael's Mount, in Fr. Mont-Saint-Michel, d‚p.
             Manche

   Mourne Mountains
             Ireland

   mousetrap (one word)

   moussaka  Gr. dish, not -s-

   mousseline/
             (Fr. f.) muslin-like fabric; -- de-laine, wool and cotton
             muslin; -- de-soie, muslin-like silk

   mousseu/x (Fr.), fem. -se, foaming, as wine

   moustache US mu-

   mousy     mouselike, not -ey

   mouth-organ
             (hyphen)

   mouth/piece
             -wash (one word)

   mouton    (Fr. m.), sheep, mutton

   movable   in legal work moveable

   moyen/    (Fr. m.), medium; -- ѓge (le), the Middle Ages

   moyenne   (Fr. f.), average

   Mozambi/que
             SE Africa, indep. 1975, in Port. Mo‡-; adj. -can

   Mozart/ (Wolfgang Amadeus)
             1756-91, Austrian composer; adj. -ian

13.17 MP...
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   MP        Madhya Pradesh (India), formerly Central Provinces, Member of
             Parliament (pl. MPs), Metropolitan Police, Military Police,
             mille passus (a thousand paces, the Roman mile)

   m.p.      melting-point

   mp        (mus.), mezzo piano (fairly soft)

   MPA       Master Printers Association

   m.p.g.    miles per gallon

   m.p.h.    miles per hour

   M.Phil.   Master of Philosophy

   MPO       Metropolitan Police Office ("Scotland Yard")

   MPS       Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain

13.18 MR...
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   MR        Master of the Rolls, Municipal Reform

   Mr        Mister, pl. Messrs

   MRA       Moral Re-Armament

   MRAC      Member of the Royal Agricultural College

   M.R.Ae.S. Member of the Royal Aeronautical Society

   MRAS      Member of the Royal Asiatic Society

   MRBM      medium-range ballistic missile

   MRC       Medical Research Council

   MRCO      Member of the Royal College of Organists

   MRCOG     Member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

   MRCP      Member of the Royal College of Physicians, London

   MRCS      Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England

   MRCVS     Member of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London

   MRE       Microbiological Research Establishment

   MRGS      Member of the Royal Geographical Society

   MRH       Member of the Royal Household

   MRI       Member of the Royal Institution

   MRIA      Member of the Royal Irish Academy

   MRIC      Member of the Royal Institute of Chemistry, now MRSC

   MRICS     Member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

   MRINA     Member of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects

   Mrs       Missis, Missus, which are corruptions of Mistress

   MRSC      Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry

   MRSH      Member of the Royal Society of Health

   MRSL      Member of the Royal Society of Literature

   MRSM      Member of the Royal Society of Medicine, ditto Royal Society of
             Musicians of Great Britain

   MRST      Member of the Royal Society of Teachers

13.19 MS...
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   MS        manuscriptum (manuscript), pl.  MSS (no point). See also
             manuscript

   MS        Master of Science, ditto Surgery, multiple sclerosis, (Lat.)
             memoriae sacrum (sacred to the memory of), Mississippi (off.
             postal abbr.), (It. mus.) mano sinistra (the left hand)

   Ms        title of woman whether or not married (no point)

   m/s       metres per second, SI unit of speed

   ms.       (Fr.), manuscrit (MS)

   MSA       Member of the Society of Apothecaries (of London), Mutual
             Security Agency

   M.Sc.     Master of Science

   MSH       Master of Staghounds

   MSI       (comp.), medium-scale integration

   MSIAD     Member of the Society of Industrial Artists and Designers

   m.s.l.    mean sea-level

   MSM       Meritorious Service Medal

   MSS       manuscripta (manuscripts). See also manuscript

   mss.      (Fr.), manuscrits (MSS)

13.20 MT...
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   MT        Masoretic Text (of OT), Mechanical (Motor) Transport, Montana
             (off.postal abbr.)

   Mt.       Mount, -ain

   MTB       motor torpedo-boat

   M.Th.     Master of Theology

   Mts.      Mounts, Mountains

13.21 mucus...
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   muc/us    slimy substance; adj.  -ous

   mud/dy    (verb), -died, -dying

   Muddiford Devon

   Mudeford  Dorset

   Mudford   Som.

   Mudki     E. Punjab, India, not Moodkee

   muesli    food of cereal and dried fruit, etc. (not ital.)

   muezzin   Muslim crier, not mou-

   muffetee  a wristlet

   muflon    use mou-

   mufti     (Arab.), a magistrate, not -tee (ital.)

   mufti (in)
             in civilian dress (not ital.)

   Mughal    use Mogul

   mugwump   an Indian chief one who thinks himself important, (US politics)
             a politician critical of his party

   Muhammad  now correct for Mohammed and the traditional English form
             Mahomet

   Muhammadan
             pertaining to, a follower of Muhammad; not Mahometan,
             Mohammedan. See also Muslim

   MЃhlhausen
             Thuringia, E. Germany

   mujik     Russian peasant, use moujik

   Mukden    China

   mulatto/  offspring of a European and a Black; pl. -s

   mulch     half-rotten vegetable matter, not -sh

   Mulhouse  Alsace, France; in Ger.  MЃlhausen

   mull      (bind.), coarse muslin glued to backs of books

   mullah    (Muslim), a learned man (not cap.), not moll-, mool-, -a

   mullein   tall yellow-flowered plant, not -en

   MЃller (Friedrich Max-)
             1823-1900, English philologist

   mulligatawny
             a soup, not muli-, mulla-

   mulsh     use mulch

   Multan    Pakistan, not Moo-

   Multatuli pseud. of Edward Dowes Dekker, 1820-87, Dutch writer

   multimillionaire
             a possessor of several millions (one word)

   multinational
             (one word) not multiple mark (typ.), the sign of multiplication
             x

   multiplepoinding
             (Sc. law), a process which safeguards a person from whom the
             same funds are claimed by more than one creditor (one word)

   multiplication point
             to be set medially, as mъs, metre-second

   multiracial
             (one word)

   multi-storey
             (hyphen)

   multum in parvo
             (Lat.), much in small compass

   mumbo-jumbo/
             an object of popular homage, meaningless ritual or language, pl.
             -s (hyphen)

   Munchausen (Baron)
             1720-97, Hanoverian nobleman whose extravagant adventures are
             the theme of Adventures of Baron Munchausen, collected by
             Rudolph Eric Raspe; in Ger. MЃnchhausen

   MЃnchen   Ger. for Munich

   mungoose  use mon-

   municipalize
             etc., not -ise

   Munnepoor use Manipur

   munshi    (Ind.), use moonshee

   Munster   Ireland

   MЃnster   W. Germany; Switzerland

   muntjak   a S. Asian deer, not -jac, -jack

   Muntz (metal)
             alloy of copper and zinc for sheathing ships, etc., not Muntz's

   Murdoch (Jean Iris)
             b. 1919, British writer; -- (John), 1747-1824, friend of Burns

   Murdock (William)
             1754-1839, inventor of coal-gas lighting, not -och

   murky     dark, not mi-

   Murray    the usual spelling, but see Murry

   MЃrren    Oberland, Switzerland

   murrhine  fluorspar ware; not murrine, myrrhine

   Murrumbidgee
             river in NSW, Australia

   Murry (John Middleton)
             1889-1957, English hist. writer, not -ay; -- (Kathleen), wife of
             above, see Mansfield

   Murshidabad
             W. Bengal, India

   mus.      museum, music, -al

   musaeo/graphy, -logy
             use museo-

   Musalman  use Mussul-

   Mus.B.    Musicae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Music)

   musc/a    (Lat a fly; pl. -ae

   Muscadet  a dry white wine from Brittany. See also muscatel

   Muscat    cap. of Oman, S. Arabia

   muscatel  general name for a wine made from the muscat-grape
             (musk-flavoured)

   Muschelkalk
             (geol.), shell lime-stone (cap.)

   Musc/i    the true mosses; sing. -us

   muscovado/
             unrefined sugar, pl. -s

   Mus.D.    Musicae Doctor (Doctor of Music)

   museo/graphy
             museum cataloguing; -logy, the science of arranging museums, not
             musae-

   Muses (the nine)
             Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polyhymnia,
             Terpsichore, Thalia, Urania

   museum    abbr. mus.

   Music     (Bachelor of), abbr. Mus.B., B.Mus.; -- (Doctor of), abbr.
             Mus.D., D.Mus.; -- (Master of), abbr. M.Mus. or (Camb.) Mus.M.

   music/, -al
             abbr. mus.; -- drama (two words); ---hall, -paper, -stool
             (hyphens)

   Musigny   a red burgundy

   musique concrЉte
             (Fr. f.), music constructed from recorded sounds

   musjid    use mas-

   Muslim    (a member) of the faith of Islam, q.v.; not Moslem. Preferred to
             Muhammadan in general usage, as connoting the religion rather
             than the prophet

   muslin-de-lain
             use mousseline-de-laine

   Mus.M.    Master of Music (Cambridge)

   musquito  use mos-

   Mussalman use Mussul-

   Musselburgh
             Lothian, not -borough

   Mussorgsky (Modest Petrovich)
             1839-81, Russian composer

   Mussul/man
             a Muslim, from Pers.  Musulman, not the many variants; pl.
             -mans, not -men

   mustache  US for mous-

   Mustafa   Algeria

   Mustafabad
             Uttar Pradesh, India

   mustang   (Western US), small, half-wild horse

   mustn't   to be printed close up

   Musulman  Pers. form of Mussulman

   mutable   likely to change

   mutand/um (Lat.), anything to be altered; pl. -a

   mutatis mutandis
             (Lat.), with the necessary changes; abbr. m.m.

   mutato nomine
             (Lat.), with the name changed

   mutton    (typ.), colloquial term for an em quad

   "mutual" friend
             often objected to, though used by Burke, Dickens, Geo.  Eliot,
             and others; the alternative "common" can be ambiguous

   muu-muu   (Hawaiian), woman's loose-fitting dress

   Muybridge (Eadweard)
             1830-1904, English photographer

   Muzaffarabad
             Kashmir

   Muzaffarpur
             Bihar, India

   Muzak     propr. term for system of piped music (cap.)

   muzhik    Russian peasant, use moujik

13.22 MV...
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   MV        motor vessel, (or m.v.) muzzle velocity

   mV        (elec.), millivolt (no point)

   m.v.      (It. mus.), mezza voce

   MVD       USSR 'Ministry of Internal Affairs', 1953-60. See also KGB, NKVD

   MVO       Member (of fourth or fifth class) of the Royal Victorian Order

   M.V.Sc.   Master of Veterinary Science

13.23 MW...
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   MW        megawatt, Most Worshipful, -- Worthy

   mW        milliwatt (no point)

13.24 Mx
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Mx        maxwell (no point)

13.25 MY...
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   MY        motor yacht

   myalism   W. Indian witchcraft; adj.  myal

   myall     wild Australian Aboriginal, Australian acacia

   myceli/um (bot.), the thallus of a fungus; pl. -a

   Mycennean of Mycenae (anc. Greece) or its civilization

   Myddelton Square
             Clerkenwell, London. See also Mi-

   Myddleton (Sir Hugh)
             1560-1631, London merchant

   My dear Sir
             (in letters, two caps. only, comma at end)

   Myers (Frederic William Henry)
             1843-1901, English poet, essayist, spiritualist; -- (Leopold
             Hamilton), 1881-1944, English novelist. See also Miers, Myres

   myna      (bird), use mina

   mynheer   (Du.), Sir, Mr, in Du. mijnheer; a Dutchman

   myop/ia   shortness of sight; adj.  -ic

   myosis    use miosis

   myosotis  the forget-me-not

   Myres (Sir John Linton)
             1869-1954, English archaeologist.  See also Miers, Myers

   Myriapoda the centipedes and millepedes, not Myrio-

   myrobalan a plum, not -bolan

   myrrhine  use murrh-

   myrtle    not -tel

   Mysore    Deccan, India, not the more correct Maisur

   myst.     mysteries

   myth.     mytholog/y, -ical

   mythopoei/a
             construction of myths; -c, mythmaking, not -pae-, -pei-

   Mytilen/e Lesbos, Greece; adj.  -aean; Mitylene in NT; Mitilini, the
             modern city

   myxoedema metabolic disease, not myxed-

   myxomatosis
             a contagious and destructive infection of rabbits

14.0 N
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14.1 N...
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   N         (chess) knight, newton(s), nitrogen, the thirteenth in a series

   N.        Norse, north, -ern, (Lat.)  nom/en, -ina (name, -s), noster
             (our)

   (N.)      (naval), navigat/ing, ion

   n         (math.) an indefinite integer, whence (gen.) to the nth
             (degree); (as prefix) nano-

   n         (chem.), symbol for amount of substance

   n.        name, nephew, neutet, new, nominative, noon, note, noun

   n.        (Lat.), natus (born), nocte (at night)

   ¤         (Sp.), called "n with the tilde", or "Spanish n"; pron. as ni in
             onion; follows n without tilde in Spanish alphabetical sequence

14.2 NA...
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   NA        National Academ/y, -ician, Nautical Almanac, Naval Auxiliary,
             North America, -n

   Na        natrium (sodium) (no point)

   n/a       (banking), no account; not applicable, not available

   NAAFl, Naafi
             Navy, Army, and Air Force Institutes

   Naas      Co. Kildare; also Norway, the home of sloid, q.v.

   nabob     Muslim official under Mogul empire, a rich Anglo-Indian (orig.
             same as nawab, but now differentiated)

   Nabuchodonosor
             see Nebuchadnezzar

   nach      use nautch

   nach/ Christi Geburt, -- Christo
             (Ger.), An; abbr. n. Chr.

   Nachdruck (Ger. typ. m.), reprint, pirated edition; nachdrunken, to
             reprint, or pirate

   nach und nach
             (Ger. mus.), little by little

   nacre/    mother-of-pearl (not ital.); ad. -ous, not -tons

   nacr‚     (Fr.), like mother-of-pearl (ital.)

   nadir     the lowest point, opp. to zenith

   naev/us   a birthmark, pl. -i

   Naga Hills
             Assam, India and Burma

   Nagaland  Indian state

   Nagar     W. Bengal, Mysore, E. Punjab, Kashmir

   -nagar    (Indian suffix), a town, as Ahmadnagar, not -naggore, -nagore,
             -nugger, -ur

   Nagpur    Maharashtra, India, not -pore

   Nahum     OT, abbr. Nah.

   naiad/    river-nymph, not naid; pl.  -s or -es

   na‹f      artless, use na‹ve; in Fr.  na‹/f fem. -ve

   Naini Tal Uttar Pradesh, India

   nainsook  Indian muslin, not -zook

   Nairne (Baroness
             n‚e Caroline Oliphant), 1776-1845, Scottish poet

   Nairnshire
             former county, Scotland

   na‹ve/    artless, not nai-, na‹f; -ty

   na‹vet‚   (Fr. f), artlessness

   NALGO, Nalgo
             National and Local Government Officers' Association

   Nama      (S. Afr.), Hottentot tribesman

   namable   use name-

   Namaqualand
             (off spelling), S. Africa (one word)

   namby-pamby
             weakly sentimental (hyphen)

   name      abbr. n.

   nameable  not namable

   namely    preferred to viz.

   N. Amer.  North America(n)

   namesake  (one word)

   names of periodicals
             see periodicals

   names of persons and places
             initial letters to be capitalized, as John Smith, West Africa
             (see capitalization). They may undergo changes for political or
             other reasons, as when Saigon becomes Ho Chi Minh City, or Sir
             Francis Bacon becomes Baron Vetulam and then Viscount St.
             Albans. Names from countries where the Latin alphabet is not
             used need transliteration, and for most languages there is no
             universally accepted system; transliterated forms may therefore
             vary (see, e.g., Hart's Rules, p. 131, concerning Russian). The
             same applies to translated names (Ivan the Terrible or John the
             Dread).  For words derived from proper names, see Hart's Rules,
             pp.12-13

   names of ships
             (typ.), to be italic

   Namibia   formerly South West Africa

   N. & Q.   Notes and Queries

   nankeen   fabric, not -kin

   nano-     prefix meaning one-thousand-millionth (10 to the power of -9),
             abbr. n

   nanometre one-thousandth of a micrometre; abbr. nm;

   Nansen    (Fridtjof), 1861-1930, Norwegian Arctic traveller

   Nantasket Beach
             Mass., US

   Nantucket Island
             Mass., US

   Nap.      Napoleon

   nap/, -ped, -ping


   nap       a card game, a short sleep, pile in cloth

   naphtha   an inflammable oil

   naphthal/ene
             crystalline substance used in mfr. of dyes, etc.; adj.  -ic

   Napierian logarithms
             from John Napier, 1550-1617, Scottish mathematician; not -perian

   Naples    Italy, in It. Napoli

   napoleon  in Fr. m. napol‚on, 20-franc coin of Napoleon I

   napolitaine (… la)
             (Fr. cook.), in Neapolitan style (not cap. n)

   Narbada   Indian river, not Nerbudda

   narciss/us
             flower, pl. -i; -ism, admiration of one's own body

   narcos/is stupor induced by narcotics; pl. -es

   narghile  a hookah, not the many variants; in Pers. nargileh

   Narragansett Bay
             RI, US, not -et

   narrow measure
             (typ.), type composed in narrow widths, as in columns

   narrow-minded
             (hyphen)

   narwhal   the sea-unicorn, not -e, -wal; -- tusk, not horn

   NAS       National Association of Schoolmasters, Noise Abatement Society

   NASA      National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)

   nasalize  not -ise

   NASD      National Amalgamated Stevedores and Dockers

   Nash (Ogden)
             1902-71, US poet; -- (Richard, or "Beau"), 1674-1762, Bath
             Master of Ceremonies

   Nash or Nashe (Thomas)
             1567-1601, English pamphleteer and playwright

   Nasirabad Pakistan

   Nasmith (James)
             1740-1808, English theologian and antiquary

   Nasmyth (Alexander)
             1758-1840, Scottish painter; -- (James), 1808-90, Scottish
             engineer; Nasmyth hammer, not -th's

   nasturtium/
             (bot.), not -ian, -ion; pl. -s

   Nat.      Natal (prov. of S. Africa), Nathanael, -iel, National, -ist

   nat.      natural, -ist

   natch     colloq. for naturally. See also nautch

   nat. hist.
             natural history

   National/ abbr. Nat.; -- Academ/y, -ician, abbr. NA; -- Assemblies (see
             Assemblies); -- Graphical Association, abbr. NGA

   nationalist
             lower-case initial, but cap. with reference to a particular
             party or institution, abbr. Nat.

   nationalize
             not -ise

   National/ Engineering Laboratory
             East Kilbride, abbr. NEL; -- Physical Laboratory, Teddington,
             abbr. NPL

   National Westminster Bank, Ltd.


   nations and places
             words derived from, see capitalization and Hart's Rules, pp.
             12-13

   nation-wide
             (hyphen)

   NATO, Nato
             North Atlantic Treaty Organization

   nat./ ord.
             natural order; -- phil., -- philosophy

   natrium   sodium, symbol Na

   NATSOPA   National Society of Operative Printers, Graphical and Media
             Personnel

   nattier blue
             a soft blue, from Jean-Marc Nattier, 1685-1766, French painter

   natt/y    trim; -ier, -ily, -iness

   natura    (Lat.), nature

   natural/  abbr. nat.; -ism, moral or relig. system based on nature; -ist,
             one who believes in such; a student of plants or animals. See
             also naturism

   natural   (mus.), sign

   naturalize
             not -ise

   natura non facit salt/um, -us
             (Lat.), Nature makes no leap/, -s

   nature    the processes of the material world; cap. only when personified

   natur/ism worship of nature; (advocacy of) (collective) nudism; -ist. See
             also naturalism

   natus     (Lat.), born; abbr. n.

   naught    nothing. See also nought

   Nauheim (Bad)
             Hesse, W. Germany

   Nauru/, W.
             Pacific, indep. 1968; adj. -an

   nause/a   sickness; -ate, -ating, -ous

   Nausicaa  in Homer's Odyssey (no accent)

   nautch/   Indian dancing entertainment; -- -girl; not nach, natch

   nautical/ abbr. naut.; -- mile, (UK) 1,853.18 m., (international) 1,852 m.

   Nautical Almanac
             abbr. NA

   nautil/us a shell; pl. -uses or -i

   nav.      naval, navigation

   Navaho/   N. American Indian, not Navajo; pl. -s

   navarin   a stew of mutton or lamb

   Navarrese of Navarre

   navigat/ing, -ion
             abbr. (N.) or nav.

   Navy, Army, and Air Force
             in toasts, etc., the Navy precedes, being the senior service

   "Navy List"
             (two words)

   nawab     (hist.) Indian nobleman; distinguished Muslim in Pakistan.  See
             also nabob

   Naz/arene -arite, native of Nazareth, not -irite, q.v.

   Nazi      member of the German National Socialist Party; Nazism

   Nazirite  an anc. Hebrew who had taken vows of abstinence, not -arite,
             q.v.

14.3 NB...
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   NB        Nebraska (off postal abbr.), New Brunswick (Canada), North
             Britain (a name for Scotland, offensive to Scots), nota bene
             (Lat., mark well)

   Nb        niobium (no point)

   n.b.      (cricket), no ball

   NBA       net book agreement

   NBC       National Book Council, now NBL; National Bus Company

   n.b.g.    no bloody good

   NBL       National Book League

   NBS       National Broadcasting Service (of New Zealand)

14.4 NC...
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   NC        North Carolina (off. abbr.)

   NCB       National Coal Board

   NCCL      National Council for Civil Liberties

   n. Chr.   (Ger.), nach Christo or nach Christie Geburt, AD

   NCL       National Carriers, Ltd.

   NCO       non-commissioned officer

   NCR       no carbon (paper) required

   NCU       National Cyclists' Union

   NCW       National Council of Women

14.5 ND...
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   ND        North Dakota (off. postal abbr.)

   N.D.      (Fr.), Notre-Dame

   Nd        neodymium (no point)

   n.d.      (bibliog.), no date given

   N. Dak.   North Dakota (off. abbr.)

   Ndjamena  Chad

   NDL       Norddeutscher Lloyd

14.6 NE...
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   NE        new edition (also n/e), New England, north-east(ern)

   Ne        neon (no point)

   n‚        (Fr.),fem. n‚e, born

   n/e       (banking), no effects.See also NE

   Neal (Daniel)
             1678-1743 English Puritan writer; -- (John), 1793-1876, US
             writer

   Neale (John Mason)
             1818-66, English hymnologist

   Neanderthal/ man, -- skull
             names for palaeolithic fossil hominid identified in 1856 in
             valley of this name near DЃsseldorf, W.  Germany; -er, a
             Neanderthal man, not -tal-

   Neapolitan/
             (inhabitant) of Naples; -- ice, ice-cream layered in different
             colours; -- violet, kind of sweet-scented viola

   neap-tide tide of smallest range (hyphen)

   near      abbr. nr.; near by (adv., two words); nearby (adj., one word)

   Nearctic  (zool.), of northern N.  America, not Neoarctic

   neat-house
             shed for cattle (hyphen)

   neat's-foot oil
             (one hyphen)

   NEB       National Enterprise Board, New English Bible

   Nebraska  off. abbr. Nebr. or (postal) NB

   Nebuchad/nezzar
             king of Babylon, destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BC (Nabuchodonosor
             in AV Apocr. and in the Vulgate; -rezzar, in Jer. 43: 10, etc.)

   nebula/   pl. -e

   necess/ary, -ity


   Neckar    river, WЃrttemberg, W.  Germany

   Necker (Jacques)
             1732-1804, French statesman

   nec pluribus impar
             (Lat.), a match for many (motto of Louis XIV)

   NED       New English Dictionary, use OED (Oxford English Dictionary)

   NEDC      National Economic Development Council, colloq. Neddy

   NEDO      National Economic Development Office

   n‚e       (Fr. f.), born

   needlework
             (one word)

   Neele (Henry)
             1798-1828, English poet

   neelghau  an antelope, use nilgai

   ne'er/    never; -- -do-well (hyphens)

   ne exeat regno
             (law), a writ to restrain a person from leaving the kingdom

   nefasti (dies)
             (Lat.), blank days

   neg.      negative, -ly

   Negev (the)
             region of S. Israel, not -eb

   n‚glig‚   (Fr. m.), women's informal wear, a diaphanous dressing-gown, not
             negligee

   negligible
             not -eable

   negotiate not -ciate

   Negretti & Zambra
             instrument-makers, London

   Negrillo/ one of a dwarf Negro people in Cent. or S. Africa; pl.  -s
             (cap.)

   Negri Sembilaa
             see Malaya (Federation of)

   Negrito/  one of a dwarf Negroid people in the Malayo-Polynesian region;
             pl. -s (cap.)

   Negritude quality of being a Negro (cap.)

   Negr/o    pl. -oes, fem. -ess (cap.)

   Negroid   not -rooid

   Negus     title of Emperor of Abyssinia (Ethiopia)

   negus     wine-punch

   Neh.      Nehemiah

   Nehru     (Jawaharlal, "Pandit"), 1889-1964, Indian nationalist leader,
             Prime Minister from 1947

   n.e.i.    non est invent/us, -a, um (he she, or it, has not been found)

   neice     use niece

   neige     (Fr. cook. f.), whisked white of egg

   neighbour/, -hood, -ly
             not -or

   Neilgherry Hills
             S. India, use The Nilgiris

   Neill     (Alexander Sutherland), 1883-1973, British educationist; --
             (Patrick), d. 1705, first printer in Belfast, of Scottish birth;
             -- (Patrick), 1776-1851, Scottish naturalist

   neither   (of two), is; neither he nor she is; but neither he nor they
             are, neither these nor those are

   Nejd      ("the plateau"); see Saudi Arabia

   nekton    free-swimming organic life, as opp. to plankton

   NEL       National Engineering Laboratory

   nematode  (noun or adj.), (of) roundworm or threadworm, not -oid

   nem./ con.
             nemine/ contradicente; -- diss., -- dissentiente

   Nemean/   (adj.), of the vale of Nemea in anc. Argolis; -- games, one of
             the four principal Panhellenic festivals; -- lion, slain by
             Hercules

   nemes/is  (cap. when personified); pl. -es

   nemine/ contradicente
             (Lat.), unanimously, abbr. nem. con.; -- dissentiente, no one
             dissenting, abbr. nem. diss.

   nemo/     (Lat.), nobody; -- me impune lacessit, no one attacks me with
             impunity (motto of Scotland, and of the Order of the Thistle)

   nemophila (bot.), a garden flower, not -phyla

   N. Eng.   New England

   ne nimium (Lat.), shun excess

   nenuphar  the great white water-lily. See also Nuphar

   neo-      is freely added (with hyphen) to the names of philosophies and
             institutions and to their adjectival forms, to designate their
             revivals (retain caps. of words which have them)
             neo-Christianity, neo-classical, neo-colonialism, neo-Freudian,
             neo-Romantic, etc. An exception is Neoplatonism (q.v.)

   Neoarctic use Nearctic

   neo-colonial/, -ism
             (hyphen)

   Neocomian (geol.) (cap.)

   neodymium symbol Nd

   neolithic (archaeol.) (not cap.)

   neolog/ize
             to use new terms, not -ise; -ism, abbr. neol.

   neon      symbol Ne

   Neoplaton/ism
             the revived Platonism of the 3rd-6th cc.; adj. -ic (one word,
             one cap.)

   Nep.      Neptune

   Nepal/    kingdom between Tibet and India, not -aul; adj. -ese, not -i

   neper     unit for comparing power levels

   nephew    abbr. n.

   ne plus ultra
             (Lat.), perfection

   neptunium symbol Np

   ne quid nimis
             (Lat.), be wisely moderate

   Nerbudda  Indian river, use Narbada

   NERC      Natural Environment Research Council

   nereid/   a sea-nymph pl. -s or (with cap.) -es

   Neri (Saint Philip)
             1515-95, founder of the Congregation of the Oratory

   nero antico
             (It.), a black marble

   Neruda (Jan)
             1834-91, Czech writer; -- (Pablo), pseud. of Neftali Ricardo
             Reyes, 1904-73, Chilean poet

   nerve/-cell, -centre
             (hyphens)

   nerve gas (two words)

   nerve-racking
             not wr-

   Nesbit (Evelyn)
             pseud. of Mrs Edith (Hubert) Bland, 1858-1924, English writer

   Nesbitt (Cathleen)
             1890-1982, English actress

   Nessler's reagent
             (chem.), from Julius Nessler, 1827-1905, German chemist

   n'est-ce-pas?
             (Fr.), is it not so?

   Nestl‚ Co., Ltd. (The)


   net/      not subject to deduction; -- book, whose retail price is fixed
             by publisher; not nett

   net/, -ted, -ting


   net curtain
             (two words)

   Netherlands (The)
             country, not Holland; abbr. Neth.

   netsuke/  Japanese ornament, pl. -s

   nett      not subject to deduction, use net

   nettle-rash
             (hyphen)

   network   (one word)

   Neuchѓtel Switzerland, white or red wine from there

   Neufchѓtel
             d‚ps. Aisne and Seine-Maritime, France; a kind of cheese

   Neuilly   d‚p. Seine, France

   neume     (mus.), (sign indicating) group of notes to be sung with one
             syllable, not neum

   neuralgia pain in a nerve (a symptom, not a disease)

   neurasthenia
             nervous prostration, chronic fatigue

   neurine   a poisonous ptomaine, not -in

   neuritis  inflammation of nerve-fibres

   neurone   nerve-cell and its appendages, not -on

   Neuropter/a
             an order of insects (lacewings, etc.) sing. -on

   neuros/is a functional derangement through nervous disorder; pl. -es

   neurotic/ (adj. and noun); -ally, -ism

   neuter    abbr. n. or neut.

   neutralize
             not -ise

   neutrino/ (phys.), an uncharged particle with very small mass; pl.  -s

   neutron/  (phys.), an uncharged particle; pl. -s

   Nevada    off. abbr. Nev. or (postal) NV

   n‚v‚      (Fr. m.), glacier snow (not ital.)

   never/-ending, -failing
             (hyphens)

   nevermore (one word)

   never-never
             (colloq.), hire-purchase (hyphen)

   nevertheless
             (one word)

   Nevill    family name of Marquess of Abergavenny

   Neville   family name of Baron Braybrooke

   new       abbr. n.

   Newbery (John)
             1713-67, English printer; -- Medal (US)

   Newbiggin Cumbria, Durham, Northumb., N. Yorks.

   Newbigging
             Strathclyde, Tayside

   new/-blown, -born
             (hyphens)

   Newborough (Baron)


   New Brunswick
             Canada, abbr. NB

   Newburgh  Fife, Grampian, Lanes.; -- (Countess of)

   New Castle
             Ind., Pa., US

   Newcastle:
             sig. of Bp. of Newcastle (colon)

   Newcastle/ upon Tyne
             Tyne & Wear; -- under Lyme, Staffs. (no hyphens)

   newcomer  (one word)

   Newdigate (Sir Roger)
             1719-1806, founder of Oxford prize for poem

   new edition
             abbr. NE, n/e

   New English Bible (The)
             first part (the New Testament) publ. 1961, complete 1970; abbr.
             NEB

   newfangled
             (one word)

   New Forest
             Hants (two words)

   Newfoundland/
             (one word), Canada, abbr. NF, Mfld.; -er, an inhabitant

   New Guinea
             see Papua

   New Hall  Camb. Univ.

   Newham    borough of Gr. London (one word)

   New/ Hampshire
             off. abbr. NH, never abbr. as - Hants.

   New Haven Conn., US (two words)

   Newhaven  Lothian, E. Sussex (one word)

   New Hebrides
             abbr. N.Heb.; now Vanuatu

   New Jersey
             US, off. abbr. NJ

   new-laid egg
             (one hyphen)

   New Mexico
             US, off. abbr. N.Mex. or (postal) NM

   New Mills Ches., Powys

   Newmilns  Strathclyde

   Newnes (Sir George)
             1851-1910, publisher

   New Orleans
             La., US, abbr. NO

   new paragraph
             (typ.), abbr. n.p.

   New Quay  Dyfed, Essex (two words)

   Newquay   Cornwall (one word)

   New Red Sandstone
             (geol.) (caps.)

   news agency
             (two words)

   news/agent, -caster, -letter
             (one word)

   New South Wales
             Australia (three words, caps., no hyphens); abbr.  NSW

   news/paper, -paperman
             (one word)

   Newspaper Publishers' Association
             abbr. NPA

   newspapers (titles of)
             see periodicals

   newsprint paper on which newspapers are printed

   news-reader
             (hyphen)

   newsreel  (one word)

   news/-sheet, -stand
             (hyphens)

   news theatre
             (two words)

   New Style according to the Gregorian calendar, adopted in Britain on 14
             Sept. 1752 (omitting 3-13 Sept.), and in Russia in 1917; abbr.
             MS. See also Old Style

   new style numerals
             see numerals

   newsvendor
             not -er

   newsworthy
             (one word)

   New Testament
             abbr. MT; for abbr. of books in, see each title

   newton    SI unit of force; abbr. N

   Newton Abbot
             Devon

   Newton-le-Willows
             Merseyside, N. Yorks. (hyphens)

   Newtonmore
             Highland (one word)

   Newton Poppleford
             Devon

   Newton Stewart
             Dumfries & Galloway (two words). See also Newtownstewart

   Newtown   Powys, adjacent to site of "new town", 1967

   Newtownabbey
             Co. Antrim (one word)

   Newtownards
             Co. Down (one word)

   Newtownbutler
             Co. Fermanagh (one word)

   Newtowncunningham
             Co. Donegal (one word)

   Newtownforbes
             Co. Longford (one word)

   Newtownmountkennedy
             Co. Wicklow (one word)

   Newtownsands
             Co. Limerick (one word)

   Newtownstewart
             Tyrone (one word).  See also Newton Stewart

   New Year's Day
             (caps.)

   New York  the US State, abbr. NY; the city, often abbr. NYC, but
             officially New York, NY

   New Yorker
             inhabitant of New York

   New Yorker (The)
             magazine (ital.)

   nex/us    (Lat.), a tie, a linked group; pl. -us (pedantic) or -uses
             (gen.), not -i

   Ney (Michel)
             1769-1815, French marshal

14.7 NF...
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   NF        National Front, Newfoundland, New French, Norman-French

   Nfld.     Newfoundland

   NFU       National Farmers' Union

   NFWI      National Federation of Women's Institutes

14.8 NG...
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   NG        National Giro, National Guard, New Granada

   ng        in Welsh a separate letter, following g in alphabetical
             sequence; not to be divided

   n.g.      no good

   NGA       National Graphical Association

   NGO       non-governmental organization

   N.Gr.     New Greek

14.9 NH...
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   NH        New Hampshire (off. abbr.)

   N.Heb.    New Hebrew, -- Hebrides

   NHG       New High German

   n.h.p.    nominal horsepower

   NHS       National Health Service

14.10 NI...
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   NI        National Insurance, Northern Ireland

   Ni        nickel (no point)

   Niagara   river separating Ontario, Canada, from New York State, US

   Niagara Falls
             waterfalls of R.  Niagara; town, NY; town, Ontario

   Nibelungenlied
             German epic, twelfth-thirteenth century

   niblick   a golf-club

   Nicar.    Nicaragua

   Nicene Creed
             issued in 325 by the Council of Nicaea (in Asia Minor); to be
             distinguished from the longer Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed of
             the Thirty-nine Articles

   niche     a recess, not -ch

   Nicholas  Anglicized spelling of the names of five popes, two Russian
             emperors, and the patron saint of Russia; in Russ.  Nikolai

   Nicholson the usual spelling, but see Nicolson

   nicht wahr?
             (Ger.), is it not so?

   nick      (typ.), a groove cast in the shank of a type

   nickel/   symbol Ni; -- plating (hyphen); -- silver (two words)

   nickel    (US), a five-cent coin

   nicknack  use knick-knack

   nickname  (one word)

   Nicobar Islands
             Indian Ocean, not Nik-

   nicol prism
             from William Nicol 1768-1851, Scottish physicist

   Nicolson (Hon. Sir Harold George)
             1886-1968, British politician and man of letters

   Nicomachean Ethics
             by Aristotle

   Nicosia   Cyprus (Gr. Levkosia), Sicily, not Nik-

   NID       Naval Intelligence Division

   nid/us    (lat.), a nest; pl. -i

   Niebelungenlied
             use Nib-

   Niebuhr (Barthold Georg)
             1776-1831, German historian and philologist; -- (Karsten),
             1733-1815, German traveller; -- (Reinhold), 1892-1971, US
             theologian

   niece     a relation, not nei-

   niell/o   Italian metal work; pl.  -i (not ital.)

   Niepce (Joseph Nic‚phore)
             1765-1833 French physicist, originator of photography; -- de
             Saint-Victor (Claude Marie Fran‡ois) 1805-70, his nephew,
             inventor of heliographic engraving

   Niersteiner
             a hock (wine)

   Nietzsche (Friedrich Wilhelm), 1844-1900, German polit. philosopher

   NiЉvre    d‚p. France

   Niger     (Republic of), W. Cent.  Africa, indep. 1960

   Nigeria (Republic of)
             W. coast of Africa, indep. 1960

   nightcap  (one word)

   night/-clothes, -club, -dress
             (hyphens)

   nightfall (one word)

   night/-gown, -life, -light
             (hyphens)

   night-long
             (adj. and adv., hyphen)

   nightmarish
             not -reish

   night nurse
             (two words)

   nightshade
             (bot.) (one word)

   night/-shift, -shirt, -spot, -time, -watch, -watchman, -work
             (hyphens)

   nihil/    (Lat.), nothing; -- ad rem, nothing to the purpose; -- obstat,
             no objection is raised (to publication etc.)

   Nihon     use Nippon

   Nijinsky (Vaslav)
             1890-1950, Russian ballet-dancer; Nijinska (Bronislava),
             1891-1972, his sister, Russian choreographer

   Nijni Novgorod
             Russian city (no hyphen), now named Gorky; not Nizh-

   Nikobar Islands, Nikosia
             use Nic-

   nil/      (Lat.), nothing; -- admirari, wondering at nothing (not admiring
             nothing); -- conscire sibi, to be conscious of no fault; --
             desperandum despair of nothing, not never despair

   nilgai    short-horned Indian antelope, not neelghau, nylghau

   Nilgiris (The)
             hills, S. India, not Neilgherry Hills

   ni l'un   (or une fem.) ni l'autre (Fr.), neither the one nor the other

   nimbo-strat/us
             (meteor.), low grey layer of cloud, pl. -i

   nimb/us   a halo, a rain cloud; pl.  -i or -uses; adj. -used

   niminy-piminy
             affectedly delicate, not -i -i

   n'importe!
             (Fr.), never mind!

   Nin (Ana‹s)
             1903-77, French-born US writer

   nincompoop
             a simpleton (one word)

   ninepins  game (one word)

   ninth     not -eth

   niobium   symbol Nb

   nip/, -ped, -per, -ping


   Nippon    native name for Japan, not Nihon

   nirvana   in Buddhism and Hinduism, cessation of sentient existence

   nisi      unless; nisi prius, unless before

   Nissen/ (Peter Norman)
             1871-1930, British engineer, inventor of -- hut

   nis/us    (Lat.), an effort; pl. -us

   nitrate   a salt of nitric acid

   nitrite   a salt of nitrous acid

   nitrogen  symbol N

   nitrogenize
             not -ise

   nitrogenous
             not -eons

   nitro-glycerine
             an explosive, not -in (hyphen)

   nizam     a Turkish soldier, (cap.)  title of ruler of Hyderabad pl. same

   Nizhni-Novgorod
             Russia, use Nijni Novgorod

14.11 NJ
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   NJ        New Jersey (off. abbr.)

14.12 NKGB...
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   NKGB      USSR "People's Commissatiat of State Security", 1943-6. See also
             NKVD

   Nkrumah   (Dr Kwame), 1909-72, Ghanaian politician (President, 1960-6)

   NKVD      USSR "People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs", 1934-43. See
             also OGPU

14.13 NL...
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   NL        New Latin

   n.l.      (Lat.), non licet (it is not allowed), non liquet (it is not
             clear), (typ.) new line

   N. lat.   north latitude

   NLC       National Liberal Club

14.14 NM...
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   NM        New Mexico (off. postal abbr.)

   n.M.      (Ger.), n„chsten Monats (next month)

   nm        nanometre

   N.Mex.    New Mexico (off abbr.)

14.15 nn....
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   nn.       notes

   NNE       north-north-east

   NNW       north-north-west

14.16 NO...
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   NO        Navigation Officer, New Orleans

   NO        n.o. (cricket), not out

   No        Jap. drama, use Noh

   No        nobelium (no point)

   No.       no., from It. numero (number); pl. Nos., nos.;

   no        (the negative), pl. noes

   Noachian  pertaining to Noah

   Nobel (Alfred Bernard)
             1833-96, Swedish inventor of dynamite; -- prizes (six), awarded
             annually for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology and Medicine,
             Literature, Peace, Economics

   nobelium  symbol No

   noblesse/ (Fr. f.) nobility; -- oblige, -- imposes obligations

   nobody    (one word)

   nocte     (Lat.), at night; abbr. n.

   "Noctes Ambrosianae"
             articles in Blackwood's Magazine, 1822-35

   nocturn   (RCC), part of matins orig.  said at night

   nocturne  (painting) a night-scene, (mus.) a night-piece (not ital.)

   NOD       Naval Ordnance Department

   nod/, -ded, -ding


   nod/us    difficulty, pl. -i

   No‰l      the name

   Noel      Christmas; Eng. Nowel(l), obs.  except in carols

   noetic    of the intellect

   Noh       Jap. drama with dance and song, not No (cap.)

   noisette  hazel-nut; (cook.) in pl.  -s, small choice pieces of meat;
             (bot.) a hybrid between China and moss rose

   noisome   noxious, ill-smelling (no connection with noise)

   noisy     not -ey

   nolens volens
             (Lat.), willy-nilly; pl. nolentes volentes

   noli me tangere
             (Lat.), don't touch me (no hyphens)

   nolle prosequi
             (Lat.), plaintiff's relinquishment of suit; abbr.  nol. pros.

   nolo/     (Lat.), I will not; -- contendere, I plead guilty; --
             episnopari, I do not wish to be a bishop (formula for avoiding
             responsible office)

   nol. pros.
             nolle prosequi

   nom.      nominal, nominative

   no man's land
             unclaimed territory (apos., three words)

   nom de guerre
             (Fr. m.), assumed name

   nom de plume
             pseudonym (not in Fr. usage)

   nom de th‚ѓtre
             (Fr. m.), stage-name

   nom/en    a name, pl. -ina, abbr. N.; nomen/ generinum, a generic name; --
             specificum, a specific name

   nomin.    nominative

   nominative
             (gram.), the case of the subject; abbr. n., nom., or nomin.

   non/      (Lat.), not; -- assumpsit, a denial of any promise

   non-      is freely added (with hyphen) to adjectives and to nouns of
             action, condition, or quality to indicate their opposites
             (retain caps. of words which have them) non-aggression,
             non-co-operation, non-Euclidean, non-resident, non-toxic, etc.
             It is also attached to give sense "that does not --" non-skid,
             non-slip, non-stick, etc.

   nonce-word
             one coined for the occasion (hyphen)

   nonchalance
             indifference (not ital.)

   nonchalant
             indifferent

   non-commissioned officer/, -s
             abbr. NCO

   non compos mentis
             (Lat.), of unsound mind

   non con.  non-content, dissentient

   Nonconformist
             an English Protestant separated from the Church of England (cap.
             only in this sense)

   non constat
             (Lat.), it is not clear

   non-co-operation
             (two hyphens)

   nones     (pl.), in Roman calendar the ninth day, counting inclusively,
             before the ides

   non est/  (Lat.), it is wanting; -- -- invent/us, -a, -um, he, she, or it
             has not been found, abbr. n.e.i.

   nonesuch  (strictly correct), nonsuch (usual), person or thing that is
             unrivalled

   Nonesuch Press
             founded by Sir Francis Meynell

   nonet     (mus.), composition for nine performers

   none the less
             (three words)

   non-Euclidean
             (hyphen, one cap.)

   non-hero  opposite of a hero (hyphen)

   non/ inventus
             (Lat.), not found; -- libet, it does not please (me); -- licet,
             it is not permitted, abbr. n.l.; -- liquet, it is not clear,
             abbr. n.l.; -- mi ricordo (It.), I do not remember; -- nobis
             (Lat.), not unto us; -- obstante, notwithstanding, abbr.  non
             obst.; - obstante veredicto, notwithstanding the verdict

   non-lining numerals
             see numerals

   non-net book
             one that retailer may sell at less than published price

   nonpareil unequalled; (typ.) name for a former size of type, about 6 pt.

   non placet
             (Lat.), it does not commend itself

   nonplus/  to perplex; -sed, -sing non plus ultra (Lat.), perfection

   non/ possumus
             (Lat.), we cannot; -- prosequitur, he does not prosecute, abbr.
             non pros.; -- sequitur, it does not follow logically, abbr.  non
             seq.

   non-resident
             (hyphen)

   non/-skid, -slip, -stick
             see non-

   non-stop  (hyphen)

   nonsuch   now usual for nonesuch, q.v.

   nonsuit   stoppage of suit by judge when plaintiff has failed to make a
             case (one word)

   non-toxic (hyphen)

   non-U     not characteristic of the upper class (hyphen, no point)

   noon      abbr. n.

   noon/day, -tide
             (one word)

   no one    (two words)

   n.o.p.    not otherwise provided for

   no par.   (typ.), matter to run on, and have no break

   Nor.      Norman

   Norddeutscher Lloyd
             (two words); abbr. NDL

   Nordenfeldt gun


   Nordenskj”ld (Nils Adolf Erik Baron)
             1832-1901, Swedish Arctic explorer

   Norge     Norw. for Norway

   norm/a    (Lat.), a rule or measure; pl. -ae

   normalize to standardize, not -ise

   Normanby (Marquess of)


   normande (  la)
             (Fr. cook.), apple-flavoured (not cap.)

   Noronha (Fernando de)
             Brazilian penal colony in S. Atlantic

   Norroy and Ulster
             the third King-of-Arms

   Norse     abbr. N.

   north/    -ern, abbr. N. See also capitalization, compass

   North     (Christopher), pseud. of Prof.  John Wilson, 1785-1854, Scottish
             poet

   Northallerton
             N. Yorks. (one word)

   North Americ/a, -an
             abbr. NA or N.  Amer.

   Northamptonshire
             abbr. Northants

   northbound
             (one word)

   North Britain
             or Scotland, abbr.  Scot., not NB

   North Carolina
             abbr. NC

   Northd.   Northumberland

   North Dakota
             abbr. N. Dak. or (postal) ND

   North Downs
             Kent, etc.

   north-east/, -ern
             abbr. NE

   northeaster
             wind (one word)

   northern  abbr. N.

   Northern Territory
             (Australia), abbr. NT

   Northesk  (Earl of)

   North-German Gazette
             (one hyphen)

   Northleach
             Glos. (one word)

   North Pole
             (caps.)

   Northumberland
             abbr. Northumb. or (postal) Northd.

   North Wales
             abbr. NW

   north-west/, -ern
             abbr. NW

   Norvic:   sig. of Bp. of Norwich (colon)

   Norw.     Norway, Norwegian

   Norway    in Norw. Norge; in Fr.  NorvЉge. See also Assemblies

   Norwegian typography
             see accents

   Nos.      nos., numbers

   nosce teipsum
             (Lat.), know thyself

   nose/bag, -band, -bleed
             (one word)

   nose-cone (hyphen)

   nosedive  (noun and verb, one word)

   nose/-piece, -wheel
             (hyphens)

   nosey     use nosy

   noster    (Lat.), our, our own; abbr.  N.

   Nostradamus
             (in Fr., Michel de Nostredame), 1503-66, French astrologer

   nostrum/  a quack remedy; pl.  -s (not ital.)

   nosy      not nosey

   Nosy Parker
             an inquisitive person (two caps.)

   nota bene (Lat.), mark well; abbr.  NB

   notabilia (Lat. pl.), notable things

   notand/um (Lat.), a thing to be noted; pl. -a

   Notary Public
             law officer two words) pl. -ies --; abbr. NP

   notation  see numerals

   note/, -s abbr. n., pl. nn. See also footnotes, let-in notes,
             shoulder-notes, side-notes

   note/book, -case, -paper, -worthy
             (one word)

   notic/e, -eable, -ing


   notice-board
             (hyphen)

   notif/y, -iable, -ied, -ying


   notiti/a  (Lat.), a list; pl. -ae

   not proven
             see proven

   Notre Dame
             Ind., US, university town

   Notre-Dame
             (Our Lady), abbr. N.-D., French name of many churches, not N“-
             (hyphen)

   Notre-Seigneur
             (Fr.), Our Lord, abbr. N.-S.

   Nottinghamshire
             abbr. Notts.

   Nouakchott
             Mauritania

   n'oubliez pas
             (Fr.), don't forget

   nougat    a confection

   nought    the figure zero (0). See also naught

   noumen/on an object of intellectual intuition, not perceptible by the
             senses, opp. to phenomenon; pl. -a; -al, -ally

   noun      abbr. n.

   nouns (collective)
             if regarded as a whole to be treated as singular, e.g. the army
             is, the committee meets. If regarded as a number of units, to be
             treated as plural, e.g. The French (people) are thrifty

   nouns (German)
             all have initial caps. in Ger. usage

   nous      (Gr.), intellect, shrewdness (not ital.)

   nous avons chang‚ tout cela
             (Fr.), we have changed all that

   nous verrons
             (Fr.), we shall see

   nouveau/ riche/
             (Fr. m.), parvenu; pl. -x -s

   nouvelles (Fr. f. pl.), news

   nouvelle vague
             (Fr. f), new wave

   Nov.      November

   nova/     (astr.) new star, pl. -e

   Novalis   pseud. of Baron Friedrich von Hardenberg, 1772-1801, German
             writer

   Nova/ Scotia
             Canada, abbr. NS; -- Zembla, use Novaya Zemlya, Arctic islands
             (two words, caps.)

   Noveboracensian
             of New York, not Nova-

   novelette a small novel

   novella   a short novel or narrative

   November  abbr. Nov.; in Fr. m.  novembre, abbr. nov. (not cap.)

   noviciate the state or period of being a novice, not -tiate

   novus homo
             (Lat.), a self-made man; pl. novi homines

   nowadays  (one word)

   Nowel(l)  see No‰l

   nowhere   (one word)

   noyade    (Fr. f), execution by drowning

   noyau/    a liqueur; also a sweetmeat, pl. - x

14.17 NP...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   NP        New Providence, Notary Public

   Np        neptunium (no point)

   n.p.      net personalty, (typ.) new paragraph, (bibliog.) no place of
             publication given

   NPA       Newspaper Publishers' Association

   NPFA      National Playing Fields Association

   NPL       National Physical Laboratory

   NPO       New Philharmonia Orchestra (earlier and later, Philharmonia
             Orchestra)

   n.p.p.    no passed proof

14.18 NR...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   NR        North Riding

   Nr.       (Ger.), Nummer (number)

   nr.       near

   NRA       National Rifle Association

   NRDC      National Research Development Corporation

14.19 NS...
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   NS        New Series, New Side, Newspaper Society, New Style (after 1752),
             Nova Scotia

   N.-S.     (Fr.), Notre-Seigneur (Our Lord)

   n.s.      not specified

   n/s       (banking), not sufficient

   NSB       National Savings Bank

   NSPCC     National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children

   NSW       New South Wales

14.20 NT...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   NT        National Theatre, -- Trust, New Testament, (Australia) Northern
             Territory, (bridge) no trumps

   NTP       normal temperature and pressure

14.21 n.u....
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   n.u.      name unknown

   nuance    shade of difference (not ital.)

   NUBE      National Union of Bank Employees

   nucle/us  pl. -i

   nuclide   (phys.), atom having specified type of nucleus, not eide

   -nugger   Indian suffix, use -nagar

   NUGMW     National Union of General and Municipal Workers

   NUI       National University of Ireland

   Nuits-Saint-Georges
             a red burgundy (two hyphens)

   NUJ       National Union of Journalists

   nulla bona
             (law), no goods that can be distrained upon

   nullah    (Ind.), a dry watercourse (not ital.)

   nulla-nulla
             Australian wooden club, not -ah -ah

   nullif/y, -ied, -ying


   nulli secundus
             (Lat.), second to none

   Num.      Numbers (OT), not Numb.

   NUM       National Union of Mineworkers

   num.      numeral, -s

   number    abbr. No. or no., pl.  Nos. or nos.

   number    (house), in road or number (cont.) street, no comma following,
             as, 6 Fleet Street. See also numerals

   numbskull use nums-

   numerals  (see BS 2961).

             I.  Roman
                 Use full caps. for Henry VIII, Gipsy Moth III, etc., LXX
                 (Septuagint), and in lines of even full caps. Elsewhere
                 small caps.  give a better appearance to the page, and lower
                 case is used for prelim page numbers, etc. See also
                 authorities.

             II. Arabic
                 Two cuts are used: old style (or non-ranging, non-lining)
                 1234 etc., and new style (or modern, lining, ranging) 1234
                 etc.  (used esp.in scientific and technical work). Use
                 numerals, not words, for ages, but "he died in his eightieth
                 year"; bookwork, rarely, and only those over 100 (but in
                 statistic passages numerals are used more freely); dates,
                 days and years regularly, months for brevity; degrees of
                 heat; money (omit the ciphers for cents, pence, etc., when
                 there are none, as e.g.  $100, not $100.00); narrow measure
                 (works of); numbers with vulgar or decimal fractions; races,
                 distance and time; scores, of games and matches; specific
                 gravity (relative density); statistics; time of day when
                 followed by a.m. or p.m.; votes; weights, when abbreviated
                 units are given.
                 Numerals are not to be combined with words in one amount
                 (use all numerals, or all words); use commas to separate
                 each group of three consecutive numerals, starting from the
                 right, when there are four or more, except in math. work and
                 pagination; in scientific and foreign-language work thin
                 spaces are used instead of commas (1234567 not 1,234,567);
                 in pagination, dates, etc., use the least number of numerals
                 possible (42-5, 161-4, 1961-8, 1961-75, 1966/7) -- but this
                 does not apply to the numbers 10-19, which represent single
                 words, so 10-11, 16-18, 210-11 dates involving changes of
                 century and all BC dates must be given in full; number of a
                 house in road or street, etc., not to be followed by comma
                 as it does not make the meaning clearer.
                 Use words for: beginning of sentences; degrees of
                 inclination; indefinite amounts, as two or three miles, I
                 have told you a hundred times; legal work, always; street
                 names (numerical), as Fifth Avenue; one-and-twenty, etc.
                 (hyphens).  See also decimal currency, fractions, lakh

   num‚r/o   (Fr. m.), number; -oter, to number (e.g. pages) -oteur,
             numbering machine

   numis.    numismatic, -s, numismatology

   Nummer    (Ger. f.), number, abbr. Nr.

   numskull  a dunce, not numb-

   Nunc Dimittis
             (Lat.), (musical setting of) the Song of Simeon as a hymn

   nuncio/   a papal ambassador; pl. -s

   NUPE      National Union of Public Employees

   Nuphar    yellow water-lily genus. See also nenuphar

   NUR       National Union of Railwaymen

   Nuremberg not -burg; in Ger.  NЃrnberg

   Nureyev (Rudolf Hametovich)
             b. 1939, Russian ballet-dancer

   nurl      use knurl

   NЃrnherg  Anglicized as Nuremberg

   nurs/e, -eling, -ing


   nursemaid (one word)

   nurseryman
             (one word)

   nursery/ rhyme, -- school
             (two words)

   NUS       National Union of Seamen; ditto Students

   NUT       National Union of Teachers

   nut/, -ted, -ting, -ry


   nut/crackers; -hatch
             a bird; -shell (one word)

   NUTG      National Union of Townswomen's Guilds

   nux vomica
             seed of E. Indian tree, source of strychnine (two words, not
             ital.); abbr. nux vom.

14.22 NV...
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   NV        Nevada (off. postal abbr.), New Version

   NVM       Nativity of the Virgin Mary

14.23 NW...
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   NW        north-west(ern), North Wales

   NWFP      North-West Frontier Province (Pakistan)

   NWT       North-West Territories (Canada)

14.24 NY...
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   NY        New York (City or State), US.  See also New York

   Nyasaland Cent. Africa, not Nyassa- (one word); now Malawi

   NYC       New York City

   nyet      (Russ.), no

   nylghau   antelope, use nilgai

   nymph/ae  (anat.), the labia minora; sing. -a

   Nymphaea  (bot.), the white water-lily genus

   nymphet   young nymph, sexually attractive girl

   nympho/   colloq. for nymphomaniac, pl. -s

   Nynorsk   see Landsm†l

14.25 NZ
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   NZ        New Zealand

15.0 O
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15.1 O...
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   O         (exclamation), see Oh

   O         oxygen (no point), (Lat.)  octarius (a pint), the fourteenth in
             a series

   O.        Odd Fellows, Ohio, Order (as DSO), owner, (Fr. m.) ouest (west),
             (Ger. m.) Osten (east)

   O'        Irish name prefix; use apos. as O'Neill, not turned comma; o or
             ў, or the corresponding caps., followed by thin space, also
             used, thus: ў Brian

   o.        old, (meteor.) overcast

   o-        (chem.), ortho-

   o'        abbr. for of

   ™         ”, in German, Swedish, etc., may not be replaced by Oe, oe,
             (except in some proper names), O, o, or OE, oe

   ”         (Sw.), island

   %         per cent

15.2 o/a...
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   o/a       on account of

   oaf/      stupid person, pl. -s

   Oak-apple Day
             29 May

   O. & M.   organization and methods

   OAP       Old Age Pension(er)

   oarweed   seaweed, not ore-weed

   OAS       on active service, Organization of American States, Organisation
             de l'Arm‚e SecrЉte

   oas/is    pl. -es

   oatcake   (one word)

   Oates (Titus)
             1649-1705, false informer of Popish Plot, 1678

   oatmeal   (one word)

   OAU       Organization of African Unity

   Oaxaca    Mexico

15.3 OB...
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   OB        Old Boy, outside broadcast

   ob.       oboe

   ob.       obiit (he, she, or it died)

   Obadiah   abbr. Obad.

   obbligato (mus.), (required) accompaniment, not obl-; abbr. obb.

   OBE       Officer of the Order of the British Empire

   obeah     Negro witchcraft, not -ea, -eeyah, -i

   obeisance courtesy bow

   obelisk   not -isc; (typ.) the dagger mark; double obelisk, See also
             reference marks (See Figure 5 in topic FRONT_4)

   obel/us   critical mark, pl. -i

   Oberammergau
             Bavaria

   obi       witchcraft, use obeah

   obi       Japanese sash

   obiit/    (Lat.), he, she, or it died, abbr. ob.; -- sine prole, died
             without issue, abbr. ob.s.p.

   obit      date of death, funeral or commemoration service; colloq. for
             obituary (not ital.)

   obiter/ dictum
             (Lat.), a thing said by the way, pl. -- dicta; -- script/um,
             ditto written, pl. -- -a

   object/, -ion, -ionable, -ive, -ively
             abbr. obj.

   object-glass
             lens nearest the object

   object-lesson
             (hyphen)

   objet d'art
             (Fr. m.), a work of artistic value; pl. objets -- -- (ital.)

   objet trouv‚
             (Fr. m.), thing found, pl. -s -s

   obl.      oblique, oblong

   obligato  use obb-

   obligee   (law), person to whom another is bound

   obliger   one who does a favour

   obligor   (law), one who binds himself to another

   oblique   abbr. obl.

   oblong    abbr. obl.

   obo/e     (mus.), not the many variants; abbr. ob.; -ist, not -eist

   obol      small coin or weight of anc.  Greece

   obol/us   an obol; also used for various small coins in medieval European
             countries; pl. -i

   O'Brien (Conor Cruise)
             b. 1917, Irish politician; -- (Edna), b.  1932, Irish writer; --
             (William Smith), 1803-64, and -- (William), 1852-1928, Irish
             patriots

   obs.      observation, observatory, observed, obsolete

   obscurum per obscurius
             (Lat.), the obscure by means of the more obscure, not obscurus

   obsequi/es
             funeral rites, the sing.  -y not used; adj. -al

   obsequious
             fawning

   observanda
             (Lat. pl.), things to be observed

   observat/ion, -ory
             abbr. obs.

   obsidian  (mineral.)

   obsolescen/ce, -t
             becoming obsolete

   obsolete  abbr. obs.

   ob.s.p.   obiit sine prole (died without issue)

   obstetric/s
             midwifery; abbr.  obstet.; -ian, an expert in it

   obstructor
             not -er

   obverse   that side of a coin with the head or main device

15.4 OC...
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   OC        Officer Commanding, Officer of the Order of Canada

   o.c.      use op. cit.

   ocarina   terracotta wind-instrument, not och-

   Occam/ (William of)
             1280-1349, English Franciscan philosopher, deviser of --'s
             razor, principle of fewest possible assumptions; -ism, -ist; not
             Ockam

   Occident (the)
             the West

   Occidental
             (cap. as noun, not cap.  as adj.)

   occip/ut  back of head (not ital.); -ital

   Occleve   use Hoccleve

   occulist  use ocu-

   occur/, -red, -rence, -rent, -ring


   Oceania   islands of the Pacific

   ocell/us  (entom.), simple (as opp.  to compound) eye (of insect); pl.  -i

   ocharina  use oca-

   ochlocracy
             mob-rule

   ochone    Anglo-Irish form of ohone (q.v.)

   ochra     use okra

   ochr/e    yellow pigment, -eous, -y, not oker

   Ockham    Surrey. See also Occam

   o'clock   to be printed close up (not to be abbreviated in print)

   O'Connell (Daniel)
             1775-1847, Irish statesman

   O'Connor (Feargus Edward)
             1794-1855, Irish-born Chartist leader; -- (Rt. Hon. Thomas
             Power), 1848-1931, Irish-born journalist and British politician

   OCR       (comp.), Optical Character Recognition (reading of print etc.
             by electronic eye for computer input)

   ocra      use okra

   Oct.      October

   octachord eight-stringed (musical instrument), not octo-

   octahedr/on
             solid figure with eight faces, pl. -ons; adj. -al; not octae-,
             octoe-, octoh-

   octaroon  use octo-

   octastyle (archit.), having eight columns, not octo-

   Octateuch first eight books of OT, not Octo-

   octavo/   (typ.), a book based on eight leaves, sixteen pages, to the
             sheet; pl. -s, abbr. 8vo (no point). See also book sizes

   octet     (mus.), not ett, -ette

   October   abbr. Oct.; in Fr. m.  octobre, abbr. oct. (not cap.)

   Octobrist (Russian hist.), not -erist

   octochord use octa-

   octodecimo
             see eighteenmo

   octoedron, -hedron
             use octa-

   octopus/  pl. -es

   octoroon  person of one-eighth Negro blood, not octa-

   octostyle use octa-

   Octoteuch use Octa-

   octroi    (Fr. m.), municipal customs duties (not ital.)

   OCTU      or Octu, Officer Cadets Training Unit

   oculist   eye-specialist, not occ-

   Oculi Sunday
             third in Lent

   ocul/us   (Lat.), an eye; pl. -i

15.5 OD...
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   OD        Old Dutch, Ordnance datum

   O/D       on demand, overdraft

   od        a hypothetical force; (arch.)  God, not 'od

   o.d.      outer diameter

   odal      use udal

   odalisque (Turk.), female slave, not -isk (not ital.)

   O.Dan.    Old Danish

   odd       used as suffix requires hyphen to avoid ambiguity (e.g.
             twenty-odd people)

   Oddfellow member of fraternity (official title lndependent Order of Odd
             Fellows)

   oddments  (typ.), the parts of a book separate from the main text, such as
             contents, index; a section containing oddments

   odd pages (typ.), the right-hand, or recto, pages

   Odelsting lower house of Norwegian Parliament

   Odendaalsrus
             (off. spelling), Orange Free State, not -st

   Od‚on     Paris theatre

   Oder-Neisse line
             between Poland and E. Germany

   odeum/    building for musical performances, pl. -s

   Odeypore  use Udaipur

   odi profanum vulgus
             (Lat.), I loathe the common herd

   odium     widespread dislike

   odium/aestheticum
             (Lat.), the bitterness of aesthetic controversy; -- medicum,
             ditto medical; -- musicum, ditto musical; -- theologicism, ditto
             theological

   ODM       Ministry of Overseas Development

   odometer  instrument for measuring distance travelled, not ho-

   O'Donoghue of the Glens (The)
             (cap.  T)

   O'Donovan (The)
             (cap. T)

   odontoglossum/
             an orchid pl. -s; italics (cap. O) as genus

   odor/iferous, -ize, -izer, -ous


   odour/, -less


   Odysseus  Greek hero (Roman Ulysses)

   Odyssey   of Homer (ital., not quoted); Odyssean

   odyssey   a long wandering (not cap., not ital.)

15.6 OE...
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   OE        Old English

   Oe        (phys.), oersted

   oe        (ligature). See also diphthongs

   OECD      Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

   oecist    the founder of a Greek colony, not oik-

   oecology  use ec-

   oecumenic/, -al
             see ecumenic/, -al

   Oecumenical Patriarch
             Abp. of Constantinople, head of the Orthodox Church

   OED       Oxford English Dictionary; NED (New English Dictionary) is now
             incorrect

   oedema/   swelling; -tous, not ed-

   Oedipus/  the Theban hero, not Edi-; -- complex (psych.), a boy's
             subconscious desire for his mother and hostility to his father
             (two words); adj. Oedipal

   OEEC      Organization for European Economic Co-operation, now OECD, q.v.

   Oehlenschl„ger (Adam)
             1779-1850, Danish writer

   oeil      (Fr m) eye pl. yeux; oeil-de- boeuf, a small round window, pl.
             oeils-de boeuf; oeil-de-perdrix, a soft corn, pl.
             oeils-de-perdrix

   oeillade  (Fr. f.), a glance

   oeno/logy study of wine; -phile, lover of wines, not en, oin-

   o'er      to be printed close up

   oersted   (phys.) unit of magnetic field strength, from Hans Christian
             Oersted, 1777 1851, Danish physicist;

   oesophag/us
             the gullet; pl. -i; -eal (not ital.)

   Oesterreich
             (Ger.) Austria, use ™s-

   oestrogen, oestrus
             (US e-)

   oeuf      (Fr. m.) egg; oeufs/ … la coque, boiled eggs; … la neige,
             whisked eggs; … l'indienne, curried eggs de Pѓques, Easter eggs;
             sur le plat, fried eggs

   oevre     (Fr. f.) work, esp. writers or artist's work taken as a whole

15.7 OF...
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   OF        Odd Fellows, Old French, (typ.)  old-face type

   O'Faol in (Se n)
             b. 1900, Irish writer

   off.      offic/e, er, ial, inal

   Offaly    lreland, formerly King's county

   Offa's Dike
             between England and Wales (apos.)

   off/-beat -centre (hyphens)

   offcut    remnant of paper, wood, etc.; (typ.) a remnant of paper.  board,
             or cloth cut off from a larger piece (one word)

   off-day   (hyphen)

   Offenbach (Jacques), 1819 80, German-born French composer

   offer/, -ed, -ing, -tory


   offg.     officiating

   offhand/, -ed
             casual, extempore (one word)

   offic/e, -er
             abbr. off.

   official  abbr. off. or offic.

   officiating
             abbr. offg.

   officina  (Lat.), a workshop. See also oficina

   officinal used in a shop, used in medicine, sold by druggists; abbr.  off.

   off/-licence
             -peak (adj.) (hyphens)

   offprint  (typ.), a separately printed copy, or small edition, of an
             article which originally appeared as part of a larger
             publication

   offset    (typ.), unwanted transfer of ink from printed sheet to one laid
             on top of it (now commonly set-off, q.v.); a planographic (q.v.)
             printing process in which ink is transferred on to an
             intermediate rubber blanket cylinder and then offset on to the
             paper (also ---litho, ---lithography)

   offshoot  (one word)

   offshore  (adj. and adv., one word)

   offside   (sport) (one word)

   offspring (one word)

   off-stage (adj. and adv., hyphen)

   offstreet (anj., one word)

   oficina   (Sp.), a S. American factory. See also off-

   Oflag     German prison camp for officers

   O'Flaherty (Liam)
             1896-1984, Irish novelist

   OFM       Order of Friars Minor

   OFS       Orange Free State (South) Africa

   oft-times (hyphen)

15.8 O.Gael....
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   O.Gael.   Old Gaelic

   ogee      (archit.), a moulding adj.  ogee'd

   og/ham    ancient alphabet, not -gam, -um, -hum

   ogiv/e    diagonal rib of vault, pointed arch; -al

   OGPU      or Ogpu, USSR "United state political administration for
             struggle against espionage and counter-revolution", 1922-34. See
             also NKVD

   O'Grady (The)
             (cap. T.)

   ogr/e     man-eating giant, pl. -es; fem. -ess; adj. -ish, not -eish

15.9 OH...
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   OH        Ohio (off. postal abbr.)

   Oh        to be used as an independent exclamation, followed by a comma or
             exclamation mark. Use O to form a vocative, and when it is not
             separated by punctuation from what follows, as O mighty Caesar!,
             O for the wings of a dove. See Hart's Rules, p. 30

   OHBMS     On Her, or His, Britannic Majesty's Service

   O. Henry  see Henry

   OHG       Old High German

   Ohio      off. postal abbr. OH

   ohm       SI unit of electrical resistance; see also mho; from Georg Simon
             Ohm, 1787-1854, German physicist

   OHMS      On Her, or His, Majesty's Service

   oho!      exclamation of surprise, not O ho, Oh ho, etc.

   ohone     Scottish and Irish cry of lamentation. See also ochone

15.10 oidium...
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   oidium    a fungus, not ”i-

   oikist    use oecist

   oil/cake, -can, -cloth
             (one word)

   oil-colour
             (hyphen)

   oilfield  (one word)

   oil/-fired, -gauge, -painting
             (hyphens)

   oil/skin, -stone
             (one word)

   oil well  (two words)

   oino/logy, -phile
             use oen-

   oi polloi (Gr.), the masses, use hoi--

   O.Ir.     Old Irish

   Oistrakh (David Fyodorovich)
             1908-74, and -- (Igor Davidovich), b.  1931, his son, Russian
             violinists

15.11 Ojibwa...
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   Ojibwa    Wis., US

   Ojibway   Amer. Indian tribe

15.12 OK...
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   OK        "all correct"; not okay; Oklahoma (off. postal abbr.)

   okapi     bright-coloured African ruminant

   Okehampton
             Devon

   O'Kelly (The)
             (cap. T)

   oker      use ochre

   Oklahoma  off. abbr. Okla. or (postal) OK

   okra      pods used for thickening soup; not oc(h)-, okro

15.13 OL...
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   OL        Old Latin

   Ol.       Olympiad

   Olaf (St) patron of Norway

   old/      abbr. o.; -- -clothes-man (hyphens)

   Old Bailey
             see Bailey

   Old Believer
             see Raskolnik

   Old English
             (typ.), name for the English style of black letter

   old face  (typ.), a type design based on the original roman type of the
             fifteenth century; abbr. OF

   old-fashioned
             (hyphen)

   "Old Glory"
             US stars-and-stripes flag

   Old Hickory
             (US colloq.), Andrew Jackson, President of US 1829-37

   "Old Hundredth"
             hymn-tune, not " -- Hundred"

   old maid  elderly spinster, prissy man, card-game (two words), but
             old-maidish (hyphen)

   Old Man of the Sea
             in Arab. Nights (caps.)

   Oldmeldrum
             Grampian (one word)

   Old Pals Act
             (three words, caps., no apos.)

   Old Red Sandstone
             (geol.) (caps.)

   old school tie
             (three words)

   Old Style according to the Julian calendar, abbr. OS (no point). See also
             New Style

   old style/
             (typ.), a type design, being a regularized old face; -- --
             numerals, see numerals; abbr. OS

   Old Testament
             abbr. OT or Old Test.; for abbr. of books in, see each title

   old-time/ (ad., hyphen); -r

   old woman fussy man (two words), but old-womanish (hyphen)

   olefin    (chem.), hydrocarbon, not -ine

   oleiferous
             oil-producing, not olif-

   oleograph picture printed in oil-colours

   O level   examination (no hyphen)

   OLG       Old Low German

   Olifants River
             S. Africa (no apos.)

   Oligocene (geol.) (cap., not ital.)

   olive/-branch, -oil
             (hyphens)

   Olivetan  an order of monks, not -tan

   Olivier (Laurence Kerr, Baron)
             1907-89, English actor. See also Ollivier

   olla podrida
             Spanish national dish, also a medley (not ital.)

   Ollivier (Olivier ђmile)
             1825-1913, French statesman and writer. See also Olivier

   olog/y    any science or theory, pl.  -ies

   oloroso/  (drink of) medium-sweet sherry, pl. -s

   Olympiad  celebration of Olympic games (anc. and mod.), period of four
             years between celebrations; abbr. OI.

   Olympian  of Olympus, the abode of the Greek gods; as noun, dweller in
             Olympus, superhuman person

   Olympic   of Olympia in Greece, or of the games held there in antiquity,
             or of the modern games

15.14 OM...
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   OM        (Member of the) Order of Merit

   o.m.      old measurement

   omadhaun  Irish term of contempt (not the many variants)

   Omagh     Co. Tyrone

   Omaha     Nebraska, US

   Oman/     SE Arabia, ad. -i

   Omar Khayy m
             1048-1131, Persian poet

   ombuds/man
             official appointed to investigate complaints against government
             departments, introduced in Britain in 1965, pl. -men

   Omdurman  Sudan

   omega     the Greek long o, last letter of Greek alphabet

   omelette  not -et

   omicron   the Greek short o, (o, O), not omik-

   omissions (typ.), see dele, elision, ellipsis

   omit/, -ted, -ting


   omnibus/  pl. -es. See also bus

   omnium gatherum
             a confused medley (not ital.)

15.15 ON...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   ON        Old Norse

   ONC       Ordinary National Certificate

   oncoming  (one word)

   OND       Ordinary National Diploma

   on dit    (Fr. m. sing./pl.), gossip ("people say")

   one-and-twenty
             etc. (hyphens)

   one-eighth
             see fractions

   Oneida    socialist community started at Lake Oneida, NY, US, 1847

   one-idea'd
             (hyphen)

   O'Neill (Eugene Gladstone)
             1888-1953, US playwright; -- (Moira), pseud. of Agnes Higginson
             Skrine, fl. 1900, Irish poet; -- of the Maine (Baron); family
             name of Baron Rathcavan

   oneiro/critic, -logy, -mancy
             interpreter of study of, divination by dreams, not oniro-

   oneness   (a not an) (one word)

   one-off   made as one only (hyphen)

   oneself   is reflexive or intensive; one's self, one's personal entity

   one-sided (hyphen)

   ONF       Old Norman-French

   ongoing   continuing (one word)

   onirocritic
             etc., use oneiro-

   onlook/er, -ing
             (one word)

   on ne passe pas
             (Fr.), no thoroughfare

   o.n.o.    or near(est) offer

   onomastic/
             relating to names; -on, a vocabulary of proper names

   onomatopoe/ia, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ical, -ically
             word-formation by imitation of sound; abbr. onomat.

   onomatopo/‰sis, -etic, etically
             not -poie-

   onrush    (one word)

   onshore   (adj. and adv., one word)

   onside    (sport) (one word)

   Ontario   Canada; abbr. Ont.

   on to     (two words)

   ontolog/y metaphysical study of the essence of things; -ize, not -ise

   onus/     burden, pl. -es (not ital.)

   onus probandi
             (Lat.), burden of proof (ital.)

   %         per cent

15.16 Oodeypore...
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   Oodeypore India, use Udaipur

   oolong    a tea, not ou-

   oomiak    Eskimo boat (not the many variants)

   oopak     a tea, not -ack

   Oostende  Fl. for Ostend

   Ootacamund
             Madras, India, not Utakamand; colloq. abbr. Ooty

   oozy      muddy, not -ey

15.17 OP...
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   OP        observation post, Ordinis Praedicatorum (of the Order of
             Preachers, or Dominicans)

   op.       operation; optime, q.v.

   o.p.      overproof; (theat.) opposite the prompter's side, or the actor's
             right; (bibliog.) out of print

   op.       (Lat.), opus (work), opera (works)

   op art    art in geometrical form giving the illusion of movement (no
             point)

   op. cit.  opere citato (in the work quoted) (not ital.)

   OPEC      Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

   open-and-shut case
             (two hyphens)

   open-door policy
             opportunity for free trade (one hyphen)

   open-heart
             of surgery (hyphen)

   open/-hearted, -mouthed
             (hyphens)

   open-plan (ad., hyphen)

   Open Sesame
             (caps., two words)

   open-work/, -ed, -ing
             (hyphens)

   opera     see opus

   operable  that can be operated (on)

   opera buffa
             (It.), comic opera; in Fr. op‚ra bouffe

   Op‚ra-Comique
             Paris theatre (hyphen)

   op‚ra comique
             (Fr. m.), opera with spoken dialogue

   opera/-glass, -house
             (hyphens)

   opera seria
             (It.), 18th-c. opera on heroic theme

   operation abbr. op., in pl. ops.

   opercul/um
             (biol.), a cover; pl. -a (not ital.)

   opere/ citato
             (Lat.), in the work quoted, abbr. op. cit.; -- in medio, in the
             midst of the work

   operetta/ light opera, pl. -s

   ophicleide
             (mus.) serpent, bass or alto key-bugle, not -eid

   ophiolatry
             worship of serpents

   ophiology study of serpents, not ophid-

   ophthalmic
             of the eye

   Opie (Amelia)
             1769-1853, English novelist, wife of -- (John), 1761-1807,
             English painter

   opinion poll
             (two words)

   o.p.n.    ora pro nobis (pray for us)

   opodeldoc a liniment

   opopanax  a perfume

   Oporto    Portugal; in Port. Porto

   opp.      opposed, opposite

   oppress/or
             not -er

   ops.      operations

   opt.      optative, optical, optician, optics

   optical centring
             (typ.), positioning on page of a title or passage of verse so
             that it appears to the reader to be centred, although by
             measurement it is not

   optime    at Cambridge, one next in merit to a wrangler (q.v.) (not
             ital.); abbr. op.

   optimize  to make the best of not -ise

   optim/um  pl. -a

   opus/     (Lat.), a work, pl. opera (not ital. in mus.), abbr. op.; --
             magnum, a great work, pl. opera magna. See also magnum opus

   opuscul/um
             (Lat.), a small work, an essay; pl. -a; in Eng. opuscule/, pl.
             -s

   opus number
             (mus.) (two words)

   opus/operantis
             (Lat.), the effect of a sacrament resulting from the spiritual
             disposition of the recipient (the Protestant view); -- operatum,
             ditto resulting from the grace flowing from the sacrament itself
             (the RC view)

15.18 OR...
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   OR        operational research, Oregon (off. postal abbr.), other ranks

   or        two or more singular subjects joined by or take the verb in the
             singular number, e.g. John or William is going. Where or joins
             the last two words of a list, a comma, e.g. black, white, or
             green

   or        (her.), gold

   or.       oriental

   o.r.      owner's risk

   ora       (Lat. pl.), mouths; see os

   orangeade not -gade

   Orange Free State
             prov. of S.  Africa (three words), abbr. OFS

   Orange/ism
             extreme Irish Protestantism, not -gism; -man (one word, cap.)

   Orangeman's Day
             12 July

   orange-peel
             (hyphen)

   orang/-utan
             not ourang-, -outang, -utang (hyphen, not ital.)

   Oranmore and Browne (Baron)


   ora pro nobis
             (Lat.), pray for us; abbr. o.p.n.

   orat.     orator, -ical, -ically

   oratio/ obliqua
             (Lat.), indirect speech; -- recta, direct speech.  Manner of
             reporting speech, e.g. "I am glad", he said, "to see you again"
             (recta); He said that he was glad to see me again (obliqua)

   oratorio/ pl. -s; -- (titles of) (typ.), when cited, to be in ital.

   orc       a killer whale, not ork

   Orcadian  of Orkney

   orchid    member of a family of mainly exotic flowering plants; orchis,
             (esp. wild) orchid or one of genus Orchis

   Orczy (Baroness Emmuska)
             1865-1947, Hungarian-born English novelist

   ord.      ordained, order, ordinal, ordinance, ordinary

   Order     abbr. O.; when referring to a society, to be cap., as the Order
             of Jesuits

   order/    abbr. ord. (see also botany, zoology); -- -book, -clerk, -form
             (hyphens)

   ordin/al, -ance
             (a regulation), -ary, abbr. ord.

   ordnance  artillery, mil. stores

   Ordnance/ Survey Department
             (caps.), abbr. OSD; -- datum (one cap.), the standard sea-level
             of the Ordnance Survey, abbr. OD

   ordonnance
             the proper disposition of parts of a building or picture (not
             ital.)

   Ordovician
             (geol.)

   ordre du jour
             (Fr. m.), agenda of a meeting

   ”re       coin of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, one-hundredth of kron/a, -e

   Oreg.     Oregon (off. abbr.)

   oregano   dried leaves of wild marjoram used for seasoning. See also
             origan

   O'Rell (Max)
             1848-1903, pseud. of Paul Blouet, French author and journalist

   oreo/graphy, -logy
             use oro-

   Orestieia trilogy by Aeschylus, 458 BC

   ore-weed  use oarweed

   orfЉvrerie
             (Fr. f.), goldsmith's work

   orfray    use orphrey

   org.      organ,-ic ,-ism,-ization, -ized

   organdie  dress fabric, not -di, -dy; in Fr. m. organdi

   organize  not -ise

   organ/on  a system of logic, not -um

   organza   thin transparent dress fabric

   org/y     not -ie; pl. -ies

   oriel     small room built out from a wall; its window

   Oriel College
             Oxford

   Orient (the)
             the East

   orient    (verb), to site building so as to face east; orientate is
             established usage in fig. senses

   oriental/ -ist; abbr. or. or orient.

   orientalize
             not -ise (not cap.)

   orientate see orient

   oriflamme banner, not -flamb

   orig.     origin, -al, -ally, -ate, -ated

   origan    wild marjoram of genus Origanum. See also oregano

   Origen    185-253, a Father of the Church

   original  (Sp. typ.), copy

   Origin of Species (The)
             by C.  Darwin, 1859

   orinasal  of the mouth and nose, not oro-

   Orinoco   river, S. America. See also oro-

   oriole    a bird

   ork       use orc

   Orkney    region of Scotland

   Orkneys   island-group

   Orl‚ans   (House of, d‚p. France) (‚); Orlean/ism, -ist (no accent in
             Eng.)

   Orme's Head (Great and Little)
             Gwynedd (apos.)

   ormolu    a gold-coloured alloy (not ital.)

   Ormonde (Marquess of)


   Ormuzd    Zoroastrian spirit of good, not the many variants

   orn/‚     (Fr.), fem. -‚e, adorned

   ornith.   ornitholog/y, -ical

   Ornithorhynchus
             the duck-billed platypus

   orogen/esis
             (geol.), process of formation of mountains; -etic, -ic

   oro/graphy
             -logy, mountain description and science, not oreo-

   oronasal  use ori-

   oronoco   a Virginian tobacco, not the many variants

   Oroonoko  by Aphra Behn, c.1678

   orotund   magniloquent

   Orphe/us  (Gr. myth.), a Thracian lyrist; -an, like his music; entrancing

   Orphic    pertaining to Orphism, the mystic cult connected with Orpheus

   orphrey   an ornamental border, not orfray

   orpine    purple-flowered plant, not -pin

   orrery    model of planetary system

   orris/    lace or embroidery, iris plant; -- -powder, -root, used for
             perfume (hyphens)

   Or San Michele
             church at Florence, not -- Saint --

   Ortega y Gasset (Jos‚)
             1883-1955, Spanish philosopher

   ortho-    (chem. prefix) (ital.)

   orthoepy  (correct) pronunciation of words

   orthopaedic
             concerned with the cure of bone deformities, esp. in the young,
             not -pedic

   ortolan   small edible bird (not ital.)

   Orvieto   Italian white wine

15.19 OS...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   OS        Old Saxon, -- School, -- Series, -- Side, -- Style (before
             1752), old style (type), ordinary seaman, Ordnance Survey,
             (clothing) outsize

   Os        osmium (no point)

   o.s.      only son

   o/s       out of stock, outstanding

   os        (Lat.), a bone; pl. ossa

   os        (Lat.), a mouth; pl. ora

   OSA       Order of St Augustine

   Osaka     Japan, not Oz-

   OSB       Order of St Benedict

   Osborn (Sherard)
             1822-75, British rear-admiral and Arctic explorer

   Osborne   IW

   Osborne   family name of Duke of Leeds; -- (John James), b. 1929, British
             playwright

   Osbourne (Lloyd)
             1868-1947, writer (stepson of R. L. Stevenson)

   oscill/ate
             to fluctuate; -ation, -ator, -atory, -ogram, -ograph, -oscope

   oscul/ate to kiss, adhere closely; -ant, -ation, -atory

   oscul/um  (Lat.), a kiss, pl. -a; osculum pacis, the kiss of peace

   OSD       Ordnance Survey Department, Order of St Dominic

   Oset      use Ossett

   OSF       Order of St Francis

   O.Sl.     Old Slavonic

   Osler (Sir William)
             1849-1919, Canadian physician

   Oslo      formerly Christiania, capital of Norway

   Osmanli   of the family of Osman (1259-1326, not Othman; founder of the
             Ottoman empire), not -lee, -lie, -ly (not ital.)

   osmium    symbol Os

   o.s.p.    use ob.s.p.

   ossa      (Lat. pl.), bones; see os

   ossein    bone cartilage, not -eine

   Ossett    W. Yorks., not Oset, Osset

   ossia     (It. mus.), or

   Ossory, Ferns, and Leighlin (Bishop of)


   o.s.t.    (naut.), ordinary spring tides

   Ostend    Belgium; in Fr. Ostende, in Fl. Oostende

   ostensibl/e
             outwardly professed; -y

   ostensive/
             indicating by demonstration; -ly

   osteomyelitis
             inflammation of the marrow of the bone (one word)

   osteria   (It.), an inn

   ™sterreich/
             (Ger.), Austria, not Oe-; -- -Ungarn, Ger. for Austria-Hungary

   Ostiaks   use Osty-

   ostinato/ (mus.), repeated melodic figure, pl. -s

   ostrac/on a potsherd, used in anc.  Greece for inscribing and voting, pl.
             -a (not -k-); -ize, to banish dangerously powerful citizen by
             votes recorded in this way, to exclude from favour, not -ise;
             -ism

   Ostrovsky (Alexander Nikolaevich)
             1823-86, Russian playwright

   Ostyaks   of W. Siberia, not Osti-

   O.Sw.     Old Swedish

   Oswaldtwistle
             Lancs., not -sle

15.20 OT...
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   OT        occupational therapy, Old Testament

   Otaheite  now Tahiti

   OTC       now STC

   O tempora! O mores!
             (Lat.), what times, what manners!

   O.Teut.   Old Teutonic

   other-world/ly, -liness
             (hyphen)

   Othman    use Osman

   otium/    (Lat.), leisure; -- cum dignitate, leisure with dignity; -- sine
             dignitate, leisure without dignity

   otolith   an ear-stone, not -lite (not ital.)

   otorhinolaryngology
             study of ears, nose, and larynx

   ottar     (of roses), use attar

   ottava rima
             (It.), stanza of eight lines, as in Byron's Don Juan

   Ottawa    Canada, not Otto-

   otto      (of roses), use attar

   Ottoman/  a Turk; pl. -s (cap.)

   ottoman/  a sofa, a fabric; pl. -s (not cap.)

   Otway (Thomas)
             1652-85, English playwright

15.21 OU...
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   OU        Open University, Oxford University

   Ouagadougou
             Upper Volta

   oubliette a dungeon (not ital.)

   Oudenarde Belgium; battle of -- 1708. In mod. Fr., Audenarde, Fl.
             Oudenaarde

   Oudh      India, not Oude

   OUDS      Oxford University Dramatic Society

   Ouida     see Ram‚e

   ou‹-dire  (Fr. m. sing./pl.), hearsay

   Ouija     propr. term for a board used in spiritualistic seances (cap.)

   oukaz     use ukase

   Ouless (Walter William)
             1848-1933 British painter

   oulong    use oo-

   ounce/, -s
             abbr. oz.  (See Figure 2 in topic FRONT_4)

             organization controlled by Oxford University. See also Clarendon
             Press

   ourang-outang
             see orang-utan

   Our/ Father, -- Lady, -- Lord, -- Saviour
             (caps.)

   ours      (no apos.)

   ousel     use ouz-

   out       (typ.), an accidental omission of copy in composition

   out-      prefixed to a verb forms a single word unless the verb begins
             with t, as out-talk, out-turn

   out-and-out
             unreserved(ly) (hyphens)

   out/back  (noun), -board, -building (one word)

   outcast   (person) cast out, the gen.  word

   outcaste  (Ind.), (person) with no caste

   out/dated, -door
             (adj.), -doors (noun and adv.) (one word)

   Outeniqua Mountains
             S Africa

   outer     (typ.), the side of a sheet containing the signature and first
             page

   outfield  (sport) (one word)

   outfit/, -ted, -ter, -ting


   outgo/    expenditure pl. -es

   outgrowth (one word)

   out-herod (hyphen), should be followed by Herod

   outhouse  (one word)

   outl/ie, -ier, -ying


   outmanoeuvre
             (one word) (US outmaneuver)

   outmoded  (one word)

   out/ of date
             -- of doors (hyphens when attrib.), -- of sorts, unwell, (typ.)
             having any letter in a hand-setting fount all used

   out-patient
             (hyphen)

   output/   (verb), -ting; past and partic. output

   outrance (…)
             (Fr.), to the bitter end, not … l'-

   outr/‚    (Fr.), fem. -‚e, eccentric

   out/rider, -rush, -size
             (one word)

   outspan   (S. Afr.), to unyoke; unyoking place

   out/standing, -station
             (one word)

   outstrip/, -ped, -ping


   outswinger
             (sport) (hyphen)

   out/-talk, -tray, -turn
             (hyphens)

   outv/ie, -ier, -ying
             (one word)

   outward bound
             (hyphen when attrib.)

   Outward Bound Trust
             (no hyphen)

   outwit/, -ted, -ting


   outwork   (one word)

   ouvert/   (Fr.), fem. -e, open

   ouvri/er  (Fr.), a workman fem.  -Љre

   ouzel     a bird, not ous-

   ouzo/     Greek drink pl. -s

15.22 ovenware...
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   ovenware  (one word)

   overact   (one word)

   over-active
             (hyphen)

   overall   (noun, adv., and adj., one word)

   over-anxious
             (hyphen)

   over/balance, -blown, -board, -book, -burden(some)
             (one word)

   over-careful
             (hyphen)

   overcast  (meteor.), abbr. o.

   over-confiden/ce, -t
             (hyphen)

   overcrowd/, -ed
             (one word)

   Over Darwen
             Lancs., use Darwen

   overdevelop/, -ed, -ing
             (one word)

   overemphas/is, -ize
             not -ise (one word)

   Overijssel
             province. of Netherlands

   over/joyed, -land
             (one word)

   over/-large, -many
             (hyphens)

   over/look, -night, -pass
             (one word)

   over/-populate, -produce
             (hyphens)

   over/rate, -reach
             (one word)

   over-react
             (hyphen)

   over/ride, -ripe, -rule
             (one word)

   overrun   (typ.), to transfer words from one line to the next (one word)

   oversea/, -s
             (one word)

   over/-sensitive, -sexed
             (hyphens)

   oversight (one word)

   over/-simplify, -subscribe, -use
             (hyphens)

   over/value, -view, -weight, -work
             (one word)

   Ovid      (in Lat., Publius Ovidius Naso), 43 BC-AD 17, Roman poet

   ovol/o    (archit.), a moulding; pl. -i

   ov/um     an egg; pl. -a (not ital.)

15.23 Owens College...
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   Owens College
             Manchester (no apos.)

   owner     abbr. O.

15.24 Ox....
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   Ox.       or Oxf., Oxford

   Oxbridge  Oxford and Cambridge Universities regarded collectively

   Oxenstjerna (Count Axel)
             1583-1654, Swedish statesman

   ox-eye/   (hyphen); ox-eye daisy

   Oxfam     Oxford Committee for Famine Relief

   Oxford Almanack
             not -ac

   Oxford English Dictionary (The)
             abbr. OED, not NED

   Oxford hollow
             (bind.), a flattened paper tube attached to the back of the
             gatherings and to the spine of the binding; this type of binding

   Oxfordshire
             abbr. Oxon.

             abbr. OUP, q.v.

   oxhide    (one word)

   oxide     not -id, -yd, -yde

   oxidization, oxidation
             not oxy-

   oxidize   etc., not -ise, oxy-

   Oxon.     Oxfordshire, (Lat.) Oxonia (Oxford), Oxoniensis (of Oxford)

   Oxon:     sig. of Bp. of Oxford (colon)

   oxtail    (one word)

   oxy-acetylene
             (hyphen)

   oxychloride
             not oxi-

   oxyd/e, -ation, -ize
             use oxi-

   oxygen/   symbol O; -ize, not -ise

   Oxyrhynchus
             Egypt, source of papyri

   oxytone   (Gr. gram.), (word) with acute accent on last syllable

15.25 oyez!
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   oyez!     hear ye! not oyes

15.26 oz....
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   oz.       ounce, -s (not now in scientific use)

   Ozaka     Japan, use Os-

16.0 P
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16.1 P...
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   P         (car) park, (chess) pawn, (as prefix) peta-, phosphorus, (phys.)
             poise, the fifteenth in a series

   P.        pastor, post, president, prince, (Fr.) PЉre (Father), (Lat.)
             Papa (Pope), Pater (Father), pontifex (a bishop), populus
             (people)

   p         penny, pennies, pence (see decimal currency); (as prefix) pico-

   p.        page, participle, (meteor.)  passing showers, passive, past,
             per, (Fr.) pass‚ (past), pied (foot), pouce (inch), pour (for),
             (Lat.) partim (in part), per (through), pius (holy), pondere (by
             weight), post (after), primus (first), pro (for)

   p-        (chem.), para-

   p         (mech.) pressure; (mus.) piano (softly)

   °         (typ.) the paragraph mark

16.2 PA...
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   PA        Pennsylvania (off. postal abbr.), personal assistant, Press
             Association, public address, Publishers Association

   Pa        (phys.), pascal, (chem.)  protactinium (no point)

   Pa.       Pennsylvania (off. abbr.)

   p.a.      per annum (yearly)

   Paarl     Cape Province, S. Africa

   pabulum   food (not ital.)

   PABX      private automatic branch exchange

   pace/     (Lat.), with due respect to (one holding a different view), --
             tua, by your leave

   pacha     use pasha

   pachyderm a thick-skinned mammal

   pachymeter
             instrument for measuring small thicknesses, not pacho-. See also
             micrometer

   package/, -s
             abbr. pkg.; -- holiday, -- tour (two words)

   pack-drill
             (hyphen)

   packet/, -ed, -ing


   pack/-horse, -saddle
             (hyphens)

   packing/-box, -case, -needle, -sheet
             (hyphens)

   packthread
             (one word)

   pad/, -ded, -ding


   paddle/-boat, -steamer, -wheel
             (hyphens)

   Paderewski (lgnace Jan)
             1860-1941, pianist, first Premier of Polish Rep., 1919

   Padishah  a title applied to the Shah of Iran, the Sultan of Turkey, the
             Great Mogul, and the (British) Emperor of India; in Pers.
             padshah

   padlock   (one word)

   padre     (colloq.), a chaplain

   padre     (It., Port., Sp.), father, applied also to a priest

   padron/e  (It.), a master, employer; pl. i

   Padua     in It. Padova

   paduasoy  strong corded silk fabric, not the many variants

   p.ae.     partes aequales (equal parts)

   paean     a song of triumph. See also paeon, peon

   paedagogy use ped-

   paederast/, -y
             use ped-

   paediatric/
             (med.), relating to children (esp. their diseases) -s, the
             science; -ian

   paedo/baptism, -philia
             not ped- (one word)

   paella    dish of rice and meat or fish

   paeon     (Gr. and Lat. prosody), a foot of one long and three short
             syllables. See also paean, peon

   paeony    use peony

   Paesiello (Giovauni)
             1740-1816, Italian composer of operas

   Paganini  (Niccol•), 1782-1840, Italian violinist and composer

   paganize  not -ise

   page      (typ.), one side of a leaf; type, film, etc., made up for
             printing on this; abbr. p., pl. pp.  See also pagination

   paginate  to number pages consecutively

   pagination
             (typ.), the numbering of the pages of a book, journal, etc.; may
             be in headline or at foot of page; generally omitted on opening
             pages of chapters, main sections, etc. See also preliminary
             matter

   paging    not page-; (comp.), method of presenting text for editing on VDU
             in static full-screen units.  See also scrolling

   Pagliacci (I)
             opera by Leoncavallo, 1892

   Pahang    see Malaya (Federation of)

   Pahlanpur Rajasthan, India, use Pal-

   Pahlavi   language of Persia under Sassanians, not Pehlevi

   paid      abbr. pd.

   paillasse (Fr. f.), a straw-mattress, in Eng. palliasse

   pailles/  (Fr. cook. f.), straws; -- de parmesan, cheese-straws

   Pain      (Barry Eric Odell), 1864-1928, English humorous writer. See also
             Paine, Payn, Payne

   pain      (Fr. m.), bread

   Paine (Thomas)
             1737-1809, English-born political philosopher and American
             patriot, author of The Rights of Man. See also Pain, Payn, Payne

   painim    a pagan, use pay-

   paint.    painting

   paintings (titles of), when cited, to be in italic

   paintwork (one word)

   pair/, -s abbr. pr.

   pais/a    coin of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, pl. -e

   Paisano/  (Mex.), nickname for a Spaniard; pl. -s

   pajamas   US form of pyjamas

   Pak.      Pakistan, -i

   pakeha    (Maori), a white man

   Pakistan/ independent rep. 1956; left Commonwealth 1972; adj. -i; abbr.
             Pak. See also Bangladesh

   Pal.      Palestine

   Palaearctic
             (zool.), of northern Old World, not Palaeoarctic

   palaeo-   prefix ( = ancient), not -eo-

   palaeography
             study of anc. writing; abbr. palaeog.

   palaeolithic
             (archaeol.) (not cap.)

   palaeology
             study of antiquities, not paleo-

   palaeontology
             study of fossils; abbr. palaeont.; (typ.) genera, species, and
             varieties to be italic, other divisions roman. See also botany,
             zoology

   Palaeozoic
             (geol.), not Paleo (cap.)

   palaestra a Gr. or Rom. wrestling-school, not pale-

   palais    (Fr. m.), palace (rom. for dance-hall)

   Palanpur  Rajasthan, India, not Pahl-

   palatable not -cable

   palate    roof of the mouth, sense of taste. See also palette, pallet

   palazz/o  (It.), palace; pl. i

   pal/e     -ish

   paleo-    prefix, use palaeo-

   Palestin/e
             abbr. Pal.; adj. -ian

   palestra  use palaestra

   paletot   an overcoat (no accent, not ital.)

   palette/  artist's thin portable board for colour-mixing; -knife (hyphen).
             See alto palate, pallet

   Palgrave (Francis Turner)
             1824-97, English anthologist

   Pali      language of Buddhist scriptures

   palindrom/e
             word or phrase reading the same backwards as forwards; adj. -ic

   Palladian characterized by wisdom or learning, after Pallas, epithet of
             Gr. goddess Athena; also a Renaissance modification of the
             classic Roman style of architecture, from Andrea Palladio,
             1518-80, Italian architect

   palladium image of Pallas Athena; also metallic element, symbol Pd

   pallet    mattress, projection on a machine or clock, valve in an organ,
             platform for carrying loads. See also palate, palette

   palliasse a straw-mattress; in Fr.  f. paillasse

   palliat/e to alleviate, minimize; -ive (adj. and noun)

   Pall Mall London street (two words)

   pallor    paleness, not -our

   Pallottine Fathers
             RC society of priests

   Palmers Green
             London (no apos.)

   palmetto/ small palm-tree, pl. -s

   palm/-honey, -oil
             (hyphens)

   Palm Sunday
             one before Easter (two words, caps.)

   Palomar (Mount)
             (observatory, telescope), Calif., US

   palp/us   insect's feeler; pl. -i

   palsgrav/e
             count palatinate; fem. -ine

   pam.      pamphlet

   Pamir     tableland in Cent. Asia, not -irs

   pampas-grass
             (hyphen)

   Pan.      Panama

   panacea   a cure-all (not ital.)

   pan/-African
             -American (but Pan American Airways, Union), -Anglican
             (hyphens.)

   panakin   use pannikin

   Panama/   Cent. America; abbr. Pan.; adj. -nian

   Pandean pipes
             not -aean (cap.)

   pandect   a treatise covering the whole of a subject (pl., cap) the digest
             of Roman law made under the Emperor Justinian in the sixth
             century

   pandemonium
             utter confusion, not pandae-

   Pandit    (Mrs Vijaya Lakshmi), b.  1900, Indian diplomat

   pandit    use pundit, but Pandit (cap.) as Indian title

   P. & O.   Peninsular and Oriental Steamship Company

   p. & p.   postage and packing

   panegyr/ic
             a formal speech or essay of praise; -ical, -ist, -ize, not -ise

   panel/, -led, -ling


   panem et circenses
             (Lat.), bread and circus games

   paner     (Fr. cook.), to dress with egg and breadcrumbs

   pan-Hellen/ic, -ism
             (hyphen)

   panic/, -ked, -ky


   panikin   use pannikin

   pan-Islam/
             -ic (hyphen)

   Panizzi (Sir Antonio)
             1797-1879, Italian-born English librarian

   Panjab    use Punjab

   panjandrum
             a mock title

   pannikin  a little pan, not pana-, pani-, -can

   pan-pipe  not Pan's -- (hyphen)

   pan-Slav/ic
             -ism, not pan-Scl-

   pantagraph
             use panto-

   Pantaloon the lean old man of Italian comedy

   panta rhei
             (Gr.), all things are in a state of flux

   pantheon  temple to all gods, (cap.)  circular one in Rome

   Panth‚on  Paris

   pantihose women's tights (one word)

   panto/    colloq. for pantomime, pl.  -s

   pantograph
             instrument for copying to scale, framework for transmitting
             overhead current to electric vehicle, not panta-, penta-

   panzer/   (Ger.), armoured; -- division (two words)

   Papa      (Lat.), Pope; abbr. P.

   papal/, -ly


   Papal States (the)
             (hist.) (caps.)

   Papandreou (Andreas Georgios)
             b.  1919, Greek economist and politician; -- (Georgios),
             1888-1968, his father, Greek statesman

   papaw     a small N. American deciduous tree, or its edible fruit; a
             tropical Amer. evergreen tree, or its edible fruit; not pawpaw,
             papaya

   papaya    use papaw

   paperback a type of book (one word)

   paper sizes
             see crown, demy, DIN, elephant, foolscap, imperial, medium,
             post, pott, royal, small royal. See also book sizes

   papet/ier (Fr.), fem. -iЉre, a stationer

   Papier    (Ger. n.), paper (cap.)

   papier    (Fr. m.), paper (not cap.)

   papier mѓch‚
             moulded paper pulp (two words, not ital.)

   papill/a  a small protuberance on a living surface,pl. -ae; -ary,
             -ate,-ose

   papillon  (Fr. m.), butterfly

   papoose   N. American Indian infant, not papp-

   Papst     (Ger. m.), Pope .(cap.)

   Papua New Guinea/
             indep. 1975, adj.  -n; abbr. PNG

   papyr/us  anc. writing-material or MS written on it, pl. -i; -ology, the
             study of papyri, -ologist

   par       equality (of exchange etc.) (no point). See also parr

   par.      paragraph, parallel, parish

   par       (Fr.), by, out of in, through

   Par       Brazil, now Belem

   para-     (chem. prefix) (ital.)

   Para.     Paraguay

   para(s)   paragraph(s)

   paradisaical
             not -iacal

   paraffin  not -fine

   paragon   (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 20 pt.

   paragraph a distinct section of type-matter on page; (typ.) in
             conversation, one for each fresh speaker or interruption. First
             line usually indented one em. Last line should have more than
             five letters.  Abbr. par., pl. pars., paras.

   Paraguay/ S. Amer.; adj. -an; abbr.  Para.

   parakeet  not paraquet, -oquet, -okeet, parr-

   paralipomena
             OT books of Chronicles, not -leip-

   paralips/is
             drawing attention to a subject by affecting not to mention it,
             pl. -es, not -leipsis, -lepsis, -lepsy

   parallel/ abbr. par.; -ed, -ing

   parallelepiped
             a solid figure bounded by six parallelograms, not -ipiped,
             -opiped

   paralogize
             to reason falsely, not -ise

   paralyse  not -ise, -ize, -yze

   Paramatta use Parra-

   paramecium
             (zool.), not -aecium, -oecium

   parameter (math.), variable factor constant in a particular case; avoid in
             gen. use

   paranoi/a insanity characterized by delusions, not -noea; -ac, -d

   paraph    the flourish at the end of a signature

   paraphernalia
             (pl.), miscellaneous personal belongings

   paraquat  a herbicide

   paraquet  use parakeet

   parasitize
             not -ise

   paratroops
             airborne parachute troops

   parbleu!  (Fr. colloq.), an exclamation of surprise

   parcel/, -led, -ling


   parcel post
             (two words)

   parcen/ary
             (law),joint heirship; -er, joint heir

   parchment/
             inner split sheep skin prepared for writing; -- -paper,
             imitation parchment (hyphen)

   parcimony etc., use parsi-

   parenthes/is
             pl. -es, abbr.  parens., the upright curves (). See also
             brackets, punctuation X

   parenthesize
             to insert as a parenthesis, not -ise

   parerg/on a subsidiary work; pl. -a (not ital.)

   par/ excellence
             (Fr.), pre-eminently; -- exemple, for example, abbr. p. ex

   pargana   (lnd.), a parish, not perguunah

   par hasard
             (Fr.), by chance, not -- haz-

   parheli/on
             a mock sun; pl. -a

   pariah    (lnd.), one of low or no caste; a social outcast

   pari mutuel
             (Fr.), a totalizator

   pari passu
             (Lat.), at the same rate

   parish/   abbr. par.; -- priest, abbr. PP

   Parisian  of Paris (cap.); Parisienne (Fr. f.), a woman of Paris (cap.)

   park      abbr. P or pk.

   Park      (Mungo), 1771-1806, Scottish traveller in Africa

   parka     Eskimo hooded jackct

   Parkinson's/ disease
             shaking palsy, studied by James Parkinson (1755-1824); -- law,
             the law, facetiously expounded by C. N. Parkinson, that work
             expands to fill the time available for it

   Parliament/
             (cap.), abbr. Parl; -- House, Edin., the Scottish Law Courts.
             See also Assemblies

   Parmesan  a hard cheese made at Parma and elsewhere

   Parnass/us (Mount)
             Greece, sacred to the Muses; adj. -ian, poetic

   parochialize
             not -ise

   parokeet  use parakeet

   parol     (law), oral, not written, not -le

   parol/e   prisoner's promise not to escape, (mil.) a word of honour; as
             verb, partic. -ing; -ee, one paroled

   paronomasia
             word-play

   paroquet  use parakeet

   paroxysm  a fit of pain, passion, laughter

   paroxytone
             (Gr. gram.), (word) with acute accent on last syllable but one

   parquet/  wooden flooring; as verb, past and partic. -ed; -ry; in Fr.  f.
             parqueterie

   Parr      (Catherine), 1512-48, last wife of Henry VIII; (Thomas, "Old"),
             ?1483-1635, English centenarian

   parr      a young salmon, not par

   parrakeet use parakeet

   Parramatta
             NSW, not -mata, Para-

   parramatta
             light dress fabric (not cap.)

   Parratt (Sir Walter)
             1841-1924, English organist

   parricid/e
             murder(er) of a near relative or of a revered person; adj. -al.
             See also patri-

   Parrish's chemical food

   parroquet use parakeet

   pars.     paragraphs

   parsec    (astr.), a unit of distance, 3.26 light-years, abbr. pc

   Parsee/   a descendant of the Zoroastrians who fled from Persia to India
             in the eighth century pl. -s; not -si

   Parsifal  opera by Wagner, 1879

   parsimon/y
             meanness, adj. -ious, not parci-

   parsnip   (hort.), not -ep

   part      abbr. pt.

   part.     participle

   partable  (law), use -ible

   parterre  a flower-bed, or garden (not ital.); also area in theatre
             between orchestra and audience

   partes aequales
             (Lat.), equal parts; abbr. p. ae.

   part-exchange
             (noun and verb, hyphen)

   Parthenon temple of Athena on Acropolis at Athens

   Parthian shot
             etc., glance or remark made when turning away (one cap.)

   parti     (Fr. m.), party (faction), match (marriage), resolution (good or
             bad)

   partible  (law), that must be divided, not -able

   participator
             not -er

   participle
             a verbal adjective; abbr. P. or part.

   particoloured
             variegated, not party- (one word)

   particularize
             not -ise

   partie/   (Fr. f), part; -- carr‚e, a party of two men and two women

   partim    (Lat.), in part; abbr. p.

   parti pris
             (Fr. m.), foregone conclusion, prejudice

   partisan  an adherent of a party (freq. derog.), (mil.) a member of a
             resistance movement, not -zan

   partout   (Fr.), everywhere

   part/-owner, -song
             (hyphens)

   part time (hyphen when attrib.)

   party     (Conservative, Labour, Liberal, etc.) (not cap. p)

   party-coloured
             use partic-

   party line
             (two words)

   party-wall
             (hyphen)

   parvenu/  fem. -e, pl. -s, -es, an upstart (not ital.)

   Pasadena  Calif., US

   pascal    (phys.), SI unit of pressure; abbr. Pa

   Pas-de-Calais
             d‚p. N. France (hyphens); Pas de Calais (Fr. m.), Strait of
             Dover (three words)

   pas de/ chat
             (Fr. m.), special leap in ballet; -- -- deux, dance for two; --
             -- quatre, ditto four; -- -- trois, ditto three

   pasha/    (Turk.), a title placed after the name, not -cha; in Fr. m.
             pacha; -lic, pasha's province

   Pashto    language of the Pathans, not -u, Push-

   paso doble
             (Sp.), ballroom dance in march style

   pass.     passive

   passable  that may be passed. See also passible

   passacaglia
             (mus.), instrumental piece based on old dance

   passbook  (one word)

   Passchendaele
             Belgium, battle (1917)

   pass/‚    (Fr.), fem. -‚e, past, faded; abbr. p.

   passed master
             use past

   passementerie
             (Fr. f.), embroidery, not passi-

   passe-partout
             master-key, (picture-frame using) adhesive tape (not ital.)

   pas seul  (Fr. m.), dance for one person

   Passfield see Webb

   passible  capable of feeling. See also passable

   passim    (Lat.), here and there throughout

   Passion Week
             follows Passion Sunday (fifth in lent)

   passive   abbr. p. or pass.

   passkey   (one word)

   pass-mark (hyphen)

   password  (one word)

   past      abbr. p.

   pastel/   artist's crayon; -list. See also pastille

   Pasternak (Boris Leonidovich)
             1890-1960, Russian novelist and poet

   pasteurize
             to sterilize, not -ise

   pastiche  medley

   pastille  confection, odorizer, not -il. See also pastel

   past master
             former master in guild, expert, not passed --

   pastoral/e
             (mus.), a pastoral composition; pl. -es

   pat.      patent, -ed

   Pata.     Patagonia

   patchouli perfume from Indian plant, not -ly

   patchwork (one word)

   pѓt‚/     paste of meat, fish, etc.  (not ital.); -- de foie gras, a
             spiced paste of goose-liver

   patell/a  (anat.), kneecap; pl. -ae; adj. -ar

   paten     dish used at Eucharist, circular metal plate, not -in, -ine

   Patent Office
             abbr. Pat. Off.

   Pater     (Lat.), Father; abbr. P.

   paterfamilias
             father of a family

   paternoster
             the Lord's Prayer (esp.  in Lat.), bead in rosary, series (esp.
             moving compartments)

   pater patriae
             (Lat.), father of his country

   Paterson (William)
             1658-1719, British founder of the Bank of England

   Paterson  NJ, US

   path.     patholog/y, -ical

   Path‚tique
             name of sonata by Beethoven and symphony by Tchaikovsky

   Patiala   E. Punjab, India

   patin/, -e
             use paten

   patio/    inner court, paved area of garden, pl. -s

   pѓtiss/erie
             pastry (rom.); pѓtiss/ier, fem. -iЉre (Fr. f.)  pastry-cook
             (ital.)

   Patna     rice (cap.)

   patois    a dialect of the common people, jargon, pl. same (not ital.)

   Patres/   (Lat.), fathers, abbr. PP; -- Conscripti, Conscript Fathers,
             abbr. PPC

   patria potestas
             (Roman law), father's power over his family

   patricide murder(er) of one's father. See also parricide

   patrol/, -led, -ling


   patronize not -ise

   Pattenmakers Company
             not Pattern-

   Pattison (Mark)
             1813-84, Rector of Lincoln Coll., Oxford

   Patton (George Smith)
             1885-1945, US general

   PAU       Pan American Union

   pauca verba
             (Lat.), few words

   pauperize not -ise

   Pausanias (fl. c. AD 150), Greek traveller, author of "Description of
             Greece", abbr. Paus.

   pavan     stately dance, not -ane; in Fr. f. pavane

   pav‚      (Fr. m.), pavement, jewellery setting with stones close together

   pavilion  not pavill-

   pavior    one who lays pavements, not -ver, -vier, -viour; Paviors Company

   Pavlova (Anna)
             1885-1931, Russian ballet-dancer

   pawaw     use powwow

   pawn      (chess), abbr. P

   pawpaw    use papaw

   PAX       private automatic exchange

   pax vobiscum!
             (Lat.), peace be with you!

   paxwax    the neck cartilages (not the many variants)

   pay/-bed, -claim, -day
             (hyphens)

   PAYE      pay-as-you-earn, method of tax-collection

   payload   (one word)

   paymaster abbr. paymr. or PM (one word)

   Paymaster-General
             (caps., hyphen); abbr. PMG

   payment   abbr. pt.

   Payn (James)
             1830-98, English novelist and editor. See also Pain, Paine,
             Payne

   Payne     (Edward John), 1844-1904, English historian; -- (John Howard),
             1791-1852, US playwright, wrote "Home, Sweet Home". See also
             Pain, Paine, Payn

   paynim    a pagan, not pai-

   pay-off   (noun, hyphen)

   pay-packet
             (hyphen)

   pay phone (two words)

   payroll   (one word)

   paysage   (Fr. m.), landscape (painting) (ital.); paysagist, landscape
             painter (not ital.)

   Pays-Bas  (Fr. m. pl.), the Netherlands (caps., hyphen)

16.3 PB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PB        Pharmacopoeia Britannica, Plymouth Brethren, Prayer Book

   Pb        plumbum (lead) (no point)

   PBI       (mil. slang), (poor bloody) infantry(man)

   PBX       private branch exchange

16.4 PC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PC        Panama Canal, Parish Council, -or, Police Constable (q.v.),
             Privy Council, Counsellor

   pc        (astron.), parsec

   p/c       petty cash, prices current

   p.c.      per cent, police constable, postcard

   PCC       Parochial Church Council

   PCS       (Sc.), Principal Clerk of Session

16.5 PD...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PD        Pharmacopoeia Dublinensis, Postal District (London),
             privat-docent

   Pd        palladium (no point)

   pd.       paid

   p.d.      per diem, (elec.) potential difference

   p.d.q.    pretty damn quick

   PDSA      People's Dispensary for Sick Animals

16.6 PE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PE        Pharmacopoeia Edinburgensis, physical education, Port Elizabeth
             (Cape Province), potential energy, Protestant Episcopal

   p.e.      personal estate

   p/e       price/earnings ratio

   PEA       Physical Education Association of Great Britain and Northern
             Ireland

   peaceable not -cable

   peace/maker, -time
             (one word)

   peace/-offering, -pipe
             (hyphens)

   pea-chick young peafowl (hyphen)

   peach Melba
             ice-cream and peaches with liqueur, not p€che --

   pea/cock, -fowl, -hen
             (one word)

   pea-green (hyphen)

   pea-jacket
             sailor's overcoat (hyphen)

   pearl     (in knitting), use purl

   pearl     (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 5 pt.

   Pearl Harbor
             US naval base, Hawaii, not -- Harbour

   Pears (Sir Peter)
             1910-86, English tenor

   Peary (Robert Edwin)
             1856-1920, US Arctic explorer, first at N. Pole, 1909

   pease-pudding
             (hyphen)

   peat/bog, -moss, -reek
             (one word)

   peau-de-soie
             smooth silky fabric (not ital.)

   pebbl/e, -y


   p.e.c.    photoelectric cell

   peccadillo/
             a trifling offence; pl.  -es

   peccary   S. American mammal, not -i

   peccavi   confession of guilt (not ital.)

   p€che     (Fr. f.), fish/ery, -ing, peach; p€che Melba, use peach Melba

   peckoe, peco
             use pekoe

   pecorino/ It. cheese made from ewes' milk, pl. -s

   peculat/e, -or
             embezzl/e, -er

   Ped.      (mus.), pedal

   pedagog/ue
             schoolmaster (arch. and derog.); -y, -ics, science of teaching,
             not pae-

   pedal/, -led, -ling


   pederast/, -y
             not paed-

   pedlar    travelling vendor of small wares, not -er

   pedo/baptism, -philia
             use paedo-

   Peeblesshire
             former Sc. county, abbr. Peebles.

   peel      (hist.), small square tower, not pele

   Peele (George)
             ?1558-?97, English playwright

   peep/-hole, -show
             (hyphens)

   peeping Tom
             voyeur (one cap.)

   peer group
             (two words)

   peewit    the lapwing, not pewit

   Peggotty  family in Dickens's David Copperfield

   Pehlevi   use Pahlavi

   PEI       Prince Edward Island, Canada

   peignoir  a woman's loose dressing-gown

   peine forte et dure
             (Fr. f.), severe punishment, a medieval judicial torture

   Peirce (Charles Sanders)
             1839-1914, US mathematician, founder of philosophical pragmatism

   Peking/   China, not Peip-, -kin; in Pinyin Beijing; -ese, (inhabitant) of
             Peking; Pekinese, a small dog, colloq. peke

   pekoe     a black tea, not peckoe, peco (not cap.)

   pele      use peel

   pell-mell confusedly

   Peloponnese
             the modern Morea, S.  Greece

   pemmican  dried meat for travellers, not pemi-

   Pen.      Peninsula

   penalize  not -ise

   pen-and-ink
             (adj., hyphens)

   Penang    see Malaya (Federation of)

   penates   (pl.), Roman household gods.  See also lar

   pence     see penny

   penchant  bias (not ital.)

   pencil/, -led, -ling


   PEN Club  an international association of writers (= Poets, Playwrights,
             Editors, Essayists, Novelists)

   pendant   anything hanging

   pendent   (adj.), suspended

   pendente lite
             (Lat.), during the trial

   pendulum/ pl. -s

   penetrable
             that may be penetrated

   penetralia
             (pl.), innermost recesses (not ital.)

   pen-feather
             quill-feather. See also pin-feather

   pen-friend
             (hyphen)

   penguin   a bird. See also pinguin

   penholder (one word)

   penicillin
             (med.)

   Penicillium
             (bot.), a genus of fungi, mould (ital.)

   Penicuik  Lothian

   peninsula/
             (noun), pl. -s; adj. -r

   Peninsular/ Campaign
             SE Virginia, 1862, in American Civil War; -- War, Spain and
             Portugal, 1808-l4, in Napoleonic Wars

   penis/    the male organ, pl. -es

   penknife  (one word)

   Penmaenmawr
             Gwynedd

   penman/, -ship
             (one word)

   pen-name  (hyphen)

   pennant   (naut.), a piece of rigging, a flag

   penniless not penny-

   pennon    (mil.), a long narrow flag

   penn'orth (colloq.), a pennyworth

   Pennsylvania
             off. abbr. Pa. or (postal) PA, not Penn., Penna.

   penny     pl. pennies (number of coins), pence (sum of money); abbr.  s.
             and pl. d.; new penny, pl. new pence (not pennies), abbr. p (no
             point). See also decimal currency

   penny-a-liner
             (hyphens)

   pennyroyal
             (bot.), a kind of mint (one word)

   pennyweight
             24 grains (approx. 1.55 g.); abbr. dwt.

   pennyworth
             (one word)

   penology  science of punishment, not poe-

   pen-pal   (hyphen)

   Penrhyn   Gwynedd, also Baron --

   Penryn    Cornwall

   pens‚e    (Fr. f), thought, maxim, also pansy

   pension/  a boarding-house, -school; en --, on boarding terms; pensionnat
             (Fr. m.), a boarding-school

   penstemon use pentstemon

   Pent.     Pentecost

   pentagon/ figure or building with five sides; (cap.) headquarters of US
             defence forces; adj. -al

   pentagram five-pointed star

   pentagraph
             use panto-

   pentameter
             (prosody), verse of five units

   Pentateuch/
             first five books of the OT; -al (cap.)

   Pentecost Whit Sunday; abbr. Pent.

   pentecostal
             (not cap.)

   penthouse (one word)

   pentstemon
             (bot.), not pens-

   penumbr/a (astr.), lighter shadow round dark shadow of an eclipse; pl. -ae

   peon      a servant. See also paean, paeon

   peony     a flower, not pae-

   PEP       Political and Economic Planning

   pepo/     fleshy fruit of melon, etc., pl. -s

   pepsin    an enzyme in gastric juice, not -ine

   Pepys (Samuel)
             1633-1703, diarist and civil servant

   per.      period

   per       (Lat.), by, for; abbr. p.

   PERA      Production Engineering Research Association of Great Britain

   perai     use piranha

   Perak     see Malaya (Federation of)

   per annum yearly, abbr. p.a. or per ann.

   per caput for each person, preferable to per capita

   perceiv/e, -able, -er


   per cent  for each hundred (two words, no point), symbol %

   percentage
             (one word)

   perceptible
             not -able

   Perceval  one of King Arthur's knights; -- (Spencer), 1762-1812, English
             statesman

   perch     (rod or pole) 5.029 m., (area) 25.29 sq. m.; do not abbreviate

   perchance perhaps

   percolat/e, -ing, -or


   per/ contra
             (Lat.), on the other hand; -- curiam, by the court

   perdendosi
             (mus.), dying away

   per diem  daily; as noun, daily allowance

   perdu/    fem. -e, concealed, lost

   PЉre      (Fr. m.), RCC father; abbr. P.

   pЉre      (Fr. m.), father, as Dumas pЉre (not ital.)

   PЉre Lachaise
             Paris cemetery (two words, caps.)

   perf.     perfect, (stamps) perforated

   perfect   abbr. perf.

   perfect binding
             unsewn binding, q.v.

   perfecter one who perfects, not -or; (typ.), a printing press which prints
             both sides of the paper at one pass

   perfectib/le, -ility
             not -ab-

   perfecting
             (typ.), printing the second side of a sheet

   perforated
             abbr. perf.

   perforce  of necessity (one word)

   Pergamon Press, Ltd.
             publishers

   Pergamum  city and kingdom in anc.  Asia Minor

   Pergolesi (Giovanni Batista)
             171O-36, Italian composer

   pergunnah (Ind.), a parish, use pargana

   periagua  use piragua

   peridot   gem, not -te

   perig/ee  (astr.), abbr. perig.; adj.  -ean

   P‚rigord  (Fr. cook.), cooking based on truffles

   perimeter circumference

   per incuriam
             (Lat.), by oversight

   perine/um (anat.), pl. -ums; adj.  -al

   per interim
             (Lat.), in the mean time

   period    abbr. per.; in typ. called the full point or point; see
             punctuation V

   periodicals
             (titles of), when cited, to be italic; as a rule, the definite
             article should be in roman lower case, except in The Economist
             and The Times

   peripatetic
             walking about; (cap.) Aristotelian (school of philosophy)

   peripeteia
             sudden reversal of fortune, not -tia (not ital.)

   periphras/is
             circumlocution, pl.  -es; adj. -tic

   perispomen/on
             (Gr. gram.), (word) with circumflex on last syllable, pl. -a

   peristyle (archit.), row of columns round temple

   periton/eum
             (anat.), pl. -eums; -eal, -itis

   perityphlitis
             (path.)

   periwig/, -ged
             not perri-

   periwinkle
             plant, and mollusc

   Perlis    see Malaya (Federation of)

   perm      colloq. for permanent wave, permutation, and corresponding verbs
             (no point)

   permeable that may be permeated

   per/ mensem
             for each month; -- mille, for each thousand

   permis de s‚jour
             (Fr. m.), residence permit

   permissible
             not -able

   permit/, -ted, -ting


   Perўn (Juan Domingo)
             1895-1974, pres. of Argentina 1946-55, 1973-4

   per pais  (Norman Fr.), by jury (= by the county)

   perpetuum mobile
             (Lat.), something never at rest

   per/ procurationem
             (Lat.), by agency of, now often on behalf of, abbr.  per pro. or
             p.p.

   perriwig  use peri-

   Pers.     Persia, -n

   pers.     person, -al, -ally

   per/ saltum
             (Lat.), at a leap; -- se, by himself, herself, itself, or
             themselves

   Perse     see Leger

   Persia/, -n
             abbr. Pers.; but use Iran/, -ian, of the modern state

   Persian   usually printed in Arabic alphabet with slight modifications

   Persian/ carpet, -- cat, -- rug
             (caps.), but persian morocco (bind.) (no caps.)

   persiflage
             banter (not ital.)

   persil    (Fr. m.), parsley

   persimmon (bot.), the date-plum, not -simon

   persist/ence
             (in Fr. f.  persistance), -ency, -ent

   persona/  perceived characteristics of personality, pl. -e (not ital.)

   persona/ grata
             (Lat.), an acceptable person; -- gratissima, a most acceptable
             person; -- ingrata, -- non grata, unacceptable person; pls. -ae
             -ae

   personalize
             not -ise

   personalty
             (law), personal estate, not -ality

   personnel staff of persons employed in any service, members of armed
             forces; -- carrier, -- manager (two words)

   persp.    perspective

   Perspex   propr. term for a transparent plastic (cap.)

   perspicac/ity
             clearness of understanding; adj. -ious

   perspicu/ity
             clearness of statement; adj. -ous

   per stirpes
             (Lat.), by the number of families

   persuadable
             use with ref. to a particular instance, in gen. use next

   persuas/ible
             open to persuasion; -ive, able to persuade

   PERT      programme evaluation and review technique

   pertinac/ity
             persistence; adj.  -ious

   peruke    a wig, not -que

   Peruv.    Peruvian

   per viam  (Lat.), by way of

   pes       (Lat.), a foot; pl. pedes

   peseta    Spanish unit of currency, abbr. pta.

   Peshawar  W. Pakistan, not -ur

   peso/     unit of currency in some Latin-American countries, pl. -s

   Pestalozzi (Johann Heinrich)
             1746-1827, Swiss educationist

   Pesth     see Budapest

   Pet. (1, 2)
             First, Second Epistle of Peter (NT)

   peta-     prefix meaning ten to the power of 15, abbr. P

   P‚tain (Henri Philippe)
             1856-1951, French Marshal

   petal/, -led


   peterel   use petrel

   Peterlee  Co. Durham, "new town", 1948

   Peter Schlemihl
             a well-meaning unlucky fellow (title of a novel by Chamisso,
             1814)

   Peter's pence
             (hist.), an annual tax of one penny per household paid to the
             papal see, discontinued in England under Henry VIII; from 1860 a
             world-wide voluntary contribution to the papal treasury on St
             Peter's Day

   petit/    (Fr.), fem. -e, small; -- bourgeois, member of lower middle
             class; -- d‚jeuner, breakfast; -- four, a small fancy cake (pl.
             -s fours)

   petitio principii
             (Lat.), begging the question

   petit/ mal
             (Fr. m.), mild form of epilepsy; -- point, embroidery in small
             stitches

   petits/ pois
             (Fr. m. pl.), green peas; -- soins, little attentions

   petit verre
             (Fr. m.), a glass of liqueur

   Petrarc/h (Francesco)
             1304-74, Italian scholar and poet, in It.  -a; adj. -an

   Petre (Baron)


   petrel    a bird, not -erel

   Petriburg:
             sig. of Bp. of Peterborough (colon)

   Petrograd name given to St Petersburg during the First World War; now
             Leningrad

   petrol    refined petroleum used as fuel

   petroleum unrefined oil

   petrology abbr. petrol.

   Pettie (John)
             1839-93, Scottish painter

   pettifog/ to cavil in legal matters; -ger, -gery, -ging

   petty/ bourgeois; -- cash
             abbr.  p/c; -- officer, abbr. PO (two words)

   peu … peu (Fr.), little by little

   Peugeot   Fr. make of car

   peut-€tre (Fr.), perhaps

   pewit     use peewit

   p. ex.    (Fr.), par exemple (for example)

16.7 PF...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PF        Patriotic Front, Procurator-fiscal

   pF        picofarad (no point)

   Pf.       (Ger.), Pfennig

   pf        (mus.), pi¦ forte (a little louder) or piano forte (soft, then
             loud)

   Pfd.      (Ger.), Pfund (pound)

   pfennig   a small German coin, 1/100 of a mark; Ger. m., cap., Pfennig

   Pfitzner (Hans)
             1869-1949, German composer

   Pfleiderer (Edmund)
             1842-1902, and his brother -- (Otto), 1839-1908, German
             philosophers

   Pfund     (Ger. n.), pound (cap.); abbr.  Pfd.

16.8 PG...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PG        paying guest

   pg        picogram (no point)

   PGA       Professional Golfers' Association

   PGM       (Freemasonry, Odd Fellows), Past Grand Master

16.9 pH...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   pH        measure of hydrogen ion concentration

   ph        phot

   Phaedon   b. c.417 BC, pupil of Socrates

   phaenomenon
             etc., use phe-

   Phaethon  (Gr. myth.), son of Helios, not Phae-, -ton

   phaeton   a carriage

   phalan/x  line of battle, a compact body of men; pl. -xes; (biol.) a bone
             or stamen-bundle, pl. -ges

   phall/us  pl. -uses, (bot., med., relig.) -i

   phanariot one of Greek official class in Constantinople under Ottoman rule

   phantasize
             use fan-

   phantasmagor/ia
             a shifting scene of real or imagined figures, pl. -ias; adj.
             -ic, not fa-

   phantasy  use fan-

   phantom   not f-

   Phar.     Pharmacopoeia

   Pharao/h  not -oah; adj. -nic

   Pharis/ee one of an anc. Jewish sect, strict observers of religious forms,
             hence a self-righteous person, pl. -ees; -aism, adjs.  -aic,
             -aical

   pharm.    pharmaceutical, pharmacy

   pharmacol.
             pharmacology

   Pharmacopoeia
             a book describing drugs, abbr. P. (see BP) or Phar.;
             Pharmacopoeia/ Dublinensis (of Dublin), abbr. PD; --
             Edinburgensis (of Edinburgh), abbr. PE; -- Londiniensis (of
             London), abbr. PL

   pharos    lighthouse, (cap.) the one at Alexandria or the island on which
             it stood

   pharyn/x  the cavity behind the larynx; pl. -ges; -gal, -geal, -gitis

   phas/e, -ic, -ing


   Ph.B.     Philosophiae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Philosophy)

   Ph.D.     Philosophiae Doctor (Doctor of Philosophy)

   Phebe     see Phoebe

   PhЉdre    by Racine, 1677

   Pheidias  use Phidias

   Phenician use Phoe-

   phenix    use phoe-

   phenomen/on
             an appearance; pl. -a; adj. -al, not phae-

   Phidias   5th c. BC, Athenian sculptor, not Pheid-

   Phil.     Philadelphia, Philharmonic, Philippine, Epistle to Philippians
             (NT)

   philabeg  use filibeg

   Philadelphia
             abbr. Phil. or Phila.

   philatel/y
             stamp-collecting; -ic, -ically, -ist

   Philem.   Philemon (NT)

   philemot  use fi-

   philharmonic
             fond of music (cap. as part of name of orchestra or society)

   philhellen/e
             (one) friendly to the Greeks; -ic, -ism, -ist

   philibeg  use filibeg

   Philip (George) & Son
             map publishers

   Philippe  Kings of France

   Philippians
             Epistle to, abbr. Phil.

   Philippic (pl.) speeches of Demosthenes against Philip of Macedon; also
             those of Cicero against Antony; (not cap.) a bitter invective

   philippina
             a game of forfeits, not the many variants

   Philippine Islands
             abbr. PI

   Philippines (Republic of the)
             indep. 1946, inhabited by Filipinos

   Philipps  family name of Viscount St Davids and Baron Milford. See also
             Phill-

   Philips (Ambrose)
             1675-1749, English writer of pastoral and nursery poems, hence
             "namby-pamby"; -- (John), 1676-1709, parodist of Milton; --
             (Katherine), 1631-64, English poet. See also Phill-

   Philister (Ger.), a townsman, a non-student, pl. same (cap.)

   Philistin/e
             an inhabitant of anc.  Palestine; (not cap.) a person
             indifferent to culture; philistinism

   phillipina
             use philipp-

   Phillipps (James Orchard)
             see Halliwell Phillipps; -- (Sir Thomas), 1792-1872, English
             book-collector. See also Philipps

   Phillips (Sir Claud)
             1846-1924, English art critic; -- (Edward, 1630-94,
             lexicographer, and John, 1631-1706), Milton's nephews; -- (John
             Bertram), b. 1906, English Bible translator; -- (Stephen),
             1864-1915, English poet; -- (Wendell), 1811-84, US abolitionist.
             See also Philips

   Phillpotts (Eden)
             1862-1960, English novelist and dramatist; -- (Henry),
             1778-1869, Bp. of Exeter.  See also Philpott

   philopoena
             use philippina

   philosophers' stone
             substance thought to change base metals to gold, not 's

   philosophize
             not -ise

   philosophy
             abbr. philos.

   Philpott (Henry)
             1807-92, Bp. of Worcester. See also Phillpotts

   Phil. Soc.
             Philological Society of London, Philosophical Society of America

   Phil. Trans.
             the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

   philtre   aphrodisiac drink. See also filter

   Phiz      illustrator of Dickens, see Browne (Hablot Knight)

   phiz      (arch. and colloq.), the face, not phizz

   phlebit/is
             inflammation of the veins; adj. -ic

   Phnom Penh
             Cambodia

   phobia/   a morbid fear; pl. -s

   Phoebe    (but Phebe in As You Like It)

   Phoebus   "bright", epithet of Apollo

   Phoenician
             not Phe-

   phoenix   myth. bird that rose rejuvenated from its own ashes, not phen-

   phon      unit of loudness

   phon.     phonetics

   phone     short for telephone, not 'phone

   phone-in  broadcast incorporating listeners' telephoned views (hyphen)

   phon/ey   false, not phony; -ier, -ily, -iness

   phonol.   phonology

   phosphor/us
             symbol P; adj. -ous

   phosphuretted
             not -eted, -oretted

   phot      unit of illuminance, in SI units 10 klx; abbr. ph

   photo/    photograph (no point); pl.  -s

   photo/composition, -setting
             (one word) (typ.), setting copy on to film etc. instead of in
             metal type

   photocop/y, -ier
             (one word)

   photoelectric
             (one word)

   photo finish
             (two words)

   photofit  Identikit (q.v.) picture using photographs of facial features
             (one word)

   photog.   photograph/y, -ic

   Photograph/
             (Ger. m.), photographer; -ie (f.), photograph, -y

   photograph/e
             (Fr. m. and f.), photographer; -ie (f.), photograph, -y

   photogravure
             (typ.), intaglio printing process; shortened as gravure

   photolithography
             (typ.), the photographic processes for making a plate for
             printing by offset-lithography; colloq. photolitho

   photom.   photometr/y, -ical

   photomicrograph
             a photograph of a minute object taken with a microscope. See
             also microphotograph

   photomontage
             a montage of photographs

   photosetting
             see photocomposition

   phr.      phrase

   phren.    phrenology

   phrenetic use fren-

   phrenitic affected with phrenitis, inflammation of the brain

   phthalic  (chem.), derived from naphthalene

   phthisis  tuberculosis

   Phyfe (Duncan)
             1786-1854, Scottish-born US furniture-maker

   phyl/um   a main division of the animal or vegetable kingdom; pl. -a

   phys.     physical, physician, physics

   physic/, -ked, -king, -ky


   physico-chemical
             (hyphen)

   physiol.  physiolog/y, -ical, -ist

   physique  constitution (not ital.)

   physique  (Fr. f.), physics (natural philosophy)

16.10 PI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PI        Philippine Islands

   pi        (typ.), use pie pi, ratio of circumference to diameter of
             circle, or 3.14159265 ...

   pianissimo
             (mus.), very soft; abbr.  pp

   pianississimo
             (mus.), as softly as possible; abbr. ppp

   piano/    (mus.), softly, abbr. p; instrument formally called pianoforte,
             pl. -s; ---player, -stool (hyphens)

   Pianola   propr. term for automatic piano-player (cap.)

   piano nobile
             (archit.), the main floor of a building (ital.)

   piassava  fibre from palm-trees, not -aba

   piastre   small coin of Middle Eastern countries, not -er

   piazz/a   an open square, pl. -as

   pibroch   an air on the bagpipe, not the bagpipe itself

   pica      (typ.), size of letters on some typewriters; the standard for
             typographic measurement, equals 12 pt. or about one-sixth of an
             inch; also name for a former size of type, about 12 pt.

   picaninny use picca-

   picaresque
             of a style of fiction describing the life of an (amiable) rogue
             (not ital.)

   Picasso (Pablo)
             1881-1973, Spanish painter

   picayune  a small US coin pre-1857, (colloq.) any trifling coin, person,
             or thing; (adj.) trifling, mean

   piccalilli
             a pickle

   piccaninny
             Negro or Austral.  Aboriginal infant, not pica-, picka-

   piccolo/  the smallest flute; pl. -s

   pi character
             (comp.), special sort:  see pi plaque

   pick      (typ.), blob of ink or dirt stuck to sort; proneness of paper
             surface fibres or coating to become detached on to the offset
             blanket

   pickaback use piggy-back

   pickaxe   (one word)

   pickelhaube
             (Ger. hist. f.), infantry helmet

   picket/   pointed stake, person stationed at site of strike, (mil.)  body
             of troops watching for enemy, not picq-, piq-; as verb, -ed,
             -ing; -- line (of industrial pickets) (two words)

   pick-me-up/
             a tonic (hyphens); pl.  -s

   pickpocket
             (one word)

   picnic/, -ked, -ker, -king


   pico-     prefix meaning ten to the power of minus 12, abbr. p

   picquet   use picket

   pictures (titles of)
             when cited, to be in italic

   pidgin English
             Chinese jargon from pidgin (corruption of business), (two words,
             one cap.). See also pigeon

   pi-dog    use pye-dog

   pie       (typ.), composed type which has been jumbled, not pi, pye

   piebald   of two colours in irregular patches, usu. of horses, usu. black
             and white; not pye-. See also skewbald

   piЉce de r‚sistance
             (Fr. f.), the principal dish at a meal, the most remarkable
             item, pl. piЉces -- --

   piecemeal one portion at a time (one word)

   piece/-rate, -work
             (hyphens)

   pied/     (Fr. m.), a foot, abbr. p.; ---…-terre, an occasional residence,
             pl. pieds-…-terre (hyphens)

   pie-dog   use pye-dog

   Pierce (Franklin)
             1804-69, President of US 1853-7

   Pierce the Ploughman's Crede
             anon.  about 1394. See also Piers

   Pierian Spring
             the fountain of the Muses in Thessaly

   Pierides  the nine Muses

   pierr/ot  seaside entertainer derived from French pantomime; fem.  -ette

   Piers Plowman (The Vision of William concerning)
             by W. Langland, 14th c. See also Pierce

   piet…     representation of dead Christ in his Mother's arms

   pietas    (Lat.), respect due to an ancestor, etc.

   Pietermaritzburg
             S. Africa

   pietr/a dur/a
             (It.), a stone mosaic; pl. -e -e

   piezo-electric
             (hyphen)

   pigeon (not my)
             not my affair. See also pidgin

   pigeon-hol/e, -ed
             (hyphen)

   piggyback (one word), not pick-a-back

   pigheaded (one word)

   pig-iron  (hyphen)

   pigm/y, -aean
             use pygm-

   pig/skin, -sty
             pl. -sties, -swill, -weed (one word)

   Pike's Peak
             Rocky Mountains, US (apos.)

   pikestaff (one word)

   Piketberg (off. spelling), Cape Province, not Piquet-

   pilaff    dish of rice with meat or fish, spices, etc., not the many
             variants

   pillule   use pilule

   pilot/, -ed, -ing


   pilot/-fish, -house, -light
             (hyphens)

   Piloty (Karl von)
             1826-86, German painter

   Pilsen    Czechoslovakia

   Pilsener  a light beer (cap.)

   Pilsudski (Josef)
             1867-1935, Polish general, first President of Poland, 1918

   pilule    a small pill, not pill-

   pimento/  allspice, sweet pepper, pl. -s, not pimi-

   pinakothek
             (Ger. from Gr.), picture-gallery

   pin-ball  (hyphen)

   pince-nez spring eyeglasses, pl.  same (not ital., hyphen)

   pincushion
             (one word)

   Pindar    518-438 BC, Greek poet; abbr. Pind.

   Pindar (Peter)
             1738-1819, pseud. of Dr J. Wolcot

   pineapple (one word)

   pine-cone (hyphen)

   Pinero (Sir Arthur Wing)
             1855-1934, English playwright

   pin-feather
             small feather. See also pen-feather

   ping-pong (hyphen)

   pinguin   W. Indian plant or fruit.  See also penguin

   pin/-head, -hole, -money, -point
             (hyphens)

   pinprick  (one word)

   pinscher  a breed of dog, not pinch-. See also Dobermann pinscher

   pin-stripe
             (hyphen)

   pint/     abbr. pt., sign O

   pin-table (hyphen)

   pintado/  petrel, mackerel-like fish, pl. -s

   Pinturicchio
             nickname of Bernardino di Betto, 1454-1513, Italian painter

   pinxit    (Lat.), painted this; abbr.  pnxt. or pinx.

   Pinyin    see Chinese

   pion      (phys.), subatomic particle

   pi plaque (comp.), set of special sorts called into use when required

   Pippa Passes
             by R. Browning, 1841

   pipy      like, or having, pipes, not -ey

   piquan/t  sharp, -cy (not ital.)

   piqu/e    resentment; a score in piquet; as verb, to irritate, -ed, -ing

   piqu‚     a thick cotton fabric (not ital.)

   piqu‚     (Fr.), (of wine) slightly sour; (mus.) short, detached; (cook.)
             larded

   piquet    a card-game, not picq-. See also picket

   Piquetberg
             use Piket-

   PIRA      Pira, Research Association for the Paper and Board, Printing and
             Packaging Industries

   Piraeus   port of Athens

   piragua   S. American dug-out canoe, not the many variants

   Pirandello (Luigi)
             1867-1936, Italian playwright

   Piranesi (Giambattista)
             1720-78, Italian architect and etcher

   piranha   ferocious S. American fish, not perai, piraya

   pis aller (Fr. m.), a second best

   piscin/a  a fish-pond, (eccl.) stone basin for disposing of water used in
             washing the chalice, etc.; pl.  -ae

   pis‚      (Fr. m.), rammed earth (ital.)

   Pissarro (Camille)
             1831-1903, French painter

   pistachio/
             a nut; pl. -s; not -acho

   piste     (Fr. f.), ski-track

   pitch-and-toss
             (hyphens)

   pitch/blende, -fork, -stone
             (one word)

   Pitman (Sir Isaac)
             1813-97, English inventor of shorthand

   Pitti (Palazzo)
             art gallery, Florence

   Pittsburgh
             Pa., US, not -burg

   pi—       (It. mus.), more

   pius      (Lat.), holy; abbr. p.

   pivot/, -ed, -ing


   pix       use pyx

   pix/ie    a small fairy, not -y; -ilated, bewildered, not pixy-led

   pixie/ hat, -- hood
             (two words)

   Pizarro (Francisco)
             1475-1541, Spanish conquistador

   pizz/a    (It. cook.), layer of dough covered with cheese, ham, olives,
             etc. and baked, pl. -as; -eria, place where pizzas are made

   pizzicato (mus.), pinched, plucked; abbr. pizz.

16.11 PJ
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   PJ        presiding judge, Probate Judge

16.12 PK...
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   PK        psychokinesis

   pk.       park, peak

   pkg.      package, -s

16.13 PL...
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   PL        Paymaster Lieutenant, Pharmacopoeia Londiniensis, Poet Laureate,
             Primrose League

   P/L       Profit and Loss

   Pl.       Plate, -s

   pl.       place, plate, platoon, plural

   PLA       Port of London Authority

   place     (Fr. f.), square in a town

   place aux dames!
             (Fr.), ladies first!

   placebo/  opening antiphon of vespers for the dead; (med.) a medicine
             given to humour the patient; pl. -s

   place-name
             (hyphen)

   placent/a organ nourishing foetus in womb, pl. -ae

   placet    (Lat.), it pleases, permission granted

   plafond   (Fr. m.), a ceiling, esp.  decorated (ital.)

   plagiarize
             use another's writings as one's own, not -ise

   plagu/e, -esome, -ily, -y


   Plaid Cymru
             Welsh nationalist party

   plainchant
             (one word)

   plain sailing
             (fig.) easy work (two words). See also plane sailing (naut.)

   plain/sman, -song
             (one word)

   plaintiff abbr. plf.

   Plaisterers (Worshipful Company of)


   planchet  a coin-blank

   planchette
             small board on castors and a pencil-point, used to trace letters
             spontaneously at spiritualistic seances

   Planck's/ constant
             -- Law of Radiation, in the quantum theory, from Max Planck,
             1858-1947, German physicist

   plane     short for aeroplane, not 'plane

   plane sailing
             (naut.), calculation of a ship's position on the assumption that
             it is moving on a plane surface (two words). See also plain
             sailing

   planetari/um
             pl. -ums

   planetary signs
             (See Figure 3 in topic FRONT_4)

   plankton  microscopic drifting organic life found in water. See benthal
             and nekton

   planographic
             (typ.), of a printing process based on a flat surface, on which
             the image areas are made greasy so as to accept ink and the rest
             wet to reject it

   Plantagenet
             family name of the English sovereigns from 1154 to 1399

   Plantin (Christophe)
             c.1520-89, French printer

   Plasticine
             propr. term for modelling substance (cap.)

   plasticky plastic-like

   plastron  a bodice front

   plat      (Fr. cook. m.), a dish; -- du jour, special dish of the day

   Plate/    -s, abbr. Pl.

   plate     (typ.) planographic (q.v.) or typographic (q.v.) printing
             surface of complete page or sheet cast or etched in metal or
             polymerized resin; halftone etc. illustration; (photog.)
             whole --, 8.5 x 6.5 in., half --, 6.5 x 4.5 in., quarter --,
             4.25 x 3.25 in.

   plateau/  an elevated plain; pl. -x (not ital.)

   plate glass
             (two words)

   plate-rack
             (hyphen)

   platinize to coat with platinum, not -ise

   platinum  symbol Pt

   Platon/ic (cap. when in hist. or philos. contexts), but platonic love (not
             cap.); -ism, -ist, -ize, not -ise

   Platt-Deutsch
             Low German

   platypus/ the Australian duck-bill; pl. -es

   platyrrhine
             broad-nosed (of monkeys), not -yrhine

   plausible not -able

   Plautus (Titus Maccius)
             c.254-c.184 BC, Roman playwright; abbr. Plaut.

   play-act/or, -ing
             (hyphens)

   play/bill, -boy, -goer, -ground, -mate
             (one word)

   play/-off (noun), -pen (hyphens)

   plays (titles of)
             when cited to be in italic

   play/time, -wright
             (one word)

   plaza/    (Sp.), a public square; pl.  -s (not ital.)

   PLC       Public Limited Company

   pleasur/e, -able


   plebeian  commoner in anc. Rome, vulgar, common, not -bian

   plebiscit/e
             a vote of the people (no accent, not ital.); adj. -ary

   plebiscit/um
             (Lat.), a law passed by the plebs; pl. -a

   plebs     (Lat.), the populace

   plectr/tum
             pl. -a

   Pleiad    (Gr. myth.), one of the Pleiades, the seven daughters of Atlas;
             any brilliant group of seven, such as the French poets of the
             late sixteenth century (in Fr.  f. pl‚iade); Pleiades, a
             star-group

   plein air (Fr. m.), the open air

   pleinairist
             painter reproducing effects of atmosphere and light (not ital.)

   Pleistocene
             (geol.) (cap., not ital.)

   Plen.     plenipotentiary

   pleno jure
             (Lat.), with full authority

   plethora  (med.) excess of red corpuscles in the blood; (gen.)  unhealthy
             repletion

   pleur/a   a membrane lining the thorax or enveloping the lungs; pl.  -ae;
             -isy, inflammation of this; adj. -itic

   pleuro-pneumonia
             (hyphen)

   Plexiglas propr. term for a transparent plastic (cap.)

   plexus/   a network (of nerves, etc.); pl. -es

   plf.      plaintiff

   Plimsoll line
             (naut.)

   plimsolls rubber-soled canvas shoes

   Plinlimmon
             use Plynlimon

   Pliny/ the Elder
             (in Lat., Gaius Plinius Secundus), 23-79, and his nephew -- the
             Younger (Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus), c.61- c.112, Roman
             writers

   pliss‚    gathering, kilting, or pleating

   PLO       Palestine Liberation Organization

   plod/, -der, -ding


   PL/1      a computer programming language; caps. or even s. caps.

   PLP       Parliamentary Labour Party

   PLR       Public Lending Right

   plumb     vertical

   plumbum   lead, symbol Pb

   plummy    abounding in plums, plumlike

   plum pudding
             (hyphen when attrib.)

   plumy     plumelike, not -ey

   plung/e, -ing


   Plunket   family name of Baron Plunket

   Plunkett  family name of Earl of Fingall, and of Barons Dunsany and Louth

   pluperfect
             abbr. plup.

   plural/   abbr. pl.; -ize, not -ise

   plurals of abbreviations
             as MPs, B.Litt.s (no apos.)

   plurals of letters
             as As, as, (italic letter, roman s, no apos.); but note p's and
             q's

   plus/     with the addition of, sign +; an additional amount, an
             advantage, pl. -es

   Plutarch  c.50-c.120, Greek philosopher and biographer, abbr.  Plut.

   Pluto     (Rom. myth.), the god of the underworld; (astr.), planet

   plutonium symbol Pu

   Plutus    (Gr. myth.), personification of riches

   pluviometer
             rain-gauge, not pluvia-

   Plymouth Brethren
             religious sect; abbr. PB

   Plynlimon Welsh mountain, not Plin-, -limmon

16.14 PM...
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   PM        paymaster, postmaster, post-mortem, Prime Minister,
             Provost-Marshal

   Pm        promethium (no point)

   pm        picometre (no point)

   pm.       premium, premolar

   p.m.      (Lat.), post meridiem (after noon) (lower case, points)

   PMG       Paymaster-General, (formerly) Postmaster-General

   p.m.h.    production per man-hour

   PMRAFNS   Princess Mary's Royal Air Force Nursing Service

16.15 p.n....
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   p.n.      promissory note

   PNdB      perceived noise decibels

   PNEU      Parents' National Educational Union

   pneumatic relating to air or gases, abbr. pneum.

   pneumon/ic
             pertaining to the lungs; -ia

   PNG       Papua New Guinea

   pnxt.     pinxit (painted this)

16.16 PO...
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   PO        petty officer (RN), pilot officer (RAF), postal order, post
             office

   Po        polonium (no point)

   po/       colloq. for chamber-pot, pl. -s

   pocket-book
             (hyphen)

   pocket handkerchief
             (two words)

   pocket/-knife, -money, -piece
             (hyphens)

   poco/     (It.), a little; -- a poco, little by little

   pococurant/e
             apathetic, careless (one word, not ital.); -ism, not -eism

   POD       pay on delivery, Post Office Department

   POD       Pocket Oxford Dictionary

   podest    (It. m.), municipal magistrate

   podi/um   base or pedestal, pl. -a

   Podsnappery
             British philistinism, from Mr Podsnap in Dickens's Our Mutual
             Friend

   podzol/   acid sandy soil deficient in humus, not -sol; -ization, -ize,
             not -isation, -ise

   Poe (Edgar Allan)
             1809-49, US writer

   poems     (titles of), when cited, to be roman quoted; but titles of poems
             long enough to form a separate publication should be in italic

   poenology use pen-

   poet.     poetic, -al, poetry

   poeticize not -ise

   Poet Laureate
             (caps., two words); abbr. PL, see Austin, Betjeman, Bridges,
             Cibber, Lewis, Masefield, Southey, Tennyson

   poetry    (typ.), to be centred on longest line, unless such line is
             disproportionately long, in which case use optical centring
             (q.v.); turnover lines to be one em more than greatest
             indentation of poem; a grave-accented Љ may be used to show that
             an otherwise mute syllable is to be separately pronounced, as
             rais‚d; when lines are numbered, no point after the figure

   Poets' Corner
             Westminster Abbey (caps.)

   po-faced  solemn (hyphen)

   pogrom    an organized massacre, esp.  of Jews in Russia

   poignard  use poniard

   poikilothermic
             cold-blooded

   poilu     (Fr. m.), private soldier

   Poincar‚ (Raymond)
             1860-1934, French statesman, president 1913-20

   poiniard  use poniard

   poinsettia
             (bot.), not point-

   point     (typ.), all marks of punctuation, especially the full stop. See
             also compass, point system, punctuation V

   point-blank
             (hyphen)

   point/ d'appui
             (Fr. m.), a base of operations; -- d'attaque, base of offensive
             operations

   Point de Galle
             see Galle

   point-device
             extremely precise (hyphen)

   point-duty
             (hyphen)

   point et virgule
             (Fr.), the semicolon

   pointsettia
             use poinsettia

   point system
             (typ.), the Anglo-American standard by which the bodies of all
             types shall be multiples, or divisions, of the twelfth of a
             pica, which is theoretically the sixth of an inch (72 metric
             points = 1 inch); abbr.  pt.

   pois      (Fr. m. sing. and pl.), pea

   poise     (phys.), unit of dynamic viscosity; abbr. P

   poisson   (Fr. m.), fish; -- d'avril, April fool

   poivre    (Fr. m.), pepper

   poky      small and cramped, not -ey

   Pol.      Poland, Polish

   Poland    abbr. Pol.

   polarize  to restrict vibrations of light or other electromagnetic waves
             to one plane; (elec., mag., chem.), to separate positive and
             negative charges; (fig.) to give special meaning or unity of
             direction to; not -ise

   pole      see perch

   pole-axe  (noun and verb, hyphen)

   polecat   (one word)

   pol. econ.
             political economy

   pole/-jump, -vault
             (hyphens)

   Police    (Ger.), police (Fr.), policy of insurance. See also Polizei

   police/ constable, -- sergeant
             (two words), abbr. p.c., p.s. (PC, PS, when used before a name)

   policeman (one word)

   police-officer
             (hyphen)

   police state
             a totalitarian one controlled by political police (two words)

   police station
             (two words)

   policewoman
             (one word)

   polichinelle
             (Fr. m.), puppet, buffoon

   poliomyelitis
             infantile paralysis; colloq. polio/, pl. -s

   Polish    abbr. Pol.; (typ.) has 24 letters as in Eng. without q and v.
             In dividing words the letters ch, cz, dz, rz, and sz should not
             be separated

   polit.    political, politics

   Politburo executive committee of Communist Party (USSR and elsewhere)

   politesse (Fr. f.), politeness

   Politian  (in It., Angelo Ambrogini Poliziano), 1454-94, Italian humanist

   political economy
             abbr. pol. econ.

   politicize
             not -ise

   politico/ one devoted to politics, pl. -s

   polity    organized society, form of civil government

   Polizei   (Ger. f.), police (cap.).  See also Police

   polka dot (hyphen when attrib.)

   pollack   sea-fish, not -ock

   pollen/ analysis, - count
             (two words)

   poll/ex   thumb, pl. -ices

   Pollok (Robert)
             1798-1827, Scottish poet

   Pollok/shaws, -shields
             Glasgow

   pollster  sampler of public opinion

   poll-tax  (hyphen)

   Pollyanna cheerful optimist

   polonium  symbol Po

   poly/     colloq. for polytechnic, pl.  -s

   polyandr/y
             marriage to more than one husband; adj. -ous

   polyanthus/
             (bot.), not -os; pl. -es

   Polybius  c.200-c.118 BC, Greek historian; abbr. Polyb.

   polyethylene
             polymerized ethylene

   polygam/y marriage to more than one wife or husband; adj. -ous

   polygen/y derivation of man from independent pairs of ancestors; -ism,
             -ist

   polyglot/, -tal, -tic


   polygyn/y marriage to more than one wife; adj. -ous

   polyhedr/on
             not polye-; pl. -a

   Polyhymnia
             (Gr.), muse of rhetoric

   Polynesia islands in central Pacific (a bishopric, not a political unit)

   Polyolbion
             by Drayton, 1613-22

   polyp/    (zool.), pl. -s

   polyp/us  (Path.), pl. -i

   polytechnic/
             (institution, college) concerned with many technical subjects;
             (cap. when part of name); colloq. poly

   polythene commercial name for a polyethylene

   poly/urethane, -vinyl chloride
             synthetic resins or plastics

   polyzoan  aquatic animal forming colonies

   pomade    preparation for the hair, not pomm-

   pomelo/   a fruit, the shaddock, pl.  -s, not pomm-, pu-

   Pommard   a burgundy, not Pomard

   pommel    knob, saddle-bow. See also pummel

   pommelo   use pomelo

   pommes/   (Fr. f. pl.), apples; -- (de terre), potatoes

   pompano/  W. Indian and N. Amer.  food-fish, pl. -s

   Pompeian  of Pompeii

   pom-pom   automatic gun. See also next

   pompon    ornamental tuft, not pom-pom (q.v.)

   poncho/   S. Amer. cloak or one of similar design, pl. -s

   pondere   (Lat.), by weight; abbr. p.

   Pondicherry
             India; in Fr.  Pondich‚ry

   pongo/    ape, pl. -s

   poniard   a dagger, not poign-, poin-

   Poniatowski (Joseph Antony)
             1762-1813, Polish soldier; -- (Stanislaw August), 1762-98, last
             king of Poland

   pons/     (Lat.), a bridge, pl. pontes; -- asinorum, bridge of asses,
             Euclid, i. 5

   Pontacq   a white wine

   pontif/ex (eccl.) a bishop, (Rom.  hist.) member of priestly college, pl.
             -ices; Pontifex Maximus, head of college

   pont/iff  a bishop, esp. the Pope; -ifical

   Pont-l'ђv€que
             d‚p. Calvados, France; a cheese

   Pontypridd
             Mid Glam.

   Pooh-Bah  holder of many offices at once

   pooh-pooh to scorn, ridicule, not poo-poo

   Pool      Cornwall, W. Yorks.

   Poole     Dorset

   Poole (William Frederick)
             1821-94, US librarian, compiler of Poole's Index

   Poona     India, not -ah

   poor-box  (hyphen)

   poorhouse (one word)

   Poor Law  (caps. when hist.)

   poor-rate (hist.), assessment for relief of poor (hyphen, no caps.)

   pop       colloq. for popular (music, etc.); -- art, that based on popular
             culture (two words)

   pop.      popular, population

   Pope (the)
             (cap.)

   Pope Joan a card-game (two words)

   pop group (two words)

   Popocatepetl
             volcano, Mexico

   popularize
             not -ise

   population
             abbr. pop.

   populus   (Lat.), people; abbr. P.

   porc      (Fr. m.), pork, pig

   Porchester Terrace
             London. See also Port-

   Porsche   Ger. make of car

   Porson/   a Greek typeface, supposedly derived from the Greek hand of --
             (Richard), 1759-1808, English Greek scholar

   Port.     Portug/al, -uese

   portament/o
             (mus.), a continuous glide (not break) from one note to another
             of different pitch, pl. -i

   Portarlington (Earl of)


   Port au Prince
             Haiti

   Port aux Basques
             Newfoundland

   Portchester
             Hants. See also Porch-

   Porte     (hist.), the Turkish Court and Government; more fully the
             Sublime --

   porte-cochЉre
             (Fr. f), a carriage entrance

   Port Elizabeth
             Cape Province; abbr.  PE

   portent/, -ous
             not -ious

   Porter (William Sydney)
             see Henry (O.)

   portfolio/
             pl. -s

   Port Glasgow
             Strathclyde

   Porthmadog
             Gwynedd

   portico/  pl. -es; -ed

   portiЉre  (Fr. f.), door-curtain, a portress, carriage door, or window

   portmanteau/
             pl. -s (not ital.)

   Porto     Port. for Oporto

   Porto Bello
             Panama, use Puerto Bello

   Portobello/
             Lothian; -- Road, London (one word)

   Port of Spain
             Trinidad

   Porto Rico
             use Puerto Rico

   Portpatrick
             Dumfries & Galloway (one word)

   portrait  (typ.), a book, page, or illustration of which the depth is
             greater than the width. See also landscape

   Port-Royal
             monastery, Versailles and Paris (hyphen)

   Port Royal
             Jamaica; also SC, US (no hyphen)

   Port Salut
             a cheese (no hyphen)

   Portsmouth:
             sig. of Bp. of Portsmouth (colon)

   Portugal  abbr. Port.

   Portuguese
             abbr. Port.; (typ.)  alphabet has 25 letters as in Eng., without
             w.

   pos.      positive

   pos/e, -ed, -ing


   Posen     Poland, use Poznan

   pos/er    a problem; -eur, fem. -euse, one who behaves affectedly, pl.
             -eurs, -euses

   posey     use posy

   posit/, -ed, -ing


   posology  (med.), study of dosages

   poss.     possess/ion, -ive

   posse/    body of men, pl. -s; -- comitatus (hist.), county force of men
             over 15

   possessive case
             (see Hart's Rules, pp. 31-2):
              1. The apostrophe for this must be used only for proper and
             common nouns; not for the pronouns hers, its (it's = it is),
             ours, theirs, yours.
              2. In nouns (singular or plural) that end in a letter other
             than s, the apostrophe must precede the added s, as in
             President's house, men's hats, fox's earth.
              3. In nouns in the singular number that end in s, the
             possessive is usually formed by adding the 's, as in octopus's
             tentacles.
              4. In nouns in the plural number that end in s, the apostrophe
             must follow the s, as in boys' clothing, octopuses' tentacles.
              5. When the added s would be silent in speech, it is generally
             omitted, as in for goodness' sake.
              6. In English names and surnames add 's, as in Burns's poems,
             St.  James's Street; but euphony often demands omission of a
             further s, e.g. Bridges' poems (be guided by ease of
             pronunciation).
              7. Ancient names ending in s usually omit a further s in the
             possessive, as Venus' rites, Moses' law, Jesus' love.
              8. French names ending in silent -s or -x add an 's, e.g.
             Cr‚mieux's.
              9. For place-names involving possessives, e.g. Earls Court,
             King's Cross, see Hart's Rules, p. 32, and individual entries.
              10. Abbreviations add 's in the singular (MP's), and s' in the
             plural (MPs')

   post      former size of paper with several variations: --, 19 x 15.25
             in.; pinched --, 18.5 x 14.5 in.; large --, 16.5 x 21 in.

   post      (Lat.), after; abbr. p.

   post      abbr. P.

   postage stamp
             (two words)

   postal code
             use postcode (q.v.)

   postal order
             abbr. PO

   post-box  (hyphen)

   postcard  (one word); abbr. p.c.

   post-classical
             (hyphen)

   postcode  (one word). See also capitalization

   post-date (verb and noun, hyphen)

   poste restante
             Post Office dept.  where letters remain till called for

   post-exilic
             subsequent to exile of Jews in Babylon (hyphen)

   postgraduate
             (one word)

   post-haste
             (hyphen)

   post hoc  (Lat.), after this. See also propter hoc

   post-horn (mus.), hyphen

   posthumous
             occurring after death, not postu-

   Posthumus in Shakespeare's Cymbeline

   postilion one who guides post- or carriage-horses, riding the near one,
             not -llion

   Post-Impressionism
             (hyphen, caps.)

   post litem motam
             (Lat.), after litigation began

   post/man, -mark
             (one word)

   postmaster
             abbr. PM; also a scholar at Merton Coll., Oxford (one word)

   Postmaster-General
             former ministerial post (hyphen, caps.); abbr. PMG

   post meridiem
             (Lat.), after noon; abbr. p.m.

   postmistress
             (one word)

   post mortem
             (Lat.), after death

   post-mortem
             (adj. and noun), abbr.  PM

   postnatal (one word)

   post-obit taking effect, a bond payable, after death (hyphen, not ital.)

   Post Office (The)
             (caps., no hyphen), public corporation, replaced the govt. dept.
             in 1969

   post office
             (not caps., no hyphen), a local office of the above, abbr.  PO

   post-paid abbr. p.p.

   postpositi/on
             word or particle placed after another; -ve, designating this
             (one word)

   postprandial
             after dinner (one word)

   postscript
             (one word); abbr. PS, pl.  PSS

   post terminum
             (Lat.), after the conclusion

   postumous use posth-

   post-war  (hyphen)

   posy      a nosegay, not -ey

   pot.      potential

   potage    soup

   potassium symbol K

   potato/   pl. -es

   pot-au-feu
             (Fr. cook. m.), a meat broth

   poteen    illicit whisky, not pott-, poth-

   potential abbr. pot.

   pot-hole/, -r
             (hyphens)

   pot-pourri
             a medley

   potsherd  a piece of broken earthenware, not -ard

   pott      former size of paper, 12.5 x 15.5 in.; -- 4to, 7.75 x 6.25 in.;
             -- 8vo, 6.25 x 3.9 in. (untrimmed)

   potteen   use poteen

   potting-shed
             (hyphen)

   potto/    W. Afr. lemur, pl. -s

   pouce     (Fr. m.), an inch; a thumb; abbr. p.

   pouding   (Fr. cook. m.), pudding

   poudr/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, powdered

   Poughkeepsie
             New York State, US

   Pouilly/  d‚p. Sa“ne-et-Loire, France, source of ---Fuiss‚ white wine;
             ---sur-Loire, d‚p. NiЉvre, France, source of ---Fum‚ white wine

   poularde  (Fr. f.), fat pullet

   poule     (Fr. f.), a hen

   poulet    (Fr. m.), a young chicken

   poulette  (Fr. f.), young hen

   POUNC     Post Office Users' National Council

   pound     avoirdupois, approx. 453 g.; abbr. lb., pl. same (not now in
             scientific use)

   pound mark
             (money), њ (sing. and pl.), q.v. at l

   pour/     (Fr.), for, abbr. p.; -- ainsi dire, so to speak

   pourboire (Fr. m.), gratuity, tip

   pourparler
             (Fr. m.), preliminary discussion (one word, ital.)

   pousse-caf‚
             (Fr. m.), a liqueur (after coffee)

   poussette a dance with hands joined, to do this (not ital.)

   Poussin (Nicolas)
             1594-1665, French painter

   poussin   a very young chicken (not ital.)

   pou sto   (Gr.), standing-place

   POW       Prince of Wales, prisoner of war

   powder keg
             (two words)

   powder/-magazine, -puff, -room
             (hyphens)

   Powell (Anthony Dymoke)
             b. 1905, British author

   powerhouse
             (one word)

   power-station
             (hyphen)

   Powis (Earl of)
             family name Herbert

   powwow    N. American Indian conference, meeting compared to this, not
             pawaw

   Powys     family name of Baron Lilford; Welsh county

16.17 PP...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PP        parish priest, Past President, (Lat.) Patres (Fathers)

   pp.       pages

   p.p.      past participle, post paid, (Lat.) per procurationem (q.v.)

   pp        (mus.), pianissimo (very soft) or pi— piano (softer)

   p.p.b.    parts per billion

   PP C      (Lat.), Patres Conscripti (Conscript Fathers)

   PPE       Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (Oxford degree subject)

   p.p.m.    parts per million

   PPP       Psychology, Philosophy, and Physiology (Oxford degree subject)

   ppp       (mus.), pianississimo (as softly as possible)

   PPS       Parliamentary or principal private secretary; post- postscriptum
             (further postscript)

16.18 PQ
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PQ        Parliamentary Question, previous (or preceding) question;
             Province of Quebec, Canada; (Fr.) Parti Qu‚becois (Quebec Party)

16.19 PR...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PR        prize ring, Proportional Representation, Public Relations,
             Puerto Rico, (Lat.) Populus Romanus (the Roman people)

   Pr.       priest

   Pr        praseodymium (no point)

   pr.       pair, -s, price

   PRA       President of the Royal Academy

   praam     a boat, use pram

   Prachtausgabe
             (Ger. typ. f.), de luxe edition

   practice  (noun; US also verb)

   practise  (verb)

   praemunire
             a writ (not ital.)

   praenomen Rom. first name, not pren-

   praepostor
             a school prefect, not prep-, -itor

   praetor/  a Roman magistrate, adj.  -ian, not pre-

   Praga     suburb of Warsaw

   Prague    Czechoslovakia; Eng. and Fr.  for Czech Praha; Ger. Prag

   prahu     use proa

   pram      a perambulator; a boat, not praam

   praseodymium
             symbol Pr

   Prayer Book
             (caps., no hyphen); abbr. PB

   Prayer of Manasses
             (Apocr.), abbr.  Pr. of Man.

   PRB       Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (group of artists), 1848

   pre-adam/ic, -ite
             (hyphens, not cap.)

   Pr‚ault (Antoine Auguste)
             1809-79, French sculptor

   preb.     prebend, -ary

   prec.     preceding, precentor

   Precambrian
             (geol.) (cap., one word)

   precede   not -eed

   precent/or
             controller of cathedral music, fem. -rix; abbr. prec.

   precept/or
             teacher, fem. -ress

   preces    (Lat.), prayers

   precession
             (astr.), earlier occurrence (of the equinoxes) (dyn.), the
             rotation of the axis of a spinning body about another body

   pre-Christian
             (hyphen, cap. C)

   Pr‚cieuses ridicules (Les)
             play by MoliЉre, 1659

   pr‚cieu/x (Fr.), an affected man; fem. -se

   pr‚cis/   (to write) a summary, pl.  same (not ital.); as verb, -ed, -ing

   precisian one who is rigidly precise, esp. (hist., in hostile sense) a
             Puritan

   precisionist
             one who makes a practice of precision

   pre-Columbian
             (hyphen, cap. C)

   preconce/ive, -ption
             (one word)

   precursor forerunner, not -er

   pred.     predicative, -ly

   predecease
             (noun and verb, one word)

   predicant a preacher, esp.  Dominican

   predictor not -er

   predikant (Afrik.), a preacher of the Dutch Protestant Church, esp.  in S.
             Africa

   predilection
             partiality

   predispos/e, -ition
             (one word)

   pre-elect/, -ion
             (hyphens)

   pre-eminen/t, -ce
             (hyphens)

   pre-empt/, -ion, -ive
             (hyphens)

   pre-exilic
             prior to exile of Jews in Babylon (hyphen)

   pre-exist/, -ence
             (hyphens)

   pref.     preface, preference, preferred, prefix, -ed

   prefab    colloq. for prefabricated building (no point)

   prefabricate
             (one word)

   preface   the introductory address of the author to the reader, in which
             he explains the purpose and scope of the book. Abbr. pref. See
             also preliminary matter

   pr‚fecture/
             (Fr. f.), county hall in a French town; -- de police, office of
             commissioner of police

   prefer/, -able, -ably, -ence, -red, -ring
             abbr. pref.

   pr‚fet    (Fr. m.), prefect

   prefix/, -ed
             abbr. pref.

   preform   (one word)

   pre-heat  (hyphen)

   prehistoric
             (one word)

   Preignac  a white wine

   prejudge/, -ment
             (one word)

   prelim.   preliminary

   preliminary matter
             (typ.), material giving identification and any explanations
             desirable for bibliographical and trade purposes, or to
             "prepare" the reader of a book; the order should be: series
             title; publisher's announcements, e.g. list of other titles in
             the same series; book half-title; frontispiece; title-page,
             naming work, author, publisher, place and date of publication;
             title verso, giving copyright notice, publisher's agencies,
             ISBN, impression lines enumerating (at least) current
             impression/edition, and stating any geographical limitation on
             sales, country of origin, printer's imprint (this is sometimes
             printed elsewhere, e.g.  on the last page of the book);
             dedication; acknowledgements; foreword (introducing the author,
             and usually written by someone else); preface (written by the
             author, introducing the book and stating its purpose); contents,
             list of illustrations/maps/ tables/graphs/etc.; introduction.
             Colloq. prelims

   pre-makeready
             (typ.), careful preparation of the forme before it goes to the
             machine

   pre/marital, -menstrual
             (one word)

   premi/er  (Fr.), first, fem. -Љre, abbr. 1er

   premiЉre/ (to give) first performance of a film or play; as verb, -d (not
             ital.)

   premiЉre danseuse
             (Fr. f.), principal fem. dancer in a ballet

   premise   (verb), to say or write by way of introduction

   premises  (noun, pl.), foregoing matters, (law) aforesaid houses or land,
             (gen.) building with grounds etc. See also next

   premiss/  (logic), a proposition; pl.  -es

   premium/  abbr. pm.; pl. -s

   premolar  a tooth; abbr. pm.

   prenomen  use praenomen

   preoccup/y, -ation
             (one word)

   pre-ordain
             (hyphen)

   prep.     preparat/ion, -ory, preposition

   pre/paid, -pay
             (one word)

   prepositor
             use praepostor

   pre/possess, -prandial
             (one word)

   Pre-Raphaelite/
             (hyphen, caps.); -- Brotherhood, abbr. PRB (q.v.)

   prerequisite
             (one word)

   Pres.     president

   pr‚sal‚   (Fr. m.), salt-marsh sheep or mutton (one word) pl. pr‚s-sal‚s
             (hyphen)

   Presb.    Presbyterian

   presbyop/ia
             a failing of near sight in the elderly; adj. -ic

   Presbyterian
             (cap.); abbr. Presb.

   prescribable
             not -eable

   pre-select
             (hyphen)

   preselect/ive
             (of motor-car gears), -or, not -er (one word)

   Preseli   district of Dyfed

   preses    (Sc.), president, or chairman, pl. same

   pre-shrunk
             (hyphen)

   president abbr. P. or Pres. See also capitalization

   pre-Socratic
             (philos.), prior to Socrates (hyphen, one cap.)

   Press (the)
             newspapers etc. (cap.)

   press agent
             (two words)

   Press Association
             abbr. PA

   press-box shelter for reporters at outdoor functions (hyphen)

   press-button
             (hyphen)

   press conference
             (two words)

   Pressens‚ (Edmond Dehaut de)
             1824-91, French theologian and statesman

   press-gallery
             esp. in House of Commons (hyphen)

   press-gang
             (hyphen)

   pressman  (one word)

   press/mark
             that which shows the place of a book in a library (one word);
             now usu. shelf-mark; --- proof, the last one examined before
             going to press or platemaking (machine revise, after makeready,
             may follow)

   press-stud
             (hyphen)

   pressure  (mech.), symbol p

   presswork (typ.), the preparation for and control of the printing-off of
             composed material; the work thus produced

   Presteigne
             Powys

   Prester John
             mythical medieval priest-king of Cent. Asia or Abyssinia;
             Prester John, novel by John Buchan, 1910

   prestissimo
             (mus.), very quickly

   presto    (mus.), quickly

   Prestonpans
             Lothian (one word)

   prestressed
             (hyphen)

   Prestwich Greater Manchester

   Prestwick Northumberland, Strathclyde

   presum/e, -able, -ably, -ing


   presuppos/e, -ition
             (one word)

   pret.     preterite

   pre-tax   (adj., hyphen)

   preten/sion, -tious


   preterite past tense, not -it; abbr. pret.

   preternatural
             etc. (one word)

   pretor    use prae-

   pretzel   (Ger.), a salted biscuit (not ital.)

   Preussen  Ger. for Prussia

   preux chevalier
             (Fr. m.), a brave knight

   prevail/, -ed, -ing


   preventive
             not -tative, -titive

   previous  abbr. prev.

   Pr‚vost (Marcel)
             1862-1941, French novelist

   Pr‚vost d'Exiles (Antoine Fran‡ois)
             1679-1765, French novelist, known as Abb‚ Pr‚vost

   pr‚v“t    (Fr. m.), provost

   pre-war   (hyphen)

   Prez (Josquin des)
             c.1440-1521, French composer

   PRI       President of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water-Colours

   PRIBA     President of the Royal Institute of British Architects

   Pribilof Is.
             Bering Sea

   price     abbr. pr.

   price/list -ring, -tag
             (hyphens)

   prices current
             abbr. p/c

   pricey    not -cy

   prie-dieu kneeling stool (hyphen, not ital.)

   priest    abbr. Pr.

   prig/, -gery, -gish, -gism


   prim.     primary, primate, primitive

   prima     (typ.), pron. i as in bite, the page of copy on which a new take
             (q.v.) of proof begins; also mark on copy where this begins or
             where reading is to be resumed after interruption

   prima/ ballerina
             pl. -- ballerinas; -- donna, pl. -- donnas (not ital.)

   primaeval use primeval

   prima facie
             (adv., hyphen as adj.)

   Prime Minister
             (two words, caps.); abbr. PM

   primer    (typ.), see great --, long -- (sizes of type); pron. primmer

   primeval  of the first age of the world; not -aeval

   primigravid/a
             woman in first pregnancy, pl. -ae

   primipar/a
             woman bearing first child, pl. -ae

   primitive abbr. prim.

   primo/    (mus.), upper part in a duet, pl. -s

   primo     (Lat.), in the first place; abbr. 1o

   Primus    propr. term for kind of portable stove (cap.)

   primus/   (Lat.), first, abbr. p.; -- inter pares, first among equals

   prin.     principal

   prince    abbr. P.; Prince/ of Glory, Life, or Peace, as Deity (caps.); --
             of Wales/, abbr. POW; -- -- -- Island, off. Penang

   princeps  (Lat.), the first, pl.  principes. See also editio princeps

   Princes Town
             Trinidad

   Princeton University
             NJ, US

   Princetown
             Devon, Mid Glam.

   principal (adj.) chief; (noun) the chief person (cap. when the title of an
             office); abbr. prin.

   principle a fundamental truth, moral basis

   print.    printing

   print     (in), still on sale; -- (out of), new copies no longer
             obtainable, abbr. o.p.

   printani/er
             (Fr. cook.), fem. -Љre, with early spring vegetables

   printer   abbr. pr.; King's or Oueen's Printer/ of Bibles and Prayer
             Books, may print Bibles (AV) and Prayer Books (1662) to the
             exclusion of all other English presses, except those of the
             Universities of Oxford and Cambridge; -- -- of the Acts of
             Parliament, has the duty of providing an authoritative printing
             of all Acts of Parliament etc., and controls their copyright

   printer's error
             pl. print/er's, or -ers', errors (use hyphen to avoid ambiguity:
             bad printers'-errors)

   printing  abbr. ptg. or print.

   Prinz/    (Ger. m.), prince (usu. of the blood royal), pl. -en; fem.
             -essin, pl. -essinnen (cap.)

   prise     to force open, not -ize

   priv.     privative

   privat-docent
             German university teacher paid only by students' fees (hyphen,
             not cap.); abbr. PD

   Private   (mil.), cap. as title, abbr.  Pte.

   privative denoting the loss or absence of something; esp. in gram.; abbr.
             priv.

   privileg/e, -ed


   priv/y    secret, -ily

   Privy Coun/cil, -sellor
             (two words, caps.), abbr. PC; Privy Seal, PS

   prix/     (Fr. m.), prize, price; -- fixe, fixed price

   prize     to force open, use -ise

   Prize/-fight, -fighter, -money
             -ring, -winner (hyphens)

   p.r.n.    pro re nata (as occasion may require)

   PRO       Public Record Office, -- Relations Officer

   pro/      colloq. for professional, pl.  -s (no point)

   pro       (Lat.), for; abbr. p.

   proa      Malay vessel, not the many variants

   pro-am    involving professionals and amateurs (no points)

   pro and con
             for and against; pl.  pros and cons (not ital., no points)

   prob.     probab/le, -ly, problem

   pro bono publico
             (Lat.), for the public good

   proboscis/
             long flexible trunk or snout; pl. -es

   Proc.     proceedings, proctor

   proceed   not -ede

   procЉs    (Fr. m.), lawsuit

   process blocks
             (typ.), those made by photographic and etching processes, for
             printing illustrations by letterpress

   procЉs-verb/al
             (Fr.), official report, minutes; pl. -aux (not ital.)

   proconsul (one word)

   procrustean
             using force to impose conformity, like Procrustes (Gr.  myth.)
             (not cap.)

   Procter (Adelaide Anne)
             1825-64, English poet; -- (Bryan Waller, not Walter), 1787-1874,
             pseud. "Barry Cornwall", English poet

   proctor   a university official, an attorney in spiritual courts; abbr.
             Proc.; King's or Queen's Proctor, an official who can intervene
             in divorce cases

   Proctor (Richard Anthony)
             1837-88, British astronomer

   Procurator-fiscal
             Scottish law officer (cap. P, hyphen), abbr. PF

   prodrome  a preliminary treatise or symptom, not -dromus

   producible
             not -able

   proem/    preamble, adj. -ial

   pro et contra
             (Lat.), for and against. See also pro and con

   Prof(s).  professor(s)

   professoriate
             not -orate

   proffer/, -ed, -ing


   profit/, -ed, -ing


   profiterole
             confection of pastry and sweet filling (not ital.)

   Pr. of Man.
             Prayer of Manasses

   pro forma/
             (adv. and adj.), (done) as a matter of form; (noun) an account
             showing the market prices of specified goods; pl. -s

   progr/amme
             but -am (noun and verb) in computing

   pro hac vice
             (Lat.), on this occasion, not -- hѓc --

   projector not -er

   Prokofiev (Sergei Sergeyevich)
             1891-1953, Russian composer

   prolegomen/a
             preliminary remarks; sing. (rare) -on

   proleps/is
             anticipation, esp. of adjectives in gram., pl. -es

   proletari/at
             the poorest class in a community, not -ate; adj. -an, verb
             -anize, not -ise

   prologize etc., to deliver a prologue, not -ise, -uize

   PROM      (comp.), programmable read-only memory

   prom      a promenade (at seaside), a promenade concert (no point); The
             Proms, the Henry Wood Promenade Concerts

   prom.     promontory

   Promethean
             of or like Prometheus (Gr. myth.)

   promethium
             symbol Pm

   promissory note
             abbr. p.n.

   promoter  one who or that which promotes, not -or

   pron.     pronominal, pronoun, pronounced, pronunciation

   proneur   flatterer, in Fr. pr“neur

   pronoun   abbr. pron.; when relating to Deity, l.c. unless caps.
             specified

   pronounc/e, -eable, -ed, -ement, -ing
             abbr. pron.

   pronunciamento/
             a manifesto; pl. -s (not ital.) pronunciamiento (Sp.)  does not
             have this meaning

   pronunciation
             not -nounc-

   proof     (typ.), a trial printing of composed matter, taken for
             correction; author's --, a clean proof as corrected by the
             compositor, supplied to the author, and later returned by him
             with his corrections, abbr. a.p.; clean --, one having very few
             printer's errors; first --, the first taken after composition,
             usu. for in-house correction only; foundry --, the final one
             taken from type prepared for plating; galley or slip --, a proof
             taken before the matter is made up into pages: usu.  about 18
             in. long; page-on-galley or slip-page --, one having type made
             up into pages but not yet imposed; page --, or -- in sheets, one
             made up into pages; slip -- (see galley --, above); -- marks
             (see proof-correction marks); -- paper, that used for taking
             proofs; plate --, one taken from a plate; press --, the final
             one passed by author, editor, or publisher, for the press;
             ---reader, one who reads and corrects printers' proofs; rough
             --, one taken without special care

   proof-correction marks.
             Two systems are in current use: for a comprehensive treatment
             see BS 1259 and 5261 part 2. One or other must be used
             consistently throughout a given book. The second system is
             recommended when dealing with a foreign author or printer, and
             is increasingly found in work emanating from UK printers; a list
             of its marks is given in Hart's Rules, pp. 34-5, and in BS 5261
             part 2. The first is still in wide use in UK; its marks are
             listed in earlier editions of Hart and in BS 1259.  Write
             corrections clearly in the margin by the line to which they
             refer, in the same left-to-right sequence as they occur there.
             Use red for printer's errors, black or blue for author's
             changes. Never correct in pencil or crayon. Mark the precise
             point in the proof-text where correction is required. Ring round
             all words added to the proof which are not to be printed

   Prop.     Propertius

   prop      colloq. for (stage) property, propeller (no point)

   prop.     proposition

   propaganda
             an activity for the spread of a doctrine or practice, is
             singular

   proparoxytone
             (Gr. gram.), (word) with acute accent on last syllable but two

   pro patria
             (Lat.), for one's country

   propel/, -led, -ler, -ling


   propell/ant
             (noun); -ent (adj.)

   properispomen/on
             (Gr. gram.), (word) with circumflex on last syllable but one,
             pl. -a

   Propertius (Sextus)
             c.50-c.14 BC, Roman poet; abbr. Prop.

   prophe/cy (noun); -sy (verb)

   proposition
             abbr. prop.

   Proprietary
             (Austral., NZ, S. Afr.), after name of company, abbr. Pty.

   proprietary terms
             see capitalization

   proprio motu
             (Lat.), of his, or her, own accord

   propter hoc
             (Lat.), because of this.  See also post hoc

   propylae/um
             (Lat. from Gr.), entrance to temple, pl. -a; Propylaea, entrance
             to Acropolis at Athens (pl., cap.)

   propylon/ (Gr.), entrance to temple, pl. -s

   pro rata  in proportion (not ital.); pro re nata, as occasion may require
             (ital.), abbr. p.r.n.

   pros.     prosody

   pros and cons
             see pro and con

   prosceni/um
             the front part of the stage; pl. -ums

   proselyt/e
             a religious convert; -ize, to convert, not -ise

   prosit!   (Lat.), your good health!  (used by German students and others)

   prosod/y  the laws of poetic metre; abbr. pros.; -ic, -ist

   prosopograph/y
             hist. enquiry into social and family connections; -er, -ical

   prosopopoeia
             (rhet.), introduction of pretended speaker

   prospector
             not -er

   prospectus/
             pl. -es

   pros/y    commonplace, not -ey; -ily

   Prot.     Protectorate, Protestant

   protactinium
             symbol Pa

   protagonist
             leading character in a play, novel, or cause (not the opp.  of
             antagonist)

   pro tanto (Lat.), to that extent

   protean   assuming different shapes, like Proteus (Gr. myth.), not -ian

   protector not -er

   Protectorate
             abbr. Prot.

   prot‚g/‚  one under the protection of a patron, fem. -‚e, pl. -‚s, -‚es
             (not ital.)

   pro tempore
             (Lat.), for the time being, colloq. pro tem (no point, not
             ital.); abbr. p.t.

   Protestant/
             abbr. Prot.; -ism (cap.)

   protester not -or

   "Prothalamion"
             by Spenser, 1596

   protocol/ first draft of a diplomatic document, diplomatic etiquette; as
             verb, to record in protocol, -led, -ling

   protonotary
             a chief clerk, esp. to some lawcourts, not protho-

   prototype an original model

   protozo/on
             single-cell form of life, pl. -a (not ital.)

   protractor
             drawing instrument, not -er

   Proudhon (Pierre Joseph)
             1809-65, French socialist

   Prov.     Proven/ce, -‡al, Proverbs, Province, Provost

   prov.     proverbially, provincial, provisional

   prov/e, -able, -ed
             (lit., Sc., and US -en: see next), -ing

   proven (not)
             (Sc. law), a verdict pronouncing evidence insufficient to
             determine guilt or innocence

   provenance
             (place of) origin, not -venience (not ital.)

   proven‡ale (… la)
             (Fr. cook.), with garlic or onions (not cap.)

   Proven/ce S. France (no cedilla), -‡al; abbr. Prov.

   provenience
             use provenance

   Proverbs  OT, abbr. Prov.

   provinc/e abbr. Prov.; -ial, abbr.  prov.

   Province of Quebec
             Canada, abbr. PQ

   Provincetown
             Mass., US

   proviso/  stipulation; pl. -s (not ital.)

   Provo/    member of IRA, pl. -s

   Provost/  abbr. Prov.; ---Marshal (caps., hyphen), abbr. PM

   proxime/ accessit
             (Lat.), he, or she, came nearest (to winning a prize, etc.)
             abbr. prox. acc.; pl.  -- accesserunt

   proximo   in, or of, the next month; better not abbreviated

   PRS       President of the Royal Society (London)

   PRSA      President of the Royal Scottish Academy

   PRSE      President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

   prud'homme
             (Fr. m.), (formerly) good and true man; (now) expert, umpire

   Prudhomme see Sully Prudhomme

   Prufrock (J. Alfred)
             in T. S.  Eliot's Love Song, 1917

   prunella  a throat affliction; a strong silk or worsted material; plant of
             self-heal genus (as genus-name, cap. and ital.)

   Pruss.    Prussia, -n

16.20 PS...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PS        permanent secretary, Police Sergeant (see also police
             constable), postscriptum (postscript) (pl. PSS), private
             secretary, Privy Seal, (theat.)  prompt side

   Ps.       see Psalm

   p.s.      police sergeant

   Psalm     abbr. Ps.; Psalms (pl.), abbr. Pss.; Psalms (Book of, OT), abbr.
             Ps.

   Psalmist (the)
             (cap.)

   Psalter (the)
             the Book of Psalms, separately printed (cap.)

   psaltery  an anc. and medieval plucked instrument

   p's and q's
             (apos., no points)

   psepholog/y
             study of patterns in voting; -ical, -ist

   pseud     (colloq.), false (person)

   pseudepigraph/a
             (pl.), spurious writings; -ic, -ical

   pseudo/   false (person), pl. -s

   pseudonym an assumed name; abbr.  pseud.

   pshaw!    an exclamation, not psha, -h

   psi       Greek letter, used to denote parapsychological factors

   p.s.i./   pounds per square inch; --g., ditto gauge

   psittacosis
             a contagious disease

   PSS       postscripta (postscripts) (no point)

   Pss.      see Psalm

   PSV       public service vehicle

   psych.    psychic, -al

   psychedelic
             (of drugs) inducing fantastic mental pictures, (gen.)  having
             comparable effect (esp. of colour), not psycho-

   psycho/   (colloq.), psychotic (person), pl. -s

   psychoanaly/sis, -se, -st, -tic, -tical
             (one word)

   psychokinesis
             movement by psychic agency; abbr. PK

   psychol.  psycholog/y, -ical

   psycho/sis
             pl. -ses, adj. -tic

   psychotherapy
             (one word)

16.21 PT...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PT        physical training, post town, pupil teacher

   Pt        platinum (no point)

   Pt.       (geog.), Point, Port

   pt.       part, payment, pint, -s, (math.  & typ.) point

   p.t.      pro tempore (for the time being)

   PTA       Parent-Teacher Association

   pta.      peseta

   Ptah      (Egypt. religion), creator of the world

   Pte.      (mil.), Private

   pterodactyl
             not -le

   ptg.      printing

   ptisan    medicated drink, not tisane

   PTO       please turn over, Public Trustee Office

   ptomaine poisoning
             former name for "food poisoning"

   Pty.      (Austral., NZ, S. Afr.), Proprietary

16.22 Pu...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Pu        plutonium (no point)

   pub/      (colloq.), public house; ---crawl (hyphen)

   pub./     public, -an, publish, -ed, -er, -ing; -- doc., public document

   public address
             (hyphen when attrib.), abbr. PA

   public house
             (two words)

   publicity agent
             (two words)

   publicize not -ise

   public school
             (two words)

   publish/, -ed, -er, -ing
             abbr. pub.

   Publishers Association (The)
             (no apos.); abbr. PA

   publisher's binding
             (bibliog.), standard binding in which edition is supplied to
             booksellers

   pucka     use pukka

   pudend/um usu. pl. -a, genitals (usu. female)

   Puebla    Mexico

   Pueblo    Colorado, US

   pueblo/   town or village in Latin America, pl. -s

   Puerto/ Bello
             Panama; -- Rico, W.  Ind. island, adj. -- Rican; not Porto-

   puff/-adder, -ball
             (hyphens)

   puff pastry
             (two words)

   pug/-dog, -nose(d)
             (hyphens); adjs.  pugg/ish, -y

   puggaree  a hat-scarf, not the many variants

   Pugwash/  NS, Canada, site of first -- Conference

   puЊn/‚    (Fr.), fem. -‚e, younger; opposed to aЊn‚, senior

   puisne    (law), subsequent (to)

   pukka     not pucka, pukkah. See also sahib

   pul/e     to whine; -ing

   Pulitzer (Joseph)
             1847-1911, US journalist, endowed -- prizes for various genres
             of writing

   pull      (typ.), a proof

   pull a proof
             (typ.), print a few copies of galley etc. for correction
             purposes

   Pullman   railway carriage or motor coach (cap.)

   pull-out  (something) that pulls out (hyphen)

   pullover  knitted garment (one word)

   pulque    Mexican drink

   pulsar    (astr.), source of pulsating radio signals

   pulse-rate
             (hyphen)

   pulsimeter
             a pulse measurer

   Pulsometer
             propr. term for a pumping engine

   pulverize not -ise

   pumelo    use pomelo

   pumice/, -stone
             (hyphen); adj. -ous

   pummel/, -led, -ling
             to pound with the fists. See also pommel

   pummelo   use pomelo

   pumpernickel
             German rye bread

   Punchinello
             (cap.), principal character in Italian puppet-show; hence Punch
             (no point)

   punctatim (Lat.), point for point

   punctilio/
             (scrupulous observance of) a point of behaviour; pl. -s

   punctuation


             I.  General purpose
                 Punctuation in the written word corresponds to pauses,
                 inflexions, and emphases in the spoken word, the aim being
                 to make the sense clear. Within the framework of a few basic
                 rules, an author's choice of punctuation is as personal as
                 his choice of words, and editors, unless asked to impose
                 their own style upon the copy, must use great caution in
                 emendation. The punctuation in the copy should be followed
                 by the printer when so ordered, and always when setting
                 legal texts, or extracts or quotations from any source.

             II. comma (,)
                 This is the least emphatic of the separating marks. It may
                 be used:
                   1. To separate main clauses when the second is not closely
                 identified with the first, e.g.  "Cars will turn here, and
                 coaches will go straight on."  But cf. "He turned and ran."
                   2. When, without the comma, the eye or tongue would run on
                 and momentarily mistake the sense, e.g. "In the valley
                 below, the villages looked very small."
                   3. When the sentence would mean something different
                 without the comma, e.g. "He did not go to church, because he
                 was playing golf."
                   4. Between adjectives which each qualify a noun in the
                 same way, e.g. "a cautious, eloquent man" (but "a
                 distinguished foreign author").
                   5. To separate items (including the last) in a list of
                 more than two items, e.g. "potatoes, peas, and carrots",
                 "potatoes, peas, or carrots", "potatoes, peas, etc.".
                   6. After salutations and vocatives if they do not end a
                 sentence, e.g. My Lord, Dear Sir, O God, and also before
                 them if they do not begin the sentence.
                   7. To mark the beginning and end of a parenthetical word
                 or phrase, e.g. "I am sure, however, that it will not
                 happen", "Infidels, i.e. Christians, may not enter", "Fred,
                 who is bald, complained of the cold" (but "Men who are bald
                 wear hats").
                   8. Before a quotation. Note the increasing weight of the
                 break before the quotation in the following: 'You say "It
                 cannot be done." I boldly cried out, "Woe to this city!"
                 Then he wrote these words: "I have named none to their
                 disadvantage."'
                   9. In numbers of four or more figures, to separate each
                 three consecutive figures, starting from the right, e.g.
                 10,135,793.  For exceptions see numerals.

             III. semicolon (;)
                 This separates those parts of a sentence between which there
                 is a more distinct break than would call for a comma, but
                 which are too closely connected to be made into separate
                 sentences. Ideally, it should separate clauses or phrases
                 that are similar in importance and in grammatical
                 construction, e.g. "To err is human; to forgive, divine."
                  See also Greek.

             IV. colon (:)
                 This is used:
                   1. When the preceding part of the sentence is complete in
                 sense and construction, and the following part naturally
                 arises from it in sense though not in construction, e.g.
                 "The universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not
                 seem part of it."
                   2. To lead from introduction to main theme, from cause to
                 effect, or from premiss to conclusion, e.g. "Country life is
                 the natural life: it is there that you will find real
                 friendship."
                   3. To introduce a list of items (a dash should not be
                 added), and after such expressions as "namely", "for
                 example", "to resume", "to sum up", "the following".

             V.  period, full point, full stop (.)
                 This is used:
                   1. At the end of all sentences which are not questions or
                 exclamations. The next word should generally begin with a
                 capital letter.
                   2. After many abbreviations (q.v.) and initials. If such a
                 point closes the sentence, it also serves as the sentence's
                 full point, e.g. ". . . cats etc." but ". . . cats etc.)."
                   3. Do not use a further full point at the end of a
                 sentence that concludes with a quotation itself ending with
                 a full point, question mark, or exclamation mark, e.g. 'He
                 cried "Be off!"' But where the quoted sentence is a short
                 statement, and the introducing sentence has much more
                 weight, the point is put outside the quotation marks, e.g.
                 'He took many years considering the implications of the
                 simple phrase "Thou art the man".'
                  See also decimal currency, ellipsis, time of day.

             VI. question mark, note of interrogation (?)
                   1. This should follow every question which expects a
                 separate answer. It is not used after indirect questions,
                 e.g.  "He asked why I was there."  The next word should
                 generally begin with a capital letter.
                   2. It may be placed before a word etc. whose accuracy is
                 doubted, e.g. "T. Tallis ?1505-85".
                  See also XI. 1.
                   3. ? is used in chess reports to denote a bad move.
                  See also Greek, quotation marks, Spanish.

             VII. exclamation mark, note of exclamation (!)
                 This is used:
                   1. After an exclamatory word, phrase, or sentence
                 expressing absurdity, command, contempt, disgust, emotion,
                 enthusiasm, pain, sorrow, a wish, wonder.
                   2. In mathematics, as the factorial sign; in chess
                 reports, to denote a good move.
                   3. In square brackets after a quotation, to express the
                 editor's amusement, dissent, or surprise.
                   See also quotation marks, Spanish.

             VIII. apostrophe (')
                 This is used:
                   1. To show the possessive case, q.v.
                   2. To show an omission, e.g.  e'er, tho', we'll, he's (he
                 is, he has), it's (it is), '69 (1969, or whichever century
                 the context demands).
                   3. In Irish names, such as O'Connor; but see Mac.
                   4. As the "closing quote"; see quotation marks.

             IX. turned comma (')
                 This is used:
                   1. As the "opening quote"; see quotation marks.
                   2. In Scottish names, such as M'Gregor.

             X.  parentheses ( )
                 These enclose:
                   1. Interpolations and remarks made by the writer of the
                 text himself, e.g. "He is (as he always was) a rebel."
                   2. An authority, definition, explanation, reference, or
                 translation.
                   3. In the report of a speech, interruptions by the
                 audience.
                   4. Reference letters or figures, e.g. (i), (a). These do
                 not need a point as well as the parentheses. See also XV
                 below.

             XI. brackets
                   1. square []. These enclose comments, corrections,
                 explanations, interpolations, notes, question marks, or
                 translations, which were not in the original text, but have
                 been added by subsequent authors, editors, or others, e.g.
                 "He [Bloggs] fell down."
                   2. angle. (a) In text-critical editions, pairs of these
                 (preferably narrow) enclose words conjecturally supplied at
                 a defective or illegible point in the source.  (b) In
                 scientific, mathematical, philological, etc. work, a single
                 bracket (preferably wide) indicates relative size of
                 entities, direction or derivation of argument, etc.
                   3. Curly (or hooked) brackets { }, double square brackets
                 [[ ]], together with square and angle brackets, have a
                 special significance in epigraphical work: see A. G.
                 Woodhead, The Study of Greek Inscriptions.

             XII. dashes
                  (a) The en rule is used:
                   1. To join pairs wherever movement or tension, rather than
                 co-operation or unity (for which use hyphen) is felt, e.g.
                 "1914-18 war" (but "from 1914 to 1918"), "current-voltage
                 characteristic", "the Fischer-Spassky match", "the
                 London-Horsham-Brighton route", "the Marxist-Trotskyite
                 split" (but "the Marxist-Leninist position" (hyphen)). Note
                 also "Franco-Prussian War" (hyphen, because "Franco-" is a
                 prefix which cannot stand alone).
                   2. For joint authors (hyphen would lead to confusion with
                 a single double-barrelled name).
                  (b) The em rule is used:
                   1. Instead of the parentheses in X. 1 above.
                   2. In informal contexts, to replace the colon in IV. 1, 2
                 above.
                   3. To indicate pauses in hesitant speech, or the ending
                 and resumption of a statement interrupted by an
                 interlocutor.  If the sentence is not interrupted but
                 abandoned, use the ellipsis (q.v.).
                   4. In dictionaries, indexes, etc., to represent the
                 headword, and so save space.
                   5. To replace an omitted word.  (c) The two-em rule is
                 used in bibliography entries cued in by author name, to
                 avoid the repetition of the same name(s) in successive
                 entries.  One 2-em rule serves for the complete name (in
                 whatever form) of each person.

             XIII. hyphen
                 This is used:
                   1. To join two or more words so as to form a single
                 expression, e.g. ear-ring, get-at-able, and words having a
                 syntactical relationship which form a compound, as
                 weight-carrying (objective), punch-drunk (instrumental); and
                 in a compound used attrib., to clarify the unification of
                 the sense, e.g.  a blood-red hand, the well-known man, but
                 prettily furnished rooms, the man is well known (predic.).
                   2. To join a prefix to a proper name, e.g. anti-Darwinian.
                   3. To prevent misconceptions by linking words, e.g. a
                 poor-rate collection, a poor rate-collection.
                   4. To prevent misconceptions by separating a prefix from
                 the main word, e.g. recover, re-cover (an umbrella) (a
                 footballer) resigns, re-signs.
                   5. To separate two similar consonant or vowel sounds in a
                 word, as a help to understanding and pronunciation, e.g.
                 sword-dance, Ross-shire, co-operate (the hyphen here is
                 preferable to a diaeresis, q.v.).
                   6. To represent a common second element in all but the
                 last word of a list, e.g. two-, three-, or fourfold.
                   7. At the end of a line of print, to indicate that the
                 last word has been divided; see division of words.
                   See also XII (a) above, fractions, and, in general, Hart's
                 Rules, pp. 76-81.

             XIV. brace
                   This is used (usu. vertically) to connect words, lines,
                 staves of music, etc., and in mathematical and tabular work.
                 When used to show that one thing comprises several others,
                 the brace should point towards the single item, which should
                 be centred on it.

             XV. duplication of points
                   This should be avoided where possible. A comma should not
                 precede or follow a dash, nor a full point an exclamation or
                 question mark. If a sentence which is a statement ends with
                 quoted matter which is itself a statement, the full point
                 before the final "quote" will be sufficient, unless this is
                 itself closed by a parenthesis. See also V. 2, 3 above.
                 There are many complications (see Hart's Rules, pp. 45-8),
                 but, as in all punctuation, clarity is the object, and logic
                 and common sense the touchstones. See also quotation marks;
                 and for a detailed treatment of the whole topic of this
                 article, Hart's Rules, pp. 38-49

   punctus   (Lat.), a point; pl. same

   pundit    Hindu sage, (gen.) expert.  See also pandit

   Punica fides
             (Lat.), Punic faith, treachery

   Punjab    India and Pakistan, not -aub, Panjab

   Punjabi   (inhabitant or dialect) of Punjab, not -bee

   punkah    (Anglo-Ind.), a large fan, not -a

   Punkt     (Ger. typ. m.), point, dot, a full stop (cap.); punktieren, to
             point, dot, or punctuate; Punktierung (f.), punctuation

   PUO       (med.), pyrexia (fever) of unknown origin

   pup/a     (entom.), a chrysalis; pl. -ae (not ital.)

   pupillage (two ls)

   pur       use purr

   -pur      (Ind.), a city, as Nagpur, Kanpur

   Purana    Sanskrit sacred poem

   Purchas (Samuel)
             1577-1626, English compiler of voyages

   purchas/able
             not -eable; -er, not -or

   purdah    (Ind.), (curtain for) seclusion of women of rank, not -a

   pur‚e     pulped and sieved vegetables etc.

   purgatory place of temporary suffering and purification of souls of the
             dead (not cap.)

   Purim     Jewish festival

   puritan/  one strict in religion or morals (cap. in hist. use); -ical,
             -ism, -ize, not -ise

   purl      in knitting, not pearl

   Purleigh  Essex

   Purley    Berks., London

   purlieus  surroundings

   purpose/, -ful, -less, -ly


   purr      of or as a cat, not pur

   pur sang  (Fr. m.), pure blood; adj., thoroughbred, total

   purslane  (bot.), a salad herb, not -lain

   purveyor  one whose business is to supply meat or meals, not -er

   push/-bike, -button, -chair
             (hyphens)

   push-over (colloq.), a difficulty easily overcome (hyphen)

   Pushtu    use Pashto

   put       in golf use putt

   putre/fy  to go rotten, not -ify; -scent, in process of rotting; -scible,
             liable to rot

   putsch    (Ger. m.), a revolutionary attempt (ital.)

   putt      in golf, not put

   puttees   strips of cloth worn round the lower leg for protection, not
             -ies

   putt/o    (It.), figure of child in Renaissance art, pl. -i

   Puy-de-D“me
             d‚p. France (hyphens, two caps.). In phrases, puy (Fr.  m.), a
             small volcanic cone, to have lower-case p and no hyphens, as le
             puy de D“me

16.23 PVC
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   PVC       polyvinyl chloride

16.24 Pwllheli...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Pwllheli  Gwynedd

   PWR       pressurized water reactor

   pwt       pennyweight, use dwt.

16.25 pyaemia...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   pyaemia   (med.), a type of blood-poisoning, not pyem-

   pye       (typ.), use pie

   pyebald   use pie-

   pye-dog   an oriental ownerless dog, not pi-, pie-

   pygm/y    not pigmy; adj. -aean, not -ean

   pyjamas   not the many variants; US pa-

   pyknic    (person) of short, squat stature

   pyorrhoea discharge of pus

   Pyrenees Mts.
             France and Spain

   Pyr‚nees/-Atlantiques; Hautes---;
             ---Orientales, d‚ps. France

   pyro/lysis
             decomposition from heat, pl. -lyses; -lyse, not -lyze

   pyrotechnics
             the art of fireworks; abbr. pyrotech.

   pyrrhic/ dance
             anc. Gr. war-dance; -- foot (prosody), foot of two short
             syllables; Pyrrhic victory, one won at great cost, like that of
             Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, over Romans in 279 BC

   Pyrrhon/  c.300 BC, Greek sceptic philosopher; -ism

   Pytchley Hunt (the)


   Pythian   of Delphi, anc. Greece

   pyx (trial of the)
             at the Royal Mint, not pix (not cap.)

17.0 Q
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



17.1 Q...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Q...      quartermaster, Quarto (Shakespeare), (chess) queen (no point),
             the sixteenth in a series

   Q.        pseud. of Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch, q.v.

   Q.        Queen('s), question

   q.        quaere, query, quintal, quire, -s, (meteor.) squalls

17.2 QAB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   QAB       Queen Anne's Bounty

   Qaisar-i-Hind
             use K-

   Qantas    Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Service (the Australian
             Commonwealth airline)

   QARANC    Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps

   QARNNS    Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service

   Qatar/    Persian Gulf; adj. -i

17.3 QB...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   QB        Queen's Bench; (chess) queen's bishop

   QBD       Queen's Bench Division

   Q-boat    (First World War), a merchant-vessel with concealed guns

   QBP       (chess), queen's bishop's pawn

17.4 QC
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   QC        Queen's, or Queens', College, Queen's Counsel

17.5 q.e....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   q.e.      quod est (which is)

   QED       quod erat demonstrandum (which was to be demonstrated)

   QEF       quod erat faciendum (which was to be done)

   QEI       quod erat inveniendum (which was to be found out)

17.6 QF
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   QF        quick-firing

17.7 qibla
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   qibla     use kiblah

17.8 QKt
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   QKt       (chess), queen's knight; QKtP, queen's knight's pawn

17.9 q.l....
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   q.l.      quantum libet (as much as you please)

   Qld       Queensland (Australia) (no point)

17.10 QM...
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   QM        Quartermaster

   q.m.      quomodo (by what means)

   QMC       Queen Mary College, London

   Q.Mess.   Queen's Messenger

   QMG       Quartermaster-General

   QMS       Quartermaster-Sergeant

17.11 QN...
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   QN        (chess), queen's knight;

   QNP       queen's knight's pawn

17.12 Qom
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   Qom       use Qum

17.13 QP...
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   QP        (chess), queen's pawn

   q.pl.     quantum placet (as much as seems good)

   QPM       Queen's Police Medal

   QPR       Queen's Park Rangers

   qq.v.     quae vide (which see; refers to plural)

17.14 QR...
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   QR        (chess), queen's rook

   qr.       quarter (28 lb.), quire

   QRP       (chess), queen's rook's pawn

   Qrs.      quarters

17.15 QS...
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   QS        quarter sessions, Queen's Scholar

   q.s.      quantum sufficit (as much as suffices)

   QSO       quasi-stellar object, quasar

17.16 qt....
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   qt.       quantity, quart, -s

   q.t.      (colloq.), (on the) quiet

17.17 qu....
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   qu.       question

   qua       (Lat.), in the character of, not …, -ѓ

   quad      (colloq.), quadrangle; quadraphony; a quadruplet; (typ.)  in
             metal-setting, a piece of spacing material, usually of size en,
             em, 2-em, 3-em, or 4-em; in photosetting, the action of spacing
             out a line; (paper) a size of printing paper four times
             (quadruple) the basic size; (no point in any sense)

   quad.     quadrant

   Quadragesima
             first Sunday in Lent

   quadraphon/y
             sound reproduction using four transmission channels; -ic,
             -ically, not quadri-, quadro-; (colloq.) quad

   quadrenni/um
             a period of four years; pl. -ums; -al; not quadrie-

   quadroon  offspring of White and mulatto, with quarter-Negro blood

   quaere    (Lat. imperative), inquire; (as noun) a question; abbr. q.

   quaestor  anc. Rom. magistrate. See also que-

   quae vide (Lat.), which see; refers to plural; abbr. qq.v.

   quag/     -gy

   quagga    (S.Afr.), extinct zebra-like animal

   quai      (Fr. m.), quay, railway platform

   quaich    Scots drinking vessel, not -gh

   Quai d'Orsay
             Paris, the French Foreign Office

   Quaker    a member of the Society of Friends

   quand m€me
             (Fr.), notwithstanding, all the same

   quango/   "quasi non-governmental organization", pl. -s

   quantity  abbr. qt.

   quantize  not -ise

   quant/um  (not ital.), a natural minimum quantity of an entity; pl.  -a;
             hence -um theory, theory of the emission and absorption of
             energy in finite amounts. See also Planck

   quant/um  (Lat.), a concrete quantity, pl. -a; quantum/ libet, as much as
             you please, abbr. q.l.; -- meruit, as much as he, or she,
             deserved; -- placet, as much as seems good, abbr. q. pl.; --
             sufficit, as much as suffices, abbr. q.s. or quant. suff.; --
             vis, as much as you wish, abbr. q.v.

   Qu'Appelle/
             river; -- (Bp. of), Rupert's Land, Canada

   quark     (phys.), one of orig. three hypothetical components of
             elementary particles, from "three quarks for Muster Mark" in
             James Joyce's Finnegans Wake

   Quarles (Francis)
             1592-1644, English poet

   quarrel/, -led, -ler
             (not -lor), -ling, -some

   quart     two pints, abbr. qt.; position in fencing, not carte; sequence
             in piquet

   quart.    quarterly

   Quart     (Ger. n.), quarto (cap.)

   quarter/, -s
             abbr. qr., qrs.

   quarter-binding
             the spine in a different material from the rest of the case

   quarter-day
             (hyphen)

   quarterdeck
             (one word)

   quarter/-final, -light
             (hyphens)

   quartermaster
             (one word), abbr. QM or Q; Quartermaster/-General (hyphen,
             caps.), abbr. QMG; --- Sergeant (hyphen, caps.), abbr. QMS

   quarter sessions
             (two words, not caps.), abbr. QS

   quartet   not -ette

   quartier/ (Fr. cook. m.), quarter; -- d'agneau, -- of lamb; quartier-
             g‚n‚ral, mil. headquarters; Quartier Latin, the Latin Quarter of
             Paris

   quarto/   (typ.), a book based on four leaves, eight pages, to the sheet;
             pl. -s; abbr. 4to (no point). See also book sizes

   quartz    form of silica

   quasar    a quasi-stellar object; abbr. QSO

   quasi-    prefix with sense "seeming(ly)", "almost"

   Quasimodo/
             first Sunday after Easter (one word, cap.); character in Hugo's
             Notre-Dame de Paris; -- (Salvatore), 1901-85, Italian poet

   quass     (Russ.), rye-beer; use kvass

   quater/centenary
             (celebration of) four-hundredth anniversary; -nary, (set) of
             four parts; not quart-

   quater-cousin
             use cater-

   quatrain  stanza of four lines usu.  with alternate rhymes

   Quatre-Bras (battle of)
             1815

   quattrocento
             1400-99, art and literature of the early Renaissance period

   quay      a wharf, not key

   QUB       Queen's University, Belfast

   Quebec/   Canada, abbr. PQ or Que.; adj. and n. -ois, pl. same

   Quechua   Peruvian Indian, not Qui-

   Queen     abbr. Q.; (chess, no point)

   Queen Anne's Bounty
             formerly for augmenting C. of E. livings (apos.); abbr. QAB

   Queenborough
             Sheppey, Kent. See also Queens-

   Queen Mary College
             London, not Mary's, abbr. QMC

   Queen's   abbr. Q.

   Queens    borough of New York City (no apos.)

   Queensberry/ (Marquess of); --
             Rules, in boxing

   Queensborough
             Co. Louth. See also Queenb-

   Queensbury
             London, W. Yorks.

   Queen's College (The)
             Oxford (named after one queen)

   Queens' College
             Camb. (named after two queens)

   Queen's Counsel
             abbr. QC

   Queen's County
             Ireland, now Laois

   Queensland
             (Australia), abbr. Qld

   Queen's Printer
             see printer

   Quelimane Mozambique

   quelque chose
             (Fr. m.), some thing, a trifle

   quenelle  (cook.), a forcemeat ball

   Quentin Durward
             by Sir W. Scott, 1823

   query     abbr. q., qy, sign ?

   Quesnay (Fran‡ois)
             1694-1774, French economist

   question  abbr. Q. or qu.; -- mark (?), see capitalization, punctuation VI

   questionnaire
             a formulated series of questions (not ital.)

   questor   official of RCC or French Assembly. See also quae-

   Qu‚telet (Lambert Adolphe Jacques)
             1796-1874 Belgian mathematician and astronomer

   Quetta    Pakistan

   quetzal   beautiful bird of Central America, currency unit of Guatemala

   Quetzalcoatl
             trad. culture-hero of the Aztecs

   queu/e    persons in line, to form this, -ed, -ing, not cue

   queue/    (Fr. f.), tail; -- de boeuf, oxtail

   quiche    open flan (not ital.)

   Quichua   use Quechua

   quick/lime, -sand, -set, -silver, -step
             (one word)

   quicumque vult
             (Lat.), whosoever will (first words of the Athanasian Creed)

   quid      (Lat.), that which a thing is

   quidam    (Lat.), an unknown person, pl. same

   quidnunc  a gossip (not ital.)

   quid pro quo
             something in return, an equivalent (not ital.)

   ЁQuien sabe?
             (Sp.), Who knows?  (turned question mark before, unturned after)

   quietus   a settlement, final riddance (not ital.)

   Quiller-Couch (Sir Arthur Thomas)
             1863-1944, English novelist and essayist (hyphen); pseud. Q.

   quin      colloq. for quintuplet (no point)

   quincentenary
             (celebration of) five-hundredth anniversary (one word)

   quincun/x five arranged as on dice; pl. -xes; adj. -cial

   quinine   medicine in treating malaria and fevers, not -in

   Quinquagesima
             the Sunday before Lent

   quinquenni/um
             a period of five years; pl. -ums

   quinquereme
             anc. galley with five banks of oars

   quins/y   tonsillitis, not -cy,-sey, -zy; -ied

   quint     sequence of five cards in piquet. See also quinte

   quint/al  100 kg., 220.5 lb., 1.968 cwt., not kentle, kintle; pl. -als (in
             French -aux); abbr. q.

   quinte    position in fencing. See also quint

   quintet   (mus.), not -ette

   quintillion
             cardinal number, 1 with 30 noughts; (US) 1 with 18 noughts

   quiproquo (Fr. m.), mistake

   quipu     the anc. Peruvian language of knotted cords, not -po, -ppo, -ppu

   quire     24 or 25 sheets of paper; abbr. q. or qr., pl. same. See alto
             choir

   Qui s'excuse s'accuse
             (Fr.), to excuse oneself is to accuse oneself

   quisling  traitor, from Vidkun Quisling, 1887-1945, pro-Nazi leader in
             Norway

   quit/, -ted, -ter (not -tor), -ting


   Quito     cap. of Ecuador

   Qui va l…?
             (Fr.), Who goes there?

   Qui vive? (Fr.), Who goes there?

   qui vive (on the)
             on the alert (not ital.)

   quixotic  (not cap.), extravagantly romantic and visionary, like Don
             Quixote, hero of the romance (1605) by Cervantes

   quiz/     to interrogate, a competition by interrogation, -zed, -zer,
             -zes, -zing

   Qum       river, city, and former province, central Iran, not Qom

   Qumran    Jordan, site associated with Dead Sea Scrolls

   quoad/    (Lat.), as far as; - hoc, to this extent

   quod erat demonstrandum
             etc., see QED etc.

   quod est  (Lat.), which is; abbr.  q.e.

   quodlibet (mus.) a medley; (hist.)  (exercise on) subject of philos. or
             theol. disputation

   quod vide (Lat.), which see; refers to sing.; abbr. q.v.

   quoins    (typ.), wedges or expanding devices which secure type, blocks,
             and furniture in the chase; pron. coins

   quoits    a game, not coits

   quo jure? (Lat.), by what right?

   quomodo   (Lat.), by what means; abbr.  q.m.

   quondam   (adj.), former, from Lat.  quondam (adv.), formerly

   quor/um   the number of members whose presence is needed to make
             proceedings valid; pl. -ums (not ital.); adj. -ate

   quot.     quot/ation, -ed

   quota/    a share; pl. -s

   quotation marks
             (typ.), in English, one turned comma at the beginning and one
             apostrophe at the end; colloq. quotes (no point). The apostrophe
             at the end of the quotation should come before all punctuation
             marks unless these form part of the quotation itself; see also
             punctuation V.3. Quotes and roman type are to be used when
             citing titles of articles in magazines, series titles, chapters
             of books, essays, poems (but see poems, titles of), and songs.
             They are not to be used for the titles of the books of the
             Bible; where the substance only of an extract is given; or where
             the tense or person has been altered. For further guidance, see
             Hart's Rules, pp. 44-9, and (for foreign languages) 100-2, 110,
             130, 134

   quotations
             all extracts in the exact words of the original, if set run on
             in the text matter, to have "quotes" at the commencement, and at
             the beginning of each paragraph (not each line, except in
             special cases), and at the end of the quotation. If the extract
             is set broken off from the main text, quotation marks are not
             required, except in conversational matter.  Punctuation of the
             extract to be exactly as in the original. The concluding point
             to be outside the last quotation mark if not in the original.
             See also ellipsis

   quotations within quotations
             to have double quotation marks within the single. Quotations
             within the double quotation to be single-quoted

   quote     (typ.), to enclose within quotation marks

   quotes    (typ.), quotation marks, q.v.

   quot homines, tot sententiae
             (Lat.), there are as many opinions as there are persons

   quo vadis?
             (Lat.), where are you going?

17.18 q.v.
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   q.v.      quantum vis (as much as you wish), quod vide (which see; refers
             to sing.)

17.19 qwerty keyboard
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   qwerty keyboard
             of typewriter or computer input (no caps.; acronym from the
             first letters on top row of this keyboard)

17.20 qy
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   qy        query (no point)

18.0 R
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-



18.1 R...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   R         radius, rand, retarder (on timepiece regulator), roentgen,
             (chess) rook, the seventeenth in a series; rupee, use Re

   R         (elec.), symbol for resistance

   R.        rabbi, Radical, railway, rector, regiment, registered, reply,
             (US) Republican, River, Royal, (Fr.) Rue (street), (Ger.) Recht
             (law), (Lat.) regina (queen), respublica (commonwealth), rex
             (king), (naut.)  run (deserted), (theat.) right (from actor's
             point of view), (thermom.) R‚aumur

   r.        rare, recto, residence, resides, right, rises, rouble, -s,
             (meteor.)  rain

   r         months, Sept. to Apr.

18.2 RA...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RA        Rear-Admiral, Royal/ Academy, -- Academician, -- Artillery,
             (astr.)  right ascension

   Ra        radium (no point); Egyptian god of the sun

   RAA       Royal Academy of Arts

   RAAF      Royal Auxiliary Air Force

   Rabat     cap. of Morocco

   Rabb.     Rabbinic

   Rabbet/, -ed, -ing
             groove in woodwork; also rebate; not rabbit

   rabbi/    Jewish expounder of the law; pl. -s; abbr. R. (cap.); Chief
             Rabbi (caps.)

   rabbin/   usually pl. -s, Jewish authorities on the law, mainly of
             2nd-13th cc.; -ical, -ism, ist

   Rabbinic  (cap.) (noun), late Hebrew; abbr. Rabb.

   rabbit/   a rodent; to hunt rabbits, -ed, -ing; ---warren (hyphen). See
             also rabbet, rebate

   rabdomancy
             use rhab-

   Rabelais/ (Fran‡ois)
             1483-1553, French writer; adj. -ian (cap.)

   rabscallion
             use raps-

   RAC       Royal Agricultural College, -- Armoured Corps, -- Automobile
             Club

   raccoon   use racoon

   racecourse
             (one word)

   race/goer, -horse
             (one word)

   race relations
             (two words)

   race-riot (hyphen)

   racey     use racy

   rach/is   (bot., zool.), more usual than rhachis; pl. (incorrectly formed)
             -ides

   rachiti/s rickets; -c

   Rachmaninov (Sergei Vasilyevich)
             1873-1943, Russian composer

   Rachmanism
             slum landlordism (from 1963)

   rack (and ruin).
             But use wrack for destruction, seaweed

   racket/   not racquet; -eer, -s (game), -y

   rackett   (mus.), Renaissance woodwind instrument, not racket, rank-

   racont/eur
             fem. -euse (not ital.)

   racoon    bushy-tailed animal, not race-

   racquet   use racket

   RACS      Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society

   rac/y     not -ey; -ily

   RAD       Royal Academy of Dancing

   rad       former unit of absorbed radiation dose, = 0.01 Gy (now use
             gray); radian

   rad.      radix (root)

   Rad.      Radical

   RADA      Royal Academy of Dramatic Art

   radar     radio detection and ranging (not cap.)

   RADC      Royal Army Dental Corps

   Radcliffe (Ann)
             1764-1823, English writer; -- (John), 1650-1714, English
             physician; -- College, Mass., US; -- Camera, Infirmary, Science
             Library, and Observatory, Oxford. See also Rat-

   radian    SI unit of plane angle (approx. 57.296 degrees), abbr. rad

   radiator  not -er

   Radical   (polit.), abbr. R. or Rad.

   radical   (chem.), not -cle

   radicle   (bot.)

   radio/    pl. -s

   radioactiv/e
             (one word); -ity

   radio/-carbon, -cobalt
             etc.  (hyphens)

   radiograph
             X-ray photograph

   radioisotope
             (one word)

   radium    symbol Ra

   rad/ius   pl. -ii, abbr. R

   rad/ius vect/or
             pl. -ii -ores

   rad/ix    a root; pl. -ices; abbr.  rad.

   radon     symbol Rn

   RAE       Royal Aircraft Establishment(s)

   Rae (John)
             1813-93, Scottish Arctic traveller. See also Ray, Reay

   Rae Bareli
             Uttar Pradesh, India, not Ray Bareilly

   Raeburn (Sir Henry)
             1756-1823, Scottish painter

   RAEC      Royal Army Education Corps

   R.Aero.C. Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom

   R.Ae.S.   Royal Aeronautical Society

   Raetia    use Rh-

   RAF       Royal Air Force

   RAFA      Royal Air Forces Association

   raffia    a palm fibre, not rafia, raphia

   RAFRO     Royal Air Force Reserve of Officers

   RAFVR     Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve

   rag/, -ged, -ging


   rag-and-bone man
             (two hyphens)

   rag-bag   (hyphen)

   rag doll  (two words)

   ragee     a coarse Indian grain, not ragg-, -i

   ragout    a rich meat stew; in Fr. m.  rago–t

   ragtag    (one word) and bobtail (one word)

   ragtime   (mus.) (one word)

   Ragusa    It. for Dubrovnik (Yugoslavia); also a town in Sicily

   RAI       Royal Anthropological Institute

   raie      (Fr. f.), skate (fish)

   Raikes (Robert)
             1735-1811, English originator of Sunday Schools

   rail/car, -head, -road, -way
             (abbr.  R. or rly.), -wayman (one word)

   rain/     abbr. r.; -bow, -coat, -drop, -fall (one word)

   rain forest
             (two words)

   rainhat   (one word)

   rain-water
             (hyphen)

   raison/ de plus
             (Fr.), all the more reason; -- d'‚tat, a reason of State; --
             d'€tre, purpose of existence

   raisonn/‚ (Fr.), fem. -‚e, reasoned out

   raj       (Hindi), sovereignty

   raja/     Indian title, Malay or Javanese chief, not -h (not cap.).  See
             also ranee

   Rajagopalachari (Chakravarti)
             1878-1972, last Gov.-Gen. of India, 1948-50

   Rajasthan Indian state

   Rajput/   member of Hindu soldier caste, not -poot; -ana, Indian region

   Rajshahi  Bangladesh, not Rajeshaye

   rѓle/     noise made in difficult breathing; pl. -s

   Ralegh (Sir Walter)
             1552-1618, English courtier, colonizer, soldier, and writer;
             -eigh usual but erroneous

   Raleigh (Prof. Sir Walter Alexander)
             1861-1922, English writer. See also Rayleigh

   Ralfs (John)
             1807-90, English botanist

   rallentando/
             (mus.), (passage performed) with decreasing pace, pl. -s; abbr.
             rall.

   RAM       (comp.) random-access memory; Royal Academy of Music (London)

   ram/, -med, -ming


   Ramadan   Muslim fast, also ninth Muslim month; Pers. and Turk.  Ramazan

   Raman (Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata)
             1888-1970, Indian physicist; -- effect, change of frequency in
             scattering of radiation

   Ramayana  Hindu epic

   Rambouillet
             d‚p. Seine-et-Oise, France

   RAMC      Royal Army Medical Corps

   ramchuddar
             Indian shawl

   Ram‚e (Marie Louise de la)
             1839-1908, French writer of English novels; pseud. Ouida

   ramekin   (a cheesecake served in) a small mould, not -quin

   Rameses   name of kings of ancient Egypt, not Ramses

   Ramillies (battle of)
             1706

   Rampur    Uttar Pradesh, India

   Ramsay (Allan)
             1686-1758, Scottish poet; -- (Allan), 1713-84, Scottish painter;
             -- (Sir William), 1852-1916, Scottish chemist

   Ramses    use Rameses

   Ramsey    Cambs., Essex, I.o.M.

   Ramsey (Arthur Michael)
             1904-88, Bp. of Durham 1952-6, Abp. of York 1956-61, Abp. of
             Canterbury 1961-74; -- (Ian Thomas), 1915-72, Bp.  of Durham
             1966-72

   ram/us    (Lat.), a branch; pl. -i

   rancher/o (Sp.), fem. -a, a small farmer

   ranc/our  spite, but -orous

   Rand      (colloq.), the Witwatersrand, S. Africa

   rand      S. Afr. unit of currency, pl.  same; abbr. R

   R. & A.   Royal and Ancient (Golf Club)

   R. & B.   rhythm and blues

   R. & D.   research and development

   Randolph-Macon College
             Ashland and Lynchburg, Va.

   ranee     Hindu queen, wife or widow of raja (q.v.), not rann-, rani

   Ranelagh Gardens
             Chelsea (1742-1804)

   rang/e    (typ.), to align sorts vertically and/or horizontally; -ing
             numerals, lining numerals, q.v.

   Rangoon   Burma, not -un

   rani      use ranee

   Ranjit Singh
             1780-1839, founder of Sikh kingdom

   Ranjitsinhji (Kumar Shri)
             1872-1933, Indian cricketer; Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar
             1906-33

   Ranke (Leopold von)
             1795-1886, German historian

   ranket(t) use rackett

   rannee    use ranee

   Ransom (John Crowe)
             1888-1974, US poet

   Ransome (Arthur)
             1884-1967, English writer

   ranuncul/us
             a buttercup, pl. -uses; (bot.) the genus including buttercups
             (cap. and ital.)

   ranz-des-vaches
             Swiss alpenhorn melody

   RAOB      Royal Antediluvian Order of Buffaloes

   RAOC      Royal Army Ordnance Corps

   rap/, -ped, -ping


   RAPC      Royal Army Pay Corps

   Raphael/  (in It. Raffaello Sanzio), 1483-1520, Italian painter; adj.
             -esque

   raphia    use raffia

   raphide   (bot., zool.), a needle-like crystal, not rha-

   Rappahannock
             river, Virginia

   rapparee  a seventeenth-century Irish freebooter

   rappee    a coarse snuff

   rappel/   (make) descent of rock-face using doubled rope, -led, -ling (not
             ital.)

   rapport   fruitful communication or relationship (not ital.)

   rapporteur
             one who prepares account of proceedings (not ital.)

   rapprochement
             (Fr. m.), establishment or renewal of friendly relations

   rapscallion
             rascal, not rabs-

   rar/a av/is
             (Lat.), a prodigy, literally a rare bird; pl. -ae -es

   rare      abbr. r.

   rarebit   see Welsh rabbit

   rarefaction
             not -efication

   rarefy    not rari-

   rarity    not -ety

   RARO      Regular Army Reserve of Officers

   Rarotonga Cook Islands, New Zealand

   RAS       Royal Agricultural, Asiatic, or Astronomical Society

   RASC      Royal Army Service Corps, now RCT

   rase      to destroy, use raze

   Raskolnik/
             (Russ.), a dissenter from the Orthodox Church, pl. -i; now
             commonly called Old Believer

   Rasoumoffsky
             see Rasumovsky

   Rasselas  by S. Johnson, 1759

   Rastafarian
             member of Jamaican sect

   Rasumovsky Quartets (the)
             by Beethoven

   rat/, -ted, -ting


   ratable   use rateable

   ratafia   liqueur, biscuit, not -afie, -ifia

   ratan     use rattan

   ratany    (bot.), use rh-

   ratatouille
             vegetable stew

   ratchet/, -ed


   Ratcliff Highway
             not -e, now The Highway. See also Rad-

   Ratcliffe College
             Leicester

   rateable  not ratable

   ratepayer (one word)

   Rathaus   (Ger. n.), town hall

   ratifia   use ratafia

   ratio/    arith. relation; pl. -s

   rationale logical cause, reasoned explanation

   rationalize
             not -ise

   Ratisbon  Bavaria, use Regensburg

   ratline   (naut.), the ladder-rope on the shrouds, not -in, -ing

   rat race  (two words)

   rattan    a cane, not ratan

   rattlesnake
             (one word)

   Raumer (Friedrich Ludwig Georg von)
             1781-1873, German historian; -- (Rudolf von), 1815-76, German
             philologist

   RAVC      Royal Army Veterinary Corps

   ravel/, -led, -ling


   ravioli   (It. cook.), small squares of pasta filled with meat (not ital.)

   Rawalpindi
             Pakistan, not Rawul-

   raw sienna
             brownish-yellow pigment, not -- siena

   ray       (mus.), not re

   Ray (John),
             1627-1705, English naturalist, spelt Wray till 1670.  See also
             Rae, Reay

   Ray Bareilly
             use Rae Bareli

   Rayleigh  Essex

   Rayleigh (John William Strutt, Baron)
             1842-1919, English physicist. See also Raleigh

   raze      to destroy, to erase, not rase

   Razumovsky
             see Rasumovsky

   razzmatazz
             humbug, not the many variants

18.3 Rb...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Rb        rubidium (no point)

   RBA       Royal Society of British Artists

   RBS       Royal Society of British Sculptors

18.4 RC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RC        Red Cross, reinforced concrete, (theat.) right centre, Roman
             Catholic; -- paper (typ.), resin-coated paper (for photosetting)

   RCA       Royal College of Art

   RCC       Roman Catholic Church

   RCDS      Royal College of Defence Studies

   RCM       Royal College of Music (London)

   RCN       Royal College of Nursing

   RCO       Royal College of Organists

   RCOG      Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists

   RCP       Royal College of Physicians

   RCS       Royal College of Science, ditto Surgeons, Royal Commonwealth
             Society, Royal Corps of Signals

   RCT       Royal Corps of Transport

   RCVS      Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons

18.5 RD...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RD        Royal Dragoons, Royal Naval Reserve Decoration, Rural Dean

   R/D       refer to drawer (of a cheque)

   Rd.       road

   RDC       Royal Defence Corps, Rural District Council

   RDF       Radio Direction-Finding

   RDI       Royal Designer for Industry (Royal Society of Arts)

   RDS       Royal Drawing Society

18.6 RE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RE        Reformed Episcopal, Right Excellent, Royal Engineers, --
             Exchange, -- Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers

   Re        Reynolds number, rhenium, rupee (no point)

   re        (mus.), use ray

   Re (il)   (It.), the King (no accent)

   re        (Lat.), with regard to

   re-       (prefix), when followed by e and separately sounded, to have
             hyphen, as re-echo, re-entry. It also has a hyphen when forming
             a compound to be distinguished from a more familiar one-word
             form, as re-form (to form again), re-sign (to sign again)

   react     produce response (one word)

   re-act    to act again (hyphen)

   Read (Sir Herbert Edward)
             1893-1968, English critic

   readdress (one word)

   Reade (Charles)
             1814-84, English novelist. See also Read, Rede, Reed, Reid

   reader    (typ.), a corrector of the press; one who reports on MSS to a
             publisher (not cap.)

   Reader    a university teacher, in some universities intermediate between
             Lecturer and Professor (cap. as title)

   Reader's Digest Association Ltd.
             publishers

   readers' marks
             see proof-correction marks

   reading/-desk, -lamp, -light, -room
             (hyphens)

   readjourn, readjust, readmission, readmit, -ted, -ting
             (one word)

   read-out  (noun, in computing, hyphen)

   ready/-made, -to-wear
             (adjs., hyphens)

   reafforest/
             not reforest (one word); -ation

   reagent   (one word)

   real      former Portuguese and Brazilian coin, pl. reis; --, Spanish and
             Mexican coin, current in US (a "bit", value 12.5 cents), pl. -es

   realiz/e, -able
             not -is-

   realpolitik
             (Ger. f.), practical politics (ital., not cap.)

   real tennis
             see tennis

   realty    (law), landed property

   ream of paper
             500 (formerly also 480, 504, or 516) sheets; abbr. rm.

   reanimate, reappear, reappoint, reapprais/e, -al
             (one word)

   Rear-Admiral
             abbr. RA or Rear-Adm.  (hyphen, caps.)

   rearguard (one word)

   rearm/, -ament
             (one word)

   rearrange, reascend, reassemble, reassert/, -ed, -ing, reassur/e, -ance
             (one word)

   R‚aumur (Ren‚ Antoine Ferchault de)
             1683-1757, inventor of thermom.  scale; the scale itself, abbr.
             R.  or R‚aum. See also Raumer

   reawake   etc. (one word)

   Reay (Donald James Mackay, Baron)
             1839-1921, Scottish (Dutch-born) Governor of Bombay and first
             president of the Brit. Academy. See also Rae, Ray

   rebaptize not -ise (one word)

   rebate    to reduce, a reduction. See also rabbet

   rebec     (mus.), medieval stringed instrument, not -eck

   rebel/, -led, -ling


   rebind    to bind (a book) again, partic. rebound

   rebound   to bound, act of bounding, back (one word)

   rebus/    a puzzle; pl. -es

   rebut/, -tal, -ted, -ting


   rec.      receipt, recipe, record, -ed, -er

   R‚camier (Jeanne Fran‡oise Julie Ad‚la‹de, Madame)
             1777-1849, a leader of French society

   recap/    colloq. for recapitulate, -ped, -ping

   recast    (one word)

   recce/    slang for reconnaissance, to reconnoitre, pl. -s

   recd.     received

   recede    to withdraw (one word)

   recede    to cede back (hyphen)

   receipt   abbr. rec.

   receivable
             not -eable

   Rechabite a total abstainer (cap.)

   r‚chauff‚ (Fr. m.), a warmed-up dish, (fig.) a rehash

   recherch‚ chosen with care, far-fetched (not ital.)

   recidiv/ist
             one who relapses into crime; -ism

   recipe/   pl. -s, abbr. rec.

   r‚clame   (Fr. f.), notoriety by advertisement; (journ.) editorial
             announcement

   recogniz/ance
             a bond given to a court, not -sance; -ant, not -sant

   recognize not -ise

   recollect to remember (one word)

   re-colleet
             to collect again (hyphen)

   recommit/, -ted, -ting


   recompense
             (noun and verb)

   reconcilable
             not -eable

   reconciler
             not -or

   reconnaissance
             preliminary survey, not reconnoi- (not ital.)

   reconnoitre
             to make a preliminary survey, not -er

   record/, -ed, -er
             abbr rec.

   record-player
             (hyphen)

   recount   to narrate (one word)

   re-count  to count again, a further count (hyphen)

   recoup    to recompense, recover, make up for

   recover   to regain possession of, to revive (one word)

   re-cover  to cover again (hyphen)

   recreat/e to refresh; -ion, amusement, pastime (one word)

   re-creat/e
             to create again; -ion, -or, not -er (hyphen)

   rect.     rectified

   rectif/y, -iable, -ied, -ier, -ying


   recto/    (typ.), the right-hand page, usu. having an odd page number, 1,
             3, 5, etc.; abbr. r.  (not ital.); pl. -s

   rector/   in Ch. of England, incumbent of a parish, originally one whose
             tithes were held by the parson; in RCC head priest of church
             etc.; head of academic or relig. institution; (cap.)  elected
             representative of students on governing body of Scottish
             university; abbr. R.; adj. -ial

   rectri/x  strong tail-feather, pl.  -ces

   rect/um   (anat.), straight part of intestine, pl. -ums

   rect/us   (anat.), straight muscle, pl. -i

   re‡u      (Fr. m.), a receipt

   recueil   (Fr. m.), a literary compilation

   reculer pour mieux sauter
             (Fr.), to withdraw to await a better opportunity

   recur/, -red, -ring


   r‚dact/eur
             (Fr.), editor, fem. -rice

   r‚daction (Fr. f.), editing, editorial department

   Redakteur (Ger. m.), editor (cap.)

   Redbourn  Herts.

   Redbourne Humberside

   redbreast a robin (one word)

   redbrick  new (university) (one word)

   Redbridge Gr. London

   redd/en, -ish, -y


   Reddish   Gr. Manchester

   Redditch  Hereford & Worc.; "new town", 1964

   Redeless (Ethelred the)
             King of England 978-1016

   Rede Lecture
             Camb. Univ. See also Read, Reade, Reed, Reid

   Redemptionists
             an order of Trinitarian friars devoted to the redemption of
             Christian captives from slavery

   Redemptorists
             an order of missionaries founded in 1732 by Alfonso Liguori

   Redgauntlet
             by Sir W. Scott, 1824 (one word)

   red-handed
             (hyphen)

   redhead   (one word)

   red-hot   (hyphen)

   redivivus restored to life

   red lead  (two words)

   red-letter day
             (one hyphen)

   redoubt   mil. outwork, not -out

   redress   to remedy (one word)

   re-dress  to dress again (hyphen)

   redskin   (one word)

   red tape  excessive (use of) formalities (two words)

   reducible not -eable

   reductio ad/ absurdum
             (Lat.), disproof by reaching an obviously absurd conclusion; --
             -- impossible, ditto an impossible conclusion

   red-water cattle disease (hyphen)

   reebok    (Afrik.), an antelope, not rhe-

   re-echo   (hyphen)

   Reed (Alfred German)
             1847-95, English actor; -- (Edward Tennyson), 1860-1933, English
             caricaturist; -- (Talbot Baines), 1852-93, English writer of
             boys' books; -- (Walter), 1851-1902, US army surgeon (mosquitoes
             and yellow fever). See also Read, Reade, Rede, Reid

   re/-edit, -educate
             (hyphens)

   reef-knot (hyphen)

   Reekie (Auld)
             Old Smoky, that is, Edinburgh

   re/-elect, -election, -eligible
             -embark (not reim-), -emerge, -emergence, -enact, -enactment,
             -enforce (to enforce again), -enslave, -enter, -enthrone,
             -entrant, -entry, -establish (hyphens)

   reeve     (naut.), to thread or fasten rope, past rove. See also ruff

   re/-examine, -exchange, -exhibit, -export
             (hyphens)

   Ref.      the Reformation

   ref.      referee, reference, referred, reform/ed, -er

   Ref. Ch.  Reformed Church

   refer/, -able, ence, -red, -rer, -ring


   refer/ee, -eed
             abbr. ref.

   reference marks
             (typ.), the asterisk, dagger, double dagger, etc.; may be used
             (esp. in math.  setting) as an alternative to superior figures
             for footnote references.  (See Figure 5 in topic FRONT_4) See
             also footnotes

   references
             see authorities

   referend/um
             referring to the electorate on a particular issue; pl. -ums

   referrible
             use -erable

   refit/, -ted, -ting


   refl.     reflect/ion, -ive, reflexive

   reflectible
             use reflexible

   reflection
             not -exion; abbr. refl.; in Fr. f. r‚flexion

   reflective
             (of surfaces) giving back a reflection, abbr. refl.; (of people)
             meditative

   reflector not -er

   reflet    (Fr. m.), lustre on pottery

   reflexible
             able to be reflected, not reflect-

   reflexion use reflection

   reflexive (gram.), implying that the action is reflected upon the doer,
             abbr. refl.

   reforest/, -ation
             use reafforest/, -ation

   reform/   to improve, correct; -ation (one word)

   re-form/  to form again; -ation (hyphen)

   Reformation (the)
             (cap.); abbr. Ref.

   Reform Bills
             1832, 1867, 1884-5

   reform/ed, -er
             abbr. ref.

   refractor a type of lens or telescope

   refrangible
             that can be refracted

   refuse    to say no (one word)

   re-fuse   to fuse again (hyphen)

   Reg.      Regent, regina (queen)

   reg.      regis/ter, -trar, -try, regular, -ly

   regalia   insignia, is plural

   regd.     registered

   regenerator
             not -er

   Regensburg
             Bavaria, not Ratisbon, -berg

   Regent    abbr. Reg.

   Regent's Park/
             London (apos.); -- -- College, Oxford

   reggae    W. Indian style of music with strong subsidiary beat

   Reg.-Gen. Registrar-General

   r‚gie     governmental control of articles paying duty in Austria, France,
             Italy, Spain, and Turkey

   regime    (not ital., no accent). See also ancien regime

   regimen/  pl. -s (not ital.)

   regiment  abbr. regt. or R.

   Regina    (Lat.), queen; abbr. R. or Reg.

   regisseur ballet or theatre director (not ital.)

   register  abbr. reg.

   register  (binding), a bookmarker; (typ.) when pages back one another
             exactly, or when the separate colour printings of an
             illustration superimpose exactly, they are said to be "in
             register"

   registered
             abbr. regd.

   register marks
             (typ.), crosses used to help achieve good register

   Register Office
             off. name, not Registry --

   registrable
             not -erable

   registr/ar, -y
             abbr. reg.

   Registrar-General
             (hyphen, caps.)  abbr. Reg.-Gen.

   Registrary
             official of Cambridge University (not Registrar)

   Registry Office
             see Register Office

   regium donum
             (Lat.), a royal grant

   Regius Professor
             abbr. Reg. Prof.

   rЉgle     (Fr. f.), a rule

   Reg. Prof.
             Regius Professor

   regret/, -ful, -fully, -table, -tably, -ted, -ting


   regt.     regiment

   regul/a   (Lat.), a book of rules; pl.  -ae

   regular/, -ly
             abbr. reg.

   regulator not -er

   rehash    (noun and verb, one word)

   re-heat   (noun and verb, hyphen)

   Reich     the German State and Commonwealth (cap.); Reichs/anstalt, German
             off.  institution (1871-1945); Reichsanzeiger, German Gazette;
             -kanzler, German Chancellor; -mark, abbr. RM; -tag, German
             legislative body (1871-1933)

   Reid (Sir George)
             1841-1913, Scottish painter; -- (Capt. Thomas Mayne), 1818-83,
             British novelist; -- (Thomas), 1710-96, Scottish metaphysician;
             -- (Whitelaw), 1837-1912, US journalist and diplomat.  See also
             Read, Reade, Rede, Reed

   Reikiavik use Reykj-

   Reilly (the life of)
             use Riley

   reimbark  etc., use re-embark etc.

   reimburse to pay for loss or expense (one word)

   r‚impression
             (Fr. f.), a reprint

   Reims     d‚p. Marne, France, not Rh-

   Reine Claude
             (Fr. f.), greengage; pl. Reines --

   re infecta
             (Lat.), with the object not attained

   reinforce/
             to strengthen; -ment.  See also re-enforce

   Reinhardt (Max)
             1873-1943, German theatrical producer

   reinstate (one word)

   reis      pl. of real, a former Portuguese and Brazilian coin

   Reis Effendi
             (Turk.), title of former Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs

   rejectamenta
             (mod. Lat. pl.), wasted matter (not ital.)

   rel.      relative, -ly, religion, religious, (Fr.) reli‚ (bound), (Lat.)
             reliquiae (relics)

   relat/er  one who relates; -or (law), one who lays information before the
             Attorney-General

   relation  a relative; a narrative; the way in which one person or thing
             relates to another

   relationship
             the state or fact of being related; kinship

   relative/, -ly
             abbr. rel.

   relativity
             the state of being relative, Einstein's theory of space-time

   relativize
             not -ise

   relator   see relater

   relay     to arrange in relay(s), to pass on (one word)

   re-lay    to lay again (hyphen)

   releas/er one who releases; -or (law), one who grants a release

   re-let/   to let again; -ting (hyphen)

   relev/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, exalted, noble; (cook.) highly seasoned, not
             r‚-

   reliable  not -y-

   reli‚     (Fr. bibliog.), bound

   relief-printing
             (typ.), printing from surfaces raised to contact ink and paper

   relievo   use rilievo

   religieuse/
             (Fr. f), a nun; pl. -s

   religieux (Fr. m.), a monk; pl. same

   relig/ion, -ious
             abbr. rel.

   religionize
             not -ise

   religious/ denominations
             as Baptist, Protestant, to have caps.

   reliquiae (Lat. pl.), relics; abbr.  rel.

   rel/y, -ied, -ying


   REM       rapid eye-movement

   rem       roentgen equivalent man

   rem.      remarks

   remainder (typ.), that part of an edition which is unsaleable at its
             original price

   Remarque (Erich Maria)
             real name Kr„mer, 1898-1970, German-born US novelist

   remblai/  earth used to form rampart, pl. -s

   Rembrandt/
             (in full, -- Harmenszoon van Rijn), 1606-69, Dutch painter; adj.
             -esque

   REME      Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers

   Remembrance Sunday
             nearest to 11 Nov.

   remercЊment
             (Fr. m.), thanks, not -iement

   rem/ex    wing quill-feather; pl.  -iges

   Reminiscere Sunday
             the second in Lent

   remise    (law), to make over, not -ize

   remissible
             capable of being forgiven

   remit/, -tal, -tance, -tee, -tent, -ter


   remonstrator
             not -er

   r‚moulade or r‚molade (Fr. f.), salad-dressing, kind of sauce

   removable not -eable

   R‚musat (Charles Fran‡ois Marie, comte de)
             1797-1875, French politician and writer; -- (Jean Pierre),
             1788-1832, French Chinese scholar

   Renaissance (the)
             not -ascence (cap.)

   Renard    the fox, use Rey-

   Renault   French make of car

   rendezvous/
             sing. and pl. (one word, not ital.); as verb -es, -ed, -ing; Fr.
             rendez-vous (hyphen)

   renege    renounce, abandon, not -gue

   Renoir (Auguste)
             1841-1919, French painter; -- (Jean), 1894-1979, his son, French
             film-director

   renounceable
             not -cable

   renouncement
             use renunciation

   renovator not -er

   rent-a/-car, -crowd
             etc. (hyphens)

   rentes/   (Fr. f.), independent income, also government stocks; -- sur
             l'ђtat, interest on government loans

   rent/ier  (Fr.), fem. -iЉre, one whose income is derived from investments

   renunciation
             preferable to renouncement

   reoccup/y, -ation
             (one word)

   reometer  etc., use rhe-

   re/open, -order, -organize
             not -ise (one word)

   reorient/, -ate
             (one word); see orient

   Rep.      Representative

   rep       a fabric, not repp; colloq. for representative, (theat.)
             repertory (no point)

   rep.      report, -er, republic, -an

   rep/air, -airable
             (of material things), -aration (amends)

   reparable (of loss, etc.), that can be made good

   repartee  (the making of) witty retorts (not ital.) in Fr. f.  repartie

   rep€chage (Fr. m.), contest between runners-up

   repel/, -led, -lent, -ling, -ler


   repertoire
             (not ital.)

   repertorium
             (Lat.), a catalogue

   repetatur (Lat.), let it be repeated; abbr. repet.

   repetiteur
             (Fr. m.), one who rehearses opera singers (ital.)

   repetitorium
             (Lat.), a summary

   replaceable
             not -cable

   replica/  a copy (esp. one made by the artist); pl. -s (not ital.)

   r‚plique  (Fr. f.), a reply

   repl/y, -ies, -ier, -ying


   report/, -er
             abbr. rep., rept.

   repouss‚  (ornamental metal work) hammered from the reverse side (not
             ital.)

   repp      a fabric, use rep

   repr.     representing, reprint

   reprehensible
             open to rebuke, not -able

   representable
             not -ible

   Representative
             abbr. Rep.

   Representatives (House of)
             lower division of US Congress (caps.)

   repress/, -ible, -or
             not -er

   reprint   (typ.), a second or new impression of any printed work (only
             minor corrections); a reimpression (no corrections at all);
             printed matter taken from some other publication for
             reproduction; also printed "copy" (one word); abbr. RP or repr.
             See also edition

   reprisal  act of retaliation, not -izal

   reprise   (law) a yearly charge or deduction, (mus.) repeated passage, not
             -ize

   reprize   to prize anew

   repro.    reproduction; -- pull (typ., no point), a good proof made for
             camera use

   reproducible
             not -eable

   reproof   (noun), a rebuke

   reproof   (verb), to make waterproof again

   reprove   to rebuke

   rept.     report

   republic/, -an
             abbr. rep.

   Republican
             abbr. (US) R

   R‚publique fran‡aise
             (l.c. f) French Republic; abbr. RF

   repudiator
             not -er

   reputable respectable

   requiem/  the Mass for the dead, its mus. setting; pl. -s

   requies/cat in pace
             (Lat.), may he, or she, rest in peace, abbr. RIP, pl. -cant --
             --; -cit -- --, he, or she, rests in peace

   reredos/  ornamental screen or panelling behind altar, not the many
             variants; pl. -es

   re-route/ (hyphen); -ing

   rerun     (noun and verb, one word)

   res.      research, reserve, resid/ence, -es, resigned

   res/      (Lat.), a thing or things; -- adjudicata, a matter already
             decided; -- angusta domi, scanty means at home

   re/sale, -sell
             (one word)

   rescuable not -ueable

   research  abbr. res.

   reserve   that which is kept back, restraint, to keep back (one word);
             abbr. res.

   re-serve  to serve again (hyphen)

   Reserve (Army)
             (caps.)

   reservist not -eist

   res gestae
             (Lat. pl.), things done, matters of fact

   resid/ence, -es
             abbr. r. or res.

   residence permit
             (two words)

   residu/um pl. -a

   resigned  abbr. res.

   resin     gum from trees or synthetically produced. See also rosin

   resist/ance, -ant
             not -ence, -ent

   resist/er person; -or, thing

   res/ judicata
             (Lat.), a thing already decided; -- nihili, a nonentity

   resoluble that can be resolved (one word)

   re-soluble
             that can be dissolved again (hyphen)

   resolv/able, -er


   resonator an instrument responding to a certain frequency of vibrations

   resort    have recourse to, expedient, holiday-spot (one word)

   re-sort   to sort again (hyphen)

   resource  in Fr. f. ressource

   resp.     respondent

   respecter not -or

   Respighi (Ottorino)
             1879-1936, Italian composer

   respirator
             not -er

   respondent
             abbr. resp.

   responsible
             in Fr. responsable

   restaurateur
             restaurant-keeper, not -rant-

   rest/-cure, -day, -home
             (hyphens)

   restor/able, -er


   Restoration (the)
             (cap.)

   restrain  to check (one word)

   re-strain to strain again (hyphen)

   rest-room (hyphen)

   resum/e, -able


   r‚sum‚    a summary (not ital.)

   resurgam  (Lat.), I shall rise again

   resuscitat/e, -or


   Reszke (ђdouard de)
             1856-1917, Polish bass; -- (Jean de), 1850-1925, his brother,
             Polish tenor

   ret.      retired, returned

   retable   shelf or framed panels above back of altar

   retd.     retired, returned

   R. et I.  (Lat.), Rex et Imperator, king and emperor, Regina et
             Imperatrix, queen and empress

   retin/a   inner membrane of the eyeball; pl. (anat.) -ae, (gen.)  -as

   retired   abbr. ret. or retd.

   retraceable
             not -cable

   retractable
             not -ible

   retractor not -er

   retree    slightly defective paper

   retrial   (one word)

   retriever a dog

   retrochoir
             (archit.) (one word)

   retroflex (adj.), turned backwards (one word)

   retro-rocket
             (hyphen)

   retrouss/‚
             (Fr.), fem. -‚e, turned up

   retry     (one word)

   returned  abbr. ret. or retd.

   Reuben    (Bib.), son of Jacob

   Reubens (Peter Paul)
             use Ru-

   reunion   a social gathering; in Fr.  f. r‚union

   R‚union (Њle de)
             Indian Ocean

   re/unite, -urge, -usable, -use
             (one word)

   Reuters Ltd.
             reporting agency

   Rev.      Book of Revelation (NT), Review. See also Reverend

   rev.      revenue, reverse, revis/e, -ed, -ion, revolution, -s

   Reval     (Estonian SSR), use Tallinn

   revalorize
             to establish a new value, not -ise

   Revd      see Reverend

   r‚veil    (Fr. m.), an awaking, a morning call

   reveille  morning call to troops (no accents, not ital.)

   revel/, -led, -ler, -ling


   Revelation (Book of)
             (NT), not -ions; abbr. Rev.

   revenons … nos moutons
             (Fr.), let us return to our subject

   revenue/  abbr. rev.; -- office, -- tax (two words)

   reverberator
             not -er

   Reverend  abbr. (The) Revd; pl.  Revds; Very Revd (dean, provost, or
             former moderator), Right Revd or Rt. Revd (bishop or moderator),
             Most Revd (archbishop or Irish RC bishop); not Rev.

   rever/end deserving reverence; -ent, showing it

   reverie   day-dream, not -y

   revers    the front of a garment turned back showing the inner surface,
             pl. same

   reverse   side of a coin other than obverse (q.v.), abbr. rev.

   reversed block
             (typ.), a design in which the illustration or wording appears in
             white against a background; block whose contents are transposed
             left-to-right for offset printing

   reversible
             not -able

   r€veu/r   (Fr.), fem. -se, (day) dreamer

   Review    abbr. Rev.

   Reviews (titles of)
             (typ.), when cited, to be italic

   revise    (typ.), second or subsequent proof; abbr. rev.

   revis/e   not -ize; -able, -ing

   revis/ed, -ion
             abbr. rev.

   Revised Standard Version
             (of Bible) (caps.); abbr. RSV Revised Statutes, abbr. RS or Rev.
             Stat.

   Revised Version
             (of Bible) (caps.); abbr. RV

   reviv/er  one who revives; (law) -or, a proceeding to revive a suit

   revoir (…)
             (Fr.), to be revised. See also au revoir

   revo/ke, -cable, -cation


   Revolution (the)
             Amer. 1775-83, Chin. 1911-12, Eng. 1688-9, Fr.  1789-95, 1830,
             1848, 1870, Russ.  1905, 1917 (cap.)

   revolution/, -s
             abbr. rev., but cf.  r.p.m., r.p.s.

   revolutionize
             not -ise

   Rev. Stat.
             Revised Statutes

   revue     a theatrical entertainment (not ital.)

   Rex       (Lat.), king; abbr. R.

   Rexine    propr. term for a kind of imitation leather (cap.)

   Reykjavik Iceland, not Reiki-

   Reynard   the fox, not Ren- (cap.)

   Reynolds News
             (no apos.)

   Reynolds number
             (two words, no apos.), abbr. Re

   rez-de-chauss‚e
             (Fr. m.), ground floor (hyphens)

18.7 RF...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RF        R‚publique fran‡aise (French Republic)

   Rf        rutherfordium (no point)

   r.f.      radio frequency

   rf.       see rinforzando

   RFA       Royal Field Artillery, Royal Fleet Auxiliary

   RFC       Rugby Football Club

18.8 RGS
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RGS       Royal Geographical Society

18.9 RH...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RH        Royal Highness

   Rh        rhesus, rhodium (no point)

   r.h.      right hand

   RHA       Regional Health Authority, Road Haulage Association Ltd., Royal
             Hibernian Academy, -- Horse Artillery

   rhabdomancy
             divination by rod, not ra-

   Rhadamanth/ine
             stern, like -us (Gr.  myth.), judge of the dead

   Rhaet/ia, -ian, -ic
             (of) Austrian Tyrol, not Rae-, Rhe-

   rhaphis   use ra-

   rhapsodize
             to be enthusiastic, not -ise

   rhatany   (bot.), S. American shrub with astringent root, not rat-

   rheebok   use ree-

   Rheims    use Reims

   Rhein     (Ger. m.), the Rhine

   Rheingold (Das)
             first opera in Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen, 1869

   Rhemish   of Rheims

   Rhenish   (wine) of the Rhine

   rhenium   symbol Re

   rheology  (phys.), science of flow

   rheo/meter, -stat, -trope
             instruments for (respectively) measuring, regulating, reversing
             electric current, not reo-

   rhesus    Indian monkey; rhesus factor (in the blood), abbr. Rh-factor
             (hyphen, no point); Rh-positive, reacting to blood tests like
             rhesus monkeys; Rh-negative, not ditto

   rhet.     rhetoric

   Rhetia    use Rhae-

   RHF       Royal Highland Fusiliers

   RHG       Royal Horse Guards (the Blues)

   Rhine/    European river, in Fr. Rhin, in Ger. Rhein; -land (one word)

   rhinestone
             imitation diamond

   rhinoceros/
             pl. -es; colloq.  rhino/, pl. -s (no point)

   R.Hist.S. Royal Historical Society

   Rhode Island
             off. abbr. RI

   Rhod/es   island in Aegean Sea, and its capital; adj. -ian

   Rhodes Scholar
             (at Oxford)

   Rhodesia  Africa, UDI Nov. 1965, republic by unilateral declaration, Mar.
             1970, renamed Zimbabwe-Rhodesia 1979, Zimbabwe 1980

   rhodium   symbol Rh

   rhododendron/
             pl. -s

   rhodomontade
             use rodo-

   rhomb/us  (geom.), pl. -uses

   Rhondda   river and town, Mid Glam.

   Rh“ne     Fr. d‚p. and river, not Rhone

   RHS       Royal Historical, Horticultural, or Humane Society

   rhumba    use rumba

   rhumb-line
             (naut.), line cutting all meridians at same angle (hyphen)

   rhym/e    (noun and verb), not rime; -er (-ester is usu. derog.)

   rhythm/, -ic

18.10 RI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RI        Rhode Island (off. abbr.), Royal Institute of Painters in Water
             Colours, Royal Institution

   RI        = R. et I. (q.v.)

   RIA       Royal Irish Academy

   Rialto    Venice (cap.)

   riant     laughing, cheerful, pleasant (not ital.)

   rib/, -bed, -bing


   RIBA      Royal Institute of British Architects

   riband    see ribbon

   ribband   a light spar used in shipbuilding

   ribbon    not riband, except in sport and heraldry

   RIC       Royal Institute of Chemistry, now part of Royal Society of
             Chemistry

   Ricard/o (David)
             1772-1823, English economist; adj. -ian

   Riccio    use Rizzio

   ricercar  (mus.), type of instrumental composition

   Richelieu (Armand Jean du Plessis, duc de, Cardinal)
             1585-1642, French statesman

   Richepin (Jean)
             1849-1926, French writer

   Richter (Hans)
             1843-1916, German conductor of Wagnerian opera and the Hall‚
             Orchestra; -- (Johann Paul Friedrich), 1763-1825, German writer,
             pseud. Jean Paul; -- (Karl), 1926-81, German conductor; --
             (Sviatoslav), b. 1915, Russian pianist

   Richthofen (Baron Manfred von)
             1892-1918, German flying ace

   rick      sprain or strain, not wrick

   rickets   a bone disease

   rickettsi/a
             a micro-organism such as typhus, pl. -ae; from Howard Taylor
             Ricketts, 1871-1910, US pathologist

   rickety   shaky, not -tty

   rickrack  use ricrac

   rickshaw  light two-wheeled vehicle, orig. a shortening of the now disused
             word jinricksha, not -sha

   ricochet/ to skip or rebound (of projectile), -ed, -ing (not ital.)

   ricrac    zigzag braid trimming, not rickrack

   RICS      Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors

   rid/, -dance, -ded, -ding


   rid/e, -able, -den, -ing


   ridge/-piece, -pole, -tile, -tree
             (hyphens)

   ridgeway  (one word)

   ridgy     not -ey

   Riemann/ (Georg Friedrich Bernhard)
             1826-66, German mathematician; adj.  -ian

   Riesling  a white wine

   Rievaulx Abbey
             M. Yorks., not Riv-

   rifaciment/o
             (It.), a remaking; pl.  -i

   Riff      (The), mountainous rcgion in Morocco, not Rif

   riff-raff (hyphen)

   rifl/e, -ing


   rigadoon  lively dance, not rigaudon

   right/    (theat., from actor's point of view), abbr. R.; -- centre, abbr.
             RC

   right ascension
             (astr.), abbr. RA

   righteous

   right/-hand, -handed
             adjs.  (hyphens)

   right-hand pages
             (typ.), the recto pages, usu. with odd page numbers

   Right Reverend
             (for bishops and moderators in Presbyterian churches and Church
             of Scotland), abbr.  (The) Right Revd, Rt. Revd

   right wing
             (hyphen as adj.),

   right-winger


   Rigi      Switzerland, not -hi

   rigor     (med.), a shivering-fit (not ital.)

   rigor mortis
             (Lat.), stiffening after death (not ital.)

   rigour    severity, but rigorous

   Rigsdag   the former Danish Parliament

   Rig-Veda  Sanskrit religious book (caps., hyphen)

   RIIA      Royal Institute of International Affairs

   Riksdag   the Swedish Parliament

   Riksm†l   the literary language of Norway, now called Bokm†l

   Riley (the life of)
             slang for carefree existence, not Reilly; -- (Bridget Louise),
             b. 1931, British painter; -- (James Whitcomb), 1849-1916, US
             poet

   riliev/o  (It.), raised or embossed work, not re-; pl. -i

   Rilke (Rainer Maria)
             1875-1926, German poet

   rill      small stream

   rille     narrow valley on moon

   rim/, -med, -ming


   rim/a     (It.), verse, pl. -e

   rim/e     hoar-frost; -y. See also rhyme

   Rimsky-Korsakov (Nicholas Andreievich)
             1844-1908, Russian composer

   RINA      Royal Institution of Naval Architects

   rinderpest
             pleuro-pneumonia in cattle (one word)

   rinforz/ando, -ato
             (It. mus.), with more emphasis; abbr. rf. or rinf.

   Ring des Nibelungen (Der)
             cycle of operas by Wagner, 1869-76

   ring/leader, -master
             (one word)

   Rio de Janeiro
             Brazil, not Rio Janeiro

   Rio Grande
             river, Brazil and Mexico

   RIP       requiescat (or -ant) in pace (may he, she (or they) rest in
             peace)

   RIPA      Royal Institute of Public Administration

   R.I.P.H. & H.
             Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene

   ripien/o  (mus.), player or instrument additional to leader or soloist,
             pl. -os or -i

   Ripman (Prof. Walter)
             1869-1947, English educationist

   rippl/e, -y


   Rip Van Winkle
             by Washington Irving, 1820 (three caps.)

   ris de veau
             (Fr. cook. m.), sweetbread

   rises     abbr. r.

   risible   provoking laughter; not -able

   Risorgimento
             Italian unification movement in l9th c.

   risott/o  rice with meat and onions, etc., pl. -os

   risqu/‚   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, risky, indelicate

   rissole   fried cake of minced meat (not ital.)

   rissol‚   (Fr. cook.), well-browned

   ritardand/o
             (mus.), holding back, pl. -os; abbr. rit or ritard.

   Ritchie-Calder (Baron)
             (hyphen)

   ritenuto  (mus.), held back; abbr.  riten.

   ritornell/o
             (mus.), a short instrumental passage in a vocal work; return of
             full orchestra after a solo passage in a concerto; pl. -os

   ritualist/
             one devoted to ritual (adj. -ic); (cap. with hist.  reference)

   ritualize not -ise

   Riv.      River

   rival/, -led, -ling


   Rivaulx   use Rie-

   River     when with name to have cap., as Yellow River, River Dart; abbr.
             R. or Riv.

   river     (typ.), apparent tracks of white twisting down printed page,
             caused by bad word-spacing

   Rivera y Orbaneja (Miguel Primo de)
             1870-1930, Spanish general, dictator 1923-30

   river/-god, -mouth
             (hyphens)

   riverside (one word)

   Rivesaltes
             a French wine

   rivet/, -ed, -er, -ing


   Riviera   the coast of France and Italy from Nice to La Spezia; riviera,
             similar region elsewhere

   RiviЉre (Briton)
             1840-1920, English painter

   riviЉre   (Fr. f.), river, (of diamonds) collar

   Rivingtons, Ltd.
             publishers

   Riyadh    cap. of Nejd, and one of the federal capitals of Saudi Arabia.
             See also Mecca

   riz       (Fr. m.), rice

   Rizzio (David)
             1540-66, Italian musician, favourite of Mary Q. of Scots,
             assassinated, not Ricc-

18.11 RL...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RL        Rugby League

   RLO       Returned Letter Office (formerly Dead -- --)

   R.L.S.    Robert Louis Stevenson

   RLSS      Royal Life Saving Society

   rly.      railway

18.12 RM...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RM        Reichsmark, Resident Magistrate, Royal Mail, -- Marines

   rm.       ream, room

   RMA       Royal Military Academy (Sandhurst, formerly Woolwich)

   RMCS      Royal Military College of Science

   R.Met.S.  Royal Meteorological Society

   RMP       Royal Military Police

   RMS       Royal/ Mail Service, -- Mail Steamer, -- Microscopical Society,
             -- Society of Miniature Painters

   r.m.s.    root-mean-square

   RMSM      Royal Military School of Music

18.13 RN...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RN        Royal Navy

   Rn        radon (no point)

   RNA       ribonucleic acid

   RNC       Royal Naval College

   RNCM      Royal Northern College of Music

   RNIB      Royal National Institute for the Blind; RNID, ditto Deaf

   RNLI      Royal National Life-boat Institution

   RNR       Royal Naval Reserve

18.14 RO...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   RO        Receiving Office, -r, Relieving Officer, Returning --, Royal
             Observatory

   ro.       rood

   Road      afer name to be cap., as Fulham Road; abbr. Rd.

   road-block
             (hyphen)

   road fund licence
             (three words)

   road/-hog, -map
             (hyphens)

   road/side, -stead, -way
             (one word)

   road-works
             (hyphen)

   roadworthy
             (one word)

   roan      (bind.), a soft and flexible sheepskin, often imitating morocco

   Roanoke   Virginia, US

   roast (to rule the)
             use roost

   Robarts (Mr)
             in Trollope's Framley Parsonage

   Robbe-Grillet (Alain)
             b. 1922, French writer

   Robben Island
             S. Africa

   Robbia (Luca della)
             1399-1482, Italian sculptor. See also Della-Robbia

   Robbins Report
             1963, on Higher Education (no apos.)

   Robens (Alfred, Lord)
             b. 1910, Chairman of the National Coal Board 1961-71

   Robespierre (Maximilien Fran‡ois Marie Isidore de)
             1758-94, French revolutionary

   Robin Goodfellow
             a sprite (caps.)

   Robin Hood/
             hero of medieval legend; -- --'s Bay, a town, N.  Yorks. (apos.,
             three words)

   robin redbreast
             (two words)

   Robinson Crusoe
             by Defoe, 1719

   Rob Roy   Robert ("the Red") Macgregor, 1671-1734, Scottish outlaw (caps.,
             two words)

   ROC       Royal Observer Corps

   roc       a fabulous bird, not the many variants

   roccoco   use rococo

   Roch (St)

   Rochefoucauld
             see La --

   roches moutonn‚es
             (geol.), pl., a glaciated type of rock-surface (no ital.)

   rochet    a surplice-like linen garment, not rotch-, -ette

   Rocinante Don Quixote's steed, usu.  Anglicized as Rosinante

   Rock (the)
             Gibraltar

   Rockefeller/ (John Davison)
             1840-1937, head of family of US capitalists; -- (Nelson
             Aldrich), 1908-79, US statesman; -- Center, nexus of office
             skyscrapers, NY; -- Foundation, 1913, philanthropic; --
             Institute, 1901, for medical research, a university since 1965

   rock-garden
             (hyphen)

   Rockies (the)
             (N. Amer.), the Rocky Mountains

   "Rock of Ages"
             (caps.)

   rock-plant
             (hyphen)

   rock salmon
             (two words)

   rococo/   ornamental style of decoration in 18th-c. Europe, also in mus.;
             pl. -s, not rocc-

   rod       see perch

   Rod (ђdouard)
             1857-1910, French writer

   Rodd (James Rennell, first Baron Rennell)
             1858-1941, English diplomat and scholar

   rodeo/    pl. -s

   Roderic   d. 711, last king of the Visigoths, not -ick

   Rodin (Auguste)
             1840-1917, French sculptor

   rodomontade
             bragging talk, not rh-

   roebuck   (one word)

   roe-deer  (hyphen)

   roentgen/ former unit of ionizing radiation dose, now expressed in coulomb
             per kilogram; abbr. R; -ography, photography with x-rays;
             -ology, study of X-rays. See also R”ntgen

   ROF       Royal Ordnance Factory

   Roffen:   sig. of Bp. of Rochester (colon)

   Rogation Sunday
             that before Ascension Day

   Rogers (Bruce)
             1870-1951, US typographer, designer of Centaur type

   Roget (Peter Mark)
             1779 1869, compiled Thesaurus

   rognons   (Fr. m.), kidneys

   rogues' gallery
             not rogue's

   Rohilkhand
             Uttar Pradesh, India, not Rohilc-, -und

   Rohmer (Eric)
             b. 1920, French film-director; -- (Sax), pseud. of Arthur
             Sarsfield Ward, 1883-1959, British mystery-writer

   ROI       Royal Institute of Oil Painters

   roi fain‚ant
             (Fr.), do-nothing king

   roinek    use rooinek

   roisterer noisy reveller, not roy-

   rok       a fabulous bird, use roc

   Rokitansky (Karl, Baron von)
             1804-78, Czech-born Austrian anatomist

   role      actor's part, in Fr. m. r“le

   roll-call (hyphen)

   roller-coaster
             switchback (hyphen)

   roller-skate
             (noun and verb, hyphen)

   rolling-pin
             (hyphen)

   rollmop   (one word)

   rollock   use rowlock

   roll-on   (noun and adj., hyphen)

   Rolls-Royce
             (hyphen)

   Rўlvaag (Ole Edvart)
             1876-1931, Norw.-US novelist

   roly-poly a pudding, not the many variants

   ROM       (comp.), read-only memory

   Rom/      a male gypsy, pl. -a (cap.)

   Rom.      Roman, Romance, Romans (Epistle to the)

   rom.      roman type

   Romaic    modern Greek

   romaika   a national dance of mod.  Greece

   Romain (Jules)
             c.1499-1546, Italian architect, but use Giulio Romano

   Romains (Jules)
             1885-1972, French writer

   romaji    Roman alphabet used to transliterate Japanese

   roman     (typ.), ordinary upright letters as distinct from bold or
             italic; abbr. rom.

   Roman     Catholic/ (caps.), abbr. RC; -- Church (caps.), abbr. RCC

   roman-…-clef
             (Fr. m.), novel about real people under disguised identities,
             pl.  romans-…-clef

   Roman de la Rose
             thirteenth-cent.  French allegorical verse romance, source of
             Romaunt of the Rose, attributed to Chaucer

   Roman‚e-ContЎ
             a red burgundy wine

   Romanes   gypsy language

   Romanes lectures
             at Oxford Univ.

   Romanesque
             style of architecture between classical and Gothic

   roman-fleuve
             (Fr. m.), long novel about same characters over a period, pl.
             romans-fleuves

   Romania/, -n
             the official Romanian spelling, now preferred to the traditional
             English Roum- or Rum-

   romanize  not -ise

   roman numerals
             see numerals

   Romanov   Russian dynasty, 1613-1917, not -of, -off

   Romans (the Epistle to the);
             abbr.  Rom. (NT)

   Romansh   Rhaeto-Romanic, dial. of E.  Switzerland, not Rou-, Ru-, -ansch,
             -onsch

   Romany    a gypsy, not -ncy, -mmany (cap.)

   Romaunt of the Rose
             see Roman de la Rose

   Romeo/    a young lover, pl. -s (cap.)

   Romney (George)
             1734-1802, English painter

   Romney Marsh
             Kent

   romneya   poppy-like shrub

   Romsey    Hants

   Ronaldsay Orkney; Ronaldshay (Earl of), Marquess of Zetland's heir

   Ronaldsway Airport
             I.o.M.

   Ronda     Spain

   rondeau/  a form of poem; pl. -x

   rondel    a special form of the rondeau

   rondo/    (mus.), a movement with recurring main theme; pl. -s

   rone      a water-pipe

   Roneo/    propr. term for machine used to duplicate documents; as noun pl.
             -s; as verb roneo/, -es, -ed, -ing

   R”ntgen (Julius)
             1855-1934, Dutch composer; -- (Wilhelm Konrad von), 1845-1923,
             German physicist, discoverer of R”ntgen (or X-) rays.  See also
             roentgen

   rood      abbr. ro.

   roof/-garden, -rack, -top
             (hyphens)

   rooinek   (Afrik.), an Englishman, not roi-

   rook      (chess), abbr. R, also a bird

   Rooke (Sir George)
             1650-1709, English admiral

   room      abbr. rm.

   rooming-house
             (hyphen)

   room-mate (hyphen)

   room service
             (two words)

   Roosevelt (Franklin Delano)
             1882-1945, US President 1933-45; -- (Theodore), 1858-1919, US
             President 1901-9

   roost (to rule the)
             to dominate, not now roast

   root      to rummage, to give support, to search out. See also rout

   rop/e, -ing, -y


   rope/-dancer, -ladder, -walk
             (hyphens)

   Roquefort a Fr. cheese

   rorqual   a whale

   Rorschach test
             (psych.) (with ink-blots)

   rosaceous of the rose family

   Rosalind  in Shakespeare's As You Like It, and Spenser's Shepheardes
             Calendar

   Rosaline  in Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost, Romeo and Juliet

   rosary    (RCC) (beads for) set of devotions. See also rosery

   Roscommon Ireland

   rose      (Fr. m.), pink colour; (f.) a rose; couleur de --, roseate,
             attractive

   ros‚      (Fr. m.), pink wine

   Rosebery (Earl of)
             not -berry, -bury

   rose/-bowl, -bud, -bush
             (hyphens)

   rosella   Austral. parakeet

   Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
             in Shakespeare's Hamlet

   Rosenkranz (Johann Karl Friedrich)
             1805-79, German metaphysical philosopher

   Rosenkreuz
             see Rosicrucian

   roseola   (med.), rosy rash, German measles

   rose-red  (hyphen)

   rosery    a rose-garden. See also rosary

   rose-water
             (hyphen)

   rosewood  (one word)

   rosey     use rosy

   Rosh Hashanah
             the Jewish New Year's Day

   Rosicrucian
             (a member) of an order devoted to occult lore, founded by
             Christian Rosenkreuz, 1484

   rosin     a solid residue from turpentine distillation, used esp.  on
             strings of musical instruments.  See also resin

   Rosinante see Rocinante

   Roskilde/ Denmark; -- (Treaty of), 1658, between Denmark and Sweden

   ROSLA     raising of school-leaving age

   Roslin    Lothian

   Rosny (Joseph Henry)
             joint pseud.  of French novelist brothers Joseph Henri Bo‰x,
             1856-1940, and S‚raphin Justin Fran‡ois Bo‰x, 1859-1948

   rosoli/o  a sweet cordial of S.  Europe, pl. -os, not -oglio, -oli (not
             cap.)

   RoSPA     Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents

   Ross (Sir James Clark)
             1800-62, English Arctic explorer; -- (Sir John), 1777-1856, his
             uncle, Scottish explorer; -- (Sir Ronald), 1857-1932, English
             physician (malaria-mosquito)

   Rosse (Earl of)


   Rossetti (Christina Georgina)
             1830-94, English poet; -- (Dante Gabriel), 1828-82, her brother,
             English painter and poet; -- (Gabriele), 1783-1854, Italian poet
             and liberal, father of the other three; -- (William Michael),
             1829-1919, his son, English author and critic

   Rosslyn (Earl of).
             See also Roslin

   Ross-shire
             (hyphen); now the district of Ross and Cromarty

   Rostand (Edmond)
             1868-1918, French playwright

   roster    a list of persons, showing rotation of duties

   Rostropovich (Mstislav)
             b. 1927, Russian cellist and conductor

   rostr/um  speaker's platform, pl. -a (not ital.)

   ros/y     not -ey; -ily

   rot/, -ted, -ting


   rota/     a roster; pl. -s

   Rotarian  a member of a Rotary Club (cap.)

   rotary    revolving, not rotatory; (typ.) printing machine in which the
             plate(s) are mounted on a cylinder

   Rotary Club
             a branch of the world-wide Rotary Movement, aiming at service to
             humanity (caps.)

   rotator   a revolving part, (anat.) a muscle that rotates a limb

   rotatory  use rotary

   Rotavator propr. term for a rotary cultivator (cap.)

   rotchet   garment, use rochet

   rote      mechanical memory or performance

   Rothamsted
             Herts., agric. station for soil research

   Rothe (Richard)
             1799-1867, German theologian

   Rothes    Grampian; -- (Earl of)

   Rothschild
             European family of bankers

   r“ti      (Fr. m.), roast meat

   rotifer/  minute aquatic animal, pl.  -s; Rotifera, phylum containing them

   rotogravure
             (typ.), printing from photogravure cylinders on a web-fed rotary
             press

   rotor     (mech.), a revolving part

   rotten-stone
             decomposed siliceous limestone (hyphen)

   Rottingdean
             E. Sussex (one word)

   Rottweiler
             breed of tall black dog

   rotund/a  a domed circular building or hall, pl. -as

   roturi/er (Fr.), fem. -Љre, of low birth

   Rouault (Georges)
             1871-1958, French painter

   Roubiliac (Louis Fran‡ois)
             1695-1762, French sculptor, not -lliac

   rouble    Russian coin and monetary unit, not ru-; abbr. r.

   rouche    use ruche

   rou‚      a debauchee (not ital.)

   Rouge/Croix, -- Dragon
             pursuivants

   rouge-et-noir
             a game of chance (hyphens, not ital.)

   Rouget de l'Isle (Claude Joseph)
             1760-1836, composer of La Marseillaise

   rough     trump, use ruff

   rough-and/-ready, -tumble
             (hyphens)

   roughcast (one word)

   rough/dry, -hew
             (hyphens)

   rough house
             (hyphen as verb)

   roughneck (one word)

   rough pull
             (typ.), proof pulled by hand on inferior paper for correction
             purposes

   rough-rider
             (hyphen)

   roughshod (one word)

   roulade   (mus.), a florid passage (not ital.)

   rouleau/  a roll of money; pl. -x (not ital.)

   Roumania/, -n
             use Romania/, -n, q.v.

   Roumansh  use Rom-

   Roumelia/, -n
             use Rum-

   round about
             (adv. and prep., two words), but roundabout (noun and adj., one
             word)

   round-house
             (hyphen)

   rounding  (bind.), shaping back of book into a convex curve

   round robin
             a petition (two words)

   roundworm (one word)

   Rousseau (Henri)
             1844-1910, French painter, called Le Douanier; -- (Jean
             Baptiste), 1670-1741, French poet; -- (Jean Jacques), 1712-72,
             Geneva-born Frepch philosopher; -- (Pierre ђtienne Th‚odore),
             1812-67, French painter

   Roussillon
             Fr. province, a red wine

   rout      (verb), to put to flight; (noun) a rabble, a disorderly retreat.
             See also root

   route/    to send by a particular route, -ing

   Routledge & Kegan Paul, Ltd.
             publishers

   roux      (cook.), mixture of fat and flour

   rowlock   (naut.), not roll-, rull-

   Roxburgh  Borders

   Roxburghe Club
             exclusive club for bibliophiles

   Roxburghe (Duke of)


   Royal/    (cap.), abbr. R.; -- Academ/y, -- -ician, -- Artillery, abbr.
             RA; -- Highness, RH

   royal     former size of paper, 20 x 25 in.; -- 4to, 12.5 x 10 in., --
             8vo, 10 x 6.25 in. (untrimmed). See also book sizes

   Royal Society
             abbr. RS

   Royal/ Welch Fusiliers, -- Welch Regiment (but Welsh Guards)


   roysterer use roi-

18.15 RP...
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   RP        read for press, received pronunciation, Reformed Presbyterian,
             reply paid, reprint, (Fr.) R‚v‚rend PЉre (Reverend Father),
             Royal Society of Portrait Painters

   RPC       Royal Pioneer Corps

   RPE       Reformed Protestant Episcopal

   RPI       retail price index

   RPM       resale price maintenance

   r.p.m.    revolutions per minute. In scientific and technical work rev/min
             (no points) is preferred

   RPO       Royal Philharmonic Orchestra

   r.p.s.    revolutions per second. See also r.p.m.

   RPS       Royal Philharmonic Society, Royal Photographic Society

18.16 RQMS
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   RQMS      Regimental Quartermaster-Sergeant

18.17 RRC...
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   RRC       (Lady of the) Royal Red Cross

   RRE       Royal Radar Establishment, now RSRE

18.18 RS...
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   RS        Revised Statutes, Royal Scots, Royal Society

   Rs        rupees

   r.s.      right side

   RSA       Royal Scottish Academ/y, -ician, Royal Society of Arts

   RSAA      Royal Society for Asian Affairs

   RSC       Royal Shakespeare Company, Royal Society of Chemistry

   RSD       Royal Society of Dublin

   RSE       Royal Society of Edinburgh

   RSFSR     Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, one (and by far
             the largest) of the republics forming the Union of Soviet
             Socialist Republics (USSR, q.v.)

   RSH       Royal Society of Health

   R. Signals
             Royal Corps of Signals

   RSL       Royal Society of Literature

   RSM       Regimental Sergeant-Major, Royal School of Mines, Royal Society
             of Medicine, Royal Society of Musicians of Great Britain

   RSMA      Royal Society of Marine Artists

   RSO       railway sub-office, -- sorting office

   RSPB      Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

   RSPCA     Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

   RSRE      Royal Signals and Radar Establishment

   RSV       Revised Standard Version (of Bible)

   RSVP      r‚pondez, s'il vous plaЊt (please reply) (not to be used in
             writings in the third person)

18.19 RT...
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   RT        radio-telegraphy, radio-telephony, received text

   rt.       right

   Rt. Hon.  Right Honourable

   RTO       Railway Transport Officer

   RTR       Royal Tank Regiment

   Rt. Revd  Right Reverend (of a bishop or moderator)

   RTS       Royal Toxophilite Society

   RTYC      Royal Thames Yacht Club

18.20 RU...
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   RU        Rugby Union

   Ru        ruthenium (no point)

   Ruanda    use Rwanda

   rub-a-dub/
             make sound of drum, -bed, -bing (hyphens)

   Rub iy t of Omar Khayyam;
             in Persian poetry

   Rub 'iy t pl., are four-lined stanzas

   rubat/o   (mus.), (performed at) tempo varied for expressive effect, pl.
             -os

   rubber stamp
             (hyphen as verb)

   rubef/y   to make red, not -ify; -acient, -action

   rubella   (med.), German measles

   Rubens (Peter Paul)
             1577-1640, Flemish painter, not Reu-

   rubeola   (med.), measles

   Rubicon (to cross the)
             to take an irretraceable step (cap.); rubicon (noun and verb, in
             piquet, not cap.)

   rubidium  symbol Rb

   Rubinstein (Anton Gregor)
             1829-94, Russian composer and pianist; -- (Artur), 1886-1982,
             Polish pianist

   ruble     use rouble

   rubric    instruction in liturgical book, orig. printed in red; special
             passage or heading

   ruby      (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 5.5 pt.

   ruc, -ck, -kh,
             a fabulous bird, use roc

   RUC       Royal Ulster Constabulary

   ruch/e    a quilling or frilling, -ing, not rou-

   rudd      a fish, not rod

   Rudesheimer
             a Rhine wine

   rue       to regret; rueful, ruing

   RUE       (theat.), right upper entrance

   ruff      a bird, fem. reeve; a fish (not ruffe); a frill worn round the
             neck; (cards) to trump, a trumping

   ruga/     (Lat.), a wrinkle; pl. -ae

   Rugbeian  member of Rugby School

   Rugby football
             (one cap.), colloq.  rugger (not cap.)

   Ruhmkorff/ (Heinrich Daniel)
             1803-77, German electrician; -- coil

   RUKBA     Royal United Kingdom Beneficent Association

   "Rule, Britannia!"
             (comma)

   rullock   use rowlock

   Rumania/, -n
             use Romania/, -a, q.v.

   Rumansh   use Rom-

   rumba     not rhumba

   rumb-line use rh-

   Rumelia/  an area of the Balkans, mainly in Bulgaria; -n; not Rou-

   rumen/    ruminant's first stomach, pl. -s

   rumin/ant an animal that chews the cud; -ator, one who ponders, not -er

   Rumpelstiltskin
             a dwarf in German folklore

   run       (naut.), deserted; abbr. R.

   runabout  small light vehicle (one word)

   runaway   (noun and adj., one word)

   Runeberg (John Ludwig)
             1804-77, Finnish poet

   running/ headline
             or -- title (typ.), see headlines

   Runnymede meadow on R. Thames where King John signed Magna Charta, 1215

   runoff    (noun, one word)

   run/ on   (typ.), continued operation of press subsequent to first (or
             stated amount of) copy; (matter) to be set without break or
             paragraph; -- round, set text etc. round three or more sides of
             block etc.

   runway    (one word)

   rupee     abbr. Re, pl. Rs

   Rupert's Land (Bp. of)
             Canada

   ruralize  not -ise

   RUSI      Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies

   rus in urbe
             (Lat.), the country within a town

   Russ.     Russia, -n

   Russel (Alexander)
             1814-76, editor of the Scotsman

   Russell cord
             a ribbed fabric (two words)

   Russell (Bertrand Arthur William, Earl)
             1872-1970, English philosopher and mathematician; -- (Baron, of
             Liverpool); also family name of Duke of Bedford and Barons
             Ampthill and De Clifford; -- (George), see A.E.; -- (Jack),
             breed of dog

   Russia/, -n
             abbr. Russ.; (typ.) 36 letters, of which 4 were abolished in the
             New Orthography of 1918; for details see Hart's Rules, p. 120

   rut/, -ted, -ting, -ty


   Ruth      not to be abbr.

   ruthenium symbol Ru

   Rutherford (Ernest, Baron)
             1871-1937, New Zealand scientist; -- (Mark), 1831-1913, pseud.
             of William Hale White, English writer

   rutherfordium
             symbol Rf

   Ruthven (Baron)


   Ruwenzori mountain, Uganda and Za‹re

   Ruy Lopez chess opening

   Ruysbroeck (Jan van)
             1293-1387, Flemish mystic

   Ruysdael (Jakob van)
             1628-82, and -- (Salomon van), 1600-70, Dutch painters

18.21 RV
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   RV        Revised Version (of Bible)

18.22 RW...
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   RW        right Worshipful, -- Worthy

   Rwanda/   Cent. Africa, indep. 1962, not Ruanda; adj. -n

   RWF       Royal Welch Fusiliers

   RWS       Royal Society of Painters in Water Colours

18.23 Rx.
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   Rx.       tens of rupees

18.24 Ry....
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   Ry.       railway

   RYA       Royal Yachting Association

   Rye House Plot
             1682-3 (no hyphens, three caps.)

   RYS       Royal Yacht Squadron (a club)

   Ryukyu Islands
             Japan, not the many variants

   Ryun (Jim)
             b. 1948, US runner

19.0 S
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19.1 S...
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   S         siemens, sulphur, (on timepiece regulator) slow, the eighteenth
             in a series

   S.        Sabbath, Saint, school, series, Signor, Socialist, Society,
             soprano, south, -ern, sun, Sunday, surplus, (Fr.) saint (saint),
             (Ger.) Seite (page), (Lat.)  sepultus (buried), socius or
             sodalis (Fellow)

   s.        second, -s (of time or angle) (no point in scientific and
             technical work), section, see, sets, shilling, -s, sign, -ed,
             singular, (meteor.) snow, solo, son, spherical, stem, (meteor.)
             stratus cloud, substantive, succeeded, (Fr.) siЉcle (century),
             sud (south), (Ger.) siehe (see), (Lat.) semi (half), (It.)
             sinistra (left)

   s/        (Fr.), sur (on), e.g. Boulogne s/M = Boulogne-sur-mer

   's        abbr. for Du. des (of the), as 's-Gravenhage (The Hague) $ or
             the dollar mark; to be before, and close up to, the numerals

19.2 SA...
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   SA        the Salvation Army, sex appeal, South Africa, South America,
             South Australia, (Fr.) Soci‚t‚ Anonyme (Co.), (Ger.)
             Sturm-Abteilung (Nazi storm-troops)

   sa.       sable

   s.a.      sine anno (without date)

   Saar/     river and region, -land, province, W. Germany (one word)

   Sabaean   of ancient Yemen

   Sabah     part of Malaysia

   Sabaism   star-worship in anc. Arabia and Mesopotamia (cap.)

   Sabaoth (Lord (God) of)
             (Scrip.), Lord of Hosts (cap.). See also sabbath

   Sabatini (Rafael)
             1875-1950, Anglo-Italian author

   Sabbatarian/, -ism
             (caps.)

   sabbath/ (day)
             (not cap.); -- day's journey (Heb.), about two thirds of a mile.
             See also Sabaoth

   Sabian    member of a sect mentioned in the Koran

   Sabine    of an anc. Italian tribe

   sable     (her.), black

   sabra     native-born Israeli (not cap.)

   sabretache
             bag for cavalry, not -tash, -tasche

   sabre-toothed lion, sabre-toothed tiger
             (one hyphen)

   SAC       Senior Aircraftman

   sac       (med. and biol.), a baglike cavity

   saccharimeter
             instrument for measuring sugar content by means of polarized
             light, not -ometer

   saccharin sugar-substitute

   saccharine
             (adj.), sugary

   saccharometer
             instrument for measuring sugar content by hydrometry, not
             -imeter

   Sacheverell (Henry)
             ?1674-1724, English ecclesiastic and politician

   Sachs     (Hans), 1494-1576, German poet; -- (Julius), 1832-97, German
             botanist. See also Sax, Saxe

   Sachsen   Ger. for Saxony

   sackbut   medieval trombone

   sackcloth (one word)

   sack-race (hyphen)

   Sackville-West (Victoria Mary)
             1892-1962, English author

   sacr/‚    (Fr.) fem. -‚e, sacred

   sacrileg/e, -ious
             not sacre-, -ligious

   SACW      Senior Aircraftwoman

   saddle/-bag, -cloth, -horse
             (hyphens)

   saddle-stitch
             (bind.), stitching through the back of all pages of a pamphlet
             etc. placed open on a saddle-shaped support

   sadhu     Indian holy man

   sadism    a sexual perversion marked by love of cruelty, from Donatien
             Alphonse Fran‡ois, "marquis" de Sade, 1740-1814, French soldier
             and writer

   Sadleir (Michael)
             1888-1957, English author and publisher, son of following

   Sadler (Sir Michael Ernest)
             1861-1943, English educationist

   sado-masochism
             (hyphen)

   s.a.e.    stamped addressed envelope

   safari/   hunting expedition, pl. -s

   safe/ conduct, deposit
             (hyphen when attrib.)

   safety/-belt, -catch
             (hyphens)

   safety/ curtain, -- film, -- lamp, -- match, -- net, -- razor
             (two words)

   safety/-pin, -valve
             (hyphens)

   Saffron Walden
             Essex (no hyphen)

   S. Afr.   South Africa, -n

   saga/     Norse (spec. Icelandic) prose narrative; hence any long or
             heroic story; pl. -s

   sagesse   (Fr. f.), wisdom

   Saghalien Island
             use sakhalin

   sago/     palm or starch produced from it, pl. -s

   sahib     (Ind.), European master, gentleman; (cap.) an honorific affix,
             as Smith Sahib; fem.  memsahib; pukka sahib, perfect gentleman

   Saidpur   India, not Sayyid-

   saignant/ fem. -e (Fr. cook.), underdone

   Saigon    Vietnam, now Ho Chi Minh City

   sailcloth (one word)

   sailed    abbr. sld.

   sail/er   ship of specified power; -or, seaman

   sailing/-boat, -ship
             (hyphens)

   Sailors' Home
             not -'s

   sailplane (one word)

   sainfoin  (bot.), a leguminous fodder-plant, not saint-

   Saint     abbr. S. or St, pl. SS or Sts; in alphabetic arrangement always
             place under Saint, not under St-. In Fr. small s and space after
             if relating to the person of a saint, as saint Jean, but cap. S
             and hyphen if relating to the name of a place or person or
             saint's day: as Saint-ђtienne, Sainte-Beuve, la
             Saint-Barth‚lemy. In Fr.  abbr. S., fem.  Ste, for the persons
             of Saints; St-, fem. Ste-, in names of places, of persons other
             than saints, or of saints' days. In Ger.  Sankt, abbr. St. In
             It. & Sp. San, Santo, Santa, according to gender and form of
             name; similarly in Port. Santa

   St Abbs   but St Abb's Head, Borders; St Albans, Herts. (no apos.); St
             Albans (Bp. and Duke of); St Albans:, sig. of the Bp. (colon);
             St Alban's Head, Dorset (apos.); St Aldwyn (Earl); St Andrew's
             Day, 30 Nov.; St Andrews, Dunkeld, and Dunblane (Bp. of); St
             Andrews (University), Fife (no apos.); St Anne's College,
             Oxford; St Anne's Day, 26 July; St Anne's on Sea, Lancs. (no
             hyphens, apos.); St Anthony's fire, erysipelas; St Antony's
             College, Oxford; St Arvans, Gwent (no apos.); St Aubin, Jersey,
             not n's; St Barnabas's Day, 11 June; St Bartholomew's Day, see
             Bartholomew Day, 24 Aug.; St Bees (Head, School) (St Begha's),
             Cumbria (no apos.); St Benet's Hall, Oxford; St Bernard (dog or
             Pass); St Boswells, Borders (no apos.); St Catharine's College,
             Cambridge; St Catherine's College, formerly Society, Oxford; St
             Clears, Dyfed (no apos.); St Clement's Day, 23 Nov.; St
             Crispin's Day, 25 Oct.; St Cross Church and College, Oxford; St
             Davids (Head), Dyfed, and Viscount St Davids (no apos.); St
             David's Day, 1 Mar.; St Denis's Day, 9 Oct.; St Dunstan's Day,
             19 May; St Edm. and Ipswich, sig. of present Bp. of St
             Edmundsbury and Ipswich; St Edmund Hall, Oxford; St Edmund's
             House, Cambridge; St Elmo's fire, an electric discharge; Saint
             ђmilion, a claret; Saint ђstЉphe, a claret; Saint ђtienne, d‚p.
             Loire, France; Saint-Exup‚ry (Antoine Jean Baptiste Marie Roger
             de), 1900-44, French aviator and writer; St Fillans, Tayside (no
             apos.); Saint- Gall or St Gallen, Switz.; St George's Channel
             (apos.); St George's Day, 23 Apr.; St Germans (Bishop and Earl
             of); St Giles', Oxford street; St Gotthard, Switz., not Goth-;
             St Gregory's Day, 12 Mar.; St Helens, Cumbria, IW, Merseyside,
             and Baron St Helens (no apos.); St Ive, Corn.; St Ives, Cambs.,
             Corn., Dorset (no apos.); St James's, the British court; St
             James's Day, 25 July; St James's Palace, Park, Square, Street,
             London; St John, as proper name pron. sinjun (with stress on
             first syllable); Saint John, New Brunswick; St John Ambulance
             Association, Brigade, not John's; St John's, Antigua,
             Newfoundland, Quebec; St John's College, Oxford, Cambridge,
             Durham; St John the Baptist's Day, 24 June; St John the
             Evangelist's Day, 27 Dec.; St John's Wood, London; St John's
             wort, hypericum; Saint-Julien, a claret; St Just, Cornwall, and
             Baron St Just; St-Just-in-Roseland, Cornwall (hyphens);
             Saint-Just (Louis Antoine L‚on de), 1767-94, French
             revolutionary; St Kitts (no apos.), St Christopher Island, WI;
             St Lambert's Day, 17 Sept.; St Lawrence River, Canada; St
             Lawrence's Day, 10 Aug.; St Leger, a race; as surname pron.
             sillinger or sentlejer (with stress on first syllable); St
             Leonards, Bucks., Dorset, Lothian, Strathclyde, and Baron St
             Leonards (no apos.); St Leonards-on-Sea, E. Sussex (hyphens, no
             apos.); St Lucia, WI, indep. 1979; St Luke's Day, 18 Oct.; St
             Luke's summer, mid-Oct.; St Margaret's at Cliffe, Kent; St
             Margaret's Day, 20 July; St Mark's Day, 25 Apr.; St
             Martin-in-the- Fields, London church, not Martin's (hyphens); St
             Martin's Day, 11 Nov.; St Martin's summer, mid-Nov.; St Mary
             Abbots, Kensington (no apos.); St Mary Church, S. Glam.  (three
             words); St Marychurch, Devon (two words); St Mary Cray, London
             (no 's); St Matthew's Day, 21 Sept.; St Matthias's Day, 24 Feb.
             (s's); St Mawes, Corn.; St Michael and All Angels' Day, 29
             Sept.; St Michael's Mount, Corn.; Mont-Saint- Michel, Fr.
             (hyphens); St Neot, Corn.; St Neots, Cambs. (no apos.); St
             Nicholas, patron of Russia, town in Belgium; St Nicholas's
             clerks, thieves; St Olaf, patron of Norway; St Patrick's Day, 17
             Mar.; St Paul, Minn.; St Paul de Loanda, W. Africa, use Luanda;
             St Paul's, London; St Paul's Cray, London; St Paul's Day, 25
             Jan.; St Peter Port, Guernsey, not Peter's; St Peter's, Rome; St
             Peter's Day, 29 June; St Petersburg (Petrograd), now Leningrad;
             St Philip and St James's Day, 1 May; Saint-Pierre, a claret;
             Saint-Pierre (Jacques Henri Bernardin de), 1737-1814, French
             author; Saint-Sa‰ns (Charles Camille), 1835-1921, French
             composer; St Sepulchre (Church of); Saint-Simon (Claude Henri de
             Rouvroy, comte de), 1760-1825, founder of French socialism,
             whence Saint-Simonism, a form of socialism; Saint-Simon (Louis
             de Rouvroy, duc de), 1675-1755, French diplomat and writer; St
             Simon and St Jude's Day, 28 Oct.; St Stephen, Corn.; St
             Stephen's, the Houses of Parliament; St Stephen's Day, 26 Dec.;
             St Swithun, see Swithun; St Thomas's Day, 21 Dec.; St
             Valentine's Day, 14 Feb.; St Vitus's dance, chorea (s's)

   Sainte-Beuve (Charles Augustin)
             1804-69, French literary critic

   Sainte-Claire Deville (Henri ђtienne)
             1818-81, French chemist (one hyphen)

   saintfoin use sainfoin

   saintpaulia
             Alfrican violet

   Saintsbury (George Edward Bateman)
             1845-1933, English literary critic

   Sakandarabad
             Hyderahad, India, use Secunder-; Uttar Pradesh, India, use
             Sikandarabad

   sake      a Japanese fermented liquor, not -k‚, -ki

   Sakhalin  island, E. Asia, not now Saghalien, Karafuto

   Sakharov (Andrei Dimitrievich)
             b.  1921, Russian physicist and dissident

   saki/     a S. American monkey, pl. -s

   Saki      pseud. of Hector Hugh Munro, 1870-1916, English writer

   salaam    oriental salutation, not -lam (not ital.)

   salable   use sale-

   salad days
             (two words)

   salad/-dressing, -oil
             (hyphens)

   salade    (Fr. f.), salad

   salami/   pl. -s, Anglicized form of It. salam/e, pl. -i, a highly
             seasoned sausage

   Salammb“  by Flaubert, 1862

   salariat  the salaried class, not -ate

   saleable  not salable

   Salem     Madras; Mass. (US); a Nonconformist chapel

   Salempur  Uttar Pradesh, India

   Salesian  (member) of an order founded by Don Bosco in honour of St
             Francis de Sales

   Salic law allegedly limiting succession to certain lands among the Salian
             Franks to males, not -ique

   salicylic acid


   Salinger (Jerome David)
             b. 1919, US novelist

   salle/    (Fr. f.), hall; -- … manger, dining-room; -- d'attente,
             waiting-room

   sallenders
             dry eruption on horse's hind leg, not sellanders

   Sallust   (in Lat. Gaius Sallustius Crispus), 86-?34 BC, Roman historian;
             abbr. Sall.

   Sally Lunn
             a teacake (caps., two words)

   salmagundi
             a medley; also a seasoned dish

   salmi     a ragout, esp. of game; in Fr. m. salmis

   salmon trout
             (two words)

   salon     (Fr.), reception-room, room where hairdresser etc. receives
             clients, (cap.) annual exhibition of living artists' pictures
             (not ital.)

   Salonika  Greece

   Salop     now Shropshire

   Salp€triЉre (La)
             hospital for the aged or insane, Paris

   salpicon  (Sp. m.), cold minced meat, not -‡on

   salsify   (bot.), purple goat's-beard, not -afy

   SALT      Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

   saltarello/
             It. and Sp. dance, pl.  -s

   salt-cellar
             (hyphen)

   salt lake (two words)

   Salt Lake City
             Utah, US (caps., three words)

   salt-mine (hyphen)

   Saltoun (Baron)


   saltpetre not -peter (one word)

   saltus    (Lat.), a jump; pl. same

   salt water
             (hyphen when attrib.)

   saluki    Arabian gazelle-hound

   salutary  beneficial, not -ory

   salutatory
             welcoming, not -ary

   Salvador/ properly El Salvador, rep. of Cent. America; adj. -ean

   salvage   rescue of, to rescue, ship or contents from shipwreck, goods
             from fire, etc.; the property salvaged or the payment made

   salver    a tray. See also salvor

   salvo/    simultaneous discharge of guns, bombs, cheers, pl. -es;
             reservation, excuse, pl. -s

   salvo jure
             (Lat.), reserving the right

   sal volatile
             ammonium carbonate, smelling-salts

   salvor    one who salvages. See also salver

   Salzkammergut
             Austria

   SAM       surface-to-air missile

   Sam.      Samaritan

   Sam. (1, 2)
             Samuel, First, Second Book of (OT)

   samarium  symbol Sm

   Samarkand Uzbekistan, USSR, not -cand, -quand

   sambo/    half-breed esp. of Negro and Indian or European blood, (cap.,
             derog.) a Negro, pl. -s

   sambok    (Afrik.), use sjambok

   Sam Browne (belt)
             officer's, with shoulder strap

   S. Amer.  South America, -n

   samizdat  secret publication of banned matter

   Samoyed   a Mongolian of NW Siberia, a breed of dog, not -oied, -oide,
             -oyede

   sampan    Chinese boat, not san-

   Sampson (Dominie)
             in Scott's Guy Mannering

   Samuel, First, Second Book of (OT)
             abbr. 1 Sam., 2 Sam.

   samurai   Japanese mil. class (sing.  and pl.)

   Sana'a    N. Yemen

   sanatorium/
             not sanitarium; pl. -s

   sanatory  healing. See also sanitary

   sanbenito/
             penitential garment, pl.  -s

   Sancho Panza
             Don Quixote's squire

   Sancho-Pedro
             card-game (caps., hyphen)

   sanctum/  a retreat, pl. -s; -- sanctorum (Lat.), holy of holies in Jewish
             temple, a special retreat, pl. sancta sanctorum (not ital.)

   Sand (George, not Georges)
             pseud.  of Madame Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin, baronne
             Dudevant, 1804-76, French novelist

   sandal/, -led


   sandarac  realgar, resin, not -ach

   Sandars Reader
             Camb.

   sand/bag, -bank
             (one word)

   sand-blast
             (noun and verb, hyphen)

   Sandburg (Carl)
             1878-1967, US poet

   sand-castle
             (hyphen)

   sandhi    (gram.), change in form of word due to its position

   sand/paper, -piper
             (bird) (one word)

   sand-pit  (hyphen)

   sand/stone, -storm
             (one word)

   sandwich-board
             (hyphen)

   sandwich course
             (two words)

   sang-de-boeuf
             (Fr. m.), a deep-red colour

   sang-froid
             composure (hyphen, not ital.)

   sangria   Spanish drink (ital.)

   Sanhedrin supreme council in anc. Jerusalem, not -im

   sanitarium
             use sanatorium

   sanitary  healthy, not -ory. See also sanatory

   sanitize  not -ise

   Sankt     (Ger.), saint; abbr. St.

   sannup    (Amer.-Ind.), husband of a squaw, not -op

   sannyasi  Hindu religious mendicant

   sanpan    use sam-

   sans      (Fr.), without

   San Salvador
             cap. of El Salvador

   sans/ appel
             (Fr.), without appeal; -- c‚r‚monie, informally; -- changer,
             without changing

   Sanscrit  use Sansk-

   sansculott/e
             in Fr. Rev., a man of the lower classes; a strong republican or
             revolutionary, pl.  -es; -erie, -ism, -ist (one word); in Fr. m.
             sans-culott/e (hyphen), -isme

   sans doute
             (Fr.), no doubt

   sanserif  (typ.), any typeface without serifs, not sans serif

   Sansevieria
             (bot.), a genus of lily

   sans/ fa‡on
             (Fr.), informally; -- faute, without fail; -- g€ne, free and
             easy (hyphen if used as a noun)

   Sanskrit  not -crit, abbr. Skt.; (typ.) printed in Devanagari alphabet
             with some 50 letters and various added vowel-marks; many
             ligatures exist

   sans/ pareil
             (Fr.), unequalled; -- peine, without difficulty; -- peur et sans
             reproche, fearless and blameless; -- phrase, without
             circumlocution

   sans serif
             (typ.), use sanserif

   Sanssouci palace of Frederick II at Potsdam (one word)

   sans/ souci
             (Fr.), without cares; -- tache, stainless

   Santa     (It., Sp., Port.), female saint; abbr. Sta

   Santa Claus
             not Kl-

   Santa Fe  NM, US, and Argentina (no accent)

   Santander N. Spain (one word)

   Santayana (George)
             1863-1952, Spanish-born US philosopher

   Santenot  a burgundy wine

   Santo Domingo
             former name of the Dominican Republic, WI; name of its capital,
             formerly Ciudad Trujillo

   Santos-Dumont (Alberto)
             1873-1932, Brazilian aeronaut

   Sa“ne/    French river; Haute---, d‚p. (hyphen); ---et-Loire, d‚p., abbr.
             S.-et-L.  (hyphens)

   Sapho     novel by Daudet, opera by Gounod, 1851

   Sapper    abbr. Spr.

   Sapph/o   c. 600 BC, Greek poetess of Lesbos; adj. -ic, but sapphic/
             metre, -- verse (not cap.); sapphics, verse in sapphic stanzas;
             Sapphism, homosexual relations between women

   Sar.      Sardinia, -n

   saraband  stately Sp. dance, music for this, not -bande

   Saragossa Spain; in Sp. Zaragoza

   sarai     use serai

   Sarajevo  Yugoslavia, not Se-

   sarape    use serape

   Sarawak   part of Malaysia

   sarcenet  use sars-

   sarcom/a  (path.), a tumour; pl.  -ata

   sarcophag/us
             stone coffin; pl.  -i

   Sardinia  in It. Sardegna; abbr. Sar.

   Sardou (Victorien)
             1831-1908, French playwright

   saree     use sari

   sargasso/ seaweed, pl. -s

   Sargent (John Singer)
             1856-1925, US painter; -- (Sir Harold Malcolm Watts), 1895-1967,
             English conductor

   sari      Indian female garment, not -ee

   SARL      (Fr.), soci‚t‚ … responsabilit‚ limit‚e (Co. Ltd.)

   sarong    a Malay or Javanese long garment for man or woman

   sarsaparilla
             (med.) dried root of a tropical American smilax

   sarsenet  a fabric, not sarc-

   Sartor Resartus
             "the tailor re-tailored", by Carlyle, 1833-4

   Sartre (Jean Paul)
             1905-80, French philosopher

   Sarum:    sig. of Bp. of Salisbury (colon)

   SAS       Special Air Service

   SASC      Small Arms School Corps

   sash/-cord, -window
             (hyphens)

   Saskatchewan
             Canada; abbr.  Sask.

   sassafras (bot. and med.), N.  American tree; an infusion from its bark,
             not sasse-

   Sassan/ian, -id
             (member) of Persian dynasty ruling AD 211-651, not Sasa-

   Sat.      Saturday

   Satan     (cap.)

   satanic   devilish (not cap. unless directly referring to Satan)

   SATB      (mus.), soprano, alto, tenor, bass

   sateen    a shiny fabric, not satt-

   sati      use suttee

   satinet   a thin satin, not -ette

   satire    literary work holding up folly or vice to ridicule. See also
             satyr

   satirize  not -ise

   satrap/   anc. Persian viceroy; -y, his province or office

   sat sapienti
             (Lat.), sufficient for a wise man

   satsuma   kind of orange, (cap.)  Japanese pottery

   satteen   use sateen

   Saturday  abbr. Sat.

   Saturnalia
             (Lat. pl.), anc. Rom.  orgiastic festival of Saturn; (gen., not
             cap.) time or occasion of wild revelry (in this sense commonly
             sing.); adj. saturnalian (not cap.)

   Saturnian of the god or planet Saturn

   satyr/    (Gr. and Rom. myth.) a woodland deity with human appearance but
             horse's ears and tail (goat's in Rom. myth.); a lascivious man;
             adj. -ic, type of Greek drama with chorus of satyrs. See also
             satire

   Sauchiehall Street
             Glasgow (two words)

   saucisse  (Fr. f.), fresh pork sausage

   saucisson (Fr. m.), large highly seasoned sausage

   Saudi Arabia
             formerly Hejaz, Nejd, and Asir

   sauerkraut
             (Ger.), chopped pickled cabbage

   Saumur    a champagne

   sauna bath
             (two words)

   sausage/-dog
             (colloq.), -meat, -roll (hyphens)

   saut/‚    (food) lightly fried; to cook in this way; -‚d, not -eed

   Sauterne  a white Bordeaux wine from Sauternes, d‚p.  Gironde, France

   sauve qui peut
             (Fr.), let him save himself who can

   savannah  a treeless plain of subtropical regions

   Savannah  river and town, Ga., US; town, Tenn., US

   savant/   man of learning, pl. -s; fem. -e, pl. -es (not ital.)

   Savigny   a red hurgundy

   Savile/   family name of Earl of Mexborough; -- (Baron); -- Club, -- Row,
             London; -- (Sir Henry), 1549-1622, founder of Savilian chairs at
             Oxford, not -ille

   savin     kind of juniper; its dried tips used as a drug, not -ine

   savings/ bank, -- certificate
             (two words)

   savoir/-faire
             (Fr.), skill, tact; ---vivre, good breeding (hyphens)

   Savonarola (Girolamo)
             1452-98, Italian religious reformer

   savory    the herb

   savoury   appetiz/er, -ing

   Savoyard  of Savoy (region or theatre)

   saw/fish, -mill, -tooth
             (one word)

   sax       colloq. for saxophone; slater's chopper, not zax

   Sax.      Saxon, Saxony

   Sax (Adolphe)
             1814-94, Belgian inventor of saxhorn and saxophone. See also
             Sachs, Saxe

   Saxe      (Saxony), in Ger. Sachsen

   Saxe (Hermann Maurice, comte de)
             1696-1750, French marshal; -- (John Godfrey), 1816-87, US poet
             and humorous writer. See also Sachs, Sax

   Saxe/-Altenburg, ---Coburg-Gotha, ---Meiningen, ---Weimar
             (hyphens), former duchies in E. Germany, incorporated in
             Thuringia (Coburg in Bavaria), 1919; in Ger. Sachsen-

   saxhorn   brass wind instrument with long winding tube and bell opening

   Saxon/, -y
             abbr. Sax.

   saxophone brass wind instrument with keys and reed like that of clarinet,
             colloq. sax

   SAYE      save-as-you-earn

   Saye and Sele (Baron)


   Sayyidpur India, use Saidpur

19.3 Sb...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Sb        stibium (antimony) (no point)

   sb        stilb

   sb.       substantive

   s.b.      single-breasted

   SBN       Standard Book Number, now ISBN, International ditto

19.4 SC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   SC        South Carolina, Special Constable, Staff College, -- Corps,
             Supreme Court, (Lat.) senatus consultum (a decree of the
             Senate), (law) same case, (paper) super-calendered

   Sc        scandium (no point)

   Sc.       Scotch, Scots, Scottish

   sc.       scene, scruple, (Lat.) scilicet (namely)

   s.c.      (typ.), small capitals (without points as a proof-correction
             mark)

   sc.       sculpsit (carved or engraved this)

   Sca Fell  English mountain, Cumbria, not Scaw -- (two words)

   Scafell Pike
             highest English mountain (two words)

   scagliola imitation marble, not scal-

   scal/a    (anat.), a canal in the cochlea; pl. -ae

   Scala     (La), theatre, Milan

   scalable  not -eable

   scalar    (math.), a non-vector number

   scald     anc. Scand. composer and reciter, use skald

   scaler    one who, or that which, scales

   Scaliger (Joseph Justus)
             1540-1609, French philologist; -- (Julius Caesar), 1484-1558,
             his father, Italian-born scholar

   scaliola  use scagl-

   scallop/  a shellfish, also used in cook. and dressmaking; -ed, -ing, not
             sco-, escallop

   scallywag ill-fed animal, scamp, not scalla-

   scampi    (pl.) large prawns, (sing.) a dish of these

   scan/     to analyse metre (of verse), to be metrically sound, to survey
             intently or quickly, -ned, -ning, -sion

   Scand.    Scandinavia, -n

   scandalize
             not -ise

   scandal/um magnatum
             (Lat.), defamation of high personages, pl. -a magnatum; abbr.
             scan.  mag.

   Scandinavia/, -n
             abbr. Scand.

   scandium  symbol Sc

   SCAPA     Society for Checking the Abuses of Public Advertising

   s. caps.  (typ.), small capitals; in proof-reading use sc

   scar      craggy part of cliff etc., not scaur

   Scarborough
             N. Yorks.

   Scarbrough (Earl of)


   scar/f    pl. -ves

   scarlatina
             scarlet fever, not scarlet-

   Scarlatti (Alessandro)
             1660-1725, and -- (Domenico), 1685-1757, his son, Italian
             composers

   Scarlett  family name of Baron Abinger

   scaur     use scar

   Scaw Fell use Sca Fell

   Sc.B.     Scientiae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Science)

   SCC       Sea Cadet Corps

   Sc.D.     Scientiae Doctor (Doctor of Science)

   SCE       Scottish Certificate of Education

   scen/a    (It., Lat.), scene in a play or opera; It. pl. -e, Lat. pl.  -ae

   scenario/ outline of a ballet, play, or film; pl. -s

   scЉne     (Fr. f.), scene, stage; en --, on the stage

   Scenes of Clerical Life
             by George Eliot, 1858, not from

   scent-bottle
             (hyphen)

   scep/sis  philosophic doubt; -tic, one inclined to disbelieve; adj.
             -tical, not sk-

   SCGB      Ski Club of Great Britain

   sch.      scholar, school, schooner

   schadenfreude
             (Ger. f.), malicious delight in others' misfortune

   Schadow (Friedrich)
             1789-1862, German painter; -- (Johann Gottfried), 1764-1850,
             German sculptor, father of Rudolph and Friedrich; -- (Rudolph),
             1786-1822, German sculptor

   Sch„fer (E. A.)
             see Sharpey-Schafer

   schako    use shako

   schallot, schalom
             use sh-

   Schaumburg-Lippe
             W. Germany (hyphen)

   Scheele/ (Karl Wilhelm)
             1742-86, German chemist; --'s green (apos.)

   Scheherazade
             the relater in The Arabian Nights

   Schelde   river, Belgium-Holland; in Fr. Escaut; (not -dt)

   Schelling (Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von)
             1775-1854, German philosopher

   schem/a   (Gr.), an outline; pl.  -ata

   schematize
             not -ise

   schemozzle
             use sh-

   Schenectady
             NY, US

   scherzando/
             (mus.), in a playful or lively manner; as noun, pl. -s

   scherzo/  (mus.), a playful or vigorous piece or movement; pl.  -s

   Schiedam  (cap.), Hollands gin, schnapps

   Schiehallion
             Mt., Tayside

   Schiller (Johann Christoph Friedrich von)
             1759-1805, German poet

   schilling Austrian coin

   Schimmelpenninck (Mary Anne, Mrs)
             1778-1856, English writer

   schipperke
             a breed of dog

   schizanthus
             (bot.), the butterfly-flower

   schizo/   colloq. for schizophrenic, pl. -s

   Schleswig-Holstein
             W. Germany (hyphen)

   Schliemann (Heinrich)
             1822-90, German archaeologist

   schlieren forming patterns of light to show variation of density etc.

   schmaltz  sentimentalism, not sh-, -alz (not ital.)

   schnapps  (Ger.), strong spirit, not -aps

   schnauzer German breed of dog

   schnitzel (Ger.), veal cutlet; Wiener --, this fried in breadcrumbs (one
             cap.)

   Schnitzler (Arthur)
             1862-1931, Austrian playwright

   schnorkel use snorkel

   Schobert (Johann)
             c. 1720-67, German composer

   Schoenberg (Arnold)
             1874-1951, Austrian-born composer

   scholi/um (Lat.), marginal note in a manuscript; pl. -a; -ast

   Schomberg (Friedrich Hermann, Duke of)
             1615-90, German-born French marshal and English mercenary
             officer

   Schomburgk (Sir Robert Hermann)
             1804-65, German traveller

   Sch”nbrunn
             Vienna

   school    abbr. S.

   school/-bag, -board, -book
             (hyphens)

   school/boy, -child, -girl
             (one word)

   school bus
             (two words)

   school-days
             (hyphen)

   schoolhouse
             building for school (one word); school house, headmaster's or
             housemaster's house at boarding-school (two words)

   school-leaver
             (hyphen)

   school/master, -mistress, -room, -teacher
             (one word)

   schooner  abbr. sch.

   Schopenhauer (Arthur)
             1788-1860, German philosopher

   Schreiner (Olive Emilie Albertina)
             1855-1920, S. African writer

   Schr”dinger (Erwin)
             1887-1961, Austrian physicist

   Schubart (Christian Friedrich Daniel)
             1739-91, German poet

   Schubert (Franz Peter)
             1797-1828, Austrian composer

   Schuman (Robert)
             1886-1963, French statesman; -- (William Howard), b. 1910, US
             composer

   Schumann (Robert Alexander)
             1810-56, German composer

   SchЃtz (Heinrich)
             1585-1672, German composer

   Schutzstaffel
             (Ger. f.), Nazi ‚lite corps, abbr. SS

   Schuyler (Eugene)
             1840-90, US writer; -- (Philip John), 1733-1804, US statesman
             and soldier

   Schuylkill
             town and river, Pa., US

   schwa     (phonetics), indistinct vowel sound, not sheva, shwa

   schw„rmerei
             (Ger. f.), a sentimental enthusiasm

   Schwarzerd
             see Melanchthon

   Schwarzkopf (Elisabeth)
             b.  1915, Polish-born soprano

   Schwarzwald
             (Ger.), the Black Forest

   Schweinfurt/
             Bavaria; -- blue, -- green, etc.

   Schweinfurth (Georg August)
             1836-1925, German traveller in Africa

   Schweitzer (Albert)
             1875-1965, German philosopher, theologian, organist, med.
             missionary at Lambar‚n‚, Fr.  Equatorial Africa (now Gabon)

   Schweiz (die)
             Ger. for Switzerland

   Schwyz    canton and its capital in Switz.

   sci.      scien/ce, -tific

   scia/graphy
             art of the perspective of shadows, X-ray radiography; -gram,
             -graph, -graphic; -machy, fighting with shadows; not scio-,
             skia-

   science   abbr. sci.

   science fiction
             (two words); colloq. sci-fi, abbr. SF

   scienter  knowingly

   scientific
             abbr. sci.

   scientology
             religious system based on study of knowledge (not cap.)

   scilicet  (Lat.), namely; abbr.  sc.

   Scill/y (Isles of)
             off Cornwall; adj. -onian

   scimitar  oriental sword, not the many variants

   Scind     Pakistan, use Sind

   scintilla/
             a spark, trace; pl. -s

   sciography
             etc., use scia-

   scion     not cion

   scirocco  use si-

   Sclavic   etc., use Sl-

   sclerom/a pl. -ata, scleros/is, pl. -es (med.), hardening

   SCM       State Certified Midwife, Student Christian Movement

   Sc.M.     Scientiae Magister (Master of Science)

   Scofield (Paul)
             b. 1922, British actor

   scollop   use sca-

   Scone     Tayside

   SCONUL    Standing Conference of National and University Libraries

   score     (bind.), to break the surface of board to help folding

   score     three-, four-, five-, etc.  (one word)

   score/-board, -card, -sheet
             (hyphens)

   scori/a   slag; pl. -ae

   Scot      native of Scotland

   Scot.     Scotch, Scotland, Scottish

   Scotch    in Scotland preferred only for phrases -- (whisky), -- broth, --
             mist, etc.; otherwise, Scots or Scottish is preferred, hence
             also often outside Scotland; abbr. Sc. or Scot.

   Scotchman see Scotsman

   scot-free (hyphen)

   scotice   use scottice

   Scotic/ism, -ize
             use Scott-

   Scotism   the doctrine of Duns Scotus

   Scots/    see Scotch; abbr. Sc.; -- Guards (no apos.)

   Scotsman  in Scotland and increasingly elsewhere preferred to Scotchman

   scottice  in Scots dialect (no accent), not scotice

   Scotticism
             a Scottish expression, not Scoti-

   Scotticize
             make or become like the Scots, not -ise, Scoti-

   Scottie   (colloq.), Scottish person or terrier

   Scottish  in Scotland and increasingly elsewhere preferred to Scotch,
             q.v.; not Scotish; abbr. Sc. or Scot.

   scouse    (colloq.), native or dialect of Liverpool (not cap.)

   Scout     not now Boy Scout (cap.)

   scow      a flat-bottomed boat, not skow

   SCR       Senior Common Room; (Camb.) -- Combination Room

   scr.      scruple, -s

   screen    (typ.), a fine grating on film or glass which breaks an
             illustration with various tones into dots of the appropriate
             size

   screenplay
             script of a film (one word)

   screen printing
             see silk screen

   Scriabin(e)
             use Skriabin

   scribes and Pharisees
             (cap. P only)

   scrips/it (Lat.), wrote this; pl.  -erunt or -ere

   script    (typ.), type resembling handwriting

   script.   Scriptur/e, -al

   scriptori/um
             a writing-room; pl. -a

   Scriptures (the)
             (cap.)

   scrolling (comp.), VDU presentation in which text appears to move
             vertically up-screen until arrested by operator for editing. See
             also paging

   Scrooge   a miser, from character in Dickens's Christmas Carol (cap.)

   scrot/um  (anat.), pl. -a

   scruple   20 grains; abbr. sc.  (See Figure 2 in topic FRONT_4)

   scrutator a scrutineer

   scrutinize
             not -ise

   scuba/    acronym for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus, pl.
             -s

   sculduggery
             use skul-

   sculp.    sculpt/or, -ural, -ure

   sculps/it (Lat.), engraved, or carved, this; pl. -erunt or -ere; abbr. sc.
             or sculps.

   sculptures (titles of)
             (typ.), when cited, to be in italic

   scurry    (noun and verb), not sk-

   Scutari   Albania, not Sk-

   scutcheon use escut-

   Scylla and Charybdis
             (class.  myth.), personified rock and whirlpool in Str. of
             Messina

   scymitar  use scim-

19.5 SD...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   SD        South Dakota (off. postal abbr.)

   sd.       (books), sewed

   s.d.      shillings & pence, (Ger.)  siehe dies (= q.v.), (Lat.) sine die
             (indefinitely)

   S. Dak.   South Dakota (off.  abbr.)

   SDLP      Social Democratic and Labour Party

   SDR       Special Drawing Right

19.6 SE...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   SE        south-east(ern), (Fr.) Son Excellence (His or Her Excellency)

   S/E       Stock Exchange

   Se        selenium (no point)

   Sea       when with name, to be cap., as North Sea, Sea of Marmara

   sea-bed   (hyphen)

   seaboard  (one word)

   sea/-borne, -breeze
             (hyphens)

   SEAC      South-East Asia Command

   sea change
             (two words)

   sea/farer, -faring, -food
             (one word)

   Seaford   E. Sussex

   Seaforde  Co. Down

   sea/going, -gull
             (one word)

   sea-horse (hyphen)

   Seal      Kent

   Seale     Surrey

   sea/-legs, -level
             (hyphens)

   sealing-wax
             (hyphen)

   sealskin  (one word)

   seamstress
             sewing-woman, not semp

   Seanad ђireann
             Upper House of Irish Parliament

   seance    a sitting (not ital., no accent); in Fr. f. s‚ance

   sea/plane, -port, -scape
             (one word)

   sear      to scorch, wither(ed). See also sere

   searchlight
             (one word)

   search/-party, -warrant
             (hyphens)

   sea/ serpent, -- shell
             (two words)

   sea-shore (law), the land between high and low water (hyphen)

   sea/sick, -sickness, -side
             (one word)

   season-ticket
             (hyphen)

   SEATO     South-East Asia Treaty Organization

   sea-urchin
             (hyphen)

   sea-way   (hyphen)

   sea/weed, -worthy
             (one word)

   sebaceous fatty, not -ious

   Sebastopol
             the spelling generally used in contemporary accounts of the
             Crimean War. But see Sevastopol

   sec       (math.) secant (no point); colloq. for second

   sec       (Fr.), fem. sЉche, dry (ital.)

   sec.      second, -s (of time or angle, no point in scientific and
             technical work), secondary, secretary

   sec.      see secundum

   secateurs (pl.), pair of pruning clippers (no accent, not ital.)

   secco/    painting on dry plaster, pl. -s

   Sec.-Gen. Secretary-General

   Sechuana  language of the Bechuanas, use Tswana

   Secker & Warburg, Ltd.
             publishers

   second    (adj.), abbr. 2nd

   second/, -s
             abbr. s. or sec. (but no point in scientific and technical
             work); sign "; -- mark ("), symbol for inches or seconds.  See
             also secund

   seconde   a fencing parry

   second-hand
             (adj. and adv., hyphen)

   secondo   (It. mus.), lower part in a duet

   Second World War
             1939-45 (caps.); also World War II

   secrecy   not -sy

   sec. reg. secundum regulam (according to rule)

   secretaire
             a writing-table (not ital.)

   secretariat
             a secretary's office, members of an administration, not -ate

   Secretary head of State department (cap.)

   secretary person who deals with correspondence, typing, etc.; a literary
             assistant; abbr.  sec.

   secret/e  to hide, to form and separate (blood, sap, etc.); -ion, -or,
             -ory

   section   (typ.), a chapter subdivision, abbr. s., sect. sign °

   secularize
             not -ise

   secund    (biol.), on one side only.  See also second

   Secunderabad
             Hyderabad, India, not Sak-, Sek-; but Sikandarabad, Uttar
             Pradesh, India

   secundo   (Lat.), in the second place; abbr. 2o

   secundum/ (Lat.), according to, abbr. sec.; -- artem, ditto art, abbr.
             sec. art.; -- naturam, naturally, abbr. sec. nat.; -- quid, in
             some respects only; -- regulam, according to rule, abbr. sec.
             reg.

   SED       Scottish Education Department

   Sedbergh  Cumbria

   se defendendo
             (Lat.), in defending himself, or herself

   Seder     Jewish Passover ritual

   sederunt  (Lat.), a meeting, or sitting (not tat.)

   sede vacante
             (Lat.), when the see is vacant

   Sedgemoor Somerset; -- (battle of), 1685 (one word)

   sedil/e   stone seat for priest in chancel of church, usu. one of three,
             pl. -ia (not ital.)

   seduc/er  not -or; -ible, not -eable

   s‚duisant/
             (Fr.), fem. -e, bewitching

   See (the Holy)
             the Papacy

   see       (verb), often italicized in indexes and reference books to
             distinguish from words being treated, abbr. s.

   Seefried (Irmgard)
             1919-88, German soprano

   Seeley (Sir John Robert)
             1834-95, English hist. writer

   Seely     family name of Baron Mottistone

   see-saw   (hyphen)

   seethe    to boil, not -th

   sego/     N. American lily, pl. -s

   segue     follows

   seguidilla/
             Sp. dance, music for this, pl. -s

   seicento  1600-99, and art-style of that century

   seiche    a fluctuation in the level of a lake

   seigneur/ a feudal lord, not -ior; adj. -ial (not ital.)

   seigniorage
             superior's prerogative, right of Crown to revenue from bullion,
             not seignor-

   seigniory lordship

   Seine/-et-Marne
             abbr.  S.-et-M., ---Maritime, ---St.-Denis, French d‚ps.
             (hyphens)

   seise     (law), to put in possession of. See also seize

   seisin    (law), (taking) possession by freehold, not -zin

   seismo/graph
             instrument to record force of earthquakes; -logy, study of
             earthquakes

   Seit/e    (Ger. f.), a page, abbr. S., sing. and pl.

   seize     to grasp. See also seise

   seizin    use seisin

   Sejm      Polish Parliament

   s‚jour    (Fr. m.), sojourn

   Sekunderabad
             see Sec-

   sel.      selected

   Selangor  see Malaysia (Federation of)

   Selassie (Haile)
             see Haile Selassie

   Selborne (Earl of)


   Selborne (Natural History of)
             by Gilbert White, pub.  1789

   selector  one who, or that which, selects, not -er

   selenium  symbol Se

   self-     is freely added (with hyphen) as a reflexive prefix to nouns,
             adjectives, and participles, as self-abuse, self-evident,
             self-made, etc. But note selfsame

   self-conscious
             (hyphen), but unselfconscious (one word)

   Seljuk    (member) of Turkish dynasties ruling from 11th to 13th cc., not
             -ouk

   sellanders
             use sallenders

   selle de mouton
             (Fr. f.), saddle of mutton

   seller's option
             abbr. s.o.

   Sellindge Hythe, Kent

   Selling   Sittingbourne, Kent

   Sellotape propr. term for transparent adhesive tape (cap.)

   Selsey    Glos., E. Sussex, not -sea

   seltzer   a German mineral water

   selvage   an edging of cloth, not -edge

   Sem.      Semitic

   semant/ic (adj.), concerning the meaning of words; -ics, the branch of
             philology concerned with this

   semeio-   use semio-

   semester  a college or university course of half a year (esp. in Germany
             and US)

   semi/     colloq. for semi-detached house, pl. -s

   semi      (Lat.), half; abbr. s

   semi-barbar/ian, -ic, -ism
             -ous (hyphens)

   semi-bold (typ.), a weight between light roman and bold

   semi/circle, -circular
             (one word)

   semicolon (one word); see punctuation III

   semi/conductor, -final
             (one word)

   semi-monthly
             twice a month (hyphen)

   Seminole  sing. and pl., Amer.  Indian

   semi-official
             (hyphen)

   semi/ology, -otics
             branch of linguistics concerned with signs and symbols; (path.)
             science of symptoms, not semeio-

   semiprecious
             (one word)

   Semite    not Sh-

   Semitic   abbr. Sem.

   Semitize  not -ise (cap.)

   semi/transparent, -tropical
             (one word)

   semi-weekly
             twice a week (hyphen)

   semp.     (It. mus.), sempre

   semper/ eadem
             (Lat. f. sing., and n. pl.), always the same; -- fidelis, always
             faithful, pl.  -- fideles; -- idem (m. and n.  sing.), always
             the same

   semplice  (mus.), in simple style

   sempre    (mus.), always; abbr.  semp.

   sempstress
             use seams-

   SEN       State Enrolled Nurse

   Sen.      Senat/e, -or, Seneca, senior

   sen.      senior

   Senat/e, -or
             abbr. Sen.

   Senatus   (Lat.), the Senate

   Senatus Academicus
             the governing body in Scottish universities (not ital.)

   senatus consultum
             a decree of the Senate; abbr. SC

   Seneca (Lucius Annaeus)
             c.3 BC-AD 65, Roman Stoic philosopher and statesman; abbr. Sen.

   Senegal/  W. Africa, rep. 1959, indep. 1960; adj. -ese; in Fr.  S‚n‚gal

   Senhor/   (Port.), Mr; -a, Mrs; -ita, Miss

   senior    abbr. sen. or Senr.

   seniores priores
             (Lat.), elders first

   Sennacherib
             d. 681 BC, King of Assyria

   se non Љ vero Љ ben trovato
             (It.), if it is not true, it is well invented

   Se¤or/    (Sp.), Mr, abbr. Sr.; -es, Messrs; -a, Mrs, abbr. Sra.; -ita,
             Miss, abbr. Srta.

   Senr.     Senior, use sen.

   sensitize make sensitive, not -ise

   sensori/um
             (Lat.), grey matter of brain and spinal cord; pl. -a

   sensory   pertaining to the senses or sensation

   sensual   concerned with gratification of the senses, carnal

   sensualize
             not -ise

   sensu/ lato
             (Lat.), in the wide sense; -- stricto, in the narrow sense

   sens/um   (philos.), sense-datum, pl. -a

   sensuous  pertaining to or affected by the senses in aesthetic terms

   sentimentalize
             not -ise

   Senussi   member of fanatic Muslim sect; pl. same

   senza     (It. mus.), without

   Seoul     cap. of S. Korea, not Seul, Soul

   separate  abbr. sep.; (typ.) a reprint of one of a series of items

   separator not -er

   Sephardi/ Jew of Spanish or Portuguese descent, pl. -m (cap.)

   sepoy     (hist.), Indian soldier in European service (not cap.)

   seppuku   (Jap.), hara-kiri

   Sept.     September, Septuagint, not Sep.

   September abbr. Sept.; in Fr.  m. septembre, abbr. sept. (not cap.)

   septemvir/
             (Lat.), one of a committee of seven; pl. -i

   septet    (mus.), not -ett, -ette

   septfoil  seven-lobed ornamental figure

   septicaemia
             blood-poisoning, not -cemia

   septime   a fencing parry

   septuagenarian
             person in seventies

   Septuagesima Sunday
             the third before Lent

   Septuagint
             Greek version of OT, c.270 BC, abbr. Sept. or LXX

   sept/um   (biol.), a partition; pl.  -a

   Sepulchre (Church of St)
             not -'s

   sepultus  (Lat.), buried; abbr. S.

   seq.      (sing.), sequens (the following), sequente (and in what
             follows), sequitur (it follows)

   seqq.     (pl.), sequentes, sequentia (the following), sequentibus (in the
             following places)

   sequel/a  (path.), a symptom following a disease; pl. -ae

   sequen/s, -te
             see seq.

   sequent/es
             (m. f.), -ia (n.), -ibus, see seqq.

   sequitur  (Lat.), it follows; abbr.  seq.

   ser.      series

   serac/    a castellated mass of ice in a glacier; pl. -s (not ital.)

   seraglio/ a harem, a Turkish palace, pl. -s

   serai     a caravanserai, not sar-, -ay

   Serajevo  use Sa-

   serape    Sp.-Amer. shawl, not sar-, zar-

   seraph/   a celestial being; pl. -s; Heb. pl. -im, not -ims

   Serb.     Serbian

   sere      catch of gun-lock; (ecol.)  sequence of animal or plant
             communities. See also sear

   sere/cloths, -ments
             use cere-

   serein    (Fr. m.), rain from cloudless sky

   serge     large candle, use cierge

   sergeant  (mil.; but -j- in some official contexts), abbr. Sgt.  (cap. as
             title). See also serjeant

   seriatim  serially, point by point

   series    sing. and pl.; abbr. S. or ser.

   serifs    (typ.), short lines across the ends of arms and stems of
             letters, not ceriphs

   Serinagar use Sr-

   Seringapatam
             Mysore, India

   serio-comic
             (hyphen)

   serjeant  (law). See also sergeant

   sermonize not -ise

   serra     (Port.), sierra, mountain range

   ser/um    the fluid that separates from clotted blood, antitoxin, pl.  -a

   serviceable
             not -able

   serviceman
             (one word)

   serviette table-napkin (not ital.)

   servitor  an attendant, not -er

   servo/    mechanism for powered automatic control of larger system, pl.
             -s; as comb. form (with hyphen) denoting machine with this
             function, e.g. servo-motor

   Sesotho   Bantu language, not Sesuto

   sesquicentenary
             (celebration of) one-hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary

   sesquipedalian
             (of word) one and a half (metrical) feet long; many-syllabled

   sess.     session

   Session (Court of)
             supreme Scottish Court, not -- -- Sessions; -- (Parliamentary)
             (caps.)

   sesterce  Roman coin, in Lat.  sesterti/us, pl. -i, symbol HS (no point)

   sesterti/um
             1,000 sesterces, pl.  -a

   sestet    last six lines of a sonnet.  See also sextet

   Sesuto    use Sesotho

   set       badger's burrow, shoot for planting, alignment in weaving,
             paving-block, (typ.) width of sort, not sett

   set-back  (noun, hyphen)

   S.-et-L.  d‚p. France, Saone-et-Loire; S.-et-M., d‚p.  France,
             Seine-et-Marne

   set-off   (typ.), unwanted transfer of ink from one sheet to another

   set/ piece, -- point
             (two words)

   sets      abbr. s.

   sett      use set

   Settlement (Stock Ex.)
             (cap.)

   settler   one who settles; settlor (law), one who makes a settlement

   set-up    (adj. and noun, hyphen)

   Seul      Korea, use Seoul

   Sevastopol
             Crimea, USSR, but see Sebastopol

   Sevenoaks Kent (one word)

   Seventh-day Adventist
             (two caps., one hyphen)

   Seven Years War
             1756-63 (caps., no apos.)

   S‚vign‚ (Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Madame de)
             1626-96, French writer

   SЉvres porcelain


   sewage/   the refuse that passes through sewers; -- farm, -- works (two
             words)

   sewerage  a system of sewers

   sewin     salmon trout, not -en

   sewing    (bind.), the individual sewing of each book-section to its
             neighhours. See also stitching

   sexagenarian
             person in sixties

   Sexagesima Sunday
             the second before Lent

   sex/ -- appeal, -- change, -- maniac
             (two words)

   sextet    (mus.), (a work for) a group of six performers, not -ett, -ette.
             See also sestet

   sexto     (typ.), a book based on 6 leaves, 12 pages, to the sheet; abbr.
             6to; sextodecimo or sixteenmo, a book based on 16 leaves, 32
             pages, to the sheet; abbr. 16mo

   sexualize to attribute sex to, not -ise

   Seychelles (Republic of)
             Indian Ocean, indep. 1976

   Seymour (Jane)
             1509-37, 3rd wife of Henry VIII of England

19.7 SF...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   SF        San Francisco, science fiction

   s.f.      sub finem (towards the end)

   SFA       Scottish Football Association

   Sforza/   Milanese ducal family, notably -- (Ludovico), 1451-1508; --
             (Carlo, Count), 1873-1952, leader of anti-Fascist opposition in
             Italy

   sforz/ando, -ato
             (mus.), with sudden emphasis on a chord or note; abbr. sfz

   sfumato   (It. paint.), with indistinct outlines

19.8 S.-G....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   S.-G.     Solicitor-General

   SGA       Society of Graphic Artists

   Sganarelle
             name of characters in MoliЉre's comedies

   sgd.      signed

   s.g.d.g.  (Fr.) sans garantie du gouvernement (without government
             guarantee)

   sgraffit/o
             decorative work in which different colours are got by removing
             outer layers; pl. -i.  See also graffito

   's-Gravenhage
             formal Dutch for The Hague

   Sgt.      Sergeant

19.9 sh....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   sh.       shilling, -s

   shadoof   Egyptian water-raising apparatus

   shagreen  untanned leather from skin of fish, sharks, etc.

   Shahabad  Bengal, Hyderahad, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh (India)

   shaikh    use sheikh

   Shakespear/e (William)
             1564-1616, English playwright, abbr. Shak.; -ian, -iana, not the
             many variants

   Shakespeare Society (the)
             but the New Shakespere Society

   shako/    mil. head-dress, not sch-; pl. -s

   shaky     unsteady, not -key

   shallop   a small boat or dinghy, not shalop, -oop

   shallot   a kind of onion, not esch-, sch-, shalott

   shalom    Jewish salutation, not sch-

   Shalott (The Lady of)
             by Tennyson, 1833

   shamefaced
             (one word)

   shammy-leather
             use chamois-

   shandrydan
             a rickety vehicle, not -dery-

   Shanghai  China; shanghai/ (not cap.), to make drunk and ship as a sailor;
             -ed

   Shangri-La
             earthly paradise (hyphen, two caps.)

   shan't    to be printed close up, one apos. only

   shanty    hut, rough dwelling, sailor's song, not ch-; -- town (two words)

   shapable  not shape-

   SHAPE     Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers, Europe

   shareholder
             (one word)

   share-list
             (hyphen)

   share-out (noun, hyphen)

   sharif    use sherif

   Sharp (Becky)
             in Thackeray's Vanity Fair; -- (Cecil James), 1859-1924, English
             collector of folk-songs; -- (Granville), 1735-1813, English
             abolitionist; -- (James), 1613-79, Scottish prelate; --
             (William), 1855-1905, Scottish poet and novelist, pseud. Fiona
             Macleod

   Sharpe (Charles Kirkpatrick)
             1781-1851, Scottish antiquary and artist; -- (Samuel),
             1799-1881, English Egyptologist and biblical scholar

   Sharpeville
             S. Africa

   Sharpey-Schafer (Sir Edward Albert)
             n‚ Sch„fer, 1850-1935, English physiologist

   sharpshoot/er, -ing
             (one word)

   shaving/-brush, -cream, -soap, -stick
             (hyphens)

   Shaw (George Bernard)
             1856-1950, Irish-born English playwright; adj. Shavian; --
             (Aircraftman), see Lawrence (T. E.)

   shaykh    use sheikh

   shchi     Russian cabbage soup, not the many variants

   sheaf     pl. sheaves

   shealing  Highland hut, use shiel-

   shear/    to cut, past -ed, partic.  shorn, but -ed with reference to
             mechanical shears (see also sheer); ---hulk, ---legs, use sheer-

   shearwater
             a bird (one word)

   sheath    (noun)

   sheathe   (verb)

   shebeen   (Ir.), unlicensed house selling spirits

   Shechinah use Shekinah

   sheep/-dip, -dog, -fold, -run
             (hyphens)

   sheepshank
             a type of knot (one word)

   sheepskin a rug, a bookbinding leather, a parchment (one word)

   sheer     (adj.) mere, vertical, (adv.) quite, vertically, (verb) to
             deviate, swerve. See also shear

   sheer/-hulk
             a dismasted ship; ---legs, hoisting apparatus for masts
             (hyphens)

   Sheer Thursday
             (Maundy Thursday), not Shere

   sheet     (typ.), a piece of paper of a definite size; a signature of a
             book

   sheet/ metal, -- music
             (two words)

   sheets (in)
             (typ.), not folded, or, if folded, not bound

   sheet work
             (typ.), printing the two sides of a sheet from two formes

   Sheffield:
             sig. of Bp. of Sheffield (colon)

   sheikh    (Arab.), a chief, not sha-, -ik, -yk

   sheiling  use shieling

   Shekinah  visible glory of God, not Shech-

   sheldrake a water-bird, not shell-; fem. and pl. shelduck, not sheld duck

   shelf-ful/
             the quantity that fills a shelf, pl. -s (hyphen)

   shelf-mark
             (hyphen)

   shellac/  a gum, not -ack, shelac, shelack; as verb, -ked, -king

   Shelley (Percy Bysshe)
             1792-1822, English poet

   shellfish (one word)

   shell-shock
             (hyphen)

   Shelta    a cryptic jargon used by tinkers

   sheltie   a Shetland pony, not -y

   shelv/e, -ing, -y


   Shemite   use Semite

   shemozzle rumpus, not sch-

   Shepheardes Calendar (The)
             by Spenser, 1579

   Shepheard's Hotel
             Cairo

   Shepherd Market
             London

   Shepherd's Bush
             London

   shepherd's/ needle, -- pie, -- purse
             (apos.)

   Sheppard (Jack)
             1702-24, highwayman

   Sheppey (Isle of)
             Kent

   Shepton Mallet
             Somerset

   Sheraton (Thomas)
             1751-1806, English furniture designer

   Sherborne Dorset, Glos.; -- (Baron)

   Sherbourne
             Warwick

   Sherburn  Dur., N. Yorks.

   Sherburn in Elmet
             N. Yorks.

   Shere     Surrey

   Shere Thursday
             use Sheer

   sherif    Muslim leader, not -eef, sharif

   sheriff   county officer

   Sheringham
             Norfolk

   Sherpa    one of a Himalayan people from borders of Nepal and Tibet, not
             -ah

   Sherpur   Bangladesh

   Sherrington (Sir Charles Scott)
             1857-1952, English physiologist

   's Hertogenbosch
             Netherlands

   Shetland/ region of Scotland; -- Islands, or -s, the main group of islands
             in it

   sheva     use schwa

   shew      use show except in Sc.  law, and biblical and Prayer Book
             citations

   shewbread (Scrip.), loaves displayed in Jewish temple, not Show-

   sheyk     use sheikh

   Shiah     sect of the Shiite Muslims

   shibboleth
             test word, not shibo-

   shieling  Highland hut or sheep-shelter, not sheal-, she-

   Shifnal   Shropshire

   shih-tzu  breed of dog

   Shiite    (member) of Muslim sect

   shikaree  (Ind.), a hunter, not the many variants

   Shikarpur Pakistan

   shillelagh
             Irish cudgel, not the many variants

   shilling/, -s
             abbr. s. or sh.; symbol /-; -- mark (typ.), /

   shilly-shally/, -ing


   Shinto/, -ism
             Japanese religion

   shiny     not -ey

   'ship     (typ.), see companionship

   ship/builder, -building, -mate, -owner, -shape
             (one word)

   shipping/-agent, -office
             (hyphens)

   ships' names
             to be italic

   Shipston on Stour
             War. (three words)

   Shipton   Glos., N. Yorks., Shropshire

   Shiptonthorpe
             Humberside

   Shipton under Wychwood
             Oxon. (three words)

   ship/wreck, -wright, -yard
             (one word)

   Shire/brook
             Derby; -hampton, Avon; -newton, Gwent (one word)

   shirt-sleeve
             (hyphen)

   shirtwaister
             dress with bodice like shirt (one word)

   shish kebab
             (two words)

   Shiva     use Siva

   shmaltz   use schmaltz

   shock/ therapy, -- treatment
             (two words)

   shock troops
             (two words)

   shoe/, -ing


   shoe/black, -horn, -maker
             (one word)

   shoe/-string, -tree
             (hyphens)

   Sholokhov (Mikhail Aleksandrovich)
             1905-84, Russian novelist

   Shooters Hill
             London

   shop assistant
             (two words)

   shop/-boy, -front, -girl
             (hyphens)

   shopkeeper
             (one word)

   shop/lifter, -walker
             (one word)

   shop steward
             (two words)

   short-change
             (verb, hyphen)

   short circuit
             (noun); short-circuit (verb)

   short/ mark
             that placed over short vowel, breve; -- ton, 2,000 lb.; abbr.
             s.t.  (See Figure 1 in topic FRONT_4)

   shorty    (colloq;), short person or garment, not -ie

   Shostakovich (Dmitri Dmitrievich)
             1906-75, Russian composer

   shotgun   (one word)

   shoulder  (typ.), platform on the shank of a sort from which the face
             rises

   shoulder-notes
             (typ.), marginal notes at the top outer corner of the page

   shouldst  to be printed close up, no apos.

   shovel/, -led, -ler, -ling, -ful
             pl. -fuls

   shovelboard
             (one word)

   show      see shew

   Showbread use Shew-

   show business
             (two words), colloq. showbiz (one word)

   show/girl, -man
             (one word)

   show house
             (two words)

   show-piece
             (hyphen)

   showroom  (one word)

   show-through
             (typ.), the degree to which printing is visible on the other
             side of the paper

   s.h.p.    shaft horsepower

   shrievalty
             the office of sheriff

   shrill/y, -ness


   shrivel/, -led, -ling


   Shropshire
             formerly Salop

   Shrovetide
             from the Saturday evening before to Ash Wednesday morning

   Shrove Tuesday
             day before Ash Wednesday

   shumac    use sumac

   'shun!    colloq. for attention!

   Shute (Nevil)
             pseud. of N. S.  Norway, 1899-1960, English novelist

   s.h.v.    sub hoc voce or hoc verbo (under this word)

   shwa      use schwa

   shy/er, -est, -ly, -ness
             not shi-

19.10 SI...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   SI        SystЉme International d'Unit‚s, a coherent system of scientific
             units based on the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin,
             mole, and candela; adopted by the General Conference of Weights
             and Measures (CGPM) and endorsed by the International
             Organization for Standardization (ISO); Sandwich Islands, Star
             of India, Staten Island (NY)

   Si        silicon (no point)

   si        (mus.), use te

   SIAD      Society of Industrial Artists and Designers

   sialagogue
             an agent inducing a flow of saliva, not sialo-

   Siam      use Thailand

   Siamese/  use Thai, except in set phrases such as -- cat, -- twins

   Sib.      Siberia, -n

   sibilant  (adj.) hissing; (noun) letter(s) sounded with a hiss (e.g.  s,
             sh)

   sibyl/    a prophetess; adj. -line; the Sibylline books (one cap.), anc.
             Rom. collection of oracles. See also Sybil

   Sic.      Sicil/y, -ian

   sic       (Lat.), thus, so (print usu. in brackets, as parenthetical
             comment on quoted words)

   sice      the six on dice. See also syce

   Sicilian Vespers
             massacre of the French in Sicily, 1282; subject of opera by
             Verdi, Les V€pres siciliennes, 1855

   sick/-bed, -leave, -pay, -room
             (hyphens)

   sicut ante
             (Lat.), as before

   sic vos non vobis
             (Lat.), thus you labour, but not for yourselves

   side/-arms, -bet
             (hyphens)

   side/board, -burns
             (one word)

   side/-car, -chapel, -dish, -door, -drum, -effect
             (hyphens)

   side/light, -line, -long
             (one word)

   side-notes
             (typ.), those in margin, generally outer (hyphen)

   side/-road, -saddle, -show, -slip, -step, -street, -table, -track
             (hyphens)

   side valve
             of engine (hyphen when attrib.)

   sideways  (one word)

   Sidgwick & Jackson, Ltd.
             publishers

   Sidney (Sir Philip)
             1554-86, English soldier, courtier, writer.  See also Syd-

   siЉcle    (Fr. m.), century; abbr. s.

   Siegfried/
             a Nibelungenlied hero, eponym of third opera in Wagner's Ring,
             1876, not Sig-; -- Line, German fortified line on Franco-German
             border before 1939

   siehe     (Ger.), see; abbr. s.

   siehe/ dies
             (Ger.), see this (= q.v.), abbr. s.d.; -- oben, = see above,
             abbr. s.o.; -- unten, = see below, abbr. s.u.

   Siemens (Werner von)
             1816-92, German founder of the electrical firm; -- (Sir William,
             Karl Wilhelm), 1823-83, his brother, German-born British
             engineer

   siemens   (elec.), unit of conductance, abbr. S

   Sienkiewicz (Henryk)
             1846-1916, Polish novelist

   Sienna    Italy

   sienna    pigment

   sierra/   (Sp.), a mountain-chain, pl. -s

   Sierra/ Leone
             W. Africa, indep. 1961, adj. -- Leonean; -- Madre, Mexican
             mountain-chains; -- Nevada, mountain-chain in E. California, US,
             and in Spain

   siesta/   (Sp.), afternoon rest; pl.  -s

   SieyЉs (Emmanuel-Joseph)
             1748-1836. French statesman

   Sig.      Signor, -i

   sig.      signature

   Sigfried  use Sieg-

   sight-read/, -er, -ing
             of music (hyphens)

   sightsee/r, -ing
             (one word)

   sigill/um (Lat.), a seal; pl.. -a

   sigl/um   sign denoting source of text, pl. -a

   sign      abbr. s.

   signal/, -ize
             not -ise, -led, -ler, -ling, -ly

   signatory one who has signed, not -ary

   signature (mus.), the key or time sign at beginning of the stave; (typ.)
             complete part of a book, usu. 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 pp.; these are
             given letters of the alphabet at foot of first page; text usu.
             begins with B, omits J, V, W; when the alphabet is exhausted,
             the letters are duplicated as AA, AAA etc.; a, b, c, etc. are
             used for prelims.; abbr.  sig.

   signed    abbr. s. or sgd.

   Signor/   (It.), Mr, pl. -i, abbr.  Sig.; -a, Mrs, pl. -e, -ina, Miss, pl.
             -ine

   Sikandarabad
             Uttar Pradesh, India; but Secunderabad, Hyderabad, India

   Sikes (Bill)
             in Dickens's Oliver Twist, not Sy-

   Sikkim    E. Himalayas

   Sikorski (Gen. Wladyslaw)
             1881-1943, Polish Prime Minister

   silhouette
             shadow-outline

   siliceous of silica, not -ious

   silicon   chem. element, symbol Si

   silicone  organic polymer containing silicon

   siliqu/a  long narrow seed-vessel; pl. -ae

   silk screen
             (typ.), process based on a stencil supported on a fine mesh

   silkworm  (one word)

   sill      (of door, window), not cill

   sillabub  use syllabub

   Sillanp„„ (Frans Eemil)
             1888-1964, Finnish novelist

   Sillery   a champagne

   silo/     airtight chamber for storing grain; pl. -s

   silvan    of woods, not sy-

   silver    symbol Ag (argentum) (no point)

   silvicultur/e, -ist
             not sylvi-

   s'il vous plaЊt
             (Fr.), if you please; abbr. s.v.p.

   simile/   a (literary) likening of one thing to another; pl. -s, not -ies;
             adv. (mus.), in the same manner

   similia similibus curantur
             (Lat.), like cures like

   similiter (Lat.), in like manner

   simitar   use scimitar

   Simla     cap. of Himachal Pradesh, India

   Simonstown
             Cape Province, S.  Africa (one word)

   simoom    a hot desert wind, not -oon

   simpatico (It.), congenial

   simpliciter
             (Lat.), absolutely, without qualification

   simulacr/um
             an image, a deceptive substitute; pl. -a

   simultaneous
             not -ions

   simurg    monstrous bird of Persian myth, not -org, -urgh

   sin       (math.), sine (no point)

   Sinaitic  of Mount Sinai or the Sinai peninsula (cap.)

   Sind      Pakistan, not -e, -h, Scinde

   Sindbad   the sailor, not Sinb-

   Sindi/    Sind native; pl. -s

   sine      (math.), abbr. sin

   sine/     (Lat.), without; -- anno, without the date, abbr. s.o.; -- cura,
             without office; -- die, without a day (being named), abbr. s.d.;
             -- dubio, -- doubt; -- invidia, -- envy; -- legi- tima prole, --
             lawful issue, abbr. s.l.p.; -- loco, anno, vel nomine, -- place,
             year, or name, abbr. s.l.a.n. -- loco et anno, -- place and date
             (of books without imprints, abbr.  s.l.e.a.); -- mascula prole
             -- male issue, abbr. s.m.p.  -- mora, -- delay; -- nomine, --
             (printer's) name, abbr. s.n.; -- odio, -- hatred; -- prole
             (superstite), -- (surviving) issue, abbr. s.p.(s.); -- qua non,
             an indispensable condition, not -- quѓ --

   sinfon/ia (It. mus.), an overture or symphony, pl. -s; ietta, a
             small-scaled symphony or orchestra, pl. -iettas

   sing.     singular

   Singapore/
             island off south end of Malay Peninsula, indep.  1965; adj. -an

   sing/e    to scorch, -ed, -eing

   Singh     Indian title, as Ranjit Singh, not -ng

   singsong  (adj. and noun, one word)

   singular  abbr. s. or sing.

   sinh      hyperbolic sine (no point)

   Sinha     (Baron)

   Sinhalese (member of major population group or language) of Sri Lanka, not
             Sing-, Cing-

   sinister  (her.), the shield-bearer's left, the observer's right, opp.
             dexter

   sinistra  (It.), left-hand side, abbr. s.; -- mano (mus.), the left hand,
             abbr. SM

   Sinn Fein/
             the movement for Irish independence; -er, -ism

   sinus/    (anat.), cavity in bone or tissue; pl. -es

   Sion      use Zion

   Siou/x    N. American Indian; pl.  ssme, adj. -an

   siphon    not sy-

   si quis   (Lat.), if anyone, first words of notice of ordination

   Sirach    use Ecclesiasticus

   sircar    (Ind.), head, the Government, not -kar

   sirdar    (Ind. etc.), leader. one in command

   siren     a sea-nymph, a temptress; (device which emits) warning sound,
             not sy-

   Sirenia   order of aquatic mammals

   siringe   use sy-

   sirocco/  wind from Sahara reaching Italy and S. Europe; pl. -s; not sci-

   sirup     use sy-

   sirvente  (Fr. m.), medieval Provencal narrative poem

   SIS       Secret Intelligence Service US

   sister/-german
             having same parents; -- -in-law, pl.  sisters-in-law; --
             -uterine, having same mother only (hyphens)

   Sistine Chapel
             in the Vatican, not Six-

   Sisyphean condemned to eternal punishment, like Sisyphus (Gr. myth.)
             (cap.)

   Sitapur   Uttar Pradesh, India

   sitting-room
             (hyphen)

   situs     (Lat. sing. and pl.), a site

   Sitwell (Dame Edith)
             1887-1964, English poet; -- (Sir Osbert), 1892-1969, English
             poet, novelist, essayist; -- (Sir Sacheverell), 1897-1988,
             English poet and art critic

   sitz-bath a hip-bath (hyphen)

   Siva      Hindu god, not Shiva

   Siwalik Hills
             India, not Siv-

   Six Day War
             1967

   Six Mile Bottom
             Cambs.  (three words)

   Sixmilebridge
             Co. Clare, Co.  Limerick (one word)

   Sixmilecross
             Tyrone (one word)

   Six Road Ends
             Co. Down (three words)

   sixte     fencing parry

   sixteenmo (typ.), see sexto- decimo

   Sixtine   use Sistine

   sixty-fourmo
             (typ.), a book based on 64 leaves, 128 pages, to the sheet
             (hyphen); abbr. 64mo

   sizable   use sizea-

   sizar     an assisted student

   sizeable  not -zable

   sizes of type
             for the names of former sizes see bourgeois, brevier, brilliant,
             canon, diamond, double pica, emerald, English gem, great primer,
             long primer, minion, nonpareil, paragon, pearl, pica, ruby,
             small pica; the point system (q.v.)  is now used

19.11 SJ...
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   SJ        Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

   SJAA      St John Ambulance Association

   SJAB      St John Ambulance Brigade

   sjambok   (Afrik.), a hide whip, not sambok

   SJC       (US), Supreme Judicial Court

19.12 Skagerrak...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Skagerrak arm of the North Sea between Denmark and Norway (one word), not
             Skager Rack

   skald     anc. Scand. poet and reciter, not scald

   Skara Brae
             Orkney

   skateboard
             (one word)

   skean-dhu (Sc.), dirk worn in the stocking, not skene-

   skein     of silk etc., not -ain

   Skelmersdale
             Lancs., 'new town', 1962; -- (Baron)

   skep      basket, not skip

   skepsis   etc., use sc-

   skewbald  of two colours in irregular patches, usu. of horses, usu. white
             and a colour other than black. See also piebald

   ski/      pl. -s; as verb, -'d, -ing (no hyphens)

   skiagraphy
             etc., use scia-

   skier     person using skis. See also skyer

   skiey     use skyey

   skiing    see ski

   ski-joring
             sport in which skier is towed (hyphen)

   skilful   not skill-

   skilless  without skill (two ls)

   skinflint a miser (one word)

   skinhead  youth with close-cropped hair (one word)

   Skinner (Burrhus Frederic)
             b. 1904, US psychologist

   skip      basket, use skep

   skiver    (bind.), binding-leather split from the grain side of sheepskin

   Skopje    Yugoslavia

   skow      use scow

   Skriabin (Aleksandr Nikolayevich)
             1872-1915, Russian composer, not Scr-, Skry-

   Skt.      Sanskrit

   skulduggery
             trickery, not scul-, skull-

   skull-cap (hyphen)

   skull-less
             (hyphen, three ls)

   skurry    use scurry

   Skutari   use Sc-

   skyer     high ball at cricket. See also skier

   Skye terrier
             (cap. S)

   skyey     not skiey

   sky/jack, -lark, -light, -line, -scraper
             (one word)

19.13 SL...
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   SL        serjeant-at-law, solicitor-at-law

   SLADE     Society of Lithographic Artists, Designers, Engravers, and
             Process Workers

   slaked lime
             not slack-

   slalom    ski-race down zigzag course, not slallom

   Slamannan Central

   s.l.a.n.  sine loco, anno, vel nomine (without place, year, or name)

   slapdash  (one word)

   slap-happy
             (hyphen)

   slapstick (one word)

   S.lat.    south latitude

   slaty     like, or made of slate, not -ey

   Slav/ic, -onian, -onic
             of the Slavs, not Sc-; abbr. Slav.

   SLBM      submarine-launched ballistic missile

   sld.      sailed

   s.l.e.a.  sine loco et anno (without place or date)

   sledgehammer
             (hyphen)

   sleeping/ -bag, -pill, -suit
             (hyphens)

   sleight   of hand, not sli-

   slenderize
             not -ise

   Slesvig   W. Germany, use Schleswig

   sleuth-hound
             (hyphen)

   S level   examination (no hyphen)

   slew      to turn, not slue

   slily     use slyly

   slip proofs
             see proof (galley or slip)

   slipshod  (one word)

   slivovitz Balkan plum brandy

   Sloane (Sir Hans)
             1660-1753, English naturalist

   sloe/     (fruit of) blackthorn; -gin, liqueur of sloes (hyphen); -worm,
             use slow-

   sloid     system of manual training, esp. by wood-carving, not -jd, -yd

   sloot     use sluit

   sloping fractions
             (typ.), those with an oblique stroke as 1/2. See also fractions

   sloth     laziness; also (zool.) an animal

   Slough    Berks.

   slough    to shed

   slowcoach (one word)

   slow-worm not sloe- (hyphen)

   sloyd     use sloid

   s.l.p.    sine legitima prole (without lawful issue)

   slue      use slew

   slug      (typ.), a line of type cast as a single piece

   slug-abed lazy person (hyphen)

   sluit     (Afrik.), a narrow channel, not sloot

   slyly     not sli-

   slype     a passage between walls, esp. between south transept of
             cathedral and chapter house

19.14 SM...
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   SM        Sergeant- or Staff-Major, (mus.) short metre, (Fr.) Sa Majest‚
             (It.) Sua Maesta, (Sp.) Su Magestad (His, or Her, Majesty),
             (Ger.) Seine Majestat (His Majesty, (It. mus.) sinistra mano
             (the left hand)

   Sm        samarium (no point)

   sm.       small

   small capitals
             see capitals (small) and proof-correction marks; abbr. sc or s.
             caps.

   small pica
             (typ.), name for a former size of type, about 11 pt.

   smallpox  (one word)

   small royal
             former size of paper, 25 X 19 in.; 4to, 12 x 9 1/2 in.; 8vo, 9
             1/2 x 6 1/4 in.  (untrimmed); basis for size of metric royal,
             1272 x 960 mm. See also book sizes

   Smalls    Oxford 'Responsions' Examination

   smart alec
             not -eck, -ick (two words)

   SMD       (mus.), short metre double

   SME       Sancta Mater Ecclesia (Holy Mother Church)

   Smelfungus
             Sterne's name for Smollett (one l)

   smelling/ -bottle, -salts
             (hyphens)

   smell-less
             (hyphen, three ls)

   smelt     past of smell, not smelled

   smelt     a small sea-fish. See also smolt

   SMI       (Fr.), Sa Majast‚ Imperiale (His, or Her, Imperial Majesty)

   Smith (Sydney)
             1771-1845, English clergyman and wit; (Sir William Sidney),
             1764-1840, English admiral, defender of St Jean d'Acre

   Smithsonian Institution
             Washington, DC, US; abbr.  Smith. Inst.; founded 1846 from funds
             left by James Smithson, 1765-1829, English chemist

   SMM       Sancta Mater Maria (Holy Mother Mary)

   smok/e, -able, -y


   smolder   use smoulder

   Smollett (Tobias George)
             1721-71, Scottish physician and novelist

   smolt     a young salmon. See also smelt

   smooth/   (verb). -s, not -e, -es

   smorgasbord
             Scandinavian hors-d'oeuvres (not ital.), in Sw.  sm”rg†sbord

   smorzando (It. mus.) gradually dying away

   smoulder  not smol-

   s.m.p.    sine mascula prole (without male issue)

   Smyrna    in Turk. Izmir

   Smyrniot  (native) of Smyrna

   Smyth (Dame Ethel)
             1858-1944 English composer; (John), 1586-1612, founder of the
             English Baptists

   Smythe (Francis Sydney)
             1900-49, English mountaineer

19.15 Sn...
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   Sn        stannum (tin) (no point)

   s.n.      sub nomine (under a specified name)

   s.n.      sine nomine (without name)

   snapdragon
             a Christmas game; (bot.) antirrhinum (one word)

   snipe/    a gamebird, pl. -s and (collect.) same

   snivel/, -led, -ler, -ling


   snoek     (Afrik.), a barracouta

   snorkel/  device for underwater swimming etc., -ling, not schn-

   Snorri Sturluson
             1178-1241, Icelandic historian and poet. See also Heimskringla

   snow      (meteor.), abbr. s.

   snowball  (one word)

   snow-drift
             (hyphen)

   snow/drop, -fall, -flake, -man
             (one word)

   snow-shoe (hyphen)

   snowstorm (one word)

   SNP       Scottish National Party

   Snr.      use sen.

19.16 SO...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   SO        Staff Officer, Stationery Office, sub-office

   so        (mus.), use soh

   s.o.      seller's option, substance of

   s.o.      (Ger.), siehe oben (= see above)

   so-and-so/
             particular person not specified, pl. -'s; Mr So-and-so (one
             cap.)

   Soane's (Sir John) Museum
             London

   SOAS      School of Oriental and African Studies

   sobriquet nickname, not sou- (not ital.)

   Soc.      Socialist, Society, Socrates

   socage    feudal tenure of land, not socc-

   so-called (adj., hyphen)

   Socialist (cap. when name of polit. party); abbr. S. or Soc.

   socialize not -ise

   soci‚t‚/  (Fr. f.), society; -- anonyme, public company; Soci‚t‚ des
             Bibliophiles fran‡ois, founded 1820, not fran‡ais (l.c. f.)

   Society   abbr. S. or Soc.

   socio/-cultural, -economic, -linguistic
             (hyphens)

   sociol.   sociology

   socius    (Lat.), Fellow, Associate, abbr. S.; -- criminis, associate in
             crime

   socle     (archit.), base or plinth supporting column, statue, etc.

   Socotra   Indian Ocean, not -ora, Sok-

   Socrat/es 469-399 BC, Greek philosopher, not Sok-; adj. -ic; abbr. Soc.

   sodium    symbol Na (natrium)

   sodomize  not -ise

   Sodor and Man (Bp. of);
             Sodor & Man: his sig. (one colon)

   SOE       Special Operations Executive

   SOED      Shorter Oxford English Dictionary

   soeur/    (Fr. f.), sister, nun; -- de charit‚, a Sister of Mercy

   Sofar     sound firing and ranging (under water). See also Sonar

   soffit    (archit.), under-surface of arch

   Sofi      use Sufi

   Sofia     Bulgaria

   S. of S.  Song of Solomon

   softa     Muslim student of sacred law (not ital.)

   soft copy (comp.), transient reproduction of keyboard input on VDU (two
             words). See also hard copy

   S. of III Ch.
             Song of the Three Children (Apocr.)

   softie    silly weak person, not -y

   SOGAT     or Sogat, Society of Graphical and Allied Trades

   sogenannt (Ger.), so-called, abbr. sog.

   soh       (mus.), not so

   soi-disant
             (Fr.), self-styled (hyphen)

   soign‚/   (Fr.), fem. -‚e, well-groomed

   soir‚e/   an evening party; -- dansante, ditto with dancing; -- musicale,
             ditto with music (not ital.)

   Sokotra, Sokrates
             use Soc-

   Sol       (Lat.), the sun (cap.)

   Sol.      Solomon

   sol.      solicitor, solution

   sola      see solus

   solan goose
             the gannet. See also solen

   solarize  not -ise

   solati/um (Lat.), compensation; pl. -a

   sola topi (Ind.), a sun-helmet, not solar

   solecis/m a blunder in speaking, writing, or behaviour; adj.  -tic

   solecize  not -ise

   solemnize not -ise

   solen     a mollusc. See also solan

   solenoid  cylindrical wire coil as magnet

   sol-fa    (mus.) (hyphen); sol-faed

   solfegg/io
             (mus.), a sol-fa exercise for the voice; pl. -i

   solicitor abbr. sol. or solr.

   Solicitor-General
             (caps., hyphen); abbr. S.C. or Sol.-Gen.

   solicitude
             anxiety, concern; in Fr. f. sollicitude

   solid     (typ.), text matter set without extra spacing between lines or
             letters

   solid/us  (Lat.), shilling; pl. -i, abbr. s.; (typ.) the shilling stroke,
             used to denote alternatives (and/or) and ratios (miles/day). See
             also fractions

   soliloqu/y
             speech made regardless of hearers, pl. -ies; -ize, not -ise

   solmization
             (mus.), sol-fa system, not -sation

   sol/o     abbr. s.; pl. -os, It. mus.  pl. -i

   Solon     ?638-?558 BC, Athenian lawgiver

   solr.     solicitor

   soluble   that can be dissolved or solved

   sol/us    (theat.), fem. -a, alone

   solution  abbr. sol.

   Solutrean a palaeolithic culture, not -ian

   solvable  that can be solved, not -eable, -ible solvent, not -ant

   solvitur ambulando
             (Lat.), the question settles itself naturally

   Solzhenitsyn (Alexander Isayevich)
             b. 1918, Russian writer

   Som.      Somerset

   Somalia   NE Africa, indep.  1960; adj. Somali

   Somaliland
             (one word)

   sombrero/ (Sp.), broad-brimmed hat; pl. -s

   somebody  some person

   some body unspecified group of persons

   some/how, -one
             (one word)

   some one  (person, thing), when each word to retain its meaning (see
             Hart's Rules, p. 77)

   Somerby   Leics., Lincs.

   somersault
             not -set, summer-

   Somersby  Lincs., birthplace of Tennyson

   Somerset  English county, abbr. Som.

   Somers Town
             London (two words)

   Somerstown
             W. Sussex (one word)

   some/thing, -time, -what, -when, -where
             (one word)

   Son       (the), as Deity (cap.)

   son       abbr. s.

   sonar     sound navigation and ranging. See also Asdic, Sofar

   sonata/   (It. mus.),pl. -s

   Sondes (Earl
             not of)

   son et lumiЉre
             (Fr.), night entertainment with sound and light effects

   song/bird, -book
             (one word)

   song-cycle
             (hyphen)

   Song of Solomon
             abbr. S. of S.; -- of Songs, same as preceding; -- of the Three
             Children (Apocr.), abbr. S. of III Ch.

   songs (titles of)
             (typ.), to be roman quoted when cited

   son-in-law
             (hyphens) pl. sons-in-law

   Son of/ God, Son of Man
             (caps.)

   soochong  use sou-

   Soofee    use Sufi

   Sop.      soprano, -s

   Sophocles 495-406 BC, Greek playwright; abbr. Soph.

   sophomore (US), second-year student, not sophi-

   Sophy     a Persian ruler in the 16th and 17th cc. See also Sufi

   sopra     (It.), above

   sopranino/
             (It. mus.), instrument higher than a soprano, pl.  -s

   sopran/o  (It. mus.), pl. -os; It.  pl. -i; abbr. S. or Sop.

   Sorbonne  medieval theological college of Paris, now comprising three of
             the Paris universities with faculties of science and arts also

   sordin/o  (It. mus.), a mute, pl.  -i

   sorghum   tropical cereal grass, not sorgum

   sortes/   (Lat.), (divination by) lots; -- Biblicae or Sacrae, Homericae,
             Vergilianae, (divination from) random passages of Scripture,
             Homer, Virgil

   sorts     (typ.), pieces of type; special --, see accents. See also height
             to paper

   SOS       signal for help, pl. SOSs

   so-so     passable (hyphen)

   sostenuto/
             (It. mus.), (passage played) in sustained manner, pl.  -s

   Sotheby, Wilkinson, & Hodge (Messrs.)
             auctioneers, now Sotheby Parke Bernet & Co.

   sotto/    (It.), under; -- voce, in an undertone

   sou       former French coin of small value

   Soubirous (St Bernadette)
             1844-79, of Lourdes, French nun

   soubrette maid or other pert fem. part in (musical) comedy

   soubriquet
             use sob-

   souchong  a black tea, not soo-

   Soudan/   -ese, use Sud-

   souffl‚   (Fr.), light spongy dish using egg-whites

   souffleur (Fr. m.), theat. prompter

   souk      a Muslim market-place, not suk, sukh, suq

   Soul      Korea, use Seoul

   Soult (Nicolas Jean de Dieu)
             1769-1851, French marshal, Duke of Dalmatia

   sound barrier
             (two words)

   sound/-track, -wave
             (hyphens)

   soup‡on   a very small quantity (not ital.)

   souper    (Fr. m.), supper, not p‚.

   souteneur (Fr. m.), man living off prostitute

   south     abbr. S. See also capitalization, compass

   South/ Africa, -n
             abbr. S. Afr.  or SA; -- America/, -n, abbr.  S. Amer. or SA:
             South Australia/, -n, abbr. SA; -- Carolina, US, abbr. SC; --
             Dakota, US, off. abbr. S. Dak.  or (postal) SD

   southbound
             (one word)

   Southdown sheep and mutton (one word)

   South Downs
             Hants etc.

   south-east(ern)
             abbr. SE

   southeaster
             wind from south-east (one word)

   southern  abbr. S.

   Southern Africa
             geog. term, incl. Zimbabwe and other countries as well as
             Republic of South Africa

   southernwood
             species of wormwood

   Southern Yemen
             see Yemen (South)

   Southesk (Earl of)


   Southey (Robert)
             1774-1843, Poet Laureate 1813-43

   southpaw  left-handed (person) (one word)

   South Pole
             (caps.)

   South Wales
             abbr. SW

   Southwark or "The Borough", formerly in Surrey; Southwark:, sig. of Bp. of
             Southwark (colon)

   Southwell:
             sig. of Bp. of Southwell (colon)

   south-west(ern)
             abbr. SW

   South West Africa
             (three words)

   southwester
             wind from south-west (one word)

   sou'wester
             sailor's hat

   sovereign/, -s
             abbr. sov., sovs.

   soviet    (Russ.), an elected council, the basis of Russian governmental
             machinery since 1917; adj. (cap.), as in Soviet Russia.  See
             also USSR

   Soweto    Black township near Johannesburg

   Soxhlet   (chem.), an extraction apparatus

19.17 Sp....
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   Sp.       Spain, Spanish

   sp.       species (sing.), specimen, spelling, spirit

   s.p.      self-propelled, starting price

   s.p.      sine prole (without issue)

   S.p.A.    (It.), Societ… per Azioni (joint-stock company)

   space/craft
             (sing. and pl.), -man, -ship, -suit (one word

   spaces    (typ.), blanks between words or letters. See also
             proof-correction marks, letterspacing

   space/ station
             -- vehicle, -- walk (two words)

   space-time
             (hyphen)

   spacial   use spatial

   spaghetti strings of pasta (not ital.)

   spahi     Turkish horse-soldier, Algerian French cavalryman in Turk.
             sipahi

   Spain     abbr. Sp.

   Spalato   (Yugoslavia); now called Split

   spandrel  (archit.), space between curve of an arch and enclosing
             mouldings, not -il

   Spanish   abbr. Sp.; (typ.)  alphabet consists of 27 letters including ch,
             ll, and ¤, but does not include k and w; see accents; ch, ll,
             and rr must not be divided. The portions carried over to begin
             with a consonant.  Question and exclamation marks are inverted
             before and upright after their phrases. For further information
             see Hart's Rules, pp. 131-4

   Spanish n (¤), "curly n" or "n with the tilde"; pron. as ni in onion

   Spanish Town
             Jamaica

   spatial   not spacial

   SPCK      Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge

   SPE       Society for Pure English

   spearhead (one word)

   spec      colloq. for specification, speculation (no point)

   spec.     special, -ly, specific, -ally, -ation, specimen

   sp‚cialit‚
             (Fr. f.), a speciality (ital.)

   speciality
             in gen. senses, not specialty (q.v.)

   specialize
             not -ise

   special sorts
             see accents

   specialty (law), a contract under seal

   specie    coin, as distinct from paper money

   species   sing. and pl.; abbr. sp., pl. spp. See also botany, zoology

   specific gravity
             abbr. sp. gr.

   specimen  abbr. sp. or spec.

   specs     colloq. for spectacles

   Spectaclemakers Society
             (no hyphen, no apos.)

   spectr/um pl. -a

   speculat/e, or


   specul/um a mirror, (surg.)  instrument for, viewing body cavities,
             (ornith) bright patch on a bird's wing pl. -a

   speech-day
             (hyphen)

   speedboat (one word)

   spele/an  cave-dwelling (adj.); -ologist, -ology, not -ae

   spel(l)ican
             use spillikin

   spell     past and partic, spelled or spelt

   spellbound
             (one word)

   spencer   short double-breasted overcost, woollen jacket

   Spencer (Earl not of)


   Spencer (Herbert)
             1820-1903, English philosopher; -- (Sir Stanley), 1891-1959,
             English painter

   Spengler (Oswald)
             1880-1936, German philosopher of history

   Spen/ser (Edmund)
             1552-99, English poet; -serian, of the poet, his style, or his
             stanza

   Spetsai   Greece, not Spezzia

   spew      to vomit, not spue

   Speyer    W. Germany, not Spires

   Spezzia   use Spetsai (Greece) or La Spezia (Italy)

   sp. gr.   specific gravity

   spherical abbr. s.

   sphinx/   not sphy-; pl. -es (cap.  with ref. to Gr. myth.)

   spianato  (It. mus.), made smooth

   spick and span
             (three words)

   spicy     not -ey

   spiegando (It. mus.), "unfolding", becoming louder

   spiflicate
             (joc.), to trounce, not spiff-

   spiky     not -ey

   spill     past and partic. spilled or spilt

   spillikin splinter, not spel(l)ican

   spillway  passage for surplus water from dam (one word)

   spina bifida
             (med.), congenital defect of spine

   spinach   not -age

   spin/-dry, -drier
             (hyphens)

   spine     (bind.), that part of the case protecting the back of a book,
             and bearing -- lettering

   spinney   a thicket, not -ny

   spinning/-jenny, -wheel
             (hyphens)

   spin-off  (noun, hyphen) hyphen)

   Spinoz/a (Baruch)
             1632-77, Dutch philosopher; -ism

   spiraea   (bot.), an ornamental shrub

   Spires    W. Germany, use Speyer

   spirit    abbr. sp.

   spirito   (It. mus.), life, spirit

   spiritual of the spirit

   spiritualize
             not -ise

   spirituel marked by refinement and quickness of mind; fem. the same in
             Eng. (not ital)

   spirt     use spurt

   Spithead  strait between IW and Portsmouth

   Spitsbergen
             Arctic Ocean, not Spitz-

   spiv/     (slang), flashy petty black-marketeer; -ish, -very

   Split     Yugoslavia, formerly Spalato

   split fractions
             see fractions

   split infinitive
             the separation of "to" from its verb by other words, as "he used
             to often say".  Objected to by many, but the cure is often worse
             than the disease. See Modern English Usage, pp. 579-82

   Spode/ (Josiah)
             1754-1827, maker of -- china at Stoke

   Spohr (Louis)
             1784-1859, German composer

   spoil     past and partic. spoiled or spoilt

   spolia    (Lat.), spoils; -- opima, the richest spoils; also trophy won by
             generals of opposing armies in single combat

   spoliation
             not spoil-

   spond/ee  foot of two long syllables; adj. -aic

   sponge/-bag, -cake
             (hyphens)

   spongy    like sponge, not -gey

   spontane/ity, -ous


   spoon-feed
             (hyphen)

   spoonful/ pl. -s

   sporran   a kilt pouch

   spos/a    (It.), a bride, pl. -e; -o, bridegroom, pl. -i

   spotlight (one word)

   spp.      species (pl.)

   SPQR      Senatus Populusque Romanus (the Senate and Roman people); small
             profits and quick returns

   SPR       Society for Psychical Research

   Spr.      Sapper

   sprightly lively, not spritely

   spring (season of)
             (not cap.)

   springbok (Afrik.), an antelope, not -buck

   spring/tide, -time
             season of spring (one word)

   spring-tide
             tide of greatest range (hyphen)

   sprinkled edges
             (bind.), cut edges of books sprinkled with coloured ink

   spruit    (Afrik.), watercourse

   spry/     active; -er, -est, -ly, -ness

   s.p.s.    sine prole superstite (without surviving issue)

   spue      use spew

   spurry    slender plant, not -ey

   spurt     not spirt

   sputnik   a Russian earth satellite

   sput/um   expectorated matter; pl. -a

19.18 sq....
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   sq./      square; -- ft., -- feet; -- in., -- inches; -- m., -- metres, --
             miles; -- yd., -- yards (each sing. and pl.). These are not used
             in scientific and technical work

   Sqn.Ldr.  or Sqn/Ldr, Squadron Leader

   squacco/  small crested heron, pl. -s

   squalls   (meteor.), abbr. q-

   square    (bind.), that part of the case which overlaps the edges of a
             book

   square back
             (bind.), a book whose back has not been rounded (see rounding)

   square brackets
             see brackets

   square root
             (two words)

   squeegee  rubber-edged implement for sweeping wet surfaces.  not squil-

   squirearchy
             government (influenced) by landed proprietors, not -rarchy

19.19 SR...
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   SR        Southern Railway (prior to nationalization), -- Region

   Sr        strontium (no Point)

   Sr.       Sister, (Sp.) Se¤or

   sr.       senior, use sen.

   sr        steradian

   Sra.      (Sp.), Se¤ora

   SRC       Science Research Council, Students' Representative Council

   Sri Lanka "Resplendent Island", name of Republic of Ceylon since 1972

   Srinagar  Kashmir, not Ser-

   SRN       State Registered Nurse

   SRO       statutory rules and orders

   Srta.     (Sp), Se¤orita

19.20 SS...
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   SS        Saiists, Secretary of State, steamship, (Fr.) Sa Saintet‚ (His
             Holiness), (Ger.) Schutzstaffel (Nazi ‚lite corps)

   SS        (collar of), former badge of House of Lancaster, not esses

   ss.       subsection, (med.) half

   s.s.      screw steamer, (mus.) senza sordini (without mutes)

   SSAFA     Soldiers', Sailors', and Airmen's Families Association

   SSC       Solicitor to the Supreme Court

   SSE       south-south-east

   S.Sgt., S/Sgt.
             Staff Sergeant

   SSR       Soviet Socialist Republic

   SSRC      Social Science Research Council

   SST       supersonic transport

   SSW       south-south-west

19.21 St...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   St        Saint, in alphabetic arrangement to be placed under Saint, not
             St-; stokes

   St.       Strait, -s; Street; in Slavonic languages, Stari, old

   st.       stanza, stem, stone, strophe, (cricket) stumped

   s.t.      short ton (2,000 lb.)

   Sta.      Station

   Sta       (lt., Sp., Port. Santa (female saint) (no point)

   Staal (Gorges Fr‚d‚ric Charles, baron de)
             1824-1907.  Russian diplomat; -- (Marguerite Jeanne Cordier De
             Launay, baronne de), 1684-1750. French writer.  See also Sta‰l,
             Stahl

   "Stabat Mater"
             "the Mother was standing" (Catholic hymn)

   stabbing  (bind.), wire-stitching near the back edge of a closed section
             or pamphlet; the piercing of a book section prior to sewing or
             stitching

   stabilize not -ise

   staccato/ (It. mus.), in abrupt, detached manner; as noun, pl.  -s

   stadi/um  in anc. Greece a measure of length, a racecourse, pl.  -a; in
             mod. use a sports ground, pl. -ums

   Stadtholder
             Dutch governor, not Stadh-

   Sta‰l (Madame de)
             (in full, Sta‰l-Holstein, Anne Louise Germaine, baronne de, n‚e
             Necker), 1766-1817, French writer. See also Staal, Stahl

   staff/    a pole; (mus.) set of lines on which music is written, pl. -s or
             staves; a body of persons in authority, pl. -s. See also stave

   Staffs.   Staffordshire

   Staff Sergeant
             abbr. S.Sgt. or S/Sgt.

   stage-coach
             (hyphen)

   stagecraft
             (one word)

   stage/door, -- fright
             (two words)

   stage-manage/, -r
             (hyphens)

   staghound (one word)

   Stagirite (the)
             Aristotle, not Stagy-

   stag-party
             (hyphen)

   stagy     not -ey

   Stahl (Friedrich Julius)
             1802-61, German lawyer and politician; -- (Georg Ernst),
             1660-1734, German chemist.  See also Staal, Sta‰l

   staid     solemn. See also stayed

   Stakhanovite
             prodigious (esp.  Russian) worker (cap.)

   stalactite
             deposit hanging from roof of cave

   Stalag    German POW camp

   stalagmite
             deposit rising from floor of cave

   stalemate (one word)

   Stalingrad
             Russian city, previously Tsaritsyn, now Volgograd

   stamen/   (bot.), pl. -s

   stamina   power of endurance

   Stamp Office
             (two words)

   stanch    (verb), to check a flow.  See also staunch

   standardize
             not -ise

   Standards (British)
             see BSI

   standing type
             (typ.), type not yet distributed after use

   stand/-offish, -pipe
             (hyphens)

   stand/point, -still
             (noun) (one word)

   stannary  a tin mine

   stannum   tin, symbol Sn

   Stanstead Suffolk

   Stansted  Essex, Kent

   stanz/a   a group of rhymed lines; pl. -as; abbr. st.

   stapes    (anat.), a bone in the ear; pl. same

   star/     -red, -ring, -ry

   Starcross Devon (one word)

   star-dust (hyphen)

   star/fish, -light
             (one word)

   Stars and Stripes
             US flag

   "Star-Spangled Banner (The)"
             US National Anthem

   starting/-handle, -pistol, -point, -post
             (hyphens)

   starting price
             (two words)

   stat.     statics, statuary, statute

   State     (cap. of political community and in place-names)

   Staten Island
             New York, not Staa-; abbr. SI

   stater    an anc. Greek coin

   stateroom (one word)

   statesman/like, -ship
             (one word)

   statics   the science of forces in equilibrium (sing.)

   Station   abbr. Sta. or Stn.

   stationary
             not moving

   Stationers' Hall
             London (apos. after s)

   stationery
             paper etc.

   statistics
             the subject, sing.; numerical facts systematized, pl.

   stator    (elec.), a stationary part within which something revolves

   statuary  abbr. stat.

   status/   rank, pl. -es (not ital)

   status quo/
             (Lat.), the same state as now; -- -- ante, ditto as before

   statute   a written law; abbr.  stat.

   statute-book
             (hyphen)

   statutory not -ary

   staunch   firm, loyal. See also stanch

   stave/    staff (mus.), a snatch of song, a piece of wood in the side of a
             barrel; pl. -s. See also staff

   stay-at-home
             (adj. and noun, hyphens)

   stayed    stopped, remained. See also staid

   STB       Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Sacred Theology)

   STC       Senior (Officers') Training Corps, Short-Title Catalogue

   stchi     use shchi

   STD       Sacrae Theologiae Doctor (Doctor of Sacred Theology), Subscriber
             Trunk Dialling

   Ste       (Fr. f.), sainte (female saint) (no point)

   steadfast not sted-

   steamboat (one word)

   steam/-engine, -hammer
             (hyphens)

   steam radio
             (colloq.) (two words)

   steamroller
             (one word)

   steamship (one word), abbr.  ss

   steam train
             (two words)

   Steel     (Flora Annie), 1847-1929, Scottish novelist

   Steele (Sir Richard)
             1672-1729, English essayist and dramatist

   Steell (Gourlay)
             1819-94, Scottish painter; -- (Sir John), 1804-91, his brother,
             Scottish sculptor

   steenbok  (Afrik.), a small antelope, not steinbuck. See also steinbock

   steenkirk (hist.), a neck-cloth, not steinkirk

   steeplechase/
             cross-country horse-race; -r, horse or rider

   steeplejack
             (one word)

   Steevens (George)
             1736-1800, English Shakespearian commentator; -- (George
             Warrington), 1869-1900, English journalist. See also Stephen,
             Stephens, Stevens

   Stefansson (Vilhj lmur)
             1879-1962, Canadian Arctic explorer

   Steinbeck (Jollin Ernst)
             1902-68, US novelist

   Steinberg a hock (wine)

   steinbock Alpine ibex

   steinbuck use steenbok

   steinkirk use steen-

   stem      abbr. s. or st.

   stemm/a   a pedigree; pl. -ata

   stencil/, -led, -ler, -ling


   Stendhal  pseud. of Marie Henri Beyle, 1783-1842, French novelist

   step/brother, -child, -daughter
             -father, -mother (one word); step-parent (hyphen); step/sister,
             -son (one word)

   Stephen (Sir Leslie)
             1832-1904, English biographer and critic. See also Steevens,
             Stephens, Stevens

   stephengraph
             use stev-

   Stephens (Alexander Hamilton)
             1812-1950, Irish -- (James), 1882-1950, Irish poet and novelist.
             See also Steevens, Stephen, Stevens

   Stephenson (George)
             1781-1848, English locomotive engineer; -- (Robert), 1803-59,
             his son, English engineer (tubular bridges). See also Stev-

   steppe    treeless plain, esp. of Russia

   stepping-stone
             (hyphen)

   steradian unit of solid angle, abbr. sr

   stere     unit of volume, 1 cubic metre

   stereophonic
             of reproduction of sound by two channels, colloq.  stereo/, pl.
             -s

   stereotype
             (typ.), a plastic, lead alloy, or rubber duplicate plate cast
             from a matrix moulded from original relief printing material;
             colloq. stereo

   sterilize not -ise

   Sterling (John)
             1806-44, Scottish writer. See also Stir-

   sterling  (of money), of standard value; abbr. stg.

   Sterne (Laurence, not Law-)
             1713-68, English novelist

   stet/     (typ.), a Latin word meaning "let it stand", written in the
             proof margin to cancel an alteration, dots being placed under
             the deleted portion of text; as verb, -ted, -ting

   stetson   wide-brimmed felt hat

   Stettin   Ger. for Szczecin

   Steuart (Sir James Denham)
             1712-80, Scottish economist; -- (John Alexander), 1861-1932,
             Scottish journalist and novelist. See also Stewart, Stuart

   stevengraph
             colourful picture made of silk, not steph-

   Stevens (Alfred)
             1818-75, English sculptor; -- (Thaddeus), 1792-1868, US
             abolitionist; -- (Wallace), 1879-1955, US poet. See also
             Steevens, Stephen, Stephens

   Stevenson (Adlai Ewing)
             1835-1914, US Vice-President; -- (Adlai Ewing), 1900-65, his
             grandson, US politician; -- (Robert), 1772-1850, English
             lighthouse engineer; -- (Robert Louis Balfour), 1850-94, his
             grandson, Scottish novelist, essayist, and poet, abbr. R.L.S.
             See also Steph-

   Stewart   family name of Earl of Galloway; -- (Dugald), 1753-1828,
             Scottish metaphysician; -- (James), 1831-1905, Scottish African
             missionary. See also Steuart, Stuart

   Stewartry district of Dumfries & Galloway

   St.Ex.    Stock Exchange

   stg.      sterling

   stibium   antimony, symbol Sb-

   stichometry
             division into or measurement by lines of verse, not stycho-

   stichomythia
             dialogue in alternate lines of verse

   Stieglitz (Alfred)
             1864-1946, US photographer

   stigma/   a brand; pl. -s, but -ta with ref. to Christ's wounds

   stigmatize
             not -ise

   stilb     unit of luminance, abbr.  sb; in SI units I cd/cm to the power
             of 2

   stile     over a fence, vertical piece in framework. See also style

   stiletto/ a dagger; pl. -s

   still birth
             (two words)

   stillborn (one word)

   still life/
             pl. -s (hyphen when attrib.)

   stilly    adj. and adv. from still

   Stilton   (cheese) (cap)

   stilus    use stylus

   stimie    use stymie

   stimul/ate, -able


   stimul/us pl. -i

   stip.     stipend, -iary

   Stirling  town and district of Central

   Stirling (J. Hutchison not -inson)
             1820-1909, Scottish metaphysician; -- (Sir William Alexander,
             Earl of), ?1567-1640, Scottish poet. usu.  called William
             Alexander. See also Ster-

   stirp/s   lineage pl. -es

   stitching (bind.), the sewing together of all the sections of a book in a
             single operation. See also sewing

   Stn.      Station

   stoa/     (Gr. archit.) long building with colonnade; pl. -s; (cap.)
             philos. school of Zeno and the Stoics (see Stoic)

   Stock Exchange
             (caps.); abbr.  S/E, St. Ex., or Stock Ex.

   Stockhausen (Karlheinz)
             b.  1928, German composer

   stockholder
             (one word)

   stockinet an elastic fabric, not -ette, -inget

   stockpile (one word)

   stoep     (Afrik.), terrace attached to a house, not stoop

   Stoic/    (member) of Gr. philos.  school founded by Zeno in 4th C. BC,
             extolling virtue and suppressing passion, -ism; (gen., not cap.)
             person having great self-control in adversity, adj. -al

   stoichio/logy
             the doctrine of elements, not stoechio-, stoicheio-; -metric
             (chem.), having elements in fixed proportions; -metry (chem.),
             the proportion in which elements occur in a compound

   stoke/hold, - hole
             (one word)

   Stoke-on-Trent
             Staffs. (hyphens)

   stokes    unit of kinematic viscosity, abbr. St; in SI units 10 to the
             power of -4 metres to the power of 2 per second

   STOL      short take-off and landing

   ston/e    abbr. st.; -y

   stone     (typ.), table on which pages of type are imposed

   Stone House
             Cumbria

   Stonehouse
             Ches., Devon, Glos., Northumb., Strathclyde

   stonemason
             (one word)

   stonewall (verb), to obstruct (one word)

   Stonyhurst College
             Lancs.

   stoop     see stoep, stoup

   stop/cock, -gap
             (one word)

   stop-go   alternating process and lack of it (hyphen)

   stop/off, -over
             (nouns, one word)

   stop-press
             (hyphen)

   stop valve
             (two words)

   stop-watch
             (hyphen)

   storable  not -eable

   storage heater
             (two words)

   storehouse
             (one word)

   storey/   a horizontal division of a building; pl. -s; not story, -ies;
             -ed

   storied   celebrated in story, not -yed

   storiolog/y
             scientific study of folklore, not story-; -ist

   storm petrel
             (two words), not stormy --

   storm/-troops, -trooper
             (hyphens)

   Storting  legislative assembly of Norway

   story     (of a building), use storey

   story/-book, -line, -teller
             (hyphens)

   stoup     flagon, holy-water basin, not stoop

   Stow      (John), ?1525-1605, English historian

   stowaway  (one word)

   Stowe     village and school in Bucks.; -- (Harriet Elizabeth, n‚e
             Beecher), 1811-96, US writer

   Stow-on-the-Wold
             Glos. (hyphens)

   STP       Sacrae Theologiae Professor (Professor of Sacred Theology);
             standard temperature and pressure

   Str.      Strait, -s

   str.      stroke (oar)

   Strachey  family name of Baron O'Hagan; -- (Giles Lytton), 1880-1932,
             English biographer

   Strad     colloq. for Stradivarius (violin) (cap., no point)

   Stradbroke (Earl of)


   Stradivarius
             an instrument of the violin family made by Antonio Stradivari
             (in Latin Antonius Stradivarius), of Cremona, c.1644-1737;
             colloq.  Strad

   Strafford (Earl of)


   straightforward
             (one word)

   strait/,-s
             cap. when with name; abbr. St. or Str.

   strait/-jacket, -laced
             not straight- (hyphens)

   Straits Settlements
             now a component of Malaysia

   Stranraer Dumfries & Galloway

   strappado/
             form of torture, pl.  -s; as verb, ed, -ing

   Strasburg English form of Fr.  Strasbourg, Ger. Strassburg

   Stratford-upon-Avon
             War., not -on- (hyphens)

   Strath    written separately when referring to the strath itself as Strath
             Spey

   Strathclyde
             ancient kingdom and modern region in Scotland; university, 1964;
             -- (Baron)

   strathspey
             Scottish dance

   stratosphere
             the upper atmosphere, where temperature is constant

   strat/um  a layer; pl. -a

   strat/us  a low layer of cloud, pl.  -i, abbr. s.

   Straus (Oskar)
             1870-1954, Austrian-born composer

   Strauss (Johann I)
             1804-49, Austrian composer of Viennese waltzes; -- (Johann II),
             1825-99, his son, the best known of the family; -- (Joseph),
             1827-70, and -- (Eduard), 1835-1916, also sons of Johann I; --
             (Johann III), 1866 1939, son of Johann II; -- (Richard Georg),
             1864-1949, German composer of operas, songs, and orchestral
             works

   Stravinsky (Igor Fyodorovich)
             1882-1971, Russian-born composer

   Streatfeild
             family name, not -field

   street    (typ.), name of to have initial caps., as Regent Street; spell
             out when a number, as Fifth Avenue; number of house in, not to
             be followed by any point, as 6 Fleet Street; abbr.  St.

   stretto/  (mus.), (passage played) in quicker time, pl. -s

   strew     to scatter, not strow; partic. strewed or strewn

   stri/a    (anat., geol), a stripe; pl.  -ae

   strike/-on
             (comp.), composition on typewriters using carbon ribbons
             (hyphen); see also golf-ball; -- -through (typ.), the
             penetration of ink into paper

   Strine    comic transliteration of Austral. speech (cap.)

   stringendo
             (mus.), pressing, accelerating the speed

   stripping-in
             (typ.), in filmsetting, the correction of small composition
             errors by the excision and careful replacement of the film
             containing them

   strip-tease
             (hyphen)

   stripy    having stripes, not -ey

   strive    past strove, partic. striven

   Stroganoff
             (cook.), (designating) dish of meat cooked in sour cream (cap.)

   strontium symbol Sr

   Strood    Kent

   Stroud    Glos., Hants

   strow     use strew

   'struth   colloq. for God's truth (apos.)

   Struwwelpeter
             German child's book

   strychnine
             not -in

   Sts       Saints

   Stuart (House of); -- (Leslie)
             1866-1928, pseud. of Thomas Barrett, English composer. See also
             Steuart, Stewart

   stucco/   (to apply) plaster coating to wall surfaces; pl. -es; as verb,
             -es, -ed

   StЃck     (Ger. n.), a piece

   student   name for fellow of Christ Church, Oxford

   studio/   pl. -s

   stumbling-block
             (hyphen)

   stupefy   not -ify

   Sturluson see Snorri

   Sturm-und-Drang
             (Ger.), storm and stress (no hyphens)

   Sturm-und-Drang-Periode
             German romanticism of the late eighteenth century (three
             hyphens)

   Stuttgart W. Germany, not StЃ-, -ard

   Stuyvesant (Peter)
             1592-1672, Dutch colonial governor

   sty       inflamed swelling on eyelid; enclosure for pigs; not stye; pl.
             sties

   stycho/metry, -mythia
             use sticho-

   Stygian   (as) of the River Styx

   style     custom, manner, etc. See also house style, stile

   stylize   not -ise

   stylus/   needle-like device used in playing gramophone records, pl. -es,
             not sti-

   stymie    to thwart, obstruct, an obstruction; not sti-, -my

   Styx      (Gr. myth), a river in Hades

   s.u.      (Ger.), siehe unten (= see below)

19.22 Suabia...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Suabia    use Swa-

   suable    that can be sued, not -eable

   Suakin    Sudan, not -im

   suaraj    use swaraj

   suaviter in modo
             (Lat.), gently in manner. See also fortiter in re

   sub/      colloq. for subaltern, sub-editor, submarine, subscription,
             substitute; as verb, to act as substitute, to sub-edit, -bed,
             -bing

   sub       (Lat.), under

   subahdar  (Ind.), a native captain

   subaltern officer below rank of captain; colloq. sub

   subaudi   (Lat.), understand, supply

   sub/-basement, -branch
             -breed (hyphens)

   sub/class, -committee, -conscious
             -contract, -deacon, -dean, -divide, -division (one word)

   sub-edit/, -or, -orial
             (hyphens)

   sub finem (Lat.), towards the end, abbr. s.f.

   subfusc/, -ous
             dark, esp. of formal clothing at some universities

   sub/genus, -heading
             (one word)

   subj.     subject, -ive, -ively, subjunctive

   sub judice
             (Lat.), under consideration

   subjunctive
             abbr. subj.

   sub/kingdom, -lease, -let
             (one word)

   sub-lieutenant
             abbr. Sub-Lt.  (cap. as title)

   Sublime Porte
             (hist.), Turkish Court and Government

   sub-machine-gun
             (two hyphens)

   submicroscopic
             (one word)

   sub/modo  (Lat.), in a qualified sense; -- nomine, under a specified name,
             abbr. s.n.

   subnormal (one word)

   sub-plot  (hyphen)

   subpoena/ (to serve) a writ commanding attendance pl. -s; as verb, -ed,
             not -pena (one word, not ital.)

   sub rosa  (Lat.), under the rose, privately

   subscript (symbol) written below.  See also iota

   subscription
             colloq. sub

   subsection
             (one word); abbr.  subsec.

   subsequence
             noun from subsequent, that which follows

   sub-sequence
             sequence that is part of a larger one

   subsidize to pay a subsidy to, not -ise

   subsidy   a grant of public money

   sub sigillo
             (Lat.), in the strictest confidence

   sub silentio
             (Lat.), in silence

   sub/sonic, -species
             abbr.  subsp. (sing.), subspp. (pl.), -standard (one word)

   substance (amount of)
             symbol n

   substantive
             abbr s., sb., or subs-

   substitute
             colloq. sub

   substrat/um
             pl. -a

   sub/structure, -terranean
             (one word)

   subtil/, -e
             use subtle in all senses

   subtilize to rarefy, not -ise

   subtitle  (one word)

   subtl/e   fine, rarefied, elusive, cunning; er, -est, -ety, -y, not
             subtil-

   subtopia  suburban development regarded unfavourably

   sub/total, -tropical
             (one word)

   Suburbia  suburbs and their inhabitants (cap.)

   sub/voce  or -- verbo (Lat.), under a specified word; abbr.  s.v.

   subway    (one word)

   succeeded abbr. s.

   succЉs/ de scandale
             (Fr. m.), success due to being scandalous; -- d'estime, success
             with more honour than profit; -- fou, extravagant success

   Succoth   Jewish Feast of Tabernacles

   suchlike  (one word)

   sucking-pig
             (hyphen)

   sud       (Fr. m.), south; abbr. s.

   SЃd       (Ger. m.), south; abbr. S.  (cap.)

   Sudan/    indep. 1956; adj. -ese; not Sou-

   Sudra     Hindu labourer caste

   Su‰ (EugЉne)
             1804-57, French playwright

   su/e, -ed, -ing


   SuЉde     Fr. for Sweden, adj. su‚dois

   suede     dull-dressed kid, as for gloves (no accent)

   Suetonius (Gaius Tranquillus)
             c.70-c.160, Roman biographer and antiquarian; abbr. Suet.

   suff.     suffix

   suffic/it (Lat.), it is sufficient; pl.  -iunt

   Sufi      a Muslim mystic, not Sofi, Soofee. See also Sophy

   sugar/-bowl, -cane
             (hyphens)

   suggestible
             open to suggestion, not -able

   suggestio falsi
             (Lat.), an indirect lie

   sui/generis
             (Lat.), (the only one or ones) of his, her, its, or their own
             kind; -- juris, of full age and capacity

   suisse/   (Fr. adj.), of Switzerland, (m., cap.) Swiss man, (not cap.)
             beadle of a church; fem. -sse; la Suisse, Fr. for Switzerland

   suite     a set of rooms, attendants, or musical pieces (not ital.)

   suivez    (mus.), follow the soloist

   suk(h)    use souk

   Sulawesi  Indonesia, formerly Celebes

   Suleiman the Magnificent
             ?1495-1566, Sultan of Turkey

   Sully Prudhomme (Ren‚ Fran‡ois Armand)
             1839-1907, French poet and critic

   sulpha    class of drugs

   sulph/ur  symbol S; -ate, -ite, -uretted, -urize, not -ise

   sultan/   a Muslim ruler, fem. -a; Sultan (the), of Turkey, till 1922;
             abbr. Sult.

   Sultanpur India

   sum       (math.)

   sumac     (bot.), an ornamental tree, not sh-, -ach, -ack

   Sumburgh Airport
             Shetland

   Sumer/    Babylonia; adj. -ian

   summarize not -ise

   summer    (not cap.)

   summersault
             use somer-

   summer-time
             the summer season (hyphen); British Summer Time, one hour in
             advance of GMT, in summer only, 1922-67, and from 1972 (three
             words). See also BST

   summonsed (law), issued with a summons, not -oned

   summum bonum
             (Lat.), the supreme good

   Sumter (Fort)
             SC, US

   sun       cap. only in astronomical contexts and in a list of planets;
             abbr.S.

   Sun.      Sunday

   sun/bathe, -beam
             (one word)

   sun-bonnet
             (hyphen)

   sunburn/, -t
             or -ed (one word)

   sundae    ice-cream with crushed fruit and nuts

   Sunday    abbr. Sun.

   sun/dial, -down
             (one word)

   sun-dress (hyphen)

   sunflower (one word)

   sun/-glasses, -god, -hat
             (hyphens)

   sunlight  (one word)

   sunn      E.Indian fibre

   Sunna     traditional Muslim law, not -ah

   Sunni     an orthodox Muslim, also collect. pl., not -ee; also Sunnite

   sun/rise, -set, -shade, -shine, -spot, -stroke
             (one word)

   sun/-tan, -trap
             (hyphens)

   suo/jure  (Lat.) in one's own right; -- loco, in its own place

   sup.      superior, supine

   sup.      (Lat.), supra (above)

   superannu/ate, -able
             (one word)

   supercalendered paper
             highly polished but not coated; abbr. SC.

   supercargo/
             person in ship managing sales, pl. -es (one word)

   supercede use -sede

   super-ego/
             (psych.). part of mind that exerts conscience, pl.  -s (hyphen)

   superexcellen/ce, -t
             (one word)

   superficies
             a surface, pl. same

   superhuman
             (one word)

   superintendent
             abbr. supt.

   superior  abbr. sup.

   superiors (typ.), small characters set above ordinary characters

   superl    superlative

   super/man, -market, -natural, -power, -script
             (one word)

   supersede to set aside, take the place of not -cede

   super/sonic, -structure, -tanker
             (one word)

   supervise not -ize

   supervisor
             not -er

   supine    abbr. sup.

   supple/, -ly
             not supply

   supplement
             abbr. suppl.

   suppositious
             hypothetical, assumed

   supposititious
             spurious

   suppository
             a medicated plug, not -ary

   suppressio veri
             (Lat.), suppression of the truth

   suppressor
             not -er

   supr.     supreme

   supra     (Lat.), above, formerly; abbr. sup.

   supr€me   (Fr. f.), a method of cooking, with a rich cream sauce

   Supreme Court
             (US)

   supremo/  leader or ruler, pl. -s

   supt.     superintendent

   suq       use souk

   sur-      (Fr. prep.), upon; abbr. s/ in addresses

   sura      a chapter of the Koran (cap. for particular chapters)

   Surabaya  Indonesia

   surah     a thin silk fabric

   Surat     Bombay, India

   surcingle a belt

   S–ret‚    Paris, the French CID

   surfboard (one word)

   surf-riding
             (hyphen)

   surg/eon, -ery, -ical
             abbr.  surg.

   Surgeons (Royal College of)
             abbr. RCS

   surmise   conjecture, not -ize

   surplus   abbr. S.

   surprise  not -ize

   sursum corda
             (Lat.), (lift) up your hearts

   Surtees (Robert Smith)
             1805-64, English fox-hunting novelist

   surtout   an overcoat

   surv.     survey/ing, -or, surviving

   Surv.-Gen.
             Surveyor-General

   survivor  not -er

   sus/      slang for suspect, suspicion; -- out, to reconnoitre, -sed,
             -sing

   Susanna   (Apocr.), abbr. Sus.

   susceptible
             not -able

   suspender not -or

   sus. per coll.
             (Lat.), suspen/sio (-sus, -datur) per collum, hanging (hanged,
             let him be hanged) by the neck

   Susquehanna River
             New York State, US, not -ana

   Sutlej    Punjab river

   suttee    (custom of) Hindu widow immolating herself on husband's pyre,
             not sati

   suum cuique
             (Lat.), let each have his own

   Suwannee River
             Ga. & Fla., US, not Swa-

19.23 SV...
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   SV        Sancta Virgo (Holy Virgin), Sanctitas Vestra (Your Holiness)

   s.v.      sub voce, or verbo (under a word or heading, as in a dictionary)
             sailing vessel

   SVA       Incorporated Society of Valuers and Auctioneers

   svelte    (Fr.), elegant

   Svendsen (Johan Severin)
             1840-1911, Norwegian composer

   Sverige   Swedish for Sweden

   s.v.p.    (Fr.), s'il vous plaЊt (if you please)

19.24 SW...
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   SW        South Wales, south-west(ern)

   Sw.       Swed/en, -ish

   Swabia    W. Germany, not Su-

   Swahili   a people and language of Zanzibar and the coast opposite

   Swammerdam (Jan)
             1637-80, Dutch naturalist

   Swanee    use Suwannee

   swansdown (one word)

   swan-song (hyphen)

   swap      to exchange, not -op

   SWAPO     South West Africa People's Organization

   swaraj    self-govt. for India, not su-

   swash     (typ.), (of) letters with elaborate tails or flourishes

   swat      to hit sharply. See also swot

   swath     a line of cut grass

   swathe    to bind

   Swazi/, -land
             S. Africa, indep.  1968

   swede     a kind of turnip (not cap.)

   Sweden    abbr. Sw., in Swed.  Sverige, in Fr. SuЉde. See also Assemblies

   Swedenborg (Emanuel)
             1688-1772, Swedish philosopher

   Swedish   abbr. Sw.; (typ.) alphabet contains Ger. „, ”, and "Swedish a"
             (Џ, †) pron.  somewhat as aw. In alph.  arrangement †, „, ”, are
             put after z. The acute accent may be used to mark an accented
             syllable

   sweepback (of aircraft's wings) noun and adj. (one word)

   Sweet (Henry)
             1845-1912, English philologist. See also Swete

   sweet-and-sour
             (cook. adj., hyphen)

   sweet/bread, -heart, -meal, -meat
             (one word)

   sweet-william
             (bot.) (hyphen, not caps.)

   swelled rule
             (typ.), a role wider in centre than at ends. See also rule

   Swete (Henry Barclay)
             1835-1917, English biblical scholar.  See also Sweet

   Sweyn     name of three Danish kings

   SWG       standard wire gauge

   swimming/-bath, -pool
             (hyphens)

   Swinburne (Algernon Charles)
             1837-1909, English poet

   Swinden   N. Yorks.

   Swindon   Glos., Staffs., Wilts.

   swing-door
             (hyphen)

   swingeing hard (blow)

   swing-wing
             (of aircraft) (hyphen)

   Swinton   Gr. Manch., N. Yorks., S. Yorks., Borders

   switchboard
             (one word)

   Swithun/ (St)
             Bp. of Winchester 852-62, not -in; -'s Day, 15 July

   Switzerland
             abbr. Switz.; in Fr. Ia Suisse, in Ger. die Schweiz, in It.
             Svizzera. See also Assemblies

   swivel/, -led, -ling


   swizz/    (slang), a swindle, a disappointment, pl. -es, not swiz

   swop      to exchange, use swap

   sword/-dance, -stick
             (hyphens)

   swordfish (one word)

   swot      to study hard. See also swat

   SWP       Socialist Workers' Party

   swung dash

19.25 SY...
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   SY        steam yacht

   Sybil     Christian name. See also sibyl

   sycamine  (NT, AV), the black mulberry-tree

   sycamore  (bot.), a kind of fig-tree, Ficus sycomoros (sycomore in Bible):
             (Eur. and Asia) an ornamental shade-tree, the sycamore maple,
             Acer pseudoplatanus; (US) a plane tree, Platanus

   syce      (Anglo-Ind.), a groom. See also sice

   sycomore  see sycamore

   Sydney    NSW, Australia. See also Sidney

   Sydney Heads
             two cliffs

   Sykes     see Si-

   syllab/ication
             not -ification; -ize, not -ise

   syllabub  not sill-

   syllabus/ pl. -es

   sylleps/is
             (gram.), application of a word in differing senses to two others
             (he caught his train and a cold), pl. -es

   syllogism a logical argument of two premisses and a conclusion

   syllogize to argue by syllogism, not -ise

   sylvan    use si-

   Sylvester (James Joseph)
             1814-97, English mathematician; -- (Josuah), 1563-1618, English
             poet

   sylvicultur/e, -ist
             use si-

   symbolize not -ise

   symmetr/ic, -ical, -ize
             not -ise

   sympathique
             (Er.), congenial, having the right artistic feeling for

   sympathize
             not -ise

   symposi/um
             a drinking-party (obs. in this sense except, with cap., as title
             of one of Plato's Socratic dialogues), a conference, a
             collection of views on a topic; pl. -a

   syn.      synonym, -ous

   synaeres/is
             (gram.), contraction of two vowels, pl. -es, not -neresis

   synagog/ue
             an assembly ofJews for worship, their place of worship; adjs.
             -al, -ic

   synchromesh
             system of gearwheel design

   synchronize
             to (cause to) coincide in time, not -ise; colloq.  sync, not
             synch

   syncope   (gram.) a cutting short, (med.) a fainting

   syndrome  a collection of concurrent symptoms

   synonym/  a word with the same meaning as another; -ous, abbr. syn.; -ize,
             not-ise; -y not -e, -cy

   synops/is a summary; pl. -es

   Synoptic Gospels
             Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which relate the events from the same
             point of view

   synthes/ist, -ize
             not synthet-, -ise

   syphon    use si-

   Syr.      Syria, -c, -n

   syr.      syrup

   syren     use si-

   Syriac    abbr. Syr.; has 22 letters, besides vowel points, reads from
             right to left, and is set as Hebrew.  There are three forms of
             type, Estrangelo, Jacobite, Nestorian

   Syringa   (bot.) the lilac genus

   syringa   the mock orange

   syringe/  instrument for squirting or injecting; -ing; not si-

   syrin/x   pan-pipe, (anat.) a narrow tube from throat to ear-drum, the
             vocal organ of birds, (archaeol.) a narrow gallery in rock; pl.
             -xes or -ges

   syrup     not sir-; abbr. syr.

   syst.     system

   system/atic
             methodical; -atize, not -ise; -ic (physiol.), of the bodily
             system as a whole

   syzygy    (astr.), the moon being in conjunction or opposition

19.26 Szczecin...
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   Szczecin  Poland; in Ger. Stettin

   Szigeti (Joseph)
             1892-1973, Hungarian violinist

   Szymanowski (Karol)
             1883-1937, Polish composer

20.0 T
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20.1 T...
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   T         tesla, (as prefix) tera-, tritium; the nineteenth in a series

   T.        Tenor, Territory, Testament, (It. mus.) tace (be silent)

   t.        ton, -s, (but no point in scientific and technical work), tonne,
             -s, town, -ship, tun, -s, (Fr.) tome (volume), tonneau (ton),
             (Lat.)  tempore (in the time of), (mos.)  tempo (time), tenor/e,
             -i (tenor, -s), (meteor.) thunder

   't        (Do.), het (the, n.) as van't Hoff

   T         temperature

   t         time

20.2 TA...
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   TA        Territorial Army

   Ta        tantalom (no point)

   Tabago    use To-

   table/alphab‚tique
             (Fr. typ.  f.), index; -- des matiЉres, table of contents

   tableau/  picturesque presentation, dramatic situation, pl. -x; -- vivant,
             still silent group representing scene, pl. -x vivants (not
             ital.)

   table-cloth
             (hyphen)

   table d'h“te
             fixed meal for guests at hotel, pl. tables --

   tableland (one word)

   tablespoonful/
             pl. -s, abbr.  tbsp.

   table tennis
             (two words)

   table-top (hyphen)

   tablier   (Fr. m. hist.), apron-like part of woman's dress

   taboo/    (something) forbidden, to prohibit, a prohibition, not -u; -ed,
             -s

   tabor     small drum, not -our

   tabouret  drum-shaped stool, not -oret

   tabul/a   (Lat.), a document, pl.  -ae; tabul/a ras/a, a blank surface,
             pl. -ae -ae

   tabulat/e, -or


   Tac.      Tacitus

   tac-au-tac
             (fencing), parry and riposte (hyphens, not ital.); but du tac au
             tac (Fr. fig.), from defence to attack (no hyphens, ital.)

   tace      (mus.), be silent; abbr. T.

   tacet     (mus.), is silent

   tachism   action painting, in Fr.  m. tachisme

   tacho/    colloq. for tachometer, pl. -s

   tachograph
             device for recording speed and travel-time of vehicle

   tachometer
             instrument for measuring speed of rotation

   tachymeter
             instrument in surveying

   Tacitus (Gaius Cornelius)
             c.55-120, Roman historian; abbr. Tac.

   Tadjikistan
             a Soviet Socialist Republic, not Tadzh-, Taj-. See also USSR

   taedium vitae
             (Lat.), weariness of life

   Tae-ping  use Taiping (one word)

   taffeta   a fabric, not the many variants

   tagetes   (bot.), a type of marigold, not -ete; pl. same

   tagliatelle
             (It.), pasta in ribbons, not -elli

   Tagore (Rabindranath)
             1861-1941, Indian poet

   Tahiti    island, Pacific Ocean

   tahr      use thar

   tail      (typ.), blank space at the bottom of a page. See also margins

   tailback  queue of vehicles in traffic jam (one word)

   tail/-gate, -lamp, -light
             (hyphens)

   taille/   (Fr. f.), engraving, also size, etc.; -- douce, copperplate
             engraving

   tailpiece (typ.), the design at the end of a section, chapter, or book

   tail/pipe, -plane
             (one word)

   tailstock adjustable part of lathe holding spindle (one word)

   Tain      Highland

   Taine (Hippolyte Adolphe)
             1828-93, French historian and lit. critic

   Taipei    capital of Taiwan, q.v.

   Taiping   rebellion, 1850-64, not Tae-

   Tait (Archibald Campbell)
             1811-82, Abp. of Canterbury; -- (Peter Guthrie), 1831-1901,
             Scottish mathematician and physicist. See also Tate

   Taiwan    formerly Formosa

   Tajikistan
             use Tadj-

   Taj Mahal mausoleum at Agra, India, not -- Me-

   take      (typ.), single batch of copy or of proofs

   take-away (noun and adj., hyphen)

   take-home pay
             (one hyphen)

   take/-off, -over
             (hyphens)

   Tal       (Ger. n.), valley, not now Th-

   Talbot of Malahide (Baron)


   tales     (law), a suit for summoning jurors to supply a deficiency;
             tales/man, one so summoned, pl. -men

   Talfourd (Sir Thomas Noon)
             1795-1854, English playwright, biographer, and author of the
             Copyright Act of 1842

   Taliesin  6th c., Welsh bard

   talisman/ a charm, amulet pl.  -s

   talis qualis
             (Lat.), such as it is

   Talleyrand-P‚rigord (Charles Maurice de)
             1754-1838, French politician

   Tallinn   cap. of Estonian SSR, formerly Reval

   Tallis (Thomas)
             ?1505-85 English composer, not Talys, Tallys; Tallis's canon, a
             hymn-tune

   tally-ho/ pl. -s (hyphen)

   Talmud    Hebrew laws and legends

   Tal-y-llyn
             Gwynedd, Powys (two hyphens)

   TAM       Television Audience Measurement

   Tam.      Tamil

   tam       colloq. for tam-o'-shanter (no point)

   tambourin a long narrow drum of Provence, (music for) a dance accompanied
             by it

   tambourine
             a small drum, with jingling metal discs, beaten with the hand

   tameable  not -mable

   Tamerlane 1336-1405, Mongol conqueror (but Tamburlaine in Marlowe)

   Tameside  district, Greater Manchester

   Tamil     S. Indian language not -ul; abbr. Tam.

   Tammany Hall
             Democratic Party HQ, New York, not Tama-

   "Tam o' Shanter"
             poem by Burns (caps small o apos., no hyphen)

   tam-o'-shanter
             a woollen cap (hyphens, apos.); colloq. tam

   tampion   plug for muzzle of guil or top of organ-pipe, not to-

   tampon    (med.), absorbent plug

   tan       (math.), langent (no point)

   Tananarive
             use Antananarivo

   T. & A.V.R.
             Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve

   T'ang     Chin. dynasty

   tangerine orange
             not tangier-

   tangible  not -eable

   Tangier   Morocco, not -iers

   tango/    pl. -s

   tanh      (math.), hyperbolic tangent (no point)

   Tanjor/, -e
             India, use Thanjavur

   Tannh„user
             opera by Wagner, 1845

   tanrec    use tenrec

   tantalize not -ise

   tantalum  symbol Ta

   tant/mieux
             (Fr.), so much the better; -- pis, so much the worse

   Tanzania  (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), formed 1964

   Taoiseach Prime Minister, Republic of Ireland

   Taoism    doctrine of Lao-tzu, not Tѓ-, Ta”- (one word)

   tap-dance (hyphen)

   tape-record
             (verb, hyphen)

   tape record/er, -ing
             (two words)

   tapis (sur le or on the)
             (Fr.), under consideration, or discussion

   tapisserie
             (Fr. f), tapestry

   taproom   (one word)

   tap-water (hyphen)

   taradiddle
             petty lie, pretentious nonsense, not tarra-

   tarantella
             an Italian dance, the music for it

   tarantism dancing mania

   tarantula a spider

   Tarbert   Strathclyde, Western Isles, Co. Kerry; (river), Highland

   Tarbet    Loch Lomond, Strathclyde, and Loch Nevis, Highland

   tariff    duty on particular goods, not -if

   tarlatan  a muslin, not -etan

   Tarmac    propr. term for tar macadam; part of airfield made of this
             (cap.); tarmac/, to cover with Tarmac (not cap.); -ked

   tarot     card-game or trump in this, not -oc

   tarpaulin waterproof cloth, orig. of tarred canvas, not -ing

   Tarpeian Rock
             anc. Rome

   tarradiddle
             use tara-

   Tarragona Spain

   tarry     covered with or like tar, not tary

   Tartar/   an inhabitant of Tartary, an intractable person, not Tatar; adj.
             -ian

   tartar/   a deposit on the teeth; adj. -ic

   tartar sauce
             not tartare

   Tartar/us (Gr. myth.), the place of punishment in Hades; adj.  -ean

   Tartary   properly, but less usually, Tatary, a region of W. Asia and E.
             Europe

   Tartuffe (Le)
             play by MoliЉre, 1669

   Tartuff/e religious hypocrite, adj. -ian (Fr. m. tartufe)

   Tas.      Tasmania

   task/master, -mistress
             (one word)

   Tasmania  abbr. Tas.

   Tass      the Soviet news agency

   taste-bud (hyphen)

   ta-ta     colloq. for good-bye (hyphen)

   Tatar     use Tartar

   Tate/ (Nahum)
             1652-1715, Irish poet and playwright; -- (Sir William Henry),
             1842-1921, English industrialist; -- Gallery, London. See also
             Tait

   tatterdemalion
             a ragged fellow, not -ian

   Tattersalls
             London (-s' only in the possessive case)

   tattoo/   design on the skin, not the many variants; -ed, -er, ing, -s

   tattoo/   drumbeat, call to quarters, mil. parade by night; pl. -s

   Tauchnitz (Karl Christoph)
             1761-1836, founded at Leipzig, 1796, publishing firm famous for
             editions of Latin and Greek authors; -- (Christian Bernhard,
             Baron von), 1816-95, founded at Leipzig, 1837, the Librairie
             Bernhard Tauchnitz, famous for reprints of British and US
             authors, banned in Britain and US because of copyright
             infringements

   tau cross the T

   tausend   (Ger.), thousand

   taut      (naut.), tight, in good condition, not -ght

   tautologize
             to repeat oneself in different words, not -ise

   tavern (name of)
             see hotel

   tawny     tan-colour, not -ey

   tax-free  (hyphen)

   tax haven (two words)

   taxi/, -ing


   tax/on    a laxonomic group, pl.  -a

   taxpayer  (one word)

   tax return
             (two words)

   Taylor Institution
             Oxford, not Taylorian, not Institute

   Taylour   family name of Marquess of Headfort

   Tayside   region of Scotland (one word)

   tazz/a    bowl or cup, pl. -e

20.3 TB...
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   TB        torpedo-boat, tuberculosis (tubercle bacillus)

   Tb        terbium (no point)

   Tbilisi   cap. of Georgia, USSR, not Tiflis

   T-bone    (hyphen)

   tbsp.     tablespoonful

20.4 Tc...
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   Tc        technetium (no point)

   TCD       Trinity College, Dublin

   Tchad (Lake etc.),
             use Chad

   Tchaikovsky (Peter Ilich)
             1840-93, Russian composer

   Tchebyshev, Tchekoff etc.
             use Che-

20.5 TD
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   TD        Territorial Decoration, (Ir.)  Teachta D la (Member of the D il)

20.6 Te...
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   Te        tellurium (no point)

   te        tonne, -s

   te        (mus.), not si, ti

   tea/-bag, -chest
             (hyphens)

   tea/cake, -cup
             (one word)

   tea-leaf  (hyphen)

   teapot    (one word)

   tease     not -ze

   teasel    (bot.), not -sle, -zel, -zle

   tea-shop  (hyphen)

   teaspoonful/
             pl -s (one word), abbr. tsp.

   tech.     technical, -ly

   technetium
             symbol Tc

   technol.  technological, -ly

   techy     peevish, use tetchy

   teddy bear
             (two words, not cap.)

   Teddy boy (two words, one cap.)

   tedesc/o  (It. adj.), fem. -a, German (not cap.)

   teed      (golf)

   teehee    use tehee

   teenage/, -d, -r
             (one word)

   teepee    use tepee

   Teesside  Cleveland

   teetotal/ abstaining from intoxicants, abbr. TT; -ism, -ler, -ly

   teetotum/ a four-sided top spun with the fingers; pl. -s

   Tegn‚r (Esaias)
             1782-1846, Swedish poet

   tehee     scornful laugh, to titter, not teehee

   Tehran    cap. of Iran, not -heran

   Teignmouth
             Devon. See also Tyne-

   Teil/     (Ger. m. or n.), a part; pl.  -e, not now Th- (cap.)

   Teilhard de Chardin (Pierre)
             1881-1955, French writer

   Tel.      Telegraph, Telephone

   tel       use tell

   telamon/  (archit.), male figure used as support, pl. -es

   Tel Aviv  Israel

   tele/communication(s), -printer
             (one word)

   telephone/ book
             -- number (two words)

   Teletype  (propr. term)

   televis/e not -ize; -ion

   telex     (to send by) system of telegraphy by using teleprinters

   Telford   Shropshire, "new town", 1963

   Telford (Thomas)
             1757-1834, Scottish engineer

   tell      (archaeol.), artificial mound in Middle East, not tel

   Tell-el-Amarna
             Egypt

   tell-tale (hyphen)

   tellurian (inhabitant) of the earth

   tellurion orrery, not -ium

   tellurium symbol Te

   Telstar   communications satellite, launched 1962

   Telugu    Dravidian language or people, not -oogoo

   T‚m‚raire (The Fighting)
             picture by Turner, 1839

   temp.     temperature, temporary

   temp.     tempore (in the time of)

   temperature
             symbol T (no point). In scientific work the unit of temperature
             is the kelvin (K), although degrees Celsius is still used; --,
             degrees of (typ.), to be in arabic numerals, as 10ш; abbr. temp.

   Templar   member of a religious order, the Knights Templars; student or
             lawyer living in the Temple, London

   template  a pattern or gauge, not -plet

   Temple Bar
             London

   temp/o    (It. mus.), time; pl. -os, abbr. t.

   tempora mutantur
             (Lat.), times are changing

   temporary abbr. temp.; adv.  temporarily

   tempore   (Lat.), in the time of; abbr. t. or temp.

   temporize not -ise

   ten.      tenuto

   Tenasserim
             Burma, not Tenn-

   Ten Commandments (the)
             (caps.)

   tendentious
             calculated to promote a particular point of view, not -cious

   tenderfoot
             novice (one word)

   tenderize not -ise

   Tenerife  (peak and island of), Canary Is., not -iffe

   Teniers (David)
             1582-1649, and 1610-90, Dutch painters, father and son

   Tenison (Thomas)
             1636-1715, Abp. of Canterbury. See also Tennyson

   Tennasserim
             use Tena-

   Tennessee off. abbr. Tenn. or (postal) TN

   Tenniel (Sir John)
             1820-1914, English cartoonist and caricaturist

   tennis    it is no longer necessary to use "lawn tennis", but see ILTF;
             real tennis is the game played on an indoor court

   tennis/-ball, -court, -racket
             (hyphens)

   Tennyson (Alfred, Lord)
             1809-92. Poet Laureate 1850-92. See also Tenison

   tenor     settled course, not -our; (mus.) male voice, abbr. T.

   tenor/e   (It. mus. m.), tenor voice; pl. -i, abbr. t.

   tenrec    hedgehog-like mammal, not tanrec

   tenson    contest between troubadours, not tenz-

   tenuto    (mus.), held on, sustained, abbr. ten.

   tepee     Amer. Indian tent, not tee-

   Ter.      Terence, Terrace

   ter       (Lat.), thrice

   tera-     prefix meaning 10 to the power of 12; abbr. T

   terat.    teratology, study of malformations

   terbium   symbol Tb

   terce     (eccl.), the office said at the third daytime hour. See also
             tierce

   tercel    a male hawk, not tier-

   tercet    (prosody), a triplet, not tiercet

   Terence   (in Lat., Publius Terentius Afer), 190-159 BC.  Roman comic
             playwright:  abbr. Ter.

   Teresa (St)
             not Th-

   tergiversat/e
             to change one's principles; -ion, -or

   termagant a brawling woman (cap. in hist. use as imaginary deity)

   termination
             abbr. term.

   terminator
             not -er

   terminology
             abbr. term.

   termin/us pl. -i

   terminus/ ad quem
             (Lat.), the finish; -- a quo, the starting-point

   Terpsichore
             (Gr.), muse of dancing

   Terr.     Territory

   terrace   cap. when with name; abbr. Ter.; in Fr. f. terrasse

   terracotta
             (an object made of) unglazed kiln-burnt clay and sand; its
             colour (one word)

   Terra del Fuego
             use Tierra -- --

   terrae/filius
             (Lat.), son of the soil; pl. -- filii

   terra firma
             dry land (two words, not ital.)

   terr/a incognit/a
             (Lat.), unexplored region; pl. -ae -ae; -a sigillata, astringent
             clay, or Samian ware (ital.)

   terrazzo/ floor of stone chips set in concrete and smoothed, pl. -s

   terret    ring for driving-rein, not -it

   terre-verte
             soft green earth used as pigment (hyphen, not ital.)

   Territory (cap. in geog. names), abbr. T. or Terr.

   terrorize not -ise

   tertio    (Lat.), in the third place

   tertium quid
             (Lat.), a third something, an intermediate course

   Terylene  propr. term for synthetic polyester used in textiles (cap.)

   terz/a rim/a
             (It.), a particular rhyming scheme; pl. -e -e

   terzetto/ (mus.), piece for three voices or instruments, pl. -s

   TES       Times Educational Supplement

   tesla     unit of magnetic induction, from Tesla (Nikola), 1856-1943,
             Yugoslav-American physicist

   tessellate(d)
             pave(d) with tiles. not -ela-

   tesser/a  small square tile; pl.  -ae (not ital.)

   tessitura (mus.), the ordinary range of a voice

   Testament abbr. T. or Test.

   testamor  (Lat.), examination certificate

   test/drive
             (hyphen as verb), -- flight (two words)

   test/is   (anat.), pl. -es

   test/ match, -- paper, -- pilot
             (two words)

   test-tube/
             (hyphen), test-tube baby (one hyphen)

   tetchy    peevish, not techy

   t€te-…-t€te
             (adv., adj., and noun, hyphens, accents, not ital.)

   tetrameter
             (prosody), verse of four measures

   Teufelsdr”ckh (Herr)
             in Carlyle's Sartor Resartus

   Teut.     Teuton, -ic

   Tex.      Texas (off. abbr.), Texan

   textbook  (one word)

   textus receptos
             (Lat.), the received text; abbr. text. rec.

   Teyte (Maggie)
             1888-1976, English soprano

20.7 t.g....
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   t.g.      type genus

   TGWU      Transport and General Workers' Union

20.8 Th...
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   Th        thorium (no point)

   Th.       Thomas, Thursday

   th        in Welsh, a separate letter, not to be divided

   thagi     use thuggee

   Thailand  formerly Siam, adj.  Thai

   Tha‹s     4th c. BC, Greek courtesan

   thaler    former German coin

   Thalia    (Gr.), muse of comedy

   thalidomide
             a sedative drug, withdrawn 1961

   thallium  symbol Tl

   thalweg   lowest line along river, in Ger. now Talweg

   Thanjavur India, not Tanjor, -e

   Thanksgiving Day
             (US), fourth Thursday in November

   thar      Nepalese or Himalayan goat, not tahr

   Tharrawaddy
             Burma, not Tharawadi

   the       if part of the title of a book etc., should be italic with cap.
             initial. See also periodicals and Hart's Rules, pp. 23-4

   th‚       (Fr. m.), tea; -- dansant, afternoon tea with dancing

   Theaetetus
             dialogue by Plato, named after disciple of Socrates

   theat.    theatrical

   theatre   not -er, Fr. th‚ѓtre (m.); Th‚ѓtre Fran‡ais, Paris (one cap.)

   thec/a    (anat., bot.), case, sheath, sac, pl. -ae

   theirs    (no apos.)

   them/a    (Gr.), a theme; pl. -ata

   Theo.     Theodore

   theocracy a Priest- or god-governed state (cap. with hist. ref.  to Jews),
             not -sy

   theocrasy mingling of several divine attributes in one god, not -cy

   Theocritus
             3rd C. BC, Greek poet; abbr. Theoc.

   theol.    theolog/y, -ian, -ical

   theologize
             not -ise

   Theoprastus
             c.370-c.288 BC, Greek philosopher and botanist.  abbr. Theoph.

   theor.    theorem

   theoret.  theoretic, -al, -ally

   theorize  not -ise

   theosoph/y
             a philosophy professing knowledge of God by inspiration; ical,
             -ist, -ize

   Theoto/copuli
             -kopoulos, see Greco

   therapeutic/
             healing; -s study of healing agents; abbr. therap.

   therefore (math.) sign

   Theresa (St)
             use Ter

   Th‚rЉse   (Fr.)

   thermodynamics
             (one word)

   thermomet/er, -ric
             abbr.  thermom.

   thermonuclear
             (one word)

   Thermopylae (Pass of)
             Greece; battle, 480 BC

   THES      Times Higher Education Supplement

   thesaur/us
             pl. -i

   thes/is   pl. -es

   Thess.    Thessaly; -- (1, 2), Thessalonians (NT)

   they'll   to be printed close up

   thias/os  (anc. Gr.) a gathering to worship a deity, pl. -oi, not -us

   thicken/, -ed, -er
             not or, -ing

   thickset  (one word)

   thimblerig/
             a trick, to play this; -ger, -ging (one word)

   thin/, -ner, -nish


   thingamy  not -ummy

   think-tank
             advisory organization (hyphen)

   third     (adj.), abbr. 3rd

   Third World
             non-aligned countries of Asia, Afica, and Latin America (caps.)

   Thirty-nine Articles (the)
             (hyphen, two caps.)

   thirty-two-mo
             (typ.), a book based on 32 leaves, 64 pages, to the sheet; abbr.
             32mo

   Thirty Years War
             1618-48 (caps., no apos.)

   tho'      though

   thole-pin (naut.), one of two which keep an oar in position, not -owl,
             -owel (hyphen)

   thol/os   (Gr. archit.), a dome-shaped building, esp. a tomb, pl. -oi

   Thomas    abbr. Th. or Thos.

   Thom/ism  doctrine of St Thomas Aquinas; -ist

   Thompson (Sir Benjamin, Count von Rumford)
             1753-1814, American-born founder of Royal Institution, London;
             -- (Sir D'Arcy Wentworth), 1860-1948, Scottish biologist; --
             (Sir Edward Maunde), 1840-1929, English librarian and
             palaeographer; -- (Francis), 1859-1907, English poet; --
             (Silvanus, not Sy-, Phillips), 1851-1916, English physicist

   Thomsen's disease
             muscular spasm

   Thomson (Prof. Arthur)
             1858-1935, Scottish anatomist; -- (Sir Charles Wyville),
             1830-82, Scottish zoologist; -- (James), 1700-48, Scottish poet,
             "The Seasons"; -- (James), 1834-82, Scottish poet, "B.V.", "City
             of Dreadful Night"; -- (Prof. Sir John Arthur), 1861-1933,
             Scottish zoologist and writer; -- (Joseph), 1858-95, Scottish
             African traveller; -- (Prof. Sir Joseph John), 1856-1940,
             English physicist; -- (Sir William, Baron Kelvin, 1824-1907,
             British mathematician and physicist (hence kelvin, q.v.); -- of
             Fleet and of Monifieth (Barons)

   thor/ax   (anat. zool.), the part of the body between neck and abdomen or
             tail, pl. -aces; adj.  -acic

   Thoreau (Henry David)
             1817-62, US author and philosopher

   thorium   symbol Th

   thorough  not thoro'

   thorough-bass
             (mus.), harmony above bass indicated by system of numerals
             (hyphen)

   thorough/bred, -going
             (one word)

   Thos.     Thomas

   thou      colloq. for thousand, -th (no point or apos.)

   though    abbr. tho'

   thousand-and-first
             etc. (hyphens)

   thow(e)l-pin
             use thole-

   thr.      through

   thrall    slave, bondage; thraldom, bondage

   thrash    to beat soundly, to strike the waves, make way in water; -- out,
             to discuss exhaustively.  See also thresh

   threadbare
             (one word)

   Threadneedle Street
             London (two words)

   threadworm
             (one word)

   threefold (one word)

   three-point turn
             (one hyphen)

   three-quarter(s)
             (hyphen)

   three Rs (the)
             reading, writing, arithmetic (no point, no apos.)

   three/score, -some
             (one word)

   threescore and ten
             seventy (three words)

   thresh    to beat out corn. See also thrash

   threshing/-floor, -machine
             (hyphens)

   threshold not -hhold

   thrips    plant pest, is sing.

   thrive    past throve, partic.  thrived

   thro'     use through

   Throckmorton (Sir Nicholas)
             1515-71, English diplomat

   throes    violent pangs

   Throgmorton Avenue
             also Street, London, EC

   Throndhjem
             use Trondheim

   through   not thro'; Monday through Friday (US), from Monday to Friday
             inclusive, abbr. thr.

   throw out (bind.), to mount a diagram, map, etc., upon a page-wide guard
             so that it may remain in view while other pages are read

   Thucydides
             c.460-c.400 BC, Greek historian; abbr. Thuc.

   thug/     a brutal ruffian (cap. with hist. ref. to assassins in India);
             -gee, (hist.) the practice of the Thugs, (not thagi), -gery

   thuja     accepted English form of bot. Thuya, the arbor-vitae genus

   Thule     Greenland; -- (Southern), S.  Atlantic

   thulium   symbol Tm

   thumb/-index, -print
             (hyphens)

   thumbscrew
             (one word)

   thunder   (meteor.), abbr. t.

   thunderstorm
             (one word)

   Thursday  abbr. Th., Thur., or Thurs.

   thuya     see thuja

   THWM      Trinity High-Water Mark

   thym/e    the herb; adj. -y, not -ey

   Thynne    family name of Marquis of Bath

20.9 Ti...
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   Ti        titanium (no point)

   ti        (mus.), use te

   Tian-Shan mountain range, USSR and China

   tiara/    turban, diadem, ornamental coronet; -ed, not -'d

   Tiberias  anc. Palestine, now Teverya, Israel

   Tiberius  (in full, Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar), 42 BC-AD 37, second
             emperor of Rome, 14-37

   tibi/a    (anat.), inner bone from knee to ankle, pl. -ae

   Tibullus (Albius)
             c.50-19 BC, Roman poet; abbr. Tib.

   tic douloureux
             facial neuralgia, not dol- (two words)

   ticket/, -ed, -ing


   ticket-office
             (hyphen)

   tick-tack regular beat, racecourse semaphore, not tic-tac

   Ticonderoga
             New York

   t.i.d.    (med.), ter in die (three times a day)

   tidbit    use tit-

   tiddly    (slang), tiny, slightly drunk, not -ey

   tiddly-wink/
             counter; -s, the game, not tiddle(d)y-

   tide-mark (hyphen)

   tie, tying
             not tieing

   tie/-break, -pin
             (hyphens)

   tierce    (arch.) wine-measure; (mus.) interval of two octaves and a major
             third; sequence of three cards. See also terce

   tierc/el, -et
             use terc-

   Tierra del Fuego
             S. America, not Terra -- --

   tiers ‚tat
             (Fr. m.), third estate, the common people (not caps.)

   Tietjens (Therese Cathline Johanna)
             1830-77, German-born Hungarian soprano, not Titiens

   Tiffany (Charles Lewis)
             1812-92, US jeweller

   tiffany   a gauze muslin

   tiffin    (Anglo-Ind.), light lunch, not -ing

   Tiflis    use Tbilisi

   tigerish  not tigr-

   Tighnabruaich
             Strathclyde

   tight back
             (bind.), the cover glued to the back, so that it does not become
             hollow when open

   tightrope (one word)

   tigrish   use tiger-

   TIH       Their Imperial Highnesses

   tike      use ty-

   tilde     the mark as over the Sp. n, ¤; in Port. til

   Tilsit (Treaty of)
             1807, not -tt

   Tim. (1, 2)
             First, Second Epistle to Timothy (NT)

   timbale   (Fr. cook. f.), dish of mince in pastry

   timbre    characteristic quality of sounds of a voice or instrument (not
             ital.)

   Timbuktu  Mali, not -buctoo; but "Timbuctoo", Tennyson's prize-poem, 1829,
             and usu. in figurative sense

   time      symbol t

   timeable  not -mable

   time-and-motion
             (adj., hyphens)

   time/bomb, -- exposure
             (two words)

   timekeeper
             (one word)

   time/-lag, -limit
             (hyphens)

   time of day
             (typ.), to be in numerals, with full point where time includes
             minutes as well as hours; 9.30 a.m. (or 09.30), 10 a.m. (or
             10.00), 4.30 p.m. (or 16.30); but such phrases as half-past two,
             a quarter to four, should be spelt out

   timepiece (one word)

   Times (The))
             Normally italic.   established 1788 (caps.). The (cap. T, ital.)
             should always be printed as part of title

   time/-scale, -sheet, -signal, -switch
             (hyphens)

   timetable (one word)

   timpan/o  (mus.), the orchestral kettledrum, not ty-; pl. -i. See also
             tympanum

   tin       symbol Sn (stannum)

   tinct.    tincture

   Tindal (Matthew)
             1656-1733, English theologian, not -all. See also Tyn-

   tin foil  (two words)

   tingeing  not -ging

   tin Lizzie
             an old motor car (one cap.)

   tin-pan alley
             the world of popular music (one hyphen, not caps.)

   tin plate (two words)

   tinpot    (derog.) inferior

   tinsel/, -led, -ling


   Tintagel  Cornwall, not -iI

   tintinnabulation
             ringing of bells

   tip in    (bind.), to insert a plate etc. by pasting its inner margin to
             the next page

   tip-off   (noun, hyphen)

   Tipperary town and county, Ireland

   tippet    a cape, not tipet

   tipstaff/ a bailiff; pl. -s

   tip/toe, toeing, -top
             (one word)

   TIR       Transport International Routier

   tirailleur
             (Fr. m.), a sharpshooter (not ital.)

   Tiran‰    Albania, not -na

   tire      of a wheel, use tyre

   tir‚ … part
             (Fr. typ. m.), an offprint

   tiro/     a novice, pl. -s, not tyro

   Tirol(o)  see Tyrol

   'tis      for it is (apos., close up)

   tisane    use ptisan

   Tisiphone (myth.), one of the Furies

   Tit.      Titus (NT)

   tit.      title

   titanic   of titanium; colossal (not cap., except with ref. to Titans)

   Titanic (the)
             liner sunk by iceberg, 1912

   titanium  symbol Ti

   titbit    not tid- (one word)

   Titel/    (Ger. typ. m.), the title; -blatt (n.), title-page; -zeile (f.),
             headline (caps.)

   tit for tat
             (three words)

   titi      S. Amer. monkey (one word)

   ti-ti     NZ mutton-bird (hyphen)

   Titian (Tiziano Vecellio)
             1477-1576, Venetian painter

   Titiens   use Tietjens

   titillate to excite pleasurably

   titivate  to smarten up, not titt-

   title-deed
             (hyphen)

   title-page
             (typ.), see preliminary matter

   title/-piece, -role
             (hyphens)

   titles (cited)
             of articles in periodicals, chapters in books, shorter poems,
             and songs, to be roman quoted, not italic; of series of books
             etc., roman (no quotation marks); of books, periodicals,
             newspapers, plays, long (book-length) poems, paintings, and
             sculptures (but identificatory descriptions to be roman), to be
             italic

   title-sheet
             (typ.), that containing the preliminary matter

   titles of honour
             as LLD, FRS, are usually in caps. Frequently even s. caps give a
             better general effect. See also capitalization, compound ranks

   Tito/     pseud. of Josip Broz, 1892-1980, president of Yugoslavia; -ism

   titre     (chem.),strength of solution determined by titration, not -ter

   titre     (Fr. typ. m.), title

   tittivate use titi-

   tittup/   to behave or move in a lively way; -ed, -ing, -py

   Titus/ (Epistle to)
             (NT), abbr.  Tit.; -- (Roman praenomen), abbr. T.

   T/-joint, -junction
             (hyphens)

20.10 TKO
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   TKO       technical knock-out

20.11 Tl...
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   Tl        thallium (no point)

   TLS       Times Literary Supplement

   TLWM      Trinity Low-Water Mark

20.12 TM...
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   TM        transcendental meditation

   Tm        thulium (no point)

   tmes/is   (gram.), division of compound word by intervening word(s), pl.
             -es

20.13 TN...
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   TN        Tennessee (off. postal abbr.)

   TNT       trinitrotoluene

20.14 TO...
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   TO        Telegraph Office, turn over

   toad-in-the-hole
             (hyphens)

   toad/stone, -stool
             (one word)

   to and fro
             (adv., three words)

   toast/-master, -rack
             (hyphens)

   Tobago    W. Indies, not Ta-. See also Trinidad

   Tobermore Co. Londonderry

   Tobermory Isle of Mull, Strathclyde

   Tobit     (Apr.), not to be abbreviated

   toboggan/ not -ogan; er, ing

   toby/collar, -- jug
             (two words not cap.)

   Toc H     Talbot House (no point)

   Tocqueville (Alexis Charles Henri Maurice Cl‚rel, comte de)
             1805-59, French statesman and polit. writer

   tocsin    alarm signal

   today     (one word)

   to-do     commotion (hyphen)

   toe/      (verb), -d, -ing

   toe/-cap, -nail
             (hyphens)

   toffee    not -y

   toga/     anc. Toman mantle; pl. -s

   Togo/     Cent. W. Africa, indep.  1960, adj. -lese

   toile     linen cloth

   toilet    not -ette

   toilet/-paper, -roll
             (hyphens)

   toilet/powder, -- soap
             (two words)

   toilette  (Fr. f.) toilet

   toing and froing
             (three words)

   Toison d'or
             (Fr. f.) the golden fleece

   Tokay     a Hungarian wine; in Hung. Tokaj

   Tokyo     cap. of Japan, not -io formerly Yeddo

   Toler     in family name of Earl of Norbury

   Tolkien (John Ronald Reuel)
             1892-1973, English writer, not -ein

   Tolstoy (Count Leo)
             1828 1910, Russian novelist, no -oi

   tomalley  so-called liver of lobster, not -ly

   tomato/   pl. -es

   tomboy    (one word)

   tom-cat   (hyphen

   tome      (Fr. m.), a volume; abbr. t.

   tommy     British private soldier (not cap)

   tommy/-gun, -rot
             (hyphens, not cap)

   tomorrow  (one word)

   Tompion (Thomas)
             ?1639-1713, English clock-maker

   tompion   use tampion

   tomtit    a small bird (one word)

   tom-tom   Indian etc. drum (hyphen)

   ton/      (weight), -s, abbr. t

   ton       (Fr.m.) style

   Tonbridge but Tunbridge Wells, Kent

   tond/o    (It), painting or relief of circular form, pl. -i (not ital.)

   tone-poem (mus.) (hyphen)

   Tongking  Vietnam not Tun-, Tonkin, Tonquin

   tongu/e   (verb), -ed, -ing

   tonic sol-fa
             (one hyphen)

   tonight   (one word)

   tonn.     tonnage

   tonne     metric ton (1,000 kilograms), abbr, t. or te

   tonneau   rear of motor car

   tonneau   (Fr. m.), ton, tun, or cask; abbr. t.

   tonsil/, -lar, -lectomy, -litis


   tooling   (bind.), impressing a design or lettering on the (usu.  leather)
             binding by hand

   tooth/ache, -brush
             (one word)

   tooth-comb
             (hyphen)

   tooth/paste, -pick
             (one word)

   topcoat   (one word)

   topgallant
             mast or sail (one word)

   top-heavy (hyphen)

   topi      (Anglo-Ind.), a hat, not topee

   topmast   (one word)

   top-notch first rate (hyphen)

   topog.    topograph/y, -ical

   top/os    stock theme, pl. -oi

   topsail   (one word)

   tops and tails
             (typ.), prelims and index etc.

   topside   (naut.) ship's side between water-line and deck; also of beef
             (one word)

   topsoil   (one word)

   topsy-turvy
             (hyphen)

   Tor Bay   Devon

   Torbay    town, Devon

   torc      use torque

   torchlight
             (one word)

   Torino    It. for Turin

   tormentor not -er

   tornado/  pl. -es

   torniquet use tour-

   torpedo/  pl. -es

   Torphichen (Baron)


   torque    a metal ornament, (mech.) turning effect, not torc

   Torquemada (Tom s de)
             1420-98, Spanish Inquisitor

   torr      (phys.), unit of pressure, with numbers Torr (no point)

   Torres Vedras
             fortified town near Lisbon, Portugal; battle, 1810

   torso/    (representation of) human trunk, something unfinished or
             mutilated; pl. -s

   tortoiseshell
             (one word)

   tortue/   (Fr. f.), turtle; -- claire, clear turtle soup

   Toscanini (Arturo)
             1867-1957, Italian conductor

   totalizator
             betting device, but Horserace Totalisator Board; colloq. tote

   totalize  to collect into a total, not -ise

   t'other   the other, not tother

   totidem verbis
             (Lat.), in so many words

   toties quoties
             (Lat.), the one as often as the other

   toto caelo
             (Lat.), diametrically opposed, not -- coe-

   touch‚    (Fr.), acknowledging a hit

   touch/-line, -type
             (hyphens)

   Toulouse-Lautrec (Henri Marie Raymonde de)
             1864-1901, French painter

   toupee    a wig, not -‚e, -et

   tour/     (Fr. m.), a tour; (f.) tower; tour … tour, alternately, in torn;
             -- de force, a feat of strength or skill; -- de main, sleight of
             hand

   touraco/  large Afr. bird, pl. -s, not tu-, -cou, -ko

   touring-car
             (hyphen)

   tourmaline
             a mineral, sometimes cut as a gem, not -in

   Tournai   Belgium, in Fl. Doornik

   Tournay   France

   tournedos small fillet of beef with suet, pl. same

   tourney   (take part in) a tournament

   tourniquet
             bandage etc., for stopping flow of blood, not torn-

   Toussaint L'Ouverture (Fran‡ois)
             1743-1803, Haitian Negro general and liberator; in Fr.
             Louverture (no apos.)

   tout/ … coup
             (Fr.), suddenly; -- … fait, entirely; -- court, abruptly, or
             simply; -- de m€me, all the same; -- de suite, immediately; --
             d'un coup, all at once; -- ensemble (le), the general effect; --
             le monde, all the world, or everybody (no hyphens)

   tovarish/ comrade, pl. -i; Anglicized from Russ. tovarishch

   towel/, -ling


   town      abbr. t.

   town/ councillor
             not -ilor; abbr. TC; -- hall, -- house (two words)

   Townshend (Marquess)


   township  abbr. t.

   toxaemia  blood-poisoning, not -xemia

   toxicol.  toxicolog/y, -ical

   toxin     a poison, not -ine

   toxophilite
             (student, lover) of archery

20.15 Tpr.
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   Tpr.      Trooper

20.16 Tr....
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   Tr.       trustee

   tr.       translat/ed, -ion, -or

   Trabzon   Turkey, formerly Trebizond

   tracasserie
             fuss, annoyance (not cap.)

   traceable not -cable

   trache/a  the windpipe; pl. -ae

   track suit
             (two words)

   Tractarian/; -ism
             the Oxford or High-Church Movement of mid-nineteenth century
             (cap.)

   tractor   not -er

   trad      colloq. for traditional (jazz); also as abbr. (point)

   tradable  not -eable

   trade/ mark, -- name
             (two words); see proprietary terms

   trade/union
             (not trades union), pl. -- unions (two words), abbr.  TU, but
             Trades Union Congress, abbr. TUC; -unionism, -unionist (hyphens)

   trade wind
             (two words)

   traduction
             (Fr. f.), translation

   traffic/, -ked, -ker, -king; -- jam
             (two words)

   traffic-light
             (hyphen)

   trag.     tragedy, tragic

   tragedi/an
             a writer of tragedies, a tragic actor; -enne, a tragic actress

   tragicomedy
             a drama of mixed tragic and comic elements (one word)

   trahison des clercs
             (Fr. f.), betrayal of standards by the intellectuals

   traipse   to trudge, not now trapes

   trait     a characteristic

   trait d'union
             (Fr. typ. m.), the hyphen

   trammel/  to entangle; -led, -ling

   trampoline
             sprung canvas sheet used by acrobats, gymnasts, etc., not -in

   tranche   portion of income etc.  (not ital.)

   tranny    colloq. for transistor (radio), not -ie

   tranquil/, -lity, -lize
             not -ise, -ly

   trans.    transactions, transitive, translat/ed, -ion, -or

   transact/, -or


   transalpine
             (one word, not cap.)

   transatlantic
             (one word, not cap.)

   transcontinental
             (one word)

   transexual
             use transs-

   transf.   transferred

   transfer/, -able, -ee, -ence, -red, -rer, -ring


   transgress/
             to pass beyond the limit of; -ible, -or

   tranship/, -ment
             (one word), not transs-

   transition
             literary monthly, 1927-38 (not cap.)

   transitive
             (gram.), (of verb) taking a direct object; abbr.  trans. or
             transit.

   Transkei  S. Afr., indep. 1976

   translat/ed, -ion, or
             abbr. tr.  or trans.; -able

   transmissible
             not -mittable

   transonic relating to speeds close to that of sound, not transs-

   transpontine
             on the south side of the Thames. See also cispontine

   transpose (typ.), to interchange letters, words, lines of type, etc.; see
             proof-correction marks

   transsexual
             not transexual

   transsonic
             use transonic

   Transvaal prov. of S. Africa; abbr. Tvl.

   Transylvania
             Romania

   trapes    to trudge, use traipse

   trattoria (It.), Italian-style restaurant

   trauma/   wound or shock, pl. -s

   travail/, -ed, -ing


   travel/, -led, -ler, -ling


   travel agent
             (two words)

   Travellers' Club
             London (apos. after s)

   travois   N. Amer. Ind. vehicle, pl. same

   Trawsfynydd
             Cwynedd

   TRC       Thames Rowing Club

   tread     past trod, partic. trodden

   treadmill (one word)

   Treas.    treasurer, treasury

   trecent/o 1300-99, and It. art and literature of that century; -ist (not
             ital.)

   tre corde (mus.), direction in piano-music to release soft pedal.  See
             also una corda

   Treitschke (Heinrich von)
             1834-96, German historian

   trek/     (Afrik.),journey (verb and noun); not -ck; -ked, -ker, -king

   trellis/  not -ice; -work (hyphen)

   trematode (noun or adj.), (of) flatworm, not -oid

   tremolo/  (mus.), tremulous effect or device producing this, pl. -s

   tremor    not -our

   Trengganu see Malaya (Federation of)

   trente-et-quarante
             (Fr. m.), a game of chance (hyphens)

   trepan/   (to use) a surgeon's saw, a borer; to trap; -ation, -ned, -ning

   Tresco    Scilly

   Trescowe  Cornwall

   Tresilian Bay
             S. Glamorgan

   Tresillian
             Cornwall

   trestle   a table support, not tressel

   TrЉves    use Trier

   trevet    use trivet

   TRH       Their Royal Highnesses

   tribrach  (prosody), foot of three short syllables

   trichology
             study of the hair

   tricolour (flag) having three colours, esp. the French flag; in Fr. m.
             drapeau tricolore

   tricorn   (imaginary animal) with three horns, not -ne

   trienni/al
             lasting, or occurring every, three years; -um period of three
             years, pl. -ums

   Trier     W. Germany, not TrЉves

   trig.     trigonometry

   trigesimo-secundo
             use thirty-twomo, q.v.

   trigon.   trigonometr/y, -ical

   trillion  in Britain, France (since 1948), and Germany, a million million
             millions; in US, a million millions. See also billion

   trimeter  (prosody), verse of three measures

   Trin.     Trinity

   Trinidad and Tobago
             W. Indies, indep. 1962

   Trinity Sunday
             the one after Whit Sunday

   triphthong
             three vowels in a single syllable, as eau in beau

   tripos    honours examination for BA at Cambridge

   triptych  set of three painted or carved panels, hinged together

   triptyque a customs permit for a motor car

   triquetr/a
             ornament of three interlaced arcs, pl. -ae; adj. -al

   trireme   anc. Gr. ship with three banks of oars

   Tristan da Cunha
             S. Atlantic, not -- d'Acunha

   Tristan und Isolde
             opera by Wagner, 1865

   Tristram  knight of the Round Table (usual Eng. form of Tristan)

   tritium   symbol T

   triturat/e
             to grind finely; -or

   triumvir/ one of a committee of three; Eng. pl. -s; Lat. pl. -i;
             collective noun -ate

   trivet    iron bracket hooked to a grate, not tre-

   trivia    trifles, is plural

   trocar    (med.), instrument for withdrawing fluid from the body, not
             troch-

   troche    (med.), a medicated lozenge

   troch/ee  a foot of two syllables; adj. -aic

   troika    Russian vehicle drawn by three horses abreast; (fig.) a
             committee of three

   trolley   not trolly

   trollop   a slatternly woman

   Trollope (Anthony)
             1815-82, and -- (Frances), 1780-1863, his mother, English
             novelists

   trompe-l'oeil
             (Fr. m.), an illusion, esp. in still-life painting or plaster
             ornament

   Trondheim Norway, formerly Trondhjem, not Th-, Dront-

   troop/    assembly of soldiers etc.; in pl. of armed forces generally;
             -er, abbr. Tpr. See also troupe

   tropaeolum/
             a trailing plant; pl. -s. As bot. genus, TropaeoIom

   tropical  (not cap.)

   troposphere
             the lower atmosphere, where temperature falls with rise in
             height. See also stratosphere

   troppo    (mus.), too much

   Trotsky/ (Leon)
             pseud. of Lev Davidovich Bronstcin, 1879-1940, Russian
             revolutionary, not -tz-, -ki; -ism, -ist, -ite

   trottoir  (Fr. m.), footway, pavement

   troup/e   company of performers; -er.  See also troop

   trousseau/
             bride's outfit; pl. -s (not ital.)

   trouvaille
             (Fr. f.), a lucky find

   trouvЉre  medieval poet in N.  France

   troy weight
             (not cap.): 1 troy pound (approx. 373 g.) = 12 troy ounces; 1
             troy ounce = 20 pennyweights

   TRRL      Transport and Road Research Laboratory

   Trs.      Trustees

   Trucial States
             Arabia, seven independent sheikhdoms, now United Arab Emirates

   Trudeau (Pierre Elliott)
             b.  1919, Canadian statesman

   trudgen   stroke in swimming

   Truman (Harry S)
             1884-1972, US politician, President 1945-53 (no point after the
             S)

   trumpet/, -ed, -ing


   Truron:   sig. of Bp. of Truro (colon)

   Trustee   abbr. Tr., pl. Trs.

20.17 TS...
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   TS        (paper), tub-sized, typescript

   tsar      emperor of Russia; tsarevich, his eldest son, not cesarevitch;
             tsarevna, his dau.; tsarina, his wife (in Russ.  tsaritsa)
             (caps. as titles); not cs-, cz-, tz-

   Tsaritsyn USSR, now Volgograd

   Tsarskoe Selo
             near St Petersburg (now Leningrad), imperial residence; renamed
             Detskoe Selo and, later, Pushkin; not Tz-, Z-

   TSB       Trustee Savings Bank

   Tschaikowsky (P. I.)
             use Tchaikovsky

   tsetse    African fly, not tzetze

   TSH       Their Serene Highnesses

   T/-shirt, -square
             (hyphens)

   tsp.      teaspoonful

   tsunami   (Jap.), tidal wave (not ital.)

   t.s.v.p.  tournez s'il vous plaЊt (Fr.)  please turn over, PTO

   Tswana    (language of) Bechuana people

20.18 TT...
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   TT        teetotal, Tourist Trophy, tuberculin tested

   TTS       (typ., comp.), teletypesetting

20.19 TU...
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   TU        trade union, -s

   tub/a     bass saxhorn; pl. -as

   TЃbingen  town and university, W. Germany

   TUC       Trades Union Congress

   tuck/-box, -shop
             (hyphens)

   Tuesday   abbr. Tu., Tue., or Tues.

   Tuileries Paris (one l)

   tulle     fine silk fabric

   tumbrel   a cart, not -il

   tumour    a morbid growth, not -or

   tumul/us  anc. burial mound; pl. -i (not ital.)

   tun/      (cask), -s, abbr. t.

   Tunbridge Wells
             but Tonbridge, Kent

   tuneable  not tunable

   Tungking  use Tongking

   tungsten  wolfram, symbol W

   Tunisia   N. Africa, indep. 1956, cap. Tunis

   tunnel/, -led, -ling


   tu quoque!
             (Lat.), so are you!

   tura/co, -cou, -ko
             use touraco

   turbo/-jet, -prop
             (hyphens)

   Turco/    (hist.), Algerian soldier In French army; pl. -s; not -ko

   Turco-    comb. form of Turkish, not Turko

   Turcoman  use Turkoman

   Turcophile
             one friendly to the Turks

   Turgenev (Ivan Sergeevich)
             1818-83, Russian novelist, not the many variants

   Turin     Italy in It. Torino

   Turk.     Turkey. -ish

   turkey red
             (not cap.)

   Turki     (of) group of Ural-Altaic languages

   Turkish   language of Turkey; see accents

   Turkistan a region of cent.  Asia, not Turke-

   Turkmenistan
             a Soviet Socialist Republic. See also USSR

   Turko-    use Turco-

   Turkoman/ an inhabitant or language of Turkmenistan, not Turco-, pl. -s

   Turku     Finland, in Swed. Џbo

   turn/, -ed sort
             (typ.), a sort correctly or mistakenly printed upside-down or on
             its side; -ed commas, name for quotation marks, q.v.

   Turner (Joseph Mallord William
             not Mall/ad, -ard), 1775-1851, English painter

   turning/-circle, -point
             (hyphens)

   Turnour   family name of Earl Winterton

   turn-out  (noun, hyphen)

   turn over abbr. TO

   turnover  (noun and adj., one word)

   turn-round
             (noon, hyphen)

   turntable (one word)

   Tuskar Rock
             lighthouse, Co.  Wexford

   Tuskegee Institute
             Ala., US

   tusser    Ind. or Chin. silk(worm), not -ah, -ore

   tussock   clump of grass, not -ac(k)

   Tutankhamun
             Egyptian pharaoh, not -amen

   tutti/    (mus.), (passage performed with) all instruments or voices
             together, pl. -s

   tutti-frutti
             confection (hyphen)

   tutu      ballet-dancer's skirt, NZ shrub (one word)

   tuum      (Lat.), thine. see also meum

   Tuvalu/   W. Pacific, formerly Ellice Is., indep. 1976; adj. -an

   tu-whit, tu-whoo
             (to make) an owl's city

   tuyЉre    furnace-nozzle

20.20 TV...
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   TV        television

   TVA       (US), Tennessee Valley Authority

   TvI.      Transvaal

20.21 TWA...
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   TWA       Trans World Airlines

   Twain (Mark)
             see Clemens

   'twas     for "it was" (apos., close up)

   Tweeddale district of Borders; -- (Marquis of)

   Twelfth/ Day
             6 Jan.; -- Night, 5 Jan.

   twelvemo  see duodecimo

   twenty-fourmo
             (typ.), a book based on 24 leaves, 48 pages, to the sheet; abbr.
             24mo

   twentymo  (typ.), a book based on 20 leaves, 40 pages, to the sheet; abbr.
             20mo

   'twere, 'twill
             for "it were", "it will" (apos., close up)

   twerp     stupid person, not -irp

   twilit    illuminated (as if) by twilight

   Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes
             family name of Baron Saye and Sele

   'twixt    for "betwixt" (apos.)

   twofold   (one word)

   two/-foot, -inch, -mile, -pound, -stroke, -ton
             (adjs., hyphens)

   twosome   (one word)

   'twould   for "it would" (apos., close up)

20.22 TX
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   TX        Texas (off. postal abbr.)

20.23 TYC...
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   TYC       Thames Yacht Club

   tyke      an objectionable fellow; a Yorkshireman, not ti-

   Tyler (John)
             1790-1863, US President 1841-5; -- (Wat), d 1381, English rebel

   Tylers and Bricklayers
             livery company

   Tylor (Sir Edward Burnett)
             1832-1917, English anthropologist

   tympan/um the ear-drum; pl.  -a. See also timpano

   Tyndale (William)
             1484-1536, English priest, translated Bible, burned at stake

   Tyndall (John)
             1820-93, English physicist

   Tyne and Wear
             metropolitan county

   Tynemouth Tyne & Wear. See also Teign-

   Tynwald   Manx assembly

   typ.      typograph/er, -ic, -ical, -ically

   type      a piece of metal having on one end a letter or character in
             relief used in letterpress printing; also called sort. See also
             height to paper

   type/face, -founder, -script, -setting
             (one word)

   type metal
             an alloy of lead, antimony, and tin

   typescript
             abbr. TS

   typewriter
             the machine

   typist    the user of a typewriter

   typograph/ic
             (typ.), of a printing process based on raised letters etc. which
             alone come into contact with ink and paper; see also
             letterpress; -y, the design of printed matter

   tyrannize not -ise

   tyre      (of a wheel), not tire

   tyro      use tiro

   Tyrol/    region of Austria and Italy, in Ger. Tirol, in It.  Tirolo; adj.
             -ese

20.24 tzar...
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   tzar      etc., use ts-

   Tzarskoye Selo
             use Tsarskoe --

   tzetze    use tsetse

21.0 U
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21.1 U...
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   U         upper-class (see also non-U), uranium, the twentieth in a series

   U         Burmese title (not an abbr.)

   U.        Unionist, film-censorship classification

   u         unified atomic mass unit

   u.        (Ger.) und (and), unter (among), (meteor.) ugly, threatening
             weather

   љ         Ѓ, in German etc., may not be replaced by Ue, ue (except in some
             proper names), or U, u

   u.a.      (Cer.), unter anderem (among other things)

21.2 UAE...
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   UAE       United Arab Emirates

   UAR       United Arab Republic, 1958-71

   љbersetzung
             (Ger. f), translation

   ubique    (Lat.), everywhere

   ubi supra (Lat.), in the place above (mentioned); abbr. u.s.

21.3 U-boat
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   U-boat    German submarine (hyphen)

21.4 UC...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   UC        University College

   u.c.      (typ.), upper case (but in proof correction (q.v.) and copy
             preparation specify "cap" or "sc"), (It. mus.) una corda (q.v.)

   UCATT     Union of Construction, Allied Trades, and Technicians

   UCC       Universal Copyright Convention

   UCCA      Universities' Central Council on Admissions

   UCD       University College, Dublin

   UCH       University College Hospital, London

   UCL       University College London

   UCLA      University of California at Los Angeles

   UCS       University College School

   UCW       Union of Communications Workers, University College of Wales

21.5 Udaipur...
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   Udaipur   India, not Odeypore, Oodey-, Ude-

   udal/     freehold right based on continuous occupation, not odal; -ler,
             -man (one word)

   Udall (Nicholas)
             1505-56, English playwright

   UDC       Universal Decimal Classification, Urban District Council

   UDI       unilateral declaration of independence

   UDR       Ulster Defence Regiment

21.6 UEA...
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   UEA       University of East Anglia

   UEFA      Union of European Football Associations

21.7 UFAW...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   UFAW      Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

   UFC       United Free Church (of Scotland)

   Uffizi Gallery and Palace
             Florence, not -izzi

   UFO       unidentified flying object; also ufo/, pl. -s

21.8 Uganda...
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   Ugand/a   Africa, indep. 1962, republic 1963; adj. -an

   UGC       University Grants Committee

   Ugley     village in Essex

   ugli/     a citrus fruit, pl. -s

21.9 UHF...
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   UHF       ultra-high frequency

   uhlan     a Prussian lancer

   UHT       ultra heat tested (long-keeping milk)

21.10 u.i....
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   u.i.      ut infra (as below)

   Uitlander (Afrik.), foreigner

21.11 UJD
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   UJD       Utriusque Juris Doctor (Doctor of Laws)

21.12 UK...
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   UK        United Kingdom

   UKAEA     United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority

   ukase     in Russ. ukaz, an edict, not oukaz

   ukiyo-e   school of Japanese art

   Ukraine   properly Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the
             republics forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (see
             USSR); not Little Russia; adj. Ukrainian

   ukulele   small guitar, not uke-

21.13 Ullswater...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Ullswater Cumbria, not Ulles-

   uln/a     lower-arm bone, pl. -ae (not ital.)

   Ulster/   Ireland; -man, -woman (one word)

   ulster    a coat (not cap.)

   ult.      see ultimo

   ultima ratio/
             (Lat.), the last resource; -- -- regum, resort to arms

   ultima Thule
             distant unknown region (one cap., ital.)

   ultimatum/
             final proposal; pl. -s

   ultimo    in, or of, the last month; better not abbreviated

   ultimum vale
             (Lat.), the last farewell

   ultimus haeres
             (Lat., the final heir), the crown or the state

   ultra/    (Lat.), beyond, extreme; -- vires, beyond legal power

   ultra-high
             (of frequency) (hyphen)

   ultra/ist, -ism


   ultra/sonic, -violet
             (one word)

   Ulyanov   see Lenin

21.14 Umbala...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Umbala, -balla
             use Ambala

   umbel/    (hot.), flower-cluster; -lar, -late

   umble pie use humble

   umbo/     boss of shield, pl. -s

   umbr/a    (astr.), a shadow; pl.  -ae

   UMIST     University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology

   umlaut    see Ћ, „; ™, ”; љ, Ѓ and accents

   Umritsur  use Amritsar

21.15 UN...
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   UN        United Nations, not UNO, Uno

   un-       (words in), for further spellings see the corresponding positive
             forms

   'un       colloq. for one (as in good 'un) (apos.)

   UNA       United Nations Association

   una corda (mus.), direction in piano-music to use soft pedal. See also tre
             corde

   unadvisable
             (of person) not open to advice. See also inadvisable

   un-American
             (hyphen, cap.)

   unanim/ous, -ity
             (a, not an)

   unappealing
             (one l)

   unauthorized
             not -ised

   una voce  (Lat.), unanimously

   unbaptized
             not -ised

   unberufen (Ger.), absit omen

   unbiased  not -ssed

   unbribable
             not -eable

   unbusinesslike
             (one word)

   uncared-for
             (hyphen)

   unchangeable
             not -gable

   unchristian
             (one word)

   uncircumcised
             not -ized

   unclench  cf. clench

   unclinch  cf. clinch

   uncome-at-able
             inaccessible (two hyphens)

   uncooperative
             (one word)

   uncoordinated
             (one word)

   UNCSTD    United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for
             Development

   UNCTAD    United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

   unctuous  greasy, not -ious

   undeniable
             not -ny-

   under-    prefix joined to nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs, normally
             forms one word (see the cases given below), but note under-part,
             under-secretary, under-sexed, under-shrub, under-side,
             under-surface

   under/achieve, -act, -carriage, -clothes, -coat, -cover
             (adj.), -current, -cut, -developed, -dog, -em- phasis,
             -emphasize, not -ise, -employed, -estimate, -ex- pose, -ground,
             -growth, -hand (one word)

   underlay  (typ.), to make formes, blocks, etc., type-high by placing card
             or paper underneath

   underlie  but underlying

   underline (typ.), caption to iIlustration, diagram, etc. See also
             proof-correction marks

   under/manned, -mentioned
             (one word)

   under-part
             subordinate part or role (hyphen)

   under/privileged, -rate
             (one word)

   underproof
             containing less alcohol than proof spirit does, abbr. u.p. (one
             word)

   under-runners
             (typ.), excess of marginal notes which are continued below body
             of text, generally at foot of page. See also shoulder-notes

   undersea  (one word)

   under-secretary
             (hyphen, caps. as title)

   undersell (one word)

   under/-sexed, -shrub, -side
             (hyphens)

   under/signed, -sized, -skirt, -staffed
             (one word)

   under-surface
             (hyphen)

   under/tone, -value, -water
             (adj.) (one word)

   under way in motion (two words)

   underweight
             (one word)

   underwrite/, -r
             (one word)

   undies    colloq. for (women's) underclothing

   UNDRO     United Nations Disaster Relief Organization

   unenclosed
             not unin-

   un-English
             (hyphen, cap.)

   Unesco    United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
             Organization

   unexception/able
             that cannot be faulted; -al, not unusual

   Ungarn    Ger. for Hungary

   unget-at-able
             inaccessible (two hyphens)

   unguent   ointment

   ungul/a   hoof, talon, pl. -ae

   unheard-of
             (hyphen)

   Uniat     (member of) Eastern Church in communion with Rome, not -ate

   Unicef    United Nations (International) Children's (Emergency) Fund

   unidea'd  having no ideas, not -aed

   Unido     United Nations Industrial Development Organisation

   Unionist  abbr. U.

   unionize  bring into trade-union organization (one word, not -ise)

   un-ionized
             not ionized (hyphen, not -ised)

   Union Jack
             (two words)

   unisex    tendency of sexes to be indistinguishable in dress etc.; (adj.)
             of clothes wearable by either sex (one word)

   Unit.     Unitarian, -ism

   United Arab/ Emirates
             group of seven Emirates on Persian Gulf, abbr. UAE; -- Republic,
             1958-71; abbr.  UAR

   United/   Free Church of Scotland (caps.), abbr. UFC; -- Kingdom (caps.),
             abbr. UK; -- Presbyterian/, abbr. UP; -- -- Church (caps.),
             abbr.  UPC; -- Service Club (not Services). See also US, USAF
             USI, USIS, USN, USPG, USS

   units     see BSI, SI

   Univ.     University; (in Oxford) University College

   Univers   (typ.), a sanserif (q.v.)  fount; not a generic term for
             sanserif face

   universal (a, not an); abbr.  univ.

   Universal Copyright Convention
             adopted 1952, effective in sixteen countries (incl.  US) from
             1955, in UK 1957, and in USSR 1973. Basically each member-nation
             (now more than sixty) extends benefit of its own copyright laws
             to works by citizens of other member-nations, regardless of
             place of original publication. See also Berne Convention,
             copyright notice; abbr.  UCC

   universalize
             not -ise

   Universal Time
             abbr. UT

   University College London
             (no comma), abbr. UCL

   unjustified setting
             (typ.), composition with a single invariable word-space, giving
             an uneven right-hand margin (as in this book)

   Unknown Soldier
             unidentified soldier representing casualties in war (caps.)

   unladylike
             (one word)

   unlicensed
             not -ced

   unm.      unmarried

   unmanageable
             not -gable

   UNO       or Uno, United Nations Organization, use UN

   uno animo (Lat.), unanimously

   unparalleled
             not -elled

   unperson  person whose identity is denied or ignored (one word)

   unpractical
             not suitable for actual conditions, not -im.  See also
             impracticable.

   unputdownable
             (of book) (one word)

   unridable not -eable

   unrivalled
             not -aled

   Unrra     United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

   Unrwa     United Nations Relief Works Agency

   unsaleable
             not -lable

   unscalable
             not -eable

   unselfconscious
             (one word)

   unserviceable
             not -cable

   unsewn binding
             (bind.), method in which the gatherings of each volume are
             clamped together, their back folds sheared off, and the
             resultant leaf-edges glued to a flexible backing

   unshakeable
             not -kable

   unskilful not -skill-

   untraceable
             not -cable

   un/trammelled, -travelled
             (one word, not -eled)

   unwieldy  cumbersome, not -ldly

21.16 UP...
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   UP        United Presbyterian; United Press; Uttar Pradesh (formerly
             United Provinces), India

   u.p.      underproof; (colloq.), all up (with someone)

   up.       upper

   up-and/-coming
             (colloq.), likely to succeed; -- - -- -over (adj.), of door
             (hyphens)

   Upanishad a Sanskrit philosophical treatise

   upbeat    (one word)

   up/field, -hill
             (one word)

   up/ish, -ity
             use upp-

   up-market (adj., hyphen)

   upper case
             (typ.), in handsetting, the case containing capitals, small
             capitals, numerals, and signs; hence a generic term See also
             manuscript, capitalization

   Upper Volta
             W. Africa, indep.  1960

   upp/ish   self-assertive; -ity, arrogant, snobbish, not upi-

   Uppsala   Sweden, not Ups-

   upright   (one word)

   upside-down
             (one hyphen)

   up/stage, -stairs, -stream
             (one word)

   upsy-daisy
             encouragement spoken to child, not ups-a- (hyphen)

   uptight   (colloq.), nervously tense (one word)

   up to date
             (hyphens when attrib.)

   UPU       Universal Postal Union

   upwind    (one word)

21.17 uraemia...
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   uraemia   (path.), not ure-

   Urania    (Gr.), muse of astronomy

   uranium   symbol U

   Uranus    Greek mythology and astronomy

   urari     use curare

   urbanize  not -ise

   urbi et orbi
             (Lat.), to the city (Rome) and the world

   Urdu      an off. language of Pakistan

   urethr/a  (anat.), pl. -ae

   URI       upper respiratory infection

   urim and thummim
             Exod.  28:30, are plurals

   Uruguay/  abbr. Uru.; adj. -an

21.18 US...
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   US        United Service, -- States

   u.s.      ubi supra (in the place above [mentioned]), ut supra (as above)

   u/s       unserviceable

   USA       United States of America

   usable    not -eable

   USAF      United States Air Force

   USCL      United Society for Christian Literature

   USDAW     Union of Shop, Distributive, and Allied Workers

   usf.      (Ger.), und so fort (and so on)

   Usher Hall
             Edinburgh

   USI       United Service Institution (not Services)

   USIS      United States Information Service

   USN       United States Navy

   USPG      United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel

   usquebaugh
             (Gaelic), whisky

   USS       United States Ship; Universities Superannuation Scheme

   Ussher    (James), 1581-1656, Irish divine, Abp. of Armagh

   US spellings
             . Noteworthy differences from British usage such as aluminum,
             maneuver, and pajamas are given in their alphabetical places.
             The following general categories of US usage should also be
             noted:
              1. e for ae and oe, initially as in esthete, eon, and estrogen,
             and medially as in fetus and toxemia.
              2. -ense for -ence in the words defense, license (noun and
             verb), offense, and pretense.
              3. -er for -re, as in center, fiber, and theater (but others
             such as acre, lucre, and ogre are the same as in British usage).
              4. O for ou, as in mold; in particular -or for -our, as in
             color, harbor, and tumor.
              5. z occasionally for soft s, as in cozy and (despite
             etymology) analyze.
              6. Final -e is often omitted before a suffix beginning with a
             vowel where in British usage it is retained, as in milage and
             salable. But after soft c and g it is always retained, as in
             British usage.
              7. Final -l in words stressed on any syllable but the last is
             not usually doubled as in British usage when followed by a
             suffix beginning with a vowel, as in counselor, teetotaler,
             rivaled, and traveling; note also clarinetist.
              8. Final -ogue is sometimes shortened to -og, as in analog,
             catalog, epilog, and pedagog

   USSR      Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, comprising the Russian
             Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and the Armenian,
             Azerbaijan, Estonian, Georgian, Kazakh, Kirghiz, Latvian,
             Lithuanian, Moldavan, Tadjik, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Uzbek, and
             White Russian (Belorussian) Soviet Socialist Republics.

   usu.      usual, -ly

   usucaption
             (law), acquisition of title by continued occupation of property,
             not -capion

   usurper   not -or

   usw.      (Ger.), und so weiter (and so on)

21.19 UT...
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   UT        Universal Time, Utah (q.v.)

   Utah      off. postal abbr. UT

   Utakamand use Ootacamund

   Utd.      United

   ut dictum (Lat.), as directed; abbr. ut dict.

   U Thant   1909-74, Burmese statesman, Sec.-Gen. of UN 1962-71

   utilize   not -ise

   ut infra  (Lat.), as below; abbr.  u.i.

   uti possidetis
             (Lat.), as you now possess (opposed to status quo ante)

   Utopia/, -n
             (caps.)

   UTS       ultimate tensile strength

   ut supra  (Lat.), as above; abbr.  u.s.

   Uttar Pradesh
             India, formerly United Provinces, abbr.  UP

   U/-tube, -turn
             (hyphens)

   ut videtur
             (Lat.), as it seems

21.20 UU
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   UU        Ulster Unionist

21.21 UV
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   UV        ultraviolet

21.22 U/W...
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   U/W       underwriter

   UWlST     University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology

   UWT       Union of Women Teachers

21.23 uxor
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   uxor      (Lat.), wife; abbr. ux.

21.24 Uzbekistan
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   Uzbekistan
             a Soviet Socialist Republic, not Uzbeg-. See also USSR

22.0 V
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22.1 V...
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   V         five, vanadium, (elec.) volt(s), (Ger.) Vergeltungswaffe
             (reprisal weapon: V1, flying bomb; V2, rocket); not used in the
             numeration of series

   V.        Vice, Volunteers

   v.        verse, verso, versus, very, (meteor.) unusual visibility, (Ger.)
             von (of)

   v         (mech.), velocity

   v.        (Lat.), vice (in place of), vide (see), (It. mus.) violino
             (violin), voce (voice)

22.2 VA...
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   VA        Vicar Apostolic, vice-admiral, (Order of) Victoria and Albert
             (for ladies), Virginia (off. postal abbr.)

   Va.       Virginia (off. abbr.); (mus.)  viola

   v.a.      verb active; (Lat.) vixit...  annos (lived [so many] years)

   vaccinat/e
             to inoculate with vaccine; -ion, -or

   vacillat/e
             to move from side to side, to waver; -ion, -or

   vacu/um   pl. -ums, or -a in scientific and technical use

   vacuum/ cleaner, -- flask, -- pump
             (two words)

   VAD       Voluntary Aid Detachment (for nursing)

   vade-mecum/
             a handbook or other article carried on the person; pl. -s
             (hyphen)

   vae victis!
             (lat.), woe to the vanquished!

   vaille que vaille
             (Fr.), whatever it may be worth, at all events

   vainglor/y, -ious
             (one word)

   Vaisya    Hindu farmer and merchant caste

   valance   short curtain or drapery. See also valence

   vale!     (Lat.), farewell!, pl.  valete!; vale (noun), a farewell (not
             ital.)

   valence   (chem.), combining power of an element. See also valance,
             valency

   Valencia  Ireland, Spain

   Valenciennes
             rich kind of lace (cap.)

   valency   (chem.), unit of combining power of an element. See also valence

   Valentia (Viscount)
             not -cia

   valentine a sweetheart; a card or message sent to or received by one (not
             cap.)

   Valentine's Day (St)
             14 Feb.  (apos.)

   valet     a gentleman's personal attendant (not ital.)

   valeta    use vel-

   Valetta   Malta, use Vall-

   Valhalla  (Norse myth.), palace in which souls of dead heroes feasted, not
             W-. See also Hel

   Valkyrie  (Norse myth.), each of Odin's twelve handmaidens, pl.  same, not
             W-

   Valladolid
             Spain

   Valletta  Malta, not Vale-, -eta

   Vallombrosa
             N. Italy, not Vallam-

   valorize  artificially fix price, not -ise

   valour    but valorous

   Valparaiso
             Chile

   valse/    waltz; valse … deux temps, … trois temps (Fr., no hyphens),
             variations of the waltz

   value added tax
             (three words), abbr. VAT

   van       van den, van der, as prefix to a proper name, usu. not initial
             cap., except at beginning of sentence. Signatures to be copied

   vanadium  symbol V

   Van Allen belt
             or layer, of radiation surrounding the earth

   Vanbrugh (Sir John)
             1664-1726, English architect and playwright

   Van Buren (Martin)
             1782-1862, US President 1837-41

   V. & A.   Victoria and Albert Museum

   Vandal    (member) of Germanic people of 4th-5th cc. (cap.); vandal,
             wilful destroyer of art or property (not cap.)

   vandalize not -ise

   van de Graaff (Robert Jemison)
             1905-67, US physicist

   Van Diemen's Land
             not -- Dieman's -- (apos.) now Tasmania

   Van Dijck (Christoffel)
             1601-?69, typefounder; his work (now largely lost) served as
             model for Caslon (q.v.) and for the Monotype van Dijck (1935)

   Van Dyck (Sir Anthony)
             1599-1641, Flemish painter (two words); Anglicized form Vandyke/
             (one word), used to denote a work by him, and in -- beard, --
             brown; vandyke, each of series of points bordering lace etc.
             (not cap.)

   Vane-Tempest-Stewart
             family name of Marquess of Londonderry (hyphens)

   Van Eyck (Hubert)
             1366-1426, and -- (Jan), 1385-1440, his brother, Flemish
             painters

   Van Gogh (Vincent)
             1853-90, Dutch painter

   Vanhomrigh (Esther)
             1692-1723, Swift's 'Vanessa'

   Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
             publishers

   Van't Hoff (Jacobus Hendricus)
             1852-1911, Dutch physicist and chemist

   Vanuatu   formerly New Hebrides, indep. 1980

   vaporiz/e not -ise; -er, not -or

   vapour    but vapor/ific, -iform, -imeter, -ous

   Var       river and d‚p. France

   var.      (biol.) variety

   Varanasi  see Benares

   vari/a lectio/
             (Lat.), a variant reading, abbr. v.l.; pl. -ae -nes, abbr.
             vv.ll.

   variegated
             diversified (usu. in colour)

   variety   (biol.), abbr. var. See also botany

   variorum edition
             one with notes by various commentators

   variorum notae
             (Lat.), notes by commentators

   vas/      (anat.), a duct; pl. -a

   vascul/um a botanist's specimen-case; pl. -a

   vas deferens
             spermatic duct, pl. vasa deferentia

   vasectomy excision of vas deferens

   Vaseline  propr. term for type of petroleum jelly (cap.)

   vassal    feudal retainer

   Vassar College
             New York

   VAT       value added tax

   Vat.      Vatican

   Vaudois   use Waldenses

   Vaughan Williams (Ralph)
             1872-1958, English composer

   Vauvenargues (Luc de Clapiers, marquis de)
             1715-47, French writer

   v. aux.   verb auxiliary

   Vaux of Harrowden (Baron)

22.3 vb.
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   vb.       verb

22.4 VC...
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   VC        vice-chairman, -- -chancellor, -- -consul, Victoria Cross

   VCH       Victoria County History

   v. Chr.   (Ger.), vor Christo or vor Christi Geburt, BC

22.5 VD...
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   VD        venereal disease, Volunteer (Officers') Decoration

   v.d.      various dates

   v. dep.   verb deponent

   VDH       valvular disease of the heart

   VDU       (comp.), visual display unit

22.6 VE...
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   VE        victory in Europe (VE day 8 May 1945)

   veau      (Fr. m.), calf, (cook.) veal, (bind.) calf, calfskin

   VEB       Volkseigener Betrieb, state-owned company (GDR)

   Veda      (sing. and pl.), anc. Hindu scriptures (cap.)

   Vedda     aboriginal of Sri Lanka

   vedette   mounted sentinel, patrol boat, not vi-

   veg       colloq. for vegetable(s) (no point)

   Vega (Garcilaso de la)
             see Garcilaso

   Vega Carpio (Lope Felix de)
             known as Lope de Vega, 1562-1635, Spanish playwright and poet

   vehmgericht
             German medieval system of tribunals (not ital.); adj. vehmic

   veille    (Fr. f.), the day before, eve. See also vieille, vielle

   Vel zquez (Diego Rodriguez de Silva y)
             1599-1660, Spanish painter, not Velas-

   veld      (Afrik.), open country, not -dt

   veleta    a dance in triple time; not val-

   Velikovsky (Immanuel)
             1895-1979, Russian-born writer on astronomy

   vellum/   fine parchment; -- - paper, that imitating vellum

   veloce    (mus.), quickly

   velocity  (mech.), symbol v

   velour    plushlike fabric, not -ours

   velout‚   (cook.), sauce of white stock mixed with cooked butter and flour
             (not ital.)

   vel/um    membrane, pl. -a

   velveteen velvet-like cotton fabric

   velvety   not -tty

   Ven.      Venerable (used for archdeacons only)

   ven/a cav/a
             each of veins carrying blood to heart, pl. -ae -ae

   venal/    (of person) bribable; (of conduct) sordid; -ity, -ly. See also
             venial

   venation  arrangement of veins in leaf

   Vend‚e (La)
             d‚p. France; adj.  Vendean, of the royalist party, 1793-5

   vend/ee   person to whom one sells; -er, use -or

   vendetta/ a blood feud, pl. -s (not ital.)

   vendeuse  (Fr. f.), saleswoman

   vendible  that may be sold, not -able

   Vend“me   d‚p. Loir-et-Cher, France; Colonne --, and Place --, Paris

   vendor    seller, not -er

   venepuncture
             (med.), puncture of a vein, not veni-

   venerat/e, -or


   venere/al, -ology


   venery    (arch.), hunting; sexual indulgence

   venesection
             phlebotomy, not veni-

   Venet.    Venetian

   venetian blind
             (not cap.)

   Venezuela S. American rep.; abbr. Venez.

   venial    (of sin) pardonable. See also venal

   Venice    Italy, in Fr. Venise, Ger. Venedig, It. Venezia

   Venn diagram
             set of circles representing logical categories (one cap.)

   venose    having prominent veins

   ven/ous   of the veins, -osity

   ventilat/e, -or


   ventre … terre
             (Fr.), at full speed

   ventriloquize
             not -ise

   Venus's/ comb
             a white-flowered weed; -- fly-trap, a herb; -- girdle,
             ribbon-like jellyfish; -- slipper, lady's slipper (one cap.,
             -us's)

   veranda   not -ah

   verb      abbr. vb.

   verb.     (Ger.), verbessert (improved, revised)

   verbalize to put into words, not -ise

   verbatim  (Lat.), word for word (not ital.)

   verboten  (Ger.), forbidden

   verbum satis sapienti
             (Lat.), a word to the wise suffices; abbr.  verb. sap.

   verd-antique
             a stone, not verde- (hyphen)

   verderer  forester, not -or

   verdigris green rust on copper, not verde-

   Verein    (Ger. m.), Association (cap.)

   Vereinigte Staaten
             Ger. for United States (of America)

   Vereshchagin (Vasili Vasilievich)
             1842-1904, Russian painter

   Verey light
             use Very

   Verfasser (Ger. m.), author, abbr. Verf.

   verger    an attendant in a church.  See also virger

   Vergil (Polydore)
             1470-1555, Italian humanist

   Vergilius (Publius -- Maro)
             70-19 BC, Roman poet, usu.  Anglicized as Virgil

   verglas   thin layer of ice or sleet (not ital.)

   vergleiche
             (Ger.), compare; abbr. vgl.

   verismo/  realism in art, pl. -s (not ital.)

   Verlag    (Ger. m.), publishing house

   vermilion not -llion

   Vermont   off. abbr. Vt. or (postal) VT

   vermouth  an appetizer

   Verner's law
             (phonet.), relating to voicing of fricatives in Germanic
             languages (one cap.)

   Veronese (Paolo)
             1528-88, Italian painter, real name Cagliari

   Verrocchio (Andrea del)
             1435-88, Italian painter and sculptor, not the many variants

   verruc/a  wart, pl. -ae

   Versailles
             near Paris

   vers de soci‚t‚
             (Fr. m.), society verses

   verse     abbr. v. or ver., pl. vv.

   versicle  short verse in liturgy said or sung by minister, followed by
             people's (or choir's) response (See Figure 4 in topic FRONT_4)

   vers libre
             (Fr. m.), free verse

   verso/    (typ.), the left-hand page, usu. having an even page number, 2,
             4, 6, etc.; abbr. v. (not ital.); pl. -s

   versus    (Lat.), against (not ital.); abbr. v. or vs.

   vert      (her.), green

   vert.     vertical

   vertebr/a a segment of the backbone; pl. -ae (not ital.)

   vertebrate
             animal with a spinal column, of phylum Vertebrata

   vert/ex   biggest point, angular point of triangle etc.; pl.  -ices

   vertical  abbr. vert.

   vertig/o  giddiness, pl. -os; adj.  -inous

   vertu     use virtu

   Vertue (George)
             1684-1756, English engraver

   verve     spirit (not ital.)

   vervet    small Afr. monkey

   Verwoerd (Hendrik Frensch)
             1901-66, Prime Minister of Republic of South Africa, 1958-66

   Very light
             a flare fired from a pistol, not Verey

   Very Revd Very Reverend (for deans, provosts, and former moderators)

   vespiary  a nest of wasps

   Vespucci (Amerigo)
             1454-1512, Italian navigator

   vestigia  (Lat. pl.), traces

   vet/      colloq. for veterinary surgeon (no point); to examine carefully;
             -ted, -ting

   veteran   car made before 1916.  See also vintage

   veto/     ban; pl. -es

   veuf      (Fr. m.), widower

   veuve     (Fr. f.), widow; abbr.  Vve

   Vevey     Switzerland, not -ay

   vexata quaestio
             (Lat.), a disputed question

   vexillology
             study of flags (three ls)

   vexill/um anc. Rom. military standard, pl. -a (not ital.)

22.7 v.f.
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   v.f.      very fair

22.8 VG...
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   VG        Vicar-General

   v.g.      very good

   vgl.      (Ger. for cf.), vergleiche, compare

22.9 VHF
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   VHF       very high frequency

22.10 v.i....
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   v.i.      verb intransitive

   v.i.      (Lat.), vide infra (see below)

   via       by way of; not -ѓ (not ital.)

   via media (Lat.), a middle course (ital.)

   vibrato/  (mus.), rapid variation of pitch, pl. -s

   vibrator  not -er

   Vic.      vicar, -age, Victoria

   vicar/    in Ch. of England, an incumbent of a parish who is not a rector,
             q.v.; adj. -ial

   Vicar/-Apostolic
             abbr. VA; -- -General, VG

   vicarious delegated, exercised or suffered by one person for another

   Vicar's College
             a cathedral residence

   vice      a tool, US vise

   vice      in place of (ital.)

   vice/     abbr. V.; -- -admiral, abbr. VA; -- -chairman, VC; --
             -chamberlain; -- -chancellor, -- -consul, VC; -- -president, VP
             (caps. as titles)

   vicegerent
             a deputy (one word)

   viceregent
             cap. as title (one word)

   vicereine woman viceroy or viceroy's wife (cap. as title)

   viceroy   (cap. as title); adj.  viceregal

   vice versa
             (Lat.), the order being reversed (no hyphen or accent, not
             ital.), abbr. v.v.

   vichyssoise
             chilled soup of leeks and potatoes

   vicomt/e  (Fr.), Viscount; fem.  -esse (not cap.)

   victimize not -ise

   Victoria/ abbr. Vic.; -- and Albert (Order of), for ladies, abbr. VA; --
             Cross, abbr. VC; -- Nyanza, use Lake Victoria

   victoria  a carriage, a S. Amer.  water-lily, a pigeon (not cap.)

   victor ludorum
             most successful competitor (not ital.)

   victual/, -led, -ler, -ling


   vicu¤a    S. Amer. mammal, cloth made from its wool or an imitation of it

   vide/     (Lat.), see, abbr. v.; -- ante, see above; -- infra, see below,
             abbr. v.i.; videlicet, namely (one word), abbr. viz.; vide/post,
             see below; -- supra, see above, abbr. v.s.

   vide      (Fr. mus.), open (of strings)

   video/    recording or broadcasting of photographic images, pl.  -s;
             -cassette, -recorder (hyphens)

   videophone
             telephone transmitting picture of speaker (one word)

   videotape (to use) tape for recording television broadcasts (one word)

   vidette   use ve-

   videtur   (Lat.), it seems

   vide ut supra
             (Lat.), see as above

   vidimus   (Lat. 'we have seen'), certified copy of accounts etc.  (not
             ital.)

   vie       (rival), vying

   vieille   (Fr. f.), an old woman. See also veille

   vielle    a hurdy-gurdy. See also veille

   Vienn/a   in Ger. Wien, in Fr.  -e; adj. -ese

   Vienne    town in d‚p. IsЉre, France; river, tributary of R.  Loire. See
             also Haute-Vienne

   viennoise (… la)
             (Fr.), in Viennese style (not cap.)

   vient de paraЊtre
             (Fr.), just published

   Vientiane Laos

   Vierkleur (Afrik.), flag of Transvaal Republic

   vi et armis
             (Lat.), by force and arms

   Vietcong  former guerrilla force in S. Vietnam

   Vietnam/  SE Asia; adj. -ese

   vieux jeu (Fr. m.), an outworn subject

   viewfinder
             (one word)

   view halloo
             (hunt.), not the many variants

   viewpoint (one word)

   vif       (Fr. mus.), lively, briskly

   vigesimo  use twentymo

   vigesimo-quarto
             use twenty-fourmo

   vigilante/
             member of vigilance body, pl. -s (not ital.)

   vignettes (typ.), illustrations with undefined edges

   vigour    but vigorous

   Viking    Scandinavian trader and pirate of eighth to tenth cc.

   vilayet   Turkish province; abbr.  vila.

   vilif/y   to disparage; -ied, -ier, -ying

   village   abbr. vil.

   villain/  an evil-doer, (colloq.) a rascal; -ous, -y. See also villein

   Villa-Lobos (Heitor)
             1887-1959, Brazilian composer

   villeggiatura
             (It. f), country holiday

   vill‚giature
             (Fr. f.), country holiday

   villein/  a serf; -age. See also villain

   Villiers  family name of Earls of Clarendon and Jersey; -- de l'Isle Adam
             (Jean Marie Mathias Philippe Auguste, comte de), 1838-89, French
             writer

   Vilnius   cap. of Lithuania, USSR

   vinaigrette
             smelling-bottle, not vineg(a)r-

   Vinci (Leonardo)
             1690-1730, Italian composer; -- (Leonardo da), see Leonardo

   vin du pays
             (Fr. m.), wine of the neighbourhood

   vineg(a)rette
             use vinaigrette

   vingt-et-un
             (Fr. m.), a card-game

   vintage   car made between 1917 and 1930. See also veteran

   vinyl     chem. radical, plastic containing it

   viol/ate, -able, -ator
             not -er

   violino   (It.), voilin; abbr. v.

   Viollet-le-duc (EugЉne Emmanuel)
             1814-79, French architect

   violoncell/o
             not violin-; pl.  -os; usu. shortened to cello; -ist

   VIP       very important person

   virago/   termagant; pl. -s

   Virchow (Rudolf)
             1821-1902, German pathologist

   virelay   short (esp. old French) lyric poem

   virger    spelling of verger at certain cathedrals, such as St.  Paul's
             and Winchester

   Virgil    see Vergilius

   Virginia/ off abbr. Va. or (postal) VA; -- creeper (bot.), not -ian

   virginibus puerisque
             (Lat.), for girls and boys

   virg/o intact/a
             virgin with hymen intact, pl. -ines -ae (not ital.)

   virgule   (typ.), solidus

   virgule   (Fr. typ. f), comma

   virtu/    love of fine arts, virtuosity; -- (articles of), artistic
             articles of interesting workmanship, antiquity, or rarity, not
             ve-, -ue (not ital.)

   virtuos/o one skilled in an art, pl. -i

   virus/    a submicroscopic infective agent; pl. -es

   vis/      (Lat. f.), force, pl. vires; -- a tergo, force from behind

   visa/     permit or endorsement on a passport (not ital.); pl. -s; as
             verb, -ed, not -'d

   vis-…-vis (Fr.), face to face (hyphens)

   visc/era  pl., interior organs, esp.  in the abdomen; sing. -us

   viscount/, -ess
             (cap. as title); abbr. Visc.

   viscount/cy, -ship
             the rank or jurisdiction of a viscount; -y only in hist. use

   viscous   sticky

   vise      a tool, US for vice

   Vishnu    Hindu god

   visier    use vizier

   vis/ inertiae
             (Lat.) force of inanimate matter; -- major, superior force; --
             medicatrix naturae, nature's power of healing

   visit/, -ed, -ing, -or
             not -er

   visitors' book
             not -or's

   visor     part of helmet, peak of cap, sun-shield in car etc., not viz-

   vista/    a view; pl. -s

   visualize not -ise

   vis viva  (Lat.), living force

   vitalize  not -ise

   vitell/us yolk of egg, pl. -i

   vitiat/e  to spoil; -or

   viticulture
             culture of vines

   Vitoria   Spain; battle, 1813

   vitriol/  (oil of), sulphuric acid; -- (blue), copper sulphate; (green),
             ferrous sulphate; (white), zinc sulphate

   vituperat/e
             to revile; -or

   viva/     short for viva voce (q.v.), pl. -s; as verb, -ed, not -'d

   viva!     (It.), long live!

   vivace    (mus.), lively, quickly

   vivandi/er
             (Fr.), fem. -Љre, army sutler

   vivant rex et regina!
             (Lat.), long live the King and Queen!

   vivari/um enclosure for living things; pl. -a

   vivat/ regina!
             (Lat.), long live the Queen! -- rex! ditto the King!

   viva/ voce
             orally, not vivѓ; also noun, an oral examination, pl.  -- voces,
             and (with hyphen) verb (not ital.). See also viva

   vive/!    (Fr.), long live! -- la bagatelle! ditto trifles! -- la
             diff‚rence! ditto the difference! -- la R‚publique! ditto the
             Republic!

   vivisect/, -ion, -or


   vixit...annos
             (Lat.), lived (so many) years; abbr. v.a.

   viz.      videlicet (namely) (not ital.; comma before, but prefer namely)

   vizier    a Muslim official, not -ir, -sier

   vizor     use visor

22.11 VJ
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   VJ        victory over Japan (VJ day 15 Aug. 1945; in US 2 Sept.  1945)

22.12 v.l....
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   v.l.      varia lectio (a variant reading)

   Vlach     Bulgarian form of Walachian

   Vlaminck (Maurice de)
             1876-1958, French painter

   Vlissingen
             Du. for Flushing

22.13 v.M....
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   v.M.      (Ger.), vorigen Monats (last month)

   VMH       Victoria Medal of Honour

22.14 v.n.
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   v.n.      verb neuter

22.15 VO...
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   VO        Veterinary Officer, (Royal) Victorian Order

   voc.      vocative

   vocab.    vocabulary

   vocalize  not -ise

   vocative  abbr. voc.

   voce      (It. mus.), voice; abbr. v.

   vogue la galЉre!
             (Fr.), happen what may!

   VogЃ‚ (EugЉne Melchior, vicomte de)
             1848-1910, French essayist

   voice/-box; -over
             narration without picture of speaker; -print (hyphens)

   voil…/    (Fr.), see there! -- tout, a that is all

   voile     semitransparent dress-material (not ital.)

   vol.      volume

   VolapЃk   an artificial international language, invented by J. M.
             Schleyer, 1879

   volatilize
             not -ise

   vol-au-vent
             (Fr. cook. m.), filled puff-pastry case (not ital.)

   volcano/  pl. -es

   Volgograd USSR, formerly Tsaritsyn, then Stalingrad

   v”lkerwanderung
             (Ger. f.), 4th-6th-c. migration of Germanic peoples

   Volksausgabe
             (Ger. f.), popular edition

   Volkslied/
             (Ger. n.), a folk-song; pl. -er (cap.)

   Volkswagen
             German make of car, abbr. VW

   vols.     volumes

   volt/     (elec.), abbr. V, SI unit of potential difference; -- -ampere
             (hyphen)

   Voltairean
             not -ian

   voltameter
             for measuring electric current by electrolysis

   volte-face
             (Fr.), a turning about (not ital.)

   volti subito
             (It. mus.), turn over quickly; abbr. v.s.

   voltmeter for measuring electric potential

   volume    abbr. vol., pl. vols.

   voluntarism
             doctrine of financial independence of Church; (philos.) belief
             in dominance of will; belief in importance of voluntary action;
             not -aryism

   Volunteers
             abbr. V.

   von       as prefix to a proper name, usu. not initial cap., except at
             beginning of sentence. Signatures to be copied

   voodoo    witchcraft, not vudu

   voortrekker
             (Afrik.), pioneer

   vor/ Christi Geburt, -- Christo
             (Ger.), BC; abbr. v.  Chr.

   vort/ex   whirlpool, whirling mass, engrossing system; pl.  -exes (but
             -ices in scientific and technical use)

   votable   not -eable

   vouch/er  a coupon; one who vouches, in law -or

   voussoir  (archit.), tapered stone in arch (not ital.)

   vowelize  not -ise

   vox/      (Lat. f.), voice, pl. voces; -- et praeterea nihil, voice and
             nothing else; -- humana, an organ-stop; -- populi, public
             sentiment

   voyeur    one who spies on sexual activity (not ital.)

   voyez!    (Fr.), see! look!

22.16 VP
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   VP        vice-president

22.17 VR...
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   VR        variant reading, Victoria Regina (Queen Victoria), Volunteer
             Reserve

   vraisemblance
             appearance of truth (not ital.)

   VRD       Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Officers' Decoration

   v. refl.  verb reflexive

   VRI       Victoria Regina et Imperatrix (Victoria Queen and Empress)

22.18 VS...
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   VS        Veterinary Surgeon

   vs.       versus

   v.s.      (Lat.), vide supra (see above); (It. mus.) volti subito (turn
             over quickly)

   VSO       Voluntary Service Overseas

   VSOP      very special old pale

22.19 VT...
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   VT        Vermont (off. postal abbr.)

   Vt.       Vermont (off. abbr.)

   v.t.      verb transitive

   VTOL      vertical take-off and landing

22.20 vudu...
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   vudu      use voodoo

   Vuillard (Jean ђdouard)
             1868-1940, French painter

   Vuillaume (Jean Baptiste)
             1798-1875, most important of French family of makers of bowed
             instruments

   vulcanize to treat rubber with sulphur at high temperature, not -ise

   Vulg.     the Vulgate

   vulg.     vulgar, -ly

   vulgarize not -ise

   Vulgate   the Latin Bible of the RCC; abbr. Vulg.; vulgate, accepted text
             of an author (not cap.)

   vulgo     (Lat.), commonly

22.21 vv....
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   vv.       verses, (mus.) first and second violins

   v.v.      vice versa

   Vve       (Fr.), Veuve (widow)

   vv. ll.   variae lectiones (variant readings)

22.22 VW
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   VW        Very Worshipful, Volkswagen

22.23 v.y....
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   v.y.      (bibliog.), various years

   Vyborg    USSR

   vying     see vie

   Vyrnwy    lake and river, Powys

23.0 W
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23.1 W...
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   W         watt, -s; wolfram (tungsten); not used in the numeration of
             series

   W.        Wales, warden, Wednesday, Welsh, west, -ern

   w.        week, -s, (cricket) wide, wife, (meteor.) wet dew

23.2 WA...
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   WA        Washington State (off.  postal abbr.), Western Australia

   WAAF      Women's Auxiliary Air Force, earlier and later WRAF

   wabbl/e, -y
             use wo-

   waddy     Australian Aboriginal's war-club

   Wade-Giles
             see Chinese

   wadi/     (Arab.), the dry bed of a torrent, not -y; pl. -s

   w.a.f.    with all faults

   W. Afr.   West Africa

   wag/      a joker, -gery, -gish

   wage-earner
             (hyphen)

   waggly    waving, unsteady, not -ey

   wagon/    -er, ette, not wagg-

   wagon/    (Fr. m.), a railway carriage; wagon-lit, sleeping-car, pl.
             wagons-lits (hyphen, not ital. in Eng. usage)

   wagtail   a bird (one word)

   Wahabi    a sect formed by Abd-el-Wahhab (1691-1787) to restore primitive
             Islam, not Wahh-, -bees

   Wahrheit (Dichtung und)
             (Ger.) (Fiction and Truth), by Goethe (1811-33)

   Waiapu (Bp. of)
             New Zealand

   Wai-hai-wei
             use Weihaiwei (one word)

   Waikiki Beach
             Hawaii

   Wainfleet Lincs.

   wainscot/ panelled woodwork on an interior wall; -ed, -ing

   waist/band, -belt
             (one word)

   waiting/ -list, -room
             (hyphens)

   wake      past woke, partic.  woken

   Wakefield:
             sig. of Bp. of Wakefield (colon)

   Wakley (Thomas)
             1795-1862, English doctor, founded The Lancet in 1823. See also
             Walkley

   Wal.      Walloon

   Walachian one of a non-Slav people of SE Europe, not Wall-

   Waldenses religious sect, not Vaudois

   Waldteufel (ђmile)
             1837-1952, French composer

   wale      a flesh mark, use weal

   wale-knot not wall-

   Waler     a NSW horse

   Wales     abbr. W.

   Walhalla  use V-

   walkabout Austral. Aboriginal's period of wandering in the bush; informal
             stroll among crowd by royal person etc. (one word)

   walkie-talkie
             portable transmitter and receiver, not -y -y

   walking-stick
             (hyphen)

   Walkley (Arthur Bingham)
             1855-1926, English dramatic critic. See also Wakley

   walk-over an easy victory (hyphen); abbr. w.o.

   WalkЃre (Die)
             second part of Wagner's Ring des Nibelungen, 1870

   Walkyrie  use V-

   walla     use wallah

   wallaby   a small kangaroo, not the many variants

   Wallace (Alfred Russel not -ell)
             1823-1913, English naturalist; -- (Sir Donald Mackenzie),
             1841-1919, English writer; -- (George Corley), b. 1919, US
             politician; -- (Henry Agard), 1888-1965, US politician; --
             (Lewis, 'Lew'), 1827-1905, US general and author; -- (Sir
             Richard), 1818-90, English art collector and philanthropist (The
             Wallace Collection, London); -- (Prof. Robert), 1853-1939,
             Scottish agricultural writer; -- (Sir William), 1272-1305,
             Scottish hero; -- (William Vincent), 1812-65, Irish composer.
             See also Wallas, Wallis

   Wallachian
             use Wala-

   wallah    (Anglo-Ind., now slang), a man (usu. in some specified
             connection)

   Wallas (Graham)
             1858-1932, English socialist writer. See also Wallace, Wallis

   wall-eye(d)
             (hyphen)

   wallflower
             (one word)

   Wallis (Sir Barnes)
             1887-1979, British inventor; -- (George Harry), 1847-1936,
             English art writer; -- (John), 1616-1703, English mathematician,
             a founder of the Royal Society. See also Wallace, Wallas

   wall-knot use wale-knot

   Walloon   (a speaker of) a French dialect of S. Belgium and parts of N.
             France; abbr.  Wal.

   Wallop    family name of Earl of Portsmouth

   wall-painting
             (hyphen)

   wallpaper (one word)

   Wall Street
             New York

   Walpurgis night
             the one preceding 1 May

   Walton (Izaak not Isaac)
             1593-1683, English author of Compleat Angler

   waltz     a dance (not ital.); in Fr.  f. valse; in Ger. m. Walzer (ital.)

   Walvis Bay
             Namibia

   wanderlust
             (one word)

   W. & M.   William and Mary (King and Queen)

   wapiti    American elk, not wapp-

   War.      Warwickshire

   war/ baby, bride, crime
             (two words)

   Warboys   Cambs.

   war/ -cloud, -cry
             (hyphens)

   Ward      (Artemas), 1727-1800 American Revolutionary general; --
             (Artemus), pseud. of Charles Farrar Browne, 1834-67, US
             humorist; -- (Mrs Humphry, not -rey), 1851-1920, English
             novelist (Mary Augusta Arnold)

   war damage
             (two words)

   war-dance (hyphen)

   warden    abbr. W.

   war/ -game, -god
             (hyphens)

   warhead   (one word)

   war-horse (hyphen)

   Warlock (Peter)
             pseud. of Philip Heseltine, 1894-1930, English composer

   war-lord  (hyphen)

   warmonger (one word)

   War Office
             abbr. WO, now see M.o.D.

   war/ -paint, -path
             (hyphens)

   warrant/er
             one who authorizes or guarantees; -or (law), one who gives
             warranty

   warrant-officer
             (hyphen)

   war/ship, -time
             (one word)

   Warwickshire
             abbr. War.

   Wash.     Washington State (off.  abbr.)

   wash-basin
             (hyphen)

   washboard (one word)

   wash-drawing
             one made with a brush and black or grey water-colour

   wash-house
             (hyphen)

   Washington
             State of US, off.  abbr. Wash. or (postal) WA

   Washington
             DC, US capital

   wash-out  (noun, hyphen)

   wasn't    to be printed close up

   WASP      white Anglo-Saxon Protestant

   Wassermann
             blood test for syphilis, from August von Wassermann, 1866-1925,
             German bacteriologist

   wastable  not -eable

   waste-paper basket
             (one hyphen)

   watch/base, -chain, -dog, -fire
             (hyphens)

   watch/maker, -man
             (one word)

   watch-tower
             (hyphen)

   watchword (one word)

   water/-bird, -bottle, -closet
             abbr. WC, -colour (hyphens)

   water/course, -fall, -fowl, -front
             (one word)

   water-hole
             (hyphen)

   watering-place
             (hyphen)

   water/-jump, -level, -lily, -line, -main
             (hyphens)

   water/logged, -man
             (one word)

   watermark (typ.), a design in the paper itself (one word)

   water/-melon, -mill
             (hyphens)

   water polo
             (two words)

   waterproof
             (one word)

   water-rate
             (hyphen)

   water/shed, -side, -spout, -tight
             (one word)

   water torture
             (two words)

   water-tower
             (hyphen)

   water/way, -works
             (one word)

   Watling Street
             a Roman road in England

   watt      (phys.), unit of power; abbr. W

   Watteau (Jean Antoine)
             1684-1721, French painter, whence -- hat etc.

   Watts-Dunton (Walter Theodore)
             1832-1914, English man of letters

   Waugh (Alec)
             1898-1981, -- (Auberon), b. 1940, son of next, and -- (Evelyn
             Arthur St John), 1903-66, English writers

   waul      a cat-cry, not -wl

   wave/band, -guide
             (one word)

   wavelength
             (one word)

   wave number
             (two words)

   wavey     use wavy

   wavy      not wavey

   wax/cloth, -work
             (one word)

   Waynflete (William of)
             1395-1486, Bp. of Winchester, Lord Chancellor

   Waziristan
             formerly NW Frontier Province of India, not Wazar-

23.3 Wb...
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   Wb        weber

   WBA       West Bromwich Albion

23.4 WC...
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   WC        water-closet, West-Central postal district of London, without
             charge

   WCC       World Council of Churches

   W/Cdr.    Wing Commander

23.5 WD
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   WD        War Department

23.6 w/e...
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   w/e       week ending

   WEA       Workers' Educational Association

   weak      abbr. wk.

   weal      a flesh mark, not wale

   wear      a dam, use weir

   weather/cock, man
             (one word)

   weazen    use wizened

   Webb (Beatrice)
             1858-1943, wife of -- (Sidney James, Baron Passfield),
             1859-1947, English economists and sociologists; -- (Mary),
             1881-1927, English novelist

   weber     (phys.), unit of magnetic flux, abbr. Wb

   web/-fed  (typ.), presses which receive paper from a reel and not as
             separate sheets;-- -letterpress, -- -offset

   Webster (Daniel)
             1782-1852, US statesman) and orator; (Noah), 1758-1843, US
             lexicographer

   wedding breakfast
             (two words)

   wedding/-cake, -day
             (hyphens)

   wedding march
             (two words)

   wedding-ring
             (hyphen)

   Wedgwood ware
             not Wedge-, a superior kind of pottery, invented by Josiah
             Wedgwood, 1730-95

   Wednesday abbr. W. or Wed.

   week/     -s, abbr. w. or wk.

   week/day, -end
             (one word)

   Weelkes (Thomas)
             c. 1575-1623, English composer

   weepie    (colloq.), a sentimental film, play, etc.

   weepy     (colloq.), tearful

   weever    a fish

   weevil    a beetle

   w.e.f.    with effect from

   Wehrmacht (Ger. hist. f.), German armed forces (cap., ital.)

   Weidenfeld (George) & Nicolson, Ltd.
             publishers

   weighbridge
             (one word)

   weight    abbr. wt.

   weights   use numerals; abbreviations as cwt., g., lb., oz., not to have s
             added for the plural, but add s in qrs. See Hart's Rules, p. 3

   Weihaiwei China, not Wai-hai-wei

   Weil (Adolf)
             1848-1916, German physician; -- (Simone), 1909-43, French
             philosopher

   Weill (Kurt)
             1900-50, German-born US composer

   Weimaraner
             breed of dog

   Weingartner (Paul Felix)
             1863-1942, German conductor and composer

   weir      a dam across a river, not wear

   Weismann/ (August)
             1834-1914, German zoologist; -ism, a theory of heredity

   Weissnichtwo
             (Ger. for Know-not-where), in Carlyle's Sartor Resartus

   Weizmann/ (Chaim)
             1874-1952, Polish-born chemist and Zionist leader; -- Institute,
             Israel

   Weizs„cker (Carl Friedrich Freiherr von)
             b. 1912, German philosopher and physicist; -- (Julius), 1828-89,
             German historian; -- (Karl), 1822-99, German theologian

   welch     use welsh

   Welch Fusiliers (Royal)
             (but Welsh Guards)

   Welfare State
             (two words, caps.)

   welk      use whelk

   we'll     to be printed close up

   well-     prefix joined to participles in -ed or -ing takes hyphens when
             the compound is used attrib., and to preserve the unity of the
             sense when it is used predic., e.g. a well-known book; the book
             is well known; the action was not well-advised; he has not been
             well advised

   well/-being, -doer
             (hyphens)

   Welles (Orson)
             b. 1915, US actor and film-director

   well-known
             see well-

   wellnigh  (one word)

   well-to-do
             (hyphens)

   well-wisher
             (hyphen)

   Welsh     abbr. W.; alphabet has 26 letters; ch, dd, ff, ng (following g),
             ll, th, being each counted as one. No j, k, q, u, x.

   welsh/    to default in payment, not -lch; -er

   Welsh rabbit
             melted cheese on toast, not rarebit

   Welt/anschauung
             (Ger.), world-philosophy; -politik, participation in
             international politics; -schmerz, world-sorrow

   Wemyss/ Bay
             Strathclyde; -- Castle, Fife; -- (Earl of)

   wen       see wyn

   we're, weren't
             to be printed close up

   werewol/f (myth.), a human capable of turning at times into a wolf; pl.
             -ves, not werw-

   west/     -ern, abbr. W. See also capitalization, compass

   West Africa
             abbr. W. Afr.

   westbound (one word)

   West Bridgford
             Notts., not Bridge-

   West End  London (caps.)

   westeria  use wistaria

   Westermarck (Edward Alexander)
             1862-1939, Finnish anthropologist

   Western Australia
             abbr. WA

   Westhoughton
             Greater Manchester (one word)

   Westmeath Co., Ire.; -- (Earl of) (one word)

   Westmorland
             former county; -- (Earl of), not -eland

   Westonzoyland
             Som. (one word)

   West Virginia
             off. abbr. W.  Va. or (postal) WV

   wetlands  (one word)

   w.f.      (typ.), wrong fount, q.v.  (without points as a proof-correction
             mark).

23.7 WFEO...
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   WFEO      World Federation of Engineering Organizations

   WFTU      World Federation of Trade Unions

23.8 W.G....
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   W.G.      W. G. Grace, 1848-1915, English cricketer

   Wg.-Comdr., Wg/Cdr.
             Wing-Commander

23.9 Wh...
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   Wh        watt-hour

   whalebone (one word)

   whallabee use wallaby

   whar/f    landing-stage; abbr.  whf.; pl. wharves

   Wharfedale
             Yorks.

   Wharncliffe (Earl of)


   what-d'you-call-it?
             (colloq.)  (hyphens, apos.)

   Whately (Richard)
             1787-1863, Abp. of Dublin, not -ey

   whatever  (one word)

   Whatman paper
             a first-quality English handmade drawing-paper (cap.)

   whatnot   indefinite thing; a piece of furniture with shelves (one word)

   what not  many other similar things, e.g. pens, pencils, and what not (two
             words)

   what's-its(or his)-name
             (hyphens)

   whatsoever
             (one word)

   wheatear  a bird (one word)

   Wheatstone bridge
             (elec.)

   wheel/barrow, -base, -chair
             (one word)

   whelk     pimple, mollusc, not we-

   when/ever, -soever
             (one word)

   whereas   (law), a word which introduces the recital of a fact (one word)

   where/ver, -soever
             (one word)

   whether or/ not
             not -- -- no

   whf.      wharf

   which     (gram.), now refers (except as a liturgical archaism)
             exclusively to things; who, to persons

   whidah    Afr. weaver-bird, not why-

   whiffletree
             use whipple-

   Whig/     -gish, -gism (cap.)

   whimbrel  a bird, not wim-

   whimsy    caprice, not -ey

   whinny    (to give) a gentle neigh, not -ey

   whip/cord, -lash
             (one word)

   whipper/-in
             (hunting), pl. -sin

   whippersnapper
             (hyphen)

   whippletree
             the crossbar to which the traces of a harness are attached, not
             whiffle- (one word)

   whippoorwill
             Amer. nightjar (one word)

   whirl/pool, -wind
             (one word)

   whirr     (make) continuous buzzing sound, not whir

   whisky    (Scotch); whiskey (Irish and US)

   Whistler (James Abbott McNeill, not -eil)
             1834-1903, US painter and etcher

   Whitaker & Sons
             publishers of Almanack (not -ac) etc.

   White     a white person (cap.)

   white     (typ.), any space of paper not printed upon; line of --, a line
             not printed upon

   whitebait (one word)

   Whitechapel
             London (one word)

   Whitefield (George)
             1714-70, English preacher, not Whitf-; but pron. wit-

   Whitehall London (one word)

   Whitehorse
             Yukon (one word)

   Whiteing (Richard)
             1840-1928, English journalist and novelist

   white-out polar blizzard (hyphen)

   White Russian Soviet Socialist Republic
             a Soviet Socialist Republic (but use Belorussia).  See also USSR

   White's Club
             London

   whitewash (one word)

   Whitey    derog. for white person (cap.). See also whity

   whitish   not -eish

   Whitman (Walt)
             1819-92, US poet

   Whit/ Monday, Sunday
             seventh after Easter

   Whittier (John Greenleaf)
             1807-92, US poet

   Whittlesey, Cambs.
             not -sea

   whity     whitelike, not -ey. See also Whitey

   whiz/     not whizz; -zed, -zing

   whiz-kid  (colloq.) (hyphen)

   who       see which

   WHO       World Health Organization

   whoa      command to stop

   who'd     to be printed close up

   whodunit  a novel or play of crime detection, not -nnit (one word)

   whole-bound
             (bind.), full-bound (q.v.)

   who'll    to be printed close up

   whooping cough
             not hooping

   whore-house
             a brothel (hyphen)

   who's     who is, to be printed close up (apos.)

   whose     of whom or of which

   Who's Who, Who Was Who
             reference books

   whydah    use whidah

   Whymper (Edward)
             1840-1911, British climber and writer

   Whyte-Melville (George John)
             1821-78, Scottish novelist (hyphen)

23.10 WI...
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   WI        West Ind/ies, -ian; Windward Islands; Wisconsin (off.  postal
             abbr.); Women's Institute

   wich/-elm, -hazel
             use wy-

   Wicliffe  use Wyclif

   widdershins
             use withershins

   wide      (cricket), abbr. w.

   wide awake
             fully awake, (colloq.) alert, knowing (hyphen when attrib.)

   wideawake a kind of hat (one word)

   widespread
             (one word)

   widgeon   a bird, not wig-

   widow     (typ.), a break-line at top of page or column (to be avoided)

   Wieland (Christoph Martin)
             1733-1813, German poet and novelist

   Wien      Ger. for Vienna

   Wiener (Norbert)
             1894-1964, US mathematician and writer on cybernetics

   Wiener-Neustadt
             Austria (hyphen)

   Wiener schnitzel
             veal cutlet dressed with breadcrumbs (two words, one cap.)

   Wieniawski (Henri)
             1835-80, Polish violinist and composer; -- (Joseph), 1837-1912,
             his brother, Polish pianist and composer

   Wiesbaden W. Germany

   wife      abbr. w.

   wigeon    use widg-

   Wiggin (Kate Douglas)
             1856-1923, US educator and novelist

   Wight (Isle of)
             abbr. IOW, I.o.W., or IW

   Wigorn:   former sig. of Bp. of Worcester (colon)

   Wigton    Cumbria

   Wigtown   district and town, Dumfries & Galloway

   Wilamowitz-Moellendorf (Ulrich von)
             1848-1931, German classical scholar

   wildcat   a hot-tempered person; reckless or sudden (one word)

   Wilde (Henry)
             1833-1919, English physicist; -- (Oscar Fingall O'Flahertie
             Wills), 1856-1900, Irish playwright and poet

   wildebeest
             a gnu; in Afrik.  wildebees/, pl. -te

   wild/fire, -fowl
             (one word)

   wild-goose chase
             (one hyphen)

   wildlife  (one word)

   wilful/, -ly, -ness
             not will-

   Wilhelmj (August Emil Daniel Ferdinand)
             1845-1908, German violinist

   Wilhelmshaven
             former German naval station (one word)

   Wilhelmstrasse
             Berlin, the former German Downing Street

   Williams & Glyn's Bank, Ltd.


   Willkie (Wendell Lewis)
             1892-1944, US politician

   will-o'-the-wisp
             the ignis fatuus, elusive person, delusive hope (apos., hyphens)

   will-power
             (hyphen)

   willy-nilly
             (hyphen)

   Wiltshire abbr. Wilts.

   Wimborne (Viscount)


   Wimborne Minster
             Dorset

   wimbrel   use wh-

   Wimpy     propr. term for a kind of hamburger (cap.)

   Wimsey (Lord Peter)
             in novels by D. L. Sayers

   wincey    a cloth, not -sey

   Winchelsea
             E. Sussex

   Winchilsea (Earl of);
             -- (Anne Finch, Countess of), 1661-1720, English poet

   Winckelmann (Johann Joachim)
             1717-68, German art critic

   wind      (naut.), Beaufort scale: 1, light air; 2, light breeze; 3,
             gentle --; 4, moderate --; 5, fresh --; 6, strong --; 7, near
             gale; 8, gale; 9, strong --; 10, storm; 11, violent --; 12,
             hurricane

   wind/bag, -fall
             (one word)

   Windhoek  SW Africa

   Wind. I.  Windward Islands

   window/-box, -ledge, -seat, -tax
             (hyphens)

   wind/pipe, -screen
             (one word)

   wine/bottle, -glass, -press, -skin
             one word)

   winey     use winy

   Winged Victory
             (anc. Gr.), (statue of) (Athena) Nike (caps.)

   wino/     (slang), an alcoholic, pl.  -s

   winsey    use -cey

   winter, -ry
             (not cap.)

   wintergreen
             an aromatic plant (one word)

   winterize to adapt for use in cold weather, not -ise

   Winton:   sig. of Bp. of Winchester (colon)

   winy      winelike, not -ey

   wipe-out  (noun, hyphen)

   WIPO      World Intellectual Property Organization

   Wis.      Wisconsin (off. abbr.)

   Wisbech   Cambs., not -each

   Wisconsin off. abbr. Wis. or (postal) WI

   Wisdom of Solomon
             (Apocr.), abbr. Wisd.

   wiseacre  (one word)

   wishbone  (one word)

   wishy-washy
             (hyphen)

   Wislicenus (Johannes)
             1835-1902, German chemist

   wistaria  (bot.), not wisteria

   witch/-elm, -hazel
             use wych-

   witchetty (Austral.) larva of beetle or moth, not -ety

   witenagemot
             Anglo-Saxon Parliament

   withal    not -all

   with/e    pl. -es, or with/y, pl.  -ies, a flexible twig, often of willow,
             not wy-

   withershins
             (Sc.), anticlockwise; opp. deasil; not widder-

   withhold  etc. (one word, two hs)

   without   abbr. w/o

   witness-box
             (hyphen)

   Wittenberg
             E. Germany

   Witwatersrand University
             Johannesburg, S. Africa

   wivern    use wy-

   wizened   shriveled, not weaz-, -en

23.11 wk.
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   wk.       weak, week, -s, work

23.12 W. long.
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   W. long.  west longitude

23.13 Wm....
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   Wm.       William

   WMO       World Meteorological Organization

23.14 WNW
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   WNW       west-north-west

23.15 WO...
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   WO        War Office (now see M.o.D.), Warrant Officer, Wireless Operator

   w.o.      walk-over

   w/o       without

   wobbl/e, -y
             not wa-

   Wodehouse family name of Earl of Kimberley; -- (Sir Pelham Grenville),
             1881-1975, English humorous novelist. See also Woodhouse

   woebegone dismal-looking (one word)

   Wolcot (Dr John)
             1738-5819, "Peter Pindar", English writer

   Wolcott (Oliver)
             1726-97, and his son, 1760-1833, American statesmen

   Wolf (Friedrich August)
             1759-1824, German classical scholar; -- (Hugo), 1860-1903,
             Austrian composer

   Wolfe (Charles)
             1791-1823, Irish poet; -- (Humbert), 1885-1940, English poet; --
             (James), 1727-59, British general, took Quebec; -- (Thomas
             Clayton), 1900-38, US novelist

   Wolff (Sir Henry Drummond Charles)
             1830-1908, British politician and diplomat; -- (Christian von),
             1679-1754, German philosopher and mathematician; -- (Joseph),
             1795-1862, German-born English domiciled traveller; -- (Kaspar
             Friedrich), 1733-94, German embryologist; adj.  Wolffian

   Wolf-Ferrari (Ermanno)
             1876-1948, Italian composer

   wolfhound (one word)

   Wollstonecraft (Mary, Mrs Godwin)
             1759-97, English writer, mother of Mary -- Godwin, Mrs Shelley,
             1797-1851, English writer

   wolverine American animal, not wool-, -ene

   womanize  not -ise

   womankind not women- (one word)

   Women's/ Journal; -- Own


   Women's Lib
             (caps., no point)

   won't     to be printed close up

   woo/, -ed, -er, -s


   Wood (Anthony …)
             1632-95, English antiquary

   Woodard Foundation
             of a number of English public schools, named after Nathaniel
             Woodard, 1881-91, English Anglican priest, not Woodw-

   woodbine  honeysuckle, not -bind

   woodchuck N. American marmot (one word)

   woodcock/ bird m. and f. pl.  -s

   woodcut   (typ.), design cut in the side grain of a type-high block of
             wood (one word)

   wood engraving
             (typ.), design cut in the end grain of a type-high block of wood
             (two words)

   Woodhouse surname of Emma In Jane Austen's Emma. See also Wodehouse

   wood/land, -man
             (one word)

   wood-nymph
             (hyphen)

   woodpecker
             (one word)

   wood/pile, -wind
             (mus.), -work, -worm (one word)

   wood-shed (hyphen)

   wool/, -len, -ly


   Woolacombe
             Devon

   Wooler    Northumberland

   Woolf (Adelaide Virginia n‚e Stephen)
             1882-1941, English novelist and essayist; (Leonard Sidney),
             1880-1969, her husband, English writer

   Woollcott (Alexander Humphreys)
             1887-1943, US author and dramatic critic

   Woolloomooloo
             Sydney, Australia

   Woolsack  (House of Lords) (one word)

   wool-sorters' disease
             anthrax, not -er's

   woolverine
             use wolv-

   Worcester:
             sig. of Bp. of Worcester (colon)

   Worcestershire
             former county, abbr. Worcs.

   Worde     see Wynkyn

   Word of God (the)
             (caps.), but in NT l.c. w

   work      abbr. wk.

   workaday  (one word)

   workaholic
             a compulsive worker

   work and turn
             (typ.), printing of the two sides of a sheet of paper from one
             forme

   work/-bench, -box
             (hyphens)

   workday   (one word)

   work-force
             (hyphen)

   work/house, -man
             (one word)

   working class
             (hyphen when attrib.)

   work off  (typ.), actually to print the paper

   work/sheet, -shop
             (one word)

   work-to-rule
             (noun, hyphens)

   World (the New)
             America; -- (the Old), Europe, Asia, and Africa, known to the
             ancients (two caps.). See also Third World

   World War I
             1914-18; -- -- II, 1939-45; also First World War, Second World
             War

   world-wide
             (hyphen)

   wormeaten (one word)

   worm's-eye view
             (apos., one hyphen)

   wormwood  (bot.) Artemisia, (fig.) bitterness

   Wormwood Scrubs
             London

   worry beads
             (two words)

   worry-guts
             (colloq.) (hyphen)

   worship/, -ped, -per, -ping


   worthwhile
             (one word attrib., two words predic.)

   Wotton (Sir Henry)
             1568-1639, English diplomat and poet

   would-be  adj. (hyphen)

   wouldst   to be printed close up, no apos.

   Woulfe/ (Peter)
             1727-1803, English chemist; hence -- bottle, for passing gas
             through liquid

   wove paper
             that which does not show wire marks; distinct from laid --

   Wozzeck   opera by Berg, 1925, based on Woyzech, play by Buchner, 1837

23.16 WP...
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   WP        weather permitting

   w.p.b.    waste-paper basket

   WPC       woman police constable

   w.p.m.    words per minute

23.17 WR...
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   WR        Western Region, West Riding

   WRAC      Women's Royal Army Corps

   wrack     destruction; a seaweed.  See also rack

   WRAF      Women's Royal Air Force

   Wrangel Island
             Arctic Ocean

   Wrangell Island
             Alaska

   wrangler  (Cambridge University), one placed in first class of
             mathematical tripos

   wrap-round
             (bind.), a folded section placed outside another section, so
             that sewing passes through both

   wrasse    a fish, not -ass

   wrath     (noun), great anger. See also wroth

   Wray      see Ray

   wreath    (noun)

   wreathe   (verb)

   wrick     use rick

   wristband (one word)

   wrist-watch
             (hyphen)

   writable  not -eable

   write/-down, -off, -up
             (nouns, hyphens)

   writer's cramp
             not -ers' cramp

   writing/ -desk, -paper, -table
             (hyphens)

   WRNS      Women's Royal Naval Service

   Wroclaw   Poland; in Ger.  Breslau

   wrongdo/er, -ing
             (one word)

   wrong fount
             (typ.), said of letter(s) set in wrong size or cut of type;
             abbr. w.f. (without points as a proof-correction mark). See also
             proof-correction marks

   wroth     (poet. or joc.), angry. See also wrath

   Wrottesley (Baron)


   WRVS      Women's Royal Voluntary Service, formerly WVS

   wry/bill, -mouth, -neck
             (one word)

23.18 WS...
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   WS        (Sc.), Writer to the Signet (= attorney)

   WSW       west-south-west

23.19 WT...
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   WT        (or W/T), wireless telegraphy

   wt.       weight

23.20 wunderkind...
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   wunderkind
             (Ger.), one who achieves success in youth (not ital.)

   WЃrttemberg
             State, W. Germany (two ts)

   Wuthering Heights
             by Emily Bront‰, 1846

23.21 WV...
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   WV        West Virginia (off. postal abbr.)

   W. Va.    West Virginia (off.  abbr.)

   WVS       Women's Voluntary Service, now WRVS

23.22 w/w
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   w/w       weight for weight

23.23 WY...
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   WY        Wyoming (off. postal abbr.)

   Wyandotte N. American Indians; wyandotte, a fowl, not -ot

   wych/-elm, -hazel
             not wich-, witch-

   Wycherley (William)
             1640-1716, English playwright

   Wyclif (John)
             c.1324-84, English religious reformer and translator of the
             Bible; not the many variants

   Wycliffe/ College
             Stonehouse; -- Hall, Oxford, a theological college

   Wykeham/ (William of)
             1324-1404, English prelate; -ist, member of Winchester College
             (cap.)

   Wymondham Leics., Norfolk

   Wyndham/  family name of Baron Leconfield; -- (Sir Charles), 1837-1919,
             English actor; -- (George), 1863-1913, English statesman; --'s
             Theatre, London

   Wyndham Lewis (Dominic Bevan)
             1894-1969, British writer; -- (Percy), 1882-1957, English writer
             and painter

   Wyndham-Quin
             family name of Earl of Dunraven

   Wynkyn de Worde
             1471-1534, early printer in London

   Wyoming   off abbr. Wyo. or (postal) WY

   Wyredrawers
             (Gold and Silver), a livery company

   wyth/e    -y, use wi-

   Wythenshawe
             Manchester

   wyvern    heraldic dragon, not wi-

24.0 X
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24.1 X...
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   X         cross, ten, the twenty-first in series, former film-censorship
             classification

   X         (usu. XP or Xt., qq.v.), the Gr.  letter chi, for Christos,
             Christ

   x         (math.), the first unknown quantity

   x.        (meteor.), hoar-frost

24.2 Xanthippe...
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   Xanthippe wife of Socrates; used allusively for a shrewish woman

   Xavier (St Francis)
             1506-52, Jesuit missionary

24.3 XC...
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   XC        90

   XCIX      99

   x.cp.     ex (without) coupon

24.4 x.d.
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   x.d.      or ex div., ex (without) dividend

24.5 Xe...
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   Xe        xenon (no point)

   xebec     small Mediterranean boat, not z-

   Xenocrates
             396-314 BC, Greek philosopher

   xenon     symbol Xe

   Xenophanes
             c.570-c.500 BC, Greek philosopher and poet

   Xenophon  c.438-c.354 BC, Greek historian; abbr. Xen.

   Xeres     Spain, use Jerez

   X‚rez (Francisco de)
             b. 1504, Spanish historian of conquest of Peru

   xerography
             electrostatic process for printing from or copying documentary
             material or film.  A dry resinous powder is attracted to the
             positively charged areas of a selenium plate, the non-image
             areas having been discharged upon exposure to the illuminated
             original. The powder is then attracted to positively-charged
             paper and stabilized by heat

   Xerox     propr. term for a xerographic copying machine (cap.); xerox, to
             produce (copies) from such a machine (not cap.)

   Xerxes    519-465 BC, King of Persia

24.6 x-height...
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   x-height  (typ.), distance between top and bottom of those lower-case
             letters of a given fount that have no ascenders or descenders
             (e.g. n, x); the area of the shoulder occupied by these

   Xhosa     Bantu language and people

24.7 x.i.
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   x.i.      or ex int., ex (without) next interest

24.8 XL...
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   XL        40

   XLIX      49

24.9 Xmas
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Xmas      Christmas (no point)

24.10 Xn....
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   Xn.       Christian; Xnty., Christianity

   x.n.      or ex n., (ex new) ex (without) the right to new shares

24.11 XP
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   XP        (as monogram), the Greek letters chi rho, first two of Christos

24.12 X-ray
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   X-ray     (hyphen)

24.13 Xt.
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-


   Xt.       Christ

24.14 XX...
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   XX        20

   XXX       30

24.15 xylography...
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   xylography
             the printing of wood-block books

   xylonite  a celluloid

   xylophon/e
             (mus.), a percussion instrument of wooden bars vibrating when
             struck; -ist, the player

   xyst/us   anc. Gr. portico used by athletes, pl. -i, not -os

25.0 Y
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25.1 Y...
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   Y         yen (q.v.), yttrium, the twenty-second in a series

   Y         Netherlands, use IJ

   y         in Dutch, use ij, as Nijmegen, IJmuiden

   y.        year, -s, (meteor.) dry air

   y         (math.), the second unknown quantity

25.2 yacht...
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   yacht/, -sman
             (one word)

   yager     see J„ger

   Yahoo     in Swift's Gulliver's Travels, an animal with human form but
             brutish instincts

   Yahveh    the probable pronunciation of the Hebrew consonants YHWH which
             are traditionally transliterated as Jehovah; not Jahveh

   Yakutsk   Siberia, not J-

   Yale      US University, at New Haven, Conn.; propr. term for a kind of
             lock (cap.)

   Yangtze Kiang
             Chinese river (kiang = river), in Pinyin Yangzijiang

   Yankee    a citizen of the New England States or of the North of US, or of
             the US generally, not -i

   Yaound‚   Cameroon

   yaourt    use yoghurt

   yapp      (bind.), a soft case with overlapping edges

   yarborough
             hand in whist or bridge with no card above 9 (not cap.)

   yard/     -s, abbr. yd., yds.; number of to be in numerals

   yard-arm  (naut.) (hyphen)

   Yarde-Buller
             family name of Baron Churston

   yardstick (one word)

   Yarkand   Cent. Asia, not -end, -und

   yarl      use jarl

   yarmulka  Jewish skull-cap, pl.  -as

   Yaroslavl USSR, not Jaroslav

   yashmak   Muslim woman's veil

   yataghan  Muslim sword, not -gan

   Yates (Dornford)
             pseud. of Cecil William Mercer, 1885-1960, English novelist

25.3 YB...
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   YB        Year Book, q.v.

   Yb        ytterbium (no point)

25.4 YC...
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   YC        Young Conservative

   yclept    (arch. or joc.), called, named (one word)

25.5 yd.
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   yd., yds. yard, -s

25.6 Yeames (William Frederick)...
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   Yeames (William Frederick)
             1835-1918, English painter

   year/     -s, abbr. y. or a or yr., yrs.

   year-book (hyphen); Year Book (law reports) (caps., two words), abbr. YB

   year/-long, -round
             (hyphens)

   years     see numerals II

   Yeats (William Butler)
             1865-1939, Irish poet

   Yeats-Brown (Francis)
             1886-1944, English author

   Yeddo     Japan, see Tokyo

   yellowhammer
             a bird, not -ammer (one word)

   Yellowknife
             NW Territories, Canada

   Yellowplush
             (one word) Papers, by Thackeray, 1841

   Yellowstone/
             (one word) Park; -- River

   Yemen/    S. Arabia; -- (North), off. -- Arab Republic; -- (South), off.
             People's Democratic Republic of Yemen; adj. -i

   yen       the monetary unit of Japan, pl. same; abbr. Y or ќ

   Yeniseisk Siberia, on R. Yenisei

   Yeo.      Yeomanry

   Yerevan   cap. of Armenia, USSR, not E-, -iv-

   yes-man   (colloq.) (hyphen)

   yeux      see oeil

   Yevtushenko (Yevgeny)
             b.  1933, Russian writer

25.7 Yggdrasil
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   Yggdrasil (Scand. myth.), the tree binding heaven, earth, and hell,
             Anglicized from ON yggdrasill; not Ygd-

25.8 YHA
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   YHA       Youth Hostels Association

25.9 Yiddish...
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   Yiddish/  mixed German and Hebrew dialect; -er, speaker of this

   yield point
             (two words)

   yippee    exclamation of delight

25.10 ylang-ylang
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   ylang-ylang
             (perfume from) Malayan tree (hyphen)

25.11 YMCA...
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   YMCA      Young Men's Christian Association

   Ymuiden   use IJm-

25.12 Ynca...
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   Ynca      use Inca

   Ynys M“n  Welsh for Anglesey

25.13 yobbo...
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   yobbo/    colloq. for lout, hooligan, pl. -s

   yodel/    song, to sing, with inarticulate partly falsetto voice; -led,
             -ling, not -dle, jodel

   yog/a     Hindu system of philosophic meditation; -i, a devotee of yoga;
             adj. -ic

   yoghurt   sour fermented milk, not yaourt, yogurt, -ourt

   Yokohama  Japan (one word)

   Yom Kippur
             (Jewish relig.), Day of Atonement

   Yonge (Charles Duke)
             1812-91, English historian; -- (Charlotte Mary), 1823-1901,
             English novelist; pron. as young. See also Young

   Yorke     family name of Earl of Hardwicke

   Yorkshire former county, abbr. Yorks.

   Yorktown  Va., US (one word)

   Yosemite Valley
             Calif., US

   Youcon    use Yukon

   you'd     to be printed close up

   Youghal   Co. Cork, Ireland

   Youl      (Sir James Arndell), 1809-1904, Tasmanian colonist

   you'll    to be printed close up

   Young (Brigham)
             1801-77, US Mormon leader. See also Yonge

   younger   abbr. yr.

   Young Men's Christian Association
             abbr. YMCA; ditto Women's, YWCA

   your      abbr. yr.

   you're    to be printed close up

   yours     (no apos.); abbr. yrs.

   you've    to be printed close up

   Yo-Yo/    propr. term for kind of toy, pl. -s (hyphen, caps.)

25.14 Ypres
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   Ypres/    Belgium, in Fl.  Ieper; -- (Earl of)

25.15 Yquem
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   Yquem/    vineyard, d‚p.  Gironde; -- (Chѓteau-d'), a Sauterne (hyphen)

25.16 yr....
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   yr.       year, younger, your

   YRA       Yacht Racing Association, now RYA, q.v.

   Yriarte (Charles)
             1832-98, French writer

   yrs.      years, yours

25.17 Ysaye (EugЉne)...
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   Ysaye (EugЉne)
             1858-1929, Belgian violinist

   -yse.     In verbs such as analyse, catalyse, paralyse, -lys- is part of
             the stem (corresponding to the Greek element -lusis), and not a
             suffix like -ize. The spelling -yze is therefore incorrect,
             though common in US

   Yseult    etc., use Iseult

   Yssel     use IJs-

25.18 YT
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   YT        Yukon Territory, Canada

   ytterbium symbol Yb

   yttrium   symbol Y

25.19 Yucat n...
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   Yucat n   Mexico (accent)

   Yugoslavia
             not J-; adj. Yugoslav, not -avian

   Yuit      Eskimo of NE Siberia. See also Innuit

   Yukon/ River
             Alaska, US, and Canada; -- Territory, Canada, not Youcon, -kon

   yule/-log, -tide
             (hyphens)

25.20 Yvetot
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   Yvetot    d‚p. Seine-Maritime, France

25.21 YWCA
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   YWCA      Young Women's Christian Association

26.0 Z
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26.1 Z...
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   Z         the twenty-third in a series

   z.        (meteor.), haze

   z         (math.), the third unknown quantity

26.2 zabaglione...
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   zabaglione
             Italian sweet with egg-yolks, sugar, and wine (not ital.)

   Zach.     Zachary

   Zacynthus anc. name of Zante

   Zaehnsdorf (Joseph)
             1819-86, Austrian-born English-domiciled bookbinder

   zaffre    impure cobalt oxide used as blue pigment, not -er

   Zagreb    Yugoslavia, not -ab, Agram

   Zaharoff (Sir Basil)
             1849-1936, Greek-born British financier

   Za‹re     tragedy by Voltaire, 1732

   Za‹re/    Cent. Africa, indep.  1960, formerly Democratic Republic of
             Congo; river, formerly Congo; adj. -an; also (with small
             initial) the monetary unit

   Zambezi   African river, not -si

   Zambia    formerly N. Rhodesia, indep. republic 1964

   Zamenhof (Ludwig Lazarus)
             1859-1917, Pol. physician, inventor of Esperanto

   zamindar  use zemin-

   zanana    use ze-

   Zangwill (Israel)
             1864-1926, English novelist and playwright

   Zante     Gr. island, anc. name Zacynthus

   ZANU      Zimbabwe African National Union

   Zanzibar  see Tanzania

   ZAPU      Zimbabwe African People's Union

   Zaragoza  Spain, use Saragossa

   zarape    use serape

   Zarathustra
             6th c. BC, founder of Parsee religion

   zariba    (Arab.), fortified enclosure, not the many variants

   Zarskoe Selo
             use Tsarskoe Selo (q.v.)

   zax       use sax

26.3 z.B.
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   z.B.      (Ger.), zum Beispiel (for example)

26.4 Zealand...
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   Zealand   Denmark, not Zeeland; in Dan. Sjsaelland

   zealot    zealous person, fanatic (cap. with reference to Jewish sect)

   zebec     use xebec

   Zech.     Zechariah

   Zeeland   Holland, not Zea-

   Zeitgeist (Ger. m.), the spirit of the time (cap.)

   Zeitschrift
             (Ger. f), periodical (cap.)

   Zeltinger a Moselle wine

   zemindar  official in India under Mogul empire, Indian land-owner paying
             tax to Britain, not zamin-

   Zen       meditative form of Buddhism (cap.)

   zenana    (Ind.), the women's apartments, not za-

   Zener cards
             used in ESP research (one cap.)

   zenith    the highest point, opp. to nadir

   Zeph.     Zephaniah

   zero/     pl. -s

   Zetinje   use Cetinje

   Zetland/  former off. name of Shetland county; -- (Marquess of)

   zeugma/   (gram.), figure in which a verb or adj. is used with two nouns
             of which it is strictly applicable to only one, e.g. with
             weeping eyes and hearts, pl. -s; adj. -tic

26.5 zho...
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   zho       use dzho

   Zhou Enlai
             1898-1976, Chinese statesman

26.6 zibet...
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   zibet     Asian or Indian civet, not -eth

   ziggurat  anc. Mesopotamian tower, not zikk-

   zigzag/, -ged, -ging
             (one word)

   Zimbabwe/ name of Rhodesia 1980 adj. -an

   zinc      symbol Zn

   zinco/    (typ.), a relief block, usu. in line, made from zinc; pl.  -s

   zincography
             the art of engraving and printing from zinc

   zingara (… la)
             (Fr. cook.), in gypsy style

   Zingar/o  (It.), a gypsy, pl. -i; fem. -a, pl. -e

   Zinjanthropus
             E. Afr. fossil hominid

   Zion/, -ism, -ist
             not Si-

   zip/, -ped, -per, -ping, -py; ---bag, -fastener
             (hyphens)

   Zip code  (US), postal delivery code (one cap.)

   zirconium symbol Zr

26.7 zloty
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   zloty/    monetary unit of Poland, pl. -s

26.8 Zn
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   Zn        zinc (no point)

26.9 zo...
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   zo        use dzho

   zodiacal signs
             see astronomy

   Zoffany (John)
             1734-1810, German-born English-domiciled painter

   Zollverein
             (Ger. m.), customs union

   zombie    revived corpse, stupid person, not -i, -y

   zoolog/y, -ical, ist
             abbr.  zool.; genera, species, and subspecies to be italic,
             other divisions roman: Carnivora (order); Felidae (family);
             Felis (genus); Felis catus (species).  Specific epithets, even
             when derived from names of persons, should be l.c.: Myotis
             daubentoni.  See Hart's Rules, pp. 6-7

   zo/on     an animal; pl. -a

   z“on politikon
             (anc. Gr.), the political animal, man

   Zoroastrian
             of religion founded by Zarathustra

   zouave    French soldier (not ital.)

26.10 ZPG
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   ZPG       zero population growth

26.11 Zr
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   Zr        zirconium (no point)

26.12 Zs
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   ZS        Zoological Society

26.13 zucchetto...
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   zucchetto/
             (RCC), a skull-cap, pl. -s

   zucchini  (It. pl.), courgettes

   zugzwang  (chess), a blockade, a position in which any move is undesirable
             yet some move must be made

   Zuider Zee
             Netherlands, now IJsselmeer

   Zululand  (one word), annexed by S. Africa, 1897

   Zurich    Switzerland; in Ger.  ZЃrich

   zwieback  (Ger.), a kind of biscuit rusk (not ital.)

26.14 Zwingli (Ulrich)
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   Zwingli (Ulrich)
             1484-1531, Swiss Protestant reformer


Яндекс цитирования